School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Worksheet Seven Instructions: Attempt all questions. 1. A steam power plant operates on an ideal reheat Rankine cycle between the pressure limits of 15 MPa and 10 kPa. The mass flow rate of steam through the cycle is 12 kg/s. Steam enters both stages of the turbine at 500°C. If the moisture content of the steam at the exit of the low-pressure turbine is not to exceed 5 percent, determine: a. the pressure at which reheating takes place, b. the total rate of heat input in the boiler, and c. the thermal efficiency of the cycle. Also, show the cycle on a T-s diagram with respect to saturation lines. 2. Cold feedwater enters a 200-kPa open feedwater heater of a regenerative Rankine cycle at 70°C with a flow rate of 10 kg/s. Bleed steam is available from the turbine at 200 kPa and 160°C. At what rate must bleed steam be supplied to the open feedwater heater so the feedwater leaves this unit as a saturated liquid? 3. Consider an ideal steam regenerative Rankine cycle with two feedwater heaters, one closed and one open. Steam enters the turbine at 10 MPa and 600°C and exhausts to the condenser at 10 kPa. Steam is extracted from the turbine at 1.2 MPa for the closed feedwater heater and at 0.6 MPa for the open one. The feedwater is heated to the condensation temperature of the extracted steam in the closed feedwater heater. The extracted steam leaves the closed feedwater heater as a saturated liquid, which is subsequently throttled to the open feedwater heater. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram with respect to saturation lines, and determine: a. the mass flow rate of steam through the boiler for a net power output of 400 MW and b. the thermal efficiency of the cycle. 4. A steam power plant operates on an ideal reheat– regenerative Rankine cycle and has a net power output of 80 MW. Steam enters the high-pressure turbine at 10 MPa and 550°C and leaves at 0.8 MPa. Some steam is extracted at this pressure to heat the feedwater in an open feedwater heater. The rest of the steam is reheated to 500°C and is expanded in the low-pressure turbine to the condenser pressure of 10 kPa. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram with respect to saturation lines, and determine: a. the mass flow rate of steam through the boiler and b. the thermal efficiency of the cycle. 5. Consider a cogeneration power plant that is modified with reheat and that produces 3 MW of power and supplies 7 MW of process heat. Steam enters the high-pressure turbine at 8 MPa and 500°C and expands to a pressure of 1 MPa. At this pressure, part of the steam is extracted from the turbine and routed to the process heater, while the remainder is reheated to 500°C and expanded in the low-pressure turbine to the condenser pressure of 15 kPa. The condensate from the condenser is pumped to 1 MPa and is mixed with the extracted steam, which leaves the process heater as a compressed liquid at 120°C. The mixture is then pumped to the boiler pressure. Assuming the turbine to be isentropic, show the cycle on a T-s diagram with respect to saturation lines, and disregarding pump work, determine a. the rate of heat input in the boiler and b. the fraction of steam extracted for process heating. 6. A steam power plant operates on an ideal reheat– regenerative Rankine cycle with one reheater and two feedwater heaters, one open and one closed. Steam enters the high- pressure turbine at 15 MPa and 600°C and the low pressure turbine at 1 MPa and 500°C. The condenser pressure is 5 kPa. Steam is extracted from the turbine at 0.6 MPa for the closed feedwater heater and at 0.2 MPa for the open feedwater heater. In the closed feedwater heater, the feedwater is heated to the condensation temperature of the extracted steam. The extracted steam leaves the closed feedwater heater as a saturated liquid, which is subsequently throttled to the open feedwater heater. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram with respect to saturation lines. Determine a. the fraction of steam extracted from the turbine for the open feedwater heater, b. the thermal efficiency of the cycle, and c. the net power output for a mass flow rate of 42 kg/s through the boiler.
