Calculus Paper-1-1 [370 marks]

Consider a function f with domain a < x < b. The following diagram shows the
graph of f' , the derivative of f .

The graph of f', the derivative of f , has x-intercepts at x = p, x = 0 and x = t .

There are local maximum points at x = q and x = t and a local minimum point at
x = r.

1a. Find all the values of x where the graph of f is increasing. Justify your [2 marks]
answer.
1b. Find the value of x where the graph of f has a local maximum. [1 mark]

1c. Find the value of x where the graph of f has a local minimum. Justify [2 marks]
your answer.

1d. Find the values of x where the graph of f has points of inflexion. Justify [3 marks]
your answer.

'
1e. The total area of the region enclosed by the graph of f' , the derivative of[6 marks]
f , and the x-axis is 20.
Given that f(p)+f(t)= 4, find the value of f(0).
2a. Prove by mathematical induction that [7 marks]
dn (x2 ex )=[x2
d xn
+ 2nx + n(n − 1)]ex for n ∈ Z+ .

2
2b. Hence or otherwise, determine the Maclaurin series of f(x)= x2 ex in [3 marks]
ascending powers of x, up to and including the term in x4 .

2c. lim 3
[4 marks]
Hence or otherwise, determine the value of x→0[ ].
( x2ex−x2 )
x9

d 2
3. Solve the differential equation d y = ln2x − 2y
, x > 0, given that y = 4 [7 marks]
dx x2 x
1
at x = 2 .

Give your answer in the form y = f(x).

1
Q
 1
Consider the expression − √1 − x where a ∈ Q, a ≠ 0.
√1+ax
The binomial expansion of this expression, in ascending powers of x, as far as the
term in x2 is 4bx + bx2 , where b ∈ Q .

4a. Find the value of a and the value of b . [6 marks]

4b. State the restriction which must be placed on x for this expansion to be [1 mark]
valid.

2
 Consider the functions f(x)= −(x − h)2 + 2k and g(x)= ex−2 + k where
h, k ∈ R.

5a. Find f'(x). [1 mark]

The graphs of f and g have a common tangent at x = 3.

5b. Show that h e+6 [3 marks]

= 2 .

e2
5c. Hence, show that k = e2 [3 marks]
e+ 4
.

Let y= ln x for x > 0.

x4

6a. Show that d y = 1−4ln x

. [3 marks]
dx x5
 Consider the function defined by f(x) ln4x for x > 0 and its graph y = f(x).
x

6b. The graph of f has a horizontal tangent at point P. Find the coordinates [5 marks]
of P .

20ln −9
6c. Given that f 20ln x−9 [3 marks]
''(x)= x6
, show that P is a local maximum point.

6d. Solve f(x)> 0 for x > 0. [2 marks]

6e. Sketch the graph of f , showing clearly the value of the x-intercept and [3 marks]
the approximate position of point P .

2
 Consider the function f defined by f(x) = ln(x2 − 16) for x > 4.
The following diagram shows part of the graph of f which crosses the x-axis at
point A, with coordinates (a, 0). The line L is the tangent to the graph of f at the
point B.

7a. Find the exact value of a . [3 marks]

1
7b. Given that the gradient of L is 1 , find the x-coordinate of B. [6 marks]
3

( ) = 6 + 6 cos 0≤ ≤4
 Consider the function f defined by f(x) = 6 + 6 cos x, for 0 ≤ x ≤ 4π.
The following diagram shows the graph of y = f(x).

The graph of f touches the x-axis at points A and B, as shown. The shaded region
is enclosed by the graph of y = f(x) and the x-axis, between the points A and B.

8a. Find the x-coordinates of A and B. [3 marks]

12
8b. Show that the area of the shaded region is 12π. [5 marks]

12
 The right cone in the following diagram has a total surface area of 12π, equal to
the shaded area in the previous diagram.
The cone has a base radius of 2, height h, and slant height l.

8c. Find the value of l. [3 marks]

8d. Hence, find the volume of the cone. [4 marks]
 Particle A travels in a straight line such that its displacement, s metres, from a
fixed origin after t seconds is given by s(t) = 8t − t2 , for 0 ≤ t ≤ 10, as shown in
the following diagram.

Particle A starts at the origin and passes through the origin again when t = p.

9a. Find the value of p. [2 marks]

=
 Particle A changes direction when t = q.

