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Kippap-Handout-SEC (37 RCD - One-Way Slabs)

BS Civil Engineering (University of Manila)

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ONE-WAY SLABS AND CONTINUOUS BEAMS CE Board Exam Review

DESIGN OF ONE-WAY SLABS AND CONTINUOUS RC BEAMS Reinforcement Strain Limit Maximum Spacing of Bonded Reinforcement nearest to
USING NSCP 2015 Tension Face

Design Principle

Þ One-way slabs are designed as beams using one-meter

wide strips Minimum Flexural Reinforcement Ratio
Minimum Thickness

Maximum Spacing of Flexural Reinforcement

Minimum Spacing of Flexural Reinforcement

Þ Sec. 425.2.1. Minimum clear spacing for parallel non-

prestressed bars in the same layer must be the greatest of
25 mm, V! , and W/Y maximum aggregate size (M.A.S).
Þ Sec. 425.2.2. In case of two or more horizontal layers,
upper layer must be placed at least 25 mm above the
bottom layer.

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ONE-WAY SLABS AND CONTINUOUS BEAMS CE Board Exam Review

Minimum Shrinkage and Temperature Reinforcement SIMPLIFIED ANALYSIS OF ONE-WAY SLABS AND Approximate Moments for Non-Prestressed One-Way Slabs
CONTINUOUS BEAMS USING ACI/NSCP 2015 COEFFICIENTS and Continuous Beams

Þ Sec. 406.5.1. The use of ACI/NSCP 2015 coefficients in

determining the design a" and b" can only be used if and
only if:

1. Only gravity loads (dead and live) are acting

2. Members are prismatic
3. Loads are uniformly distributed
4. c ≤ 3e
5. There are at least 2 spans
6. ≤ 1.20
#$%& ()*%
+,$-. ()*%

Approximate Shears for Non-Prestressed One-Way Slabs and

Maximum Spacing of Shrinkage and Temperature Continuous Beams
Reinforcement

Minimum Concrete Cover

Þ 36-mm bars or smaller: 20 mm

Þ 40-mm and 58-mm bars: 40 mm

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ONE-WAY SLABS AND CONTINUOUS BEAMS CE Board Exam Review

Guide on Using ACI/NSCP 2015 Coefficients (from Wight and PATTERNED LOAD ANALYSIS Equivalent Load on the Long Span:
MacGregor)
SECTION 406. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

406.2. General

406.2.2. All members and structural systems shall be analyzed

for the maximum effects of loads including the arrangement of
live load in accordance with Section 406.4.
ik k0
406.4. Arrangement of Live Load i/ = mY − 0 p
l o
406.4.1. For the design of floors or roofs to resist gravity loads,
Equivalent Load on the Short Span:
it shall be permitted to assume that live load is applied only to
the level under consideration.
406.4.2. For one-way slabs and beams, it shall be permitted to
assume (a) and (b):

a. Maximum positive moment a" near midspan occurs with

factored c on the span and alternate spans;
ik
b. Maximum negative moment a" at a support occurs with i/ =
Y
factored c on adjacent spans only.
PRACTICE PROBLEMS
TWO-WAY SLABS
Problem 1. Refer to Fig. RCD-01 and Ref. SEC-01. In addition
Distribution of Loads via Equivalent Uniform Load to its self-weight, the given continuous slab is subjected to a
live load of 4.50 kPa. Normal-weight concrete is used with
q1231 = 2400 kg/m4 and r15 = 21 MPa. All steel has yield
strength of 420 MPa. Use NSCP 2015 coefficients for design
shear and moment calculations. All given dimensions are in
mm.

1. What is the required thickness of the slab, to the nearest

10 mm? [160]

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ONE-WAY SLABS AND CONTINUOUS BEAMS CE Board Exam Review

2. What is the required spacing of the 12-mm flexural Given: L = 6.0 m Problem 5. Refer to Fig. RCD-02 and Ref. SEC-02. Suppose L1
reinforcement, to the nearest 10 mm? [300] S = 4.0 m = L2 = L3 = 8.0 m, S1 = S2 = 2.5 m, S3 = 3.0 m. Beam EFGH
3. What is the required spacing of the 10-mm shrinkage and Superimposed DL, y78 = 3.2 kPa is to be designed for maximum forces and moments,
temperature reinforcement, to the nearest 10 mm? [270] Live Load, y88 = 4.0 kPa considering dead load of 4.8 kPa and live load of 2.5 kPa.
Assume simple supports at beam-column connections.
Problem 2. A typical floor framing plan is shown in Fig. RCD- Normal-weight concrete: w1231 = 24 kN/m4 , r15 =
02. All dimensions indicated are measured from the 28 MPa 1. What is the maximum reaction, in kN? [244.992]
centerlines of supporting columns. For shear and moment Steel Reinforcement: r6 = 420 MPa 2. What is the maximum positive moment in span EF, in kN ∙
calculations, use NSCP 2015 coefficients (Sec. 406.5.). m? [151.861]
Suppose columns H and E are deleted such that beams DEF
Given: L1 = L3 = 7.5 m and GHI are supported by beam BEHK by simple supports at What is the maximum moment in beam EFGH, in kN ∙ m?
L2 = 8.0 m E and H, respectively. Assume all spans are loaded, and full [183.744]
S1 = S2 = S3 = 3.0 m fixity at beam-column connections.
All beams 300 mm x 500 mm
1. What is the effective uniform factored load (kN/m)
All columns 300 mm x 300 mm
experienced by beam DEF? [51.479]
Slab thickness is 125 mm
2. What is the effective concentrated load (kN) applied on
beam BEHK at E and F? [308.871]
Use w1231 = 23.6 kN/m4 , r15 = 24 MPa, r6 = 420 MPa.
3. What is the maximum moment at beam BEHK? [1318.376]
Loads: U = 1.2D + 1.6L
Problem 4. A continuous solid one-way slab is subjected to live
Superimposed DL, y78 = 4.5 kPa pressure load of }88 = 2.4 kPa. All end spans are 3.0 m long, Fig. RCD-01
Live Load, y88 = 3.6 kPa while interior spans are 3.5 m long. Normal-weight concrete
is used with w1231 = 24 kN/m4 and r15 = 28 MPa. All
1. What is the maximum moment in beam IJKL, in kN ∙ m? [-
reinforcing bars are made up of Grade 40 ~r6 = 275 MPa
268.343]
steel. Use NSCP 2015 coefficients if applicable.
2. What is the maximum shear in beam IJKL, in kN?
[200.161] 1. What is the required thickness of the slab, to the nearest
3. What is the maximum reaction in beam IJKL, in kN? 10 mm? [100]
[386.301] 2. What is the required spacing of the 12-mm flexural
reinforcement, to the nearest 10 mm? [260]
Problem 3. Refer to Fig. RCD-03. A reinforced concrete floor
3. What is the required spacing of the 10-mm temperature
framing system is composed of beams 300 mm by 500 mm
and shrinkage reinforcement, to the nearest 10 mm? [390]
(below slab) supporting a 125-mm thick slab. All columns are
500 mm by 500 mm. All spans are measured from the
centerlines of supports.

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ONE-WAY SLABS AND CONTINUOUS BEAMS CE Board Exam Review

Ref. SEC-01
424.3. Distribution of Flexural Reinforcement in One-Way Slabs and
Beams

424.3.2. Spacing of deformed non-prestressed reinforcement closest to

the tension face shall not exceed the lesser of:
280
380 Ä Å − 2.5Ç1
r9

or
280
300 Ä Å
r9
424.3.2.1. Stress É: in the deformed reinforcement closest to the tension
face at service loads shall be calculated based on the unfactored moment, Fig. RCD-03
or shall be permitted to be taken as (Ñ/Y)É; .

Ref. SEC-02

Fig. RCD-02

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REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN FOR SHEAR CE Board Exam Review

SOLUTIONS TO PRACTICE PROBLEMS:

Problem 1.

a) Thickness of Slab

For S1 [one end continuous]: ℎ = = = 158.333 mm

! $%&&
"# "#

For S2 and S3 [both ends continuous]: ℎ = = = 133.929 mm

! $'(&
"% "%

Take ℎ = 160 mm.

Now, we need to verify the sufficiency of this thickness by checking it against shear and bending. Calculating the
initial loads,
[)! = (0.16)(2400)(9.81) ÷ 1000 = 3.767 kPa
Note that [!! = 4.5 kPa < 3[)! = 3(3.767) = 11.301 kPa. Thus, the NSCP 2015 coefficients can be used.

