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Definition of Uniform Plane Wave An EN Wave Propagating in X-Direction Is Said To

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Divya Sriju

This document discusses uniform plane waves. It defines a uniform plane wave as an EM wave where the electric and magnetic fields are independent of the y and z directions and have constant amplitude over equiphase surfaces. It proves that for a uniform plane wave propagating in the x-direction, the x-components of the electric and magnetic fields must be zero (Ex = Hx = 0). This is shown by solving the wave equation and vector equations for a plane wave under the conditions of a uniform plane wave.

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Definition of Uniform Plane Wave An EN Wave Propagating in X-Direction Is Said To

Uploaded by

Divya Sriju
56 views3 pages
This document discusses uniform plane waves. It defines a uniform plane wave as an EM wave where the electric and magnetic fields are independent of the y and z directions and have constant amplitude over equiphase surfaces. It proves that for a uniform plane wave propagating in the x-direction, the x-components of the electric and magnetic fields must be zero (Ex = Hx = 0). This is shown by solving the wave equation and vector equations for a plane wave under the conditions of a uniform plane wave.

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EC05214ANotes-33.pdf

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This document discusses uniform plane waves. It defines a uniform plane wave as an EM wave where the electric and magnetic fields are independent of the y and z directions and have constant amplitude over equiphase surfaces. It proves that for a uniform plane wave propagating in the x-direction, the x-components of the electric and magnetic fields must be zero (Ex = Hx = 0). This is shown by solving the wave equation and vector equations for a plane wave under the conditions of a uniform plane wave.

Copyright:

© All Rights Reserved
Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as pdf or txt
56 views3 pages

Definition of Uniform Plane Wave An EN Wave Propagating in X-Direction Is Said To

Uploaded by

Divya Sriju
This document discusses uniform plane waves. It defines a uniform plane wave as an EM wave where the electric and magnetic fields are independent of the y and z directions and have constant amplitude over equiphase surfaces. It proves that for a uniform plane wave propagating in the x-direction, the x-components of the electric and magnetic fields must be zero (Ex = Hx = 0). This is shown by solving the wave equation and vector equations for a plane wave under the conditions of a uniform plane wave.

Copyright:

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E M Waves and Transmission Lines Unit 4


Lecture Notes 33
Uniform plane wave equation

Definition of uniform plane wave An EN wave propagating in x-direction is said to


be a uniform plane wave if its fields E and H are independent of y and z – directions.

It is defined as a wave whose electric and magnetic fields have constant amplitude
over the equiphase surfaces. These waves exist only in free space at an infinite distance
from the source.
A uniform plane wave propagating in x-direction has no x-components of E and H,
that is, Ex=0, Hx=0.
The electric and magnetic fields of an EM wave are always perpendicular to each
other. A typical wave is shown in Fig 1.
Ex=0, Hx=0 for a uniform plane wave

Proof The plane wave equation in free space is given by

∇ 2 E = µ 0 ∈0 E

Figure 1
2 2 2 2
∂ E ∂ E ∂ E ∂ E
that is, 2
+ 2 + 2 = µ 0 ∈0
∂x ∂y ∂z ∂t 2
As per the definition of uniform plane wave,

T. Sreedhar, ECE, GMRIT.

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E M Waves and Transmission Lines Unit 4


Lecture Notes 33
E ≠ f (y)
and E ≠ f (z )

∂2E ∂2E
= 0,+ 2 = 0
∂y 2 ∂z
Hence the wave equation becomes
∂2E ∂2E
= µ 0 ∈0
∂x 2 ∂t 2

∂ 2 Ex ∂2Ey ∂ 2 Ez
that is, a x + a y + az
∂x 2 ∂y 2 ∂x 2

 ∂ 2 Ex ∂2Ey ∂ 2 Ez 
= µ 0 ∈0  2 a x + ay + az 
 ∂t ∂t 2 ∂t 2 
Equating the respective components on both sides, we get
∂ 2 Ex ∂ 2 Ex
= µ 0 ∈0 (1.1)
∂x 2 ∂t 2
∂2Ey ∂2Ey
= µ 0 ∈0
∂x 2 ∂t 2
∂ 2 Ez ∂ 2 Ez
= µ 0 ∈0
∂x 2 ∂t 2

Also we have
∇.D = 0 [as ρυ = 0]

or, ∇. ∈0 E = 0

that is, ∇.E = 0


∂E x ∂E y ∂E z
so, + + =0
∂x ∂y ∂x
∂E y ∂E z
As = 0, = 0, we have
∂y ∂z

∂E x
=0 (1.2)
∂x

T. Sreedhar, ECE, GMRIT.

www.jntuworld.com
www.jntuworld.com www.jwjobs.net

E M Waves and Transmission Lines Unit 4


Lecture Notes 33

Substituting Equation (1.2) in (1.1), we get


∂ 2 Ex
=0
∂t 2
This means that Ex should have one of the following solutions.
1. Ex = 0
2. Ex = a constant with time
3. Ex increases uniformly with time, that is, Ex = Kt where K is constant.
If Ex = a constant and Ex =Kt, it will not be a part of wave motion.
Therefore,
Ex = 0
Similarly, Hx = 0
This means that the components of electric and magnetic fields of a uniform plane
wave in the direction of propagation are zero.

T. Sreedhar, ECE, GMRIT.

www.jntuworld.com

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