SAT Math Formula Practice

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Linear Equations

Slope-Intercept Form y = mx + b

y2 − y1
Slope Formula m=
x2 − x1

Point-Slope Form y − y1 = m(x − x1 )

Formulas with Points

⎛ x1 + x2 y1 + y2 ⎞
Midpoint Formula ⎜⎝ , ⎟
2 2 ⎠

Distance Formula d= ( x2 − x1 )2 + ( y2 − y1 )2

Rewriting Expressions

(Factor) a 2 − b 2 = ( a + b) ( a − b)

(Expand) (a + b)2 = a 2 + 2ab + b 2

−a −1 a
⋅ =
b − c −1 c−b

x −ab ab
If a = , then x = or
b+ x a −1 1− a
a
b= a d
⋅
c b c
d
 Quadratics

Standard Form y= y = ax 2 + bx + c

b
x= x=−
2a
Vertex b
y= y = substitute − for x
2a

1) 1) Try factoring
Methods to find the
x-intercepts 2) 2) Quadratic formula

−b ± b 2 − 4ac
Quadratic Formula x= x=
2a

Vertex Form y= y = a(x − h)2 + k

Vertex ( , ) (h, k)

x-intercepts −k
x = h±
a

Factored Form y= y = a(x − p)(x − q)

p+q
x= x=
2
Vertex p+q
y= y= substitute for x
2

x-intercepts x = p or x = q
 Trigonometry
opp
sin θ =
hyp
adj
cosθ =
hyp
opp
tan θ =
adj

Given: opposite and adjacent ⎛ opp ⎞

tan −1 ⎜ ⎟
Use _______ to find θ . ⎝ adj ⎠

Given: adjacent and hypotenuse ⎛ adj ⎞

cos−1 ⎜ ⎟
Use _______ to find θ . ⎝ hyp ⎠

Given: opposite and hypotenuse ⎛ opp ⎞

sin −1 ⎜ ⎟
Use _______ to find θ . ⎝ hyp ⎠

Most Common Pythagorean Triples

3-4-5 (and multiples)

5-12-13 (and multiples)

Circles

Standard Equation (x − h)2 + (y − k)2 = r 2

Center Point (h, k)

Radius r
 Radians

Degree and Radian deg rad

=
Conversion Formula 180 π

Arc Length (in Radians) s= s = rθ

r 2θ
Sector Area (in Radians) A= A=
2
θ
Arc Length (in Degrees) s= s= 2π r
360

θ
Sector Area (in Degrees) A= A= ⋅π r2
360

Imaginary Numbers

i= −1

i2 = −1

i3 = −i

i4 = 1

Complex Numbers

Conjugate of a + bi a − bi

Conjugate of a − bi a + bi
 Exponent Rules

xa xb = x a+b

xa
= x a−b
xb

a b
(x ) = x ab

1
x −a =
xa

x0 = (for x ≠ 0 ) 1

a
( xy) = x a ya

a
⎛x⎞ xa
⎜ ⎟ =
⎝ y⎠ ya
−a
⎛x⎞ ya
⎜ ⎟ =
⎝ y⎠ xa

a a
x b
= or b
x a or ( x)
b

Exponential Growth

Exponential Growth Formula A(t) = A0 (1 + r)t

Initial Value A0

Rate of Change r
 Radical Rules

xy = x y

x x
y y

a x +b x = ( a + b) x

a x −b x = ( a − b) x

a
x
a
b
= or b
x a or ( x)
b

Solve for x: x = a
2
x=± a

Rates

Relationship between
d = rt
Distance, Rate, and Time

Relationship between w = rt
Work, Rate, and Time

Averages

of items sum of items s

Average (Mean) of Items number of items
of items

Undefined Values

Denominator is… Equal to 0

Expression under radical is... Less than 0