Plotting the coefficients at different portions of the slab,

Calculating the design uniform loading assuming 1-m width,

c* = 1.2d + 1.6f = (1.2)(3.767)(1.0) + (1.6)(4.5)(1.0) = 11.720 kN/m
Checking the clear span lengths,

S1: h+ = 3800 − = 3450

#&&,$&&
"

S2 and S3: h+ = 3750 − 300 = 3450

All clear span lengths are equal.

Calculating the design moment and shear,

1
k* = l- c* h+" = m n (11.720)(3.45" ) = 13.950 kN ∙ m
10
l. c* h+ 1.15(11.720)(3.45)
p* = = = 23.250 kN
2 2
Checking the depth against bending, assuming tension-controlled SRB,
3 0.85s8 3 0.85(21)
q = q-/0,23+456+ = r7 ∙ = (0.85) t u = 0.01355
8 s9 8 420

s9 420
v= = = 23.529
0.85s8 0.85(21)
1 1
w+ = qs9 m1 − qvn = (0.01355)(420) t1 − (0.01355)(23.529)u = 4.783 MPa
2 2
k*
w+ =
xyz"
13.950 ∙ 10:
= 4.783
0.90(1000)(z" )
z = 56.928 mm

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REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN FOR SHEAR CE Board Exam Review

Considering 20-mm cover and 12-mm flexure bars,

12
ℎ;3< = 56.928 + 20 + = 82.928 < 160 mm ∴ OK!
2
Now, checking against shear, assuming no shear reinforcements shall be used,

p8 = 0.17~s8 y= z = 0.17(1.0)Ä√21Ç(1000)z = 779.038z

p* 23.250
p+ = = = 31.001 kN
x 0.75

31.001 ∙ 10$ = 779.038z

z = 30.793 mm
Clearly, ℎ = 160 mm is sufficient.

∴ Use 160 mm-thick slab. Ans. #1

b) Main Flexure reinforcement

Calculating the required flexural reinforcement,
12
z = 160 − 20 − = 134 mm
2
k* 13.950 ∙ 10:
w+ = = = 0.863 MPa
xyz" 0.90(1000)(134" )

1 2vw+ 1 2(23.529)(0.863)
q= Ñ1 − Ö1 − Ü= Ñ1 − Ö1 − Ü = 0.00211
v s9 23.529 420

á4 = qyz = (0.00211)(1000)(134) = 282.416 mm"

Checking with minimum reinforcement requirement,
á4,-5+ = 0.0018á> = 0.0018(1000)(160) = 288 mm" > 282.416 mm"

Thus, minimum steel requirement governs!

We take á4 = 288 mm" .

ã
á? (12" )
ä;3< = x 1000 = 4 ∙ 1000 = 392.699 mm, say, ä;3< = 390 mm
á4 288
Checking against maximum spacing requirements for flexural bars,

From Sec. 407.7.2.3,

( )
ä-/0 ≤ ç3ℎ = 3 160 = 480 mm
450 mm
From Sec. 424.3.2 [crack control],

⎧ 280 280
⎪ 380 m n − 2.5l8 = 380 Ñ Ü − 2.5(20) = 330 mm
⎪ s4 2
(420)
ä-/0 ≤ 3
⎨ 280 280
⎪
⎪ 300 m n = 300 Ñ Ü = 300 mm
s4 2
⎩ (420)
3
Thus, maximum spacing governs!
∴ Use 12 − mm ϕ flexural bars @ 300 mm o. c. spacing. Ans. #2
c) Shrinkage and Temperature bars
For s9 = 420 MPa,

á4 = 0.0018yℎ = 0.0018(1000)(160) = 288 mm"

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REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN FOR SHEAR CE Board Exam Review

ã
á? (10" )
ä;3< = ∙ 1000 = 4 ∙ 1000 = 272.708 mm, say, ä = 270 mm
á4 288
Checking against maximum spacing requirements for shrinkage and temperature bars,
( )
ä-/0 ≤ ç5ℎ = 5 160 = 800 mm
450 mm
Required spacing governs!
∴ Use 10 − mm ϕ shrinkage & temperature bars @ 270 mm o. c. spacing. Ans. #3

Problem 2.

We note that:
f" 8.0
= = 2.667 > 2.0
ï 3.0
f7 7.5
= = 2.5
ï 3.0
Thus, all spans are one-way.

Also checking the span ratio, '.( = 1.067 < 1.20.

