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Chemistey Project

The document discusses trends in physical properties across the periodic table. It describes trends in atomic radius, ionic radius, ionization energy, electron gain enthalpy, and electronegativity. These properties generally decrease or increase based on position in the periodic table due to changes in atomic structure and nuclear charge.

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akshatraghuvanshi79
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72 views13 pages

Chemistey Project

The document discusses trends in physical properties across the periodic table. It describes trends in atomic radius, ionic radius, ionization energy, electron gain enthalpy, and electronegativity. These properties generally decrease or increase based on position in the periodic table due to changes in atomic structure and nuclear charge.

Uploaded by

akshatraghuvanshi79
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MUSKAN PUBLIC SCHOOL,

ASHOK NAGAR

ACADEMIC YEAR :2023-24

PROJECT REPORT ON
CHEMICAL PERIODICITY
NAME : Akshat Raghuvanshi, Kartik Raghuvanshi,
Jitendre Raghuvanshi, Depend Yadav
CLASS : XI 'Math/Bio'
SUBJECT : CHEMISTRY
SUB CODE : 043
PROJECT GUIDE : MR. DEVANSH TRIPATHI
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that cadets Akshat Raghuvanshi,


Depend Yadav, Jitendre Raghuvanshi, Kartik
Raghuvanshi successfully completed the Art
integrated project work on Chemical periodicity in
the subject chemistry (043) laid down in the
regulation of CBSE for purpose of Practical
Examination in class XI to be held in Muskan Public
School, Ashok Nagar.

External Examiner's Principal


Signature Signature/seal
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are wish to express with deep sense of gratitude and
indebtedness to our learn teacher, Mr. Devansh Tripathi
PGT Chemistry, Muskan public school, Ashok Nagar for
invaluable advice and guidance the preparation of this
project.
We are also greatly indebted to our Principal
Mr. Antony Jose and school authorities for making his
project work.
Finally, we are indebted to our family, friends and those
people who had helped us in completing this project.

Date: All Group Members


Chemistry
Mendeleev's periodic law

 "The properties of the elements are a


periodic function of their atomic weights."

 Mendeleev arranged elements in


horizontal rows and vertical columns of a
table in order of their increasing atomic
weights in such a way that the elements
with similar properties occupied the
same vertical column or group .
Division of Periodic Table

 S-Block Elements : The elements of group 1 and 2 which


have ns1 and ns2 outermost electronic configuration belong to
the s-block elements and these are also highly electropositive
elements.
 P-Block Elements : The elements of group 13 to 18 which
have [ ns2np1 to ns2np6 ] outermost electronic configuration
belong to the p-block elements . These elements are
generally non-metals' they can acidic oxides and
have high ionization potential energy, These are also known
as representative element .
 D-Block Elements :These are the elements of group 3
to 12 in the center of the table. And have [ (n-1)d1-10
ns1-2 ] outermost electronic configuration, these
elements shows variable valency and form complex
compound. These element are also known as transition
elements.

 F-Block Elements :These are elements which belongs to


the bottom of the periodic table, called the lanthanoids
and actinoids . And have [ (n-2)f1-14 (n-1)d0-1 ns2 ]
outermost electronic configuration, these element also
shows variable valency, form ionic compounds and give
coloreds ions. And also known as inner-transition
elements.
Trends in
physical properties

We will be studying,
1) Atomic radius.
2) Ionic radius.
3) Ionization enthalpy.
4) Electron gain enthalpy.
5) Electronegativity.
Atomic Size or Radius
• It is defined as the distance between the
center of nucleus and the outermost shell of
electrons.
• The atomic size generally decreases across a
period as for the element of the second
period. It is because within the period the
outer most electrons are in the
same valence shell and the atomic
number increases.
• This result in increased attraction between
nucleus and the electron. It
also decreases from left to right
as principal quantum number increases.
• It also increases down a group as the number
of shells increases.
Ionic radius

• The effective distance from the center of the


nucleus of an ion up to which it has an
influence on its electron cloud is called ionic
radius.
• This is due to electron repulsion.
• Ionic radii decrease gradually on moving
from left to right in a period. The size of
atom and ion decrease with increase in nuclear
charge.
• Ionic radius gradually increase
on moving down the group, it is due to the
addition of new orbit in an atom.
Ionization Enthaply or Potential
• It is the minimum energy required to remove an electron
from the ground state of the isolated atom.
• FIRST IONIZATION ENERGY(I1) - energy needed to
remove the (outermost electron); I1 < I2< I3
*Small atoms are expected to have high IE because their
valence electron are nearer and more strongly attracted to
the nucleus.
• TRENDS: within each group, IE with increasing atomic
number due to the in size.
• And within each period, IE with increasing atomic
number due to increase in Zeff
Electron gain enthalpy

• It is energy that is released when an isolated atom gain


an electron and converts into an anion . This energy is
called electron gain enthalpy.
• 1st Electron gain enthalpy is always negative, but 2nd
Electron gain enthalpy is always positive.
• Its decrease on moving down to group, due to size of
element increase and the effective nuclear charge
decreases.
• And increase on moving left to right in a period, due to
decrease in atomic radius.
Electronegativity
• It is an ability in a chemical compound to attract shared
electrons to itself.
• It is increase across a period from left to right and
decrease down a group in a period table.

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