9b. Find the value of q. [2 marks]

9c. Find the displacement of particle A from the origin when t = q. [2 marks]

9d. Find the distance of particle A from the origin when t = 10. [2 marks]
 The total distance travelled by particle A is given by d.

9e. Find the value of d. [2 marks]

9f. A second particle, particle B, travels along the same straight line such [4 marks]
that its velocity is given by v(t) = 14 − 2t, for t ≥ 0.
When t = k, the distance travelled by particle B is equal to d.
Find the value of k.

( )= √1 + > −1
 Let f(x)= √1 + x for x > −1.

10a. Show that f 1 [3 marks]

''(x)= − 3
.
4√ ( 1+x )
10b. Use mathematical induction to prove that [9 marks]
1
1 n−1 ( 2n−3 ) ! 2 −n
f ( n ) (x)= (− 4
) ( n−2 ) !
(1 + x) for n ∈ Z, n ≥ 2.

( )= emx , ∈Q
10c. Let g(x)= emx , m ∈ Q. [8 marks]
Consider the function h defined by h(x)= f(x)×g(x) for x > −1.
It is given that the x2 term in the Maclaurin series for h(x) has a coefficient of 74 .

Find the possible values of m .

lim
11. lim [5 marks]
Use l’Hôpital’s rule to find x→0( arctan2
tan3
x ).
x

−2
 The acceleration, a ms −2 , of a particle moving in a horizontal line at time t
seconds, t ≥ 0, is given by a = −(1 + v) where v ms −1 is the particle’s velocity
and v > −1.
At t = 0, the particle is at a fixed origin O and has initial velocity v0 ms−1 .

12a. By solving an appropriate differential equation, show that the particle’s [6 marks]
velocity at time t is given by v(t) = (1 + v0 )e−t − 1.

O
 Initially at O , the particle moves in the positive direction until it reaches its
maximum displacement from O . The particle then returns to O .
Let s metres represent the particle’s displacement from O and smax its maximum
displacement from O .

12b. Show that the time T taken for the particle to reach smax satisfies the [2 marks]
equation eT = 1 + v0 .
12c. By solving an appropriate differential equation and using the result from[5 marks]
part (b) (i), find an expression for smax in terms of v0 .

( − )
 Let v(T − k) represent the particle’s velocity k seconds before it reaches smax ,
where
v(T − k) =(1 + v0 )e−(T −k) − 1.

12d. By using the result to part (b) (i), show that v(T − k)= ek − 1. [2 marks]

Similarly, let v(T + k) represent the particle’s velocity k seconds after it reaches
smax .

12e. Deduce a similar expression for v(T + k) in terms of k. [2 marks]

( − )+ ( + )≥ 0
12f. Hence, show that v(T − k)+v(T + k)≥ 0. [3 marks]

, ∈R
 The lines l1 and l2 have the following vector equations where λ, μ ∈ R.
⎛ 3 ⎞ ⎛ 2 ⎞
l1 : r1 =⎜ 2 ⎟+λ⎜ −2 ⎟
⎝ −1 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠

⎛2⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞
l2 : r2 =⎜ 0 ⎟+μ⎜ −1 ⎟
⎝4⎠ ⎝ 1 ⎠

13. By using the substitution u = sin x cos x [7 marks]

sin x, find ∫ d x.
sin2 x−sin x−2
 k
The following diagram shows part of the graph of f(x)= x
, for x > 0, k > 0.

Let P(p, kp ) be any point on the graph of f . Line L1 is the tangent to the graph of
f at P.

14a. Find f'(p) in terms of k and p. [2 marks]

14b. Show that the equation of L1 is kx + p2 y − 2pk = 0. [2 marks]

A(2 , 0)
 Line L1 intersects the x-axis at point A(2p, 0) and the y-axis at point B.

14c. Find the area of triangle AOB in terms of k. [5 marks]

14d. 4 [6 marks]
The graph of f is translated by ( ) to give the graph of g.
3
In the following diagram:
point Q lies on the graph of g
points C, D and E lie on the vertical asymptote of g
points D and F lie on the horizontal asymptote of g
point G lies on the x-axis such that FG is parallel to DC.
Line L2 is the tangent to the graph of g at Q, and passes through E and F.
Given that triangle EDF and rectangle CDFG have equal areas, find the gradient
of L 2 in terms of p.