%.&

Calculating the design loads using tributary area,

[4A/? =2 = 23.6(0.125) = 2.95 kPa
[)!,4A/? = 4.5 + 2.95 = 7.45 kPa

c?3/- =2 = 23.6(0.3)(0.5) = 3.54 kN/m

c)! = (3.0)(7.45) + 3.54 = 25.89 kN/m

c!! = (3.0)(3.6) = 10.8 kN/m < 3c)! = 77.67 kN/m
Thus, NSCP coefficients can be used.
c* = 1.2(25.89) + 1.6(10.8) = 48.348 kN/m

Maximum moment shall occur on the exterior face of supports J and K.

h+7 = 7500 − 300 = 7200 mm
h+" = 8000 − 300 = 7700 mm

1 1 7.700 + 7.200 "

k* = − c* h+ = −
" (48.348) m n
10 10 2
k* = −268.343 kN ∙ m Ans. #1
The maximum shear occur either on the exterior or the interior face of supports J and K. Checking both,

Exterior face: p* = = = 200.161 kN

7.7(=! A" 7.7((#%.$#%)('.")
" "

Interior face: p* = = = 186.140 kN

=! A" (#%.$#%)('.')
" "

∴ p* = 200.161 kN Ans. #2
Now, the maximum reaction occurs at supports J and K.
w-/0 = 200.161 + 186.140

w-/0 = 386.301 kN Ans. #3

Problem 3.

Checking the span ratio,

f 6
= = 1.50 < 2.0
ï 4
Thus, each panel is a two-way slab.

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REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN FOR SHEAR CE Board Exam Review

Note that each section of beam DEF and GHI are long spans of two-way panels.
Calculating first the pressure loads on each panel,
[)! = 3.2 + (0.125)(24) = 6.2 kPa
[* = 1.2(6.2) + 1.6(4.0) = 13.84 kPa

Calculating the equivalent uniform load on beam DEF due to the floor loads,
[* ï ï" 13.84(4) 4"
c*,EA66; = 2 ∙ t3 − " u = 2 ∙ t3 − " u = 47.159 kN/m
6 f 6 6

Adding the self-weight of beam DEF,

c* = 47.159 + (1.2)(24)(0.3)(0.5)
c* = 51.479 kN/m Ans. #1
Illustrating the FBD of beam DEF,

From symmetry, we can note that:

cf"
k) = kF =
12
cf
w) = wF = pG) = pGF =
2
Hence,
cf cf
wG = + = cf
2 2
Letting c = 51.479 kN/m and f = 6.0 m,

wG = (51.479)(6)
wG = 308.871 kN Ans. #2
Now, beam BEHK is subjected to the loading condition shown below:

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REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN FOR SHEAR CE Board Exam Review

Recalculating the equivalent uniform load,

[* ï 13.84(4)
c*,EA66; = 2 ∙ =2∙ = 36.907 kN/m
3 3
c* = 36.907 + (1.2)(24)(0.3)(0.5) = 41.227 kN/m
By symmetry, note that wG = wH = 308.871 kN

Taking note of the following formulas for fully-restrained beams,

The maximum moment will occur at the supports (equal in magnitude due to symmetry).

Calculating this moment, letting ó = 4, y = 8, and f = 12,

cf" wG óy" wH yó"

kIJK = + +
12 f" f"
41.227(12" ) 308.871(4)(8" ) 308.871(8)(4" )
kIJK = + +
12 12" 12"
kIJK = 1318.376 kN ∙ m Ans. #3

Problem 4.

Note that s9 = 275 MPa ≠ 420 MPa. Thus, a reduction factor shall be used for minimum thickness calculations.
E
End Spans: ℎ = "# ∙ ô0.4 + '&& ö= ∙ ô0.4 + '&&ö = 99.107 mm
! # $&&& "'(
"#

E
Interior Spans: ℎ = "% ∙ ô0.4 + '&& ö= ∙ ô0.4 + '&&ö = 99.107 mm
! # $(&& "'(
"%

∴ Use 100-mm thick slab. Ans. #1

Calculating the design loads,

[)! = 24(0.1) = 2.4 kPa

Note that:
1. [!! = 2.4 kPa < 3[)! = 7.2 kPa
2. L = $.& = 1.167 < 1.20
! $.(

Assuming all spans are loaded, NSCP 2015 coefficients can be applied!
Now, considering unit width of slab,
c* = 1.2(2.4) + 1.6(2.4) = 6.72 kN/m
Conservatively, since no details on the supports are given, we just use the given span lengths (instead of clear
span).

