This document contains 17 problems related to modeling and analyzing steam power cycles. The problems involve calculating efficiencies, heat inputs, power outputs, mass flow rates and other parameters for simple Rankine, reheat Rankine, and regenerative Rankine cycles operating between given pressure and temperature limits. Diagrams and calculations are required to be shown on T-s diagrams with respect to steam tables.
This document contains 17 problems related to modeling and analyzing steam power cycles. The problems involve calculating efficiencies, heat inputs, power outputs, mass flow rates and other parameters for simple Rankine, reheat Rankine, and regenerative Rankine cycles operating between given pressure and temperature limits. Diagrams and calculations are required to be shown on T-s diagrams with respect to steam tables.
This document contains 17 problems related to modeling and analyzing steam power cycles. The problems involve calculating efficiencies, heat inputs, power outputs, mass flow rates and other parameters for simple Rankine, reheat Rankine, and regenerative Rankine cycles operating between given pressure and temperature limits. Diagrams and calculations are required to be shown on T-s diagrams with respect to steam tables.
This document contains 17 problems related to modeling and analyzing steam power cycles. The problems involve calculating efficiencies, heat inputs, power outputs, mass flow rates and other parameters for simple Rankine, reheat Rankine, and regenerative Rankine cycles operating between given pressure and temperature limits. Diagrams and calculations are required to be shown on T-s diagrams with respect to steam tables.
1- A steam power plant operates on a simple ideal Rankine cycle between the pressure limits of 3 MP and 50 kPa. The temperature of the steam at the turbine inlet is 300°C, and the mass flow rate of steam through the cycle is 35 kg/s. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram with respect to saturation lines, and determine (a) the thermal efficiency of the cycle and (b) the net power output of the power plant. 2- Consider a 210 MW steam power plant that operates on a simple ideal Rankine cycle. Steam enters the turbine at 10 MPa and 500°C and is cooled in the condenser at a pressure of 10 kPa. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram with respect to saturation lines, and determine (a) the quality of the steam at the turbine exit, (b) the thermal efficiency of the cycle, and (c) the mass flow rate of the steam. 3- Consider a coal-fired steam power plant that produces 300 MW of electric power. The power plant operates on a simple ideal Rankine cycle with turbine inlet conditions of 5 MPa and 450°C and a condenser pressure of 25 kPa. The coal has a heating value (energy released when the fuel is burned) of 29,300 kJ/kg. Assuming that 75 percent of this energy is transferred to the steam in the boiler and that the electric generator has an efficiency of 96 percent, determine (a) The overall plant efficiency (the ratio of net electric power output to the energy input as fuel) and (b) the required rate of coal supply. 4- Consider a steam power plant that operates on a simple ideal Rankine cycle and has a net power output of 45 MW. Steam enters the turbine at 7 MPa and 500°C and is cooled in the condenser at a pressure of 10 kPa by running cooling water from a lake through the tubes of the condenser at a rate of 2000 kg/s. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram with respect to saturation lines, and determine (a) the Damietta University Steam Technology Faculty of Engineering Sheet NO (01) Mechanical Engineering Dept. thermal efficiency of the cycle, (b) the mass flow rate of the steam, and
(c) The temperature rise of the cooling water.
5- Repeat Prob. 4 assuming an isentropic efficiency of 87 percent for both
the turbine and the pump.
The Reheat Rankine Cycle
6- Consider a steam power plant that operates on a reheat Rankine cycle and has a net power output of 80 MW. Steam enters the high-pressure turbine at 10 MPa and 500°C and the low-pressure turbine at 1 MPa and 500°C. Steam leaves the condenser as a saturated liquid at a pressure of 10 kPa. The isentropic efficiency of the turbine is 80 percent, and that of the pump is 95 percent. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram with respect to saturation lines, and determine (a) The quality (or temperature, if superheated) of the steam at the turbine exit, (b) the thermal efficiency of the cycle, and (c) the mass flow rate of the steam. 7- A steam power plant operates on an ideal reheat Rankine cycle between the pressure limits of 15 MPa and 10 kPa. The mass flow rate of steam through the cycle is 12 kg/s. Steam enters both stages of the turbine at 500°C. If the moisture content of the steam at the exit of the low-pressure turbine is not to exceed 10 percent, determine (a) the pressure at which reheating takes place, (b) the total rate of heat input in the boiler, and (c) the thermal efficiency of the cycle. Also, show the cycle on a T-s diagram with respect to saturation lines. 8- A steam power plant operates on the reheat Rankine cycle as shown in process flow diagram. Steam enters the high-pressure turbine at 12.5 MPa and 550°C at a rate of 7.7 kg/s and leaves at 2 MPa. Steam is then reheated at constant pressure to 450°C before it expands in the low-pressure turbine. The isentropic efficiencies of the turbine and the pump are 85 percent and 90 percent, Damietta University Steam Technology Faculty of Engineering Sheet NO (01) Mechanical Engineering Dept. respectively. Steam leaves the condenser as a saturated liquid. If the moisture content of the steam at the exit of the turbine is not to exceed 5 percent, determine (a) the condenser pressure,(b) the net power output, and (c) the thermal efficiency.