( )= √12 − 2 , ≤
 Letf(x)= √12 − 2x, x ≤ a. The following diagram shows part of the graph of f .
The shaded region is enclosed by the graph of f , the x-axis and the y-axis.

The graph of f intersects the x-axis at the point (a, 0).

15a. Find the value of a . [2 marks]

15b. Find the volume of the solid formed when the shaded region is revolved [5 marks]
360° about the x-axis.

(ln 4, 20)
16. The graph of a function f passes through the point (ln 4, 20). [7 marks]

Given that f'(x)= 6e2x , find f(x).

 In this question, all lengths are in metres and time is in seconds.
Consider two particles, P1 and P2 , which start to move at the same time.
Particle P1 moves in a straight line such that its displacement from a fixed-point is
given by s(t)= 10 − 74 t2 , for t ≥ 0.

17a. Find an expression for the velocity of P1 at time t. [2 marks]

17b. ParticleP2 also moves in a straight line. The position of P2 is given by [5 marks]
−1 4
r =( )+t( ).
6 −3
The speed of P1 is greater than the speed of P2 when t > q.
Find the value of q.

2
 Consider the curve C defined by y 2 = sin (xy), y ≠ 0.

18a. dy ycos ( xy ) [5 marks]

Show that d
x
= 2y−x cos ( xy )
.

d
18b. Prove that, when dy = 0 , y = ±1. [5 marks]
dx

0< <4
18c. Hence find the coordinates of all points on C, for 0 < x < 4π, where [5 marks]
dy
dx
= 0.

−5
Consider the function defined by f(x)= kx− , where x ∈ R \ {k} and k2 ≠ 5.
x k

19a. State the equation of the vertical asymptote on the graph of y = f(x). [1 mark]

= ( )
19b. State the equation of the horizontal asymptote on the graph of y = f(x). [1 mark]

19c. Use an algebraic method to determine whether f is a self-inverse [4 marks]

function.

=3
 Consider the case where k = 3.

19d. Sketch the graph of y = f(x), stating clearly the equations of any [3 marks]
asymptotes and the coordinates of any points of intersections with the coordinate
axes.

= ( )
19e. The region bounded by the x-axis, the curve y = f(x), and the lines [6 marks]
x = 5 and x = 7 is rotated through 2π about the x-axis. Find the volume of the
solid generated, giving your answer in the form π(a + b ln 2) , where a, b ∈ Z.

2
20. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve y = e2x – 3x at the point [5 marks]
where x = 0.

( )= x + , , ∈ R, > 1 A (0, )
 Let g (x) = px + q, for x,p,q ∈ R,p > 1. The point A (0,a) lies on the graph of g.
Let f (x) = g −1 (x). The point B lies on the graph of f and is the reflection of
point A in the line y = x.

21a. Write down the coordinates of B. [2 marks]

B
 The line L1 is tangent to the graph of f at B.

1
21b. Given that f ′ (a) = ln p
, find the equation of L1 in terms of x, p and q.[5 marks]

21c. The lineL2 is tangent to the graph of g at A and has equation [7 marks]
y = (ln p) x + q + 1.
(−2, − 2)
The line L2 passes through the point (−2, − 2).
1
The gradient of the normal to g at A is .
ln( 13 )

Find the equation of L1 in terms of x.

3
 A small cuboid box has a rectangular base of length 3x cm and width x cm, where
x > 0. The height is y cm, where y > 0.

The sum of the length, width and height is 12 cm.

22a. Write down an expression for y in terms of x. [1 mark]

The volume of the box is V cm3.

22b. Find an expression for V in terms of x. [2 marks]

22c. Find dV . [2 marks]
dx

22d. Find the value of x for which V is a maximum. [4 marks]

22e. Justify your answer. [3 marks]

22f. Find the maximum volume. [2 marks]

2 −4
 2x−4
Consider f (x) = , − 1 < x < 1.
x2−1

23a. Find f ′ (x). [2 marks]

23b. Show that, if f ′ (x) = 0, then x = 2 − √3. [3 marks]

= ( )
 For the graph of y = f (x),

23c. find the coordinates of the y-intercept. [1 mark]

23d. show that there are no x-intercepts. [2 marks]

23e. sketch the graph, showing clearly any asymptotic behaviour. [2 marks]

3 1 2 −4
23f. Show that 3 1 2x−4 [2 marks]
x+1
− x−1
= x2−1
.

= ( ) =4
23g. The area enclosed by the graph of y = f (x) and the line y = 4 can be [7 marks]
expressed as ln v. Find the value of v.

ln
24. Given that ∫ ln k e2x dx = 12, find the value of k. [6 marks]
0

25a. Write 2x − x2 in the form a(x − h)2 + k, where a, h, k ∈ R. [2 marks]

3
 3
25b. 1 [5 marks]
Hence, find the value of ∫ 1
2
dx.
2 √ 2x− x2

′ −3
26. The derivative of a function f is given by f ′ (x) = 2e−3x . The graph of f [5 marks]
passes through ( 13 , 5).
Find f(x).
 A particle P starts from point O and moves along a straight line. The graph of its
velocity, v ms−1 after t seconds, for 0 ≤ t ≤ 6 , is shown in the following diagram.

The graph of v has t-intercepts when t = 0, 2 and 4.

The function s (t) represents the displacement of P from O after t seconds.
It is known that P travels a distance of 15 metres in the first 2 seconds. It is also
4
known that s (2) = s (5) and ∫2 v dt = 9.

27a. Find the value of s (4) − s (2). [2 marks]

27b. Find the total distance travelled in the first 5 seconds. [5 marks]

3
 3
Let y= (x3 + x) .
2

28a. Hence find ∫ (3x2 + 1) √x3 + x dx. [3 marks]

2
 Consider the functions f (x) = √x3 + x and g (x) = 6 − 3x2 √x3 + x, for x ≥ 0.
The graphs of f and g are shown in the following diagram.

The shaded region R is enclosed by the graphs of f , g, the y-axis and x = 1.

28b. Write down an expression for the area of R. [2 marks]

28c. Hence find the exact area of R. [6 marks]

3
 Let θ be an obtuse angle such that sin θ = 35 .

29a. Find the value of tan θ. [4 marks]

tan
29b. Line L passes through the origin and has a gradient of tan θ. Find the [2 marks]
equation of L .

3
 3x
Let f (x) = ex sin x − 4
.

29c. The following diagram shows the graph of f for 0 ≤ x ≤ 3. Line M is a [4 marks]
tangent to the graph of f at point P.

Given that M is parallel to L, find the x-coordinate of P.

30. A camera at point C is 3 m from the edge of a straight section of road as [6 marks]
shown in the following diagram. The camera detects a car travelling
along the road at t = 0. It then rotates, always pointing at the car, until the car
passes O, the point on the edge of the road closest to the camera.
A car travels along the road at a speed of 24 ms−1. Let the position of the car be X
and let OCX = θ.
Find ddθ , the rate of rotation of the camera, in radians per second, at the instant
t
the car passes the point O .
3 2 3
31. Find the coordinates of the points on the curve y 3 + 3xy 2 − x3 = 27 at [9 marks]
dy
which d
x
= 0.

= ′( )
 The graph of y = f ′ (x), 0 ≤ x ≤ 5 is shown in the following diagram. The curve
intercepts the x-axis at (1, 0) and (4, 0) and has a local minimum at (3, −1).

32a. Write down the x-coordinate of the point of inflexion on the graph of [1 mark]
y = f (x).

= ′( )
 The shaded area enclosed by the curve y = f ′ (x), the x-axis and the y-axis is
0.5. Given that f (0) = 3,

32b. find the value of f (1). [3 marks]

The area enclosed by the curve y = f ′ (x) and the x-axis between x = 1 and
x = 4 is 2.5 .

32c. find the value of f (4). [2 marks]

= ( )
32d. Sketch the curve y = f (x), 0 ≤ x ≤ 5 indicating clearly the coordinates [3 marks]
of the maximum and minimum points and any intercepts with the coordinate
axes.

33a. Show that (sin x + cos x)2 = 1 + sin 2x. [2 marks]

cos +sin
33b. Show that sec 2x + tan 2x = cos x+sin x . [4 marks]
cos x−sin x

π
33c. π
[9 marks]
Hence or otherwise find ∫06 (sec 2x + tan 2x) dx in the form
ln (a + √b) where a, b ∈ Z.

3
34. Using the substitution cos 3x dx [5 marks]
u = sin x, find ∫ .
√sin x

πxy
 The curve C is given by the equation y = x tan ( πx4 y ).

35a. At the point (1, 1) , show that dy = 2+π

. [5 marks]
dx 2−π

35b. Hence find the equation of the normal to C at the point (1, 1). [2 marks]
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