For max moment, we have two possible locations: at exterior face of first interior support, or at the face of interior
supports. Checking both,
$.(,$.& "
Exterior Face: k* = − 7& c* h+" = − 7& (6.72) ô ö = −7.098 kN ∙ m
7 7
"

Interior Supports: k* = − 77 c* h+" = − 77 (6.72)(3.5" ) = −7.484 kN ∙ m

7 7

Thus, take k* = 7.484 kN ∙ m.

Calculating the required spacing of tension reinforcement,

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REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN FOR SHEAR CE Board Exam Review

7.484 ∙ 10:
w+ = = 1.518 MPa
12 "
0.90(1000) ô100 − 20 − 2 ö

275
v= = 11.555
0.85(28)

1 2vw+ 1 2(11.555)(1.518)
q= õ1 − Ö1 − ú= õ1 − Ö1 − ú = 0.00571
v s9 11.555 275

á4 = qyz = 0.00571(1000)(74) = 422.546 mm"

Checking this with minimum steel requirement,

á4,-5+ = 0.0020á> = 0.0020(1000)(100) = 200 mm"

Thus, the theoretical steel governs!

ã
á? (12" )
ä= x 1000 mm = 4 ∙ 1000 mm = 267.657 mm
á4 422.546
Checking the maximum spacing requirements,
From Sec. 407.7.2.3,
( )
ä-/0 ≤ ç3ℎ = 3 100 = 300 mm
450 mm
From Sec 424.3.2. [crack control],

⎧ 280 280
⎪ 380 m n − 2.5l8 = 380 Ñ Ü − 2.5(20) = 530.364 mm
⎪ s4 2
(275)
ä-/0 ≤ 3
⎨ 280 280
⎪
⎪ 300 m n = 300 Ñ Ü = 458.182 mm
s4 2
⎩ (275)
3
Theoretical spacing governs!

∴ Use 12 − mm ϕ flexural reinforcements @ 260 mm o. c. spacing. Ans. #2

Calculating the required shrinkage and temperature reinforcement,

á4 = 0.0020á> = 0.0020(1000)(100) = 200 mm"

ã
á? (10" )
ä= ∙ 1000 mm = 4 ∙ 1000 mm = 392.699 mm
á4 200
Checking the maximum spacing,
( )
ä-/0 ≤ ç5ℎ = 5 100 = 500 mm
450 mm
∴ Use 10 − mm ϕ shrinkage & temperature bars @ 390 mm o. c. spacing. Ans. #3

Problem 5.

Calculating the design loads,

3.0 + 2.5
c*,)! = (1.2)(4.8) m n = 15.84 kN/m
2
3.0 + 2.5
c*,!! = (1.6)(2.5) m n = 11.00 kN/m
2
Part 1: Maximum Reaction
Maximum reaction can be obtained from either F or G if one end span is unloaded with live load.
w-/0 = 1.10c*,)! f + 1.20c*,!! f = (1.10)(15.84)(8) + (1.20)(11)(8)

w-/0 = 244.992 kN Ans. #1

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REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN FOR SHEAR CE Board Exam Review

Part 2: Maximum positive moment at beam EF

Maximum positive moment at beam EF occurs when only the end spans are loaded with live load.
*Note: The maximum positive moments for All Spans Loaded and End Spans Loaded cases cannot be used, as the
locations of those moments differ.
Conducting a separate analysis,

wG = 0.40c*,)! f + 0.45c*,!! f = (0.40)(15.84)(8) + (0.45)(11)(8) = 90.288 kN

cM = 15.84 + 11 = 26.84 kN/m

Max positive moment occurs at the point of zero shear.
90.288
ü= = 3.364 m
26.84
cM ü " 26.84(3.364" )
k-/0 = wG ü − = (90.288)(3.364) −
2 2
k-/0 = 151.861 kN ∙ m Ans. #2
Part 3. Maximum moment at Beam EFGH
Maximum moment (negative) occurs at either support F or G when one end span is unloaded by live load.

k-/0 = 0.10c*,)! f" + 0.117c*,!! f" = (0.10)(15.84)(8" ) + (0.117)(11)(8" )

k-/0 = 183.744 kN ∙ m Ans. #3

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