Regenerative Rankine Cycle
9- A steam power plant operates on an ideal regenerative Rankine cycle. Steam enters the turbine at 6 MPa and 450°C and is condensed in the condenser at 20 kPa. Steam is extracted from the turbine at 0.4 MPa to heat the feedwater in an open feedwater heater. Water leaves the feedwater heater as a saturated liquid. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram, and determine (a) the net work output per kilogram of steam flowing through the boiler and (b) the thermal efficiency of the cycle. Damietta University Steam Technology Faculty of Engineering Sheet NO (01) Mechanical Engineering Dept. 10- Repeat Prob. 9 by replacing the open feedwater heater with a closed feedwater heater. Assume that the feed- water leaves the heater at the condensation temperature of the extracted steam and that the extracted steam leaves the heater as a saturated liquid and is pumped to the line carrying the feedwater. 11- A steam power plant operates on an ideal regenerative Rankine cycle with two open feedwater heaters. Steam enters the turbine at 10 MPa and 600°C and exhausts to the condenser at 5 kPa. Steam is extracted from the turbine at 0.6 and 0.2 MPa. Water leaves both feedwater heaters as a saturated liquid. The mass flow rate of steam through the boiler is 22 kg/s. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram, and deter- mine (a) the net power output of the power plant and (b) the thermal efficiency of the cycle. 12- Consider an ideal steam regenerative Rankine cycle with two feedwater heaters, one closed and one open. Steam enters the turbine at 12.5 MPa and 550°C and exhausts to the condenser at 10 kPa. Steam is extracted from the turbine at 0.8 MPa for the closed feedwa- ter heater and at 0.3 MPa for the open one. The feedwater is heated to the condensation temperature of the extracted steam in the closed feedwater heater. The extracted steam leaves the closed feedwater heater as a saturated liquid, which is subse- quently throttled to the open feedwater heater. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram with respect to saturation lines, and deter- mine (a) the mass flow rate of steam through the boiler for a net power output of 250 MW and (b) the thermal efficiency of the cycle. Damietta University Steam Technology Faculty of Engineering Sheet NO (01) Mechanical Engineering Dept.
13- A steam power plant operates on an ideal reheat regenerative Rankine cycle and has a net power output of 80 MW. Steam enters the high-pressure turbine at 10 MPa and 550°C and leaves at 0.8 MPa. Some steam is extracted at this pressure to heat the feedwater in an open feedwater heater. The rest of the steam is reheated to 500°C and is expanded in the low-pressure turbine to the condenser pressure of 10 kPa. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram with respect to saturation lines, and determine (a) the mass flow rate of steam through the boiler and (b) the thermal efficiency of the cycle. 14- Repeat Prob. 13, but replace the open feedwater heater with a closed feedwater heater as shown in schematic diagram. Assume that the feed water leaves the heater at the condensation temperature of the extracted steam and that the extracted steam leaves the heater as a saturated liquid and is pumped to the line Damietta University Steam Technology Faculty of Engineering Sheet NO (01) Mechanical Engineering Dept. carrying the feedwater.
15- A steam power plant operates on the reheat regenerative Rankine cycle with a closed feedwater heater as shown in schematic diagram. Steam enters the turbine at 12.5 MPa and 550°C at a rate of 24 kg/s and is condensed in the condenser at a pressure of 20 kPa. Steam is reheated at 5 MPa to 550°C. Some steam is extracted from the low-pressure turbine at 1.0 MPa, is com- pletely condensed in the closed feedwater heater, and pumped to 12.5 MPa before it mixes with the feedwater at the same pressure. Assuming an isentropic efficiency of 88 percent for both the turbine and the pump, determine (a) the temperature of the steam at the inlet of the closed feedwater heater, (b) the mass flow rate of the steam extracted from the turbine for the closed feedwater heater, (c) the net power output, and (d ) the thermal efficiency. Damietta University Steam Technology Faculty of Engineering Sheet NO (01) Mechanical Engineering Dept.
16- Steam is generated in the boiler of a cogeneration plant at 10 MPa and 450°C at a steady rate of 5 kg/s. In normal operation, steam expands in a turbine to a pressure of 0.5 MPa and is then routed to the process heater, where it supplies the process heat. Steam leaves the process heater as a saturated liquid and is pumped to the boiler pressure. In this mode, no steam passes through the condenser, which operates at 20 kPa. (a) Determine the power produced and the rate at which process heat is supplied in this mode. (b) Determine the power produced and the rate of process heat supplied if only 60 percent of the steam is routed to the process heater and the remainder is expanded to the condenser pressure. Damietta University Steam Technology Faculty of Engineering Sheet NO (01) Mechanical Engineering Dept. 17- Consider a cogeneration power plant modified with regeneration shows in schematic diagram. Steam enters the turbine at 6 MPa and 450°C and expands to a pressure of 0.4 MPa. At this pressure, 60 percent of the steam is extracted from the turbine, and the remainder expands to 10 kPa. Part of the extracted steam is used to heat the feedwater in an open feedwater heater. The rest of the extracted steam is used for process heating and leaves the process heater as a saturated liquid at 0.4 MPa. It is subsequently mixed with the feedwater leaving the feedwater heater, and the mixture is pumped to the boiler pressure. Damietta University Steam Technology Faculty of Engineering Sheet NO (01) Mechanical Engineering Dept. 18- A cogeneration plant is to generate power and 8600 kJ/s of process heat. Consider an ideal cogeneration steam plant. Steam enters the turbine from the boiler at 7 MPa and 500°C. One-fourth of the steam is extracted from the turbine at 600-kPa pressure for process heating. The remainder of the steam continues to expand and exhausts to the condenser at 10 kPa. The steam extracted for the process heater is condensed in the heater and mixed with the feedwater at 600 kPa. The mixture is pumped to the boiler pressure of 7 MPa. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram with respect to saturation lines, and determine (a) the mass flow rate of steam that must be supplied by the boiler, (b) the net power produced by the plant, and (c) the utilization factor.
