APPLIED PHYSICS LAB REPORT
SUBMITTED TO: HASEEN ULLAH JAN
SUBMITTED BY: SHARIQ ALI
REGISTRATION NO: 21PWCHE1567
DEPARTMENT: CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
SEMESTER: 2nd
SECTION: “B”
University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar
Verification OHM’S Law
AIM:
To verify the ohm’s law and hence determine the unknown resistance of the given
material of the wire.
APPARATUS:
1. Battery
2. Ammeter
3. Voltmeter
4. Rheostat
5. Plug key
6. Coil of unknown substance
7. Connecting wire.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
PROCEDURE:
1. The circuit is connected as per the circuit diagram.
2. The plug key is inserted and the rheostat is adjusted so that a definite amount of current
(I) flows in the circuit. This value of current is recorded.
3. As the current flows through the unknown resistance a potential difference is developed
which is read from voltmeter (V).
4. The procedure is again adjusted to a different value of current (I) and the corresponding
(V) values are noted down.
5. The procedure is repeated for at least 5-6 current readings and for voltage also.
6. A tabular column is drawn and the readings of I and V are tabulated.
7. Graph of V Vs I is down. A straight line is obtained.
8. The slope of the graph is found out. The slope gives the resistance (R) of the unknown
resistance.
READING TABLE:
[Link] V I V=I/R
.
1. 1.5V 20mA (1.5/0.020)= 75
2. 2V 25mA (2/0.025)= 80
3. 2.5V 30mA (2.5/0.030)= 83.33
4. 3V 40mA (3/0.040)= 75
5. 3.5V 60mA (3.5/0.060)= 58.33
PRECAUTIONS:
1. All the connections must be very tight.
2. Record the current at the regular interval of voltage.
3. While changing the voltage, rheostat must be move in one direction only.
4. Lest count of voltmeter and ammeter must be properly calculated.
5. Do not pass a large current through the resistance.
6. While measuring the voltage and current the needle of meters should not move out of
the scale.
SONOMETER
AIM:
To determine the frequency of alternating current using a sonometer and an
electromagnet.
APPARATUS:
1. Sonometer with a soft iron wire stretched over it
2. Electromagnet
3. Step-down transformer
4. Physical balance
5. Two sharp edge wedges
6. Weight box.
PRINCIPLE OF SONOMETER:
The frequency n of the fundamental mode of vibration of a
stretched string, fixed at two ends, is given by
n= 2l1 √ T
M
Here l is the length of the vibrating string, T is the tension in the wire and m is its mass per unit
length. If an alternating current is passed in the coil of the electromagnet, the magnetization
produced in the core is proportional to instantaneous value of the current. If the electromagnet
is held close to the middle of the sonometer wire, the wire will be attracted twice during each
cycle towards the electromagnet. The attractive force experienced by the wire will be
proportional to the magnetization produced in the core of the electromagnet. Since in each
cycle, the wire will be pulled twice and hence at resonance, it will vibrate with a frequency
which is twice the frequency of alternating current. Hence, if f is the frequency of the
alternating current, then
n 1
√
f= 2 = 4 l = T
M
PROCEDURE:
1. Set up the sonometer and stretch the wire AB by placing a load of ½ kg on the hanger.
2. Support the electromagnet in a stand and connect it to the secondary of a stepdown
transformer. Adjust its position, such that its one pole lies close to the middle of the
sonometer wire.
3. Switch on the alternating current supply and adjust the length of vibrating portion of AB
by sliding the wedge W or W′. Make this adjustment until the amplitude of the vibrating
string is maximum.
4. Measure the vibrating length and note the tension in the string.
5. Increase the load in steps of ½ kg and each time find the vibrating length.
6. Switch off the ac supply. Untie the wire of the sonometer from its peg and find its mass
in a physical balance. Calculate mass of 100 cm sonometer wire. Hence find the mass
per unit length, m for the wire.
DIAGRAM:
