Grade 11 Biology: Cellular Respiration
Uploaded by
jeremygalazo0Grade 11 Biology: Cellular Respiration
Uploaded by
jeremygalazo0CELLULAR RESPIRATION
(Chemical Events)
For General Biology 1 / Grade 11
Quarter 2 / Week 5
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OBJECTIVE:
K: Describe the major features of cellular respiration
S: Explain the chemical events of the cellular respiration
A: Explain the importance of Cellular respiration to our daily life.
LEARNING COMPETENCY
Explain the major features and sequence the
chemical events of the cellular respiration.
STEM_BIO11/12- IIa-j-7
I. WHAT HAPPENED
Challenge Yourself
Activity 1: Essay
Direction: Answer the following question. Write your
answer in the notebook.
1. Do you think your body is able to use all the
glucose you have consumed in your meal? How much is
the sugar content in your average meal?
II. WHAT I NEED TO KNOW
Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration is the process that breaks down
food molecules, usually in the form of glucose, to turn into
carbon dioxide and water. The chemical equation for
cellular respiration is C6H12O6 + 6O2 -6H2O + 6CO2. This is
the reverse chemical reaction of photosynthesis. However,
it undergoes a different process. In cellular respiration,
ATP is produced to be used in all cellular processes that
require energy.
This chemical equation of cellular respiration is also a
redox reaction. Because glucose has lost an electron, it
is
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said to be oxidized. Meanwhile, oxygen has gained some
electrons, so it is said to be reduced.
Also, note that hydrogen atom is made up of a
hydrogen ion and a free electron, and thus, when these
hydrogen atoms are removed from glucose, the same
happens to the electron. Similarly, when hydrogen atoms
are added to oxygen, so are the electrons.
Glucose is a high-energy molecule, whereas carbon
dioxide and water are low-energy ,molecules. In the
chemical equation, the breakdown of glucose to produce
carbon dioxide and water releases energy. This is the
energy used in producing ATP.
In cellular respiration in humans, up to 36 ATP molecules can be produced with the input of oxygen and
glucose in the cells.
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In cellular respiration, the energy released from the
breakdown of glucose happens gradually. If the
breakdown happens all the same time, so much energy
will be wasted as unused heat. Depending on certain
conditions, cellular respiration can create up to an average
yield of 36-38 ATP molecules, which is about 39% of the
energy originally stored in glucose. This is already
considered efficient, as compared to other processes such
as the conversion of solar energy to electricity, which is
only 15% efficient.
NAD+ and FAD
These are many metabolic reactions involved in
cellular respiration, and each is catalyzed by its own
enzymes. One important example is nicotinamide
adenine dinucleotide ( NAD+), which is coenzyme in the
redox reaction. During oxidation, NAD + accepts two
electrons and a hydrogen ion,
producing NADH. The high-energy electrons received by
NAD+ are transported to the ETC. Cells need just a little
amount of NAD+ because it is used over and over
again.
Another significant coenzyme in the redox reaction is
flavin adenine dinucleotide ( FAD ). Depending on the
conditions
where NAD+ cannot be used, cells use FAD instead to
accept two electrons and two hydrogen ions to become
FADH2. Both NAD+ and FAD are important electron carriers
(coenzymes) in cellular respiration.
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NADH and FADH2 give off two hydrogen ions and two electrons upon oxidation. These electrons will play
an important role in cellular respiration later on.
Purpose of Cellular Respiration
All cells need to be able to obtain and transport
energy to power their life functions. For cells to
continue living, they must be able to operate essential
machinery, such as
pumps in their cell membranes which maintain the
cell’s internal environment in a way that’s suitable for life.
The most common “energy currency” of cells is ATP
– a molecule which stores a lot of energy. In its
phosphate bonds. These bonds can be broken to
release that energy and bring about changes to other
molecules, such as those needed to power cell
membrane pumps.
Because ATP is not stable over long periods of time,
it is not used for long term energy storage.
Instead, sugars and fats are used as a long-term form of
storage, and cells must
constantly process those molecules to produce new
ATP. This is the process of respiration.
The process of aerobic respiration produces a huge
amount of ATP from each molecule of sugar. In fact, each
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molecule of sugar digested by a plant or animal cell yields
36
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molecules of ATP! By comparison, fermentation usually
only produces 2-4 molecules of ATP.
Anaerobic respiration processes used by bacteria
and archaebacteria yield smaller amounts of ATP, but
they can take place without oxygen. Below, we’ll discuss
how different types of cellular respiration produce ATP.
Types of Cellular Respiration
Aerobic respiration is the process by which organisms use
oxygen to turn fuel, such as fats and sugars, into chemical
energy. In contrast, anaerobic respiration does not use
oxygen.
Respiration is used by all cells to turn fuel into energy that
can be used to power cellular processes. The product of
respiration is a molecule called adenosine triphosphate
(ATP), which uses the energy stored in its phosphate
bonds to power chemical reactions. It is often referred to
as the “currency” of the cell.
Aerobic respiration is much more efficient, and produces
ATP much more quickly, than anaerobic respiration. This is
because oxygen is an excellent electron acceptor for the
chemical reactions involved in generating ATP.
Source: https://biologydictionary.net/aerobic-respiration/
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Overall Equation
The equation for aerobic respiration describes the reactants
and products of all of its steps, including glycolysis. That
equation is:
1 glucose + 6 O2 → 6 CO2+ 6 H2O + 38 ATP
In summary, 1 molecule of six-carbon glucose and 6 molecules
of oxygen are converted into 6 molecules of carbon dioxide, 6
molecules of water, and 38 molecules of ATP.
Anaerobic respiration is the type of respiration through which
cells can break down sugars to generate energy in the absence
of oxygen. This is in contrast to the highly efficient process of
aerobic respiration, which relies on oxygen to produce energy.
Molecular oxygen is the most efficient electron acceptor for
respiration, due to its high affinity for electrons. However, some
organisms have evolved to use other final electron acceptors,
and as such, can perform respiration without oxygen.
Source: https://biologydictionary.net/anaerobic-respiration/
Instead of oxygen, anaerobic cells use substances such as
sulfate, nitrate, sulfur, and fumarate to drive their cellular
respiration. Many cells can perform either aerobic or anaerobic
respiration, depending on whether oxygen is available.
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III. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
Evaluation:
Part
I:
MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the letter of the correct answer
and write in your notebook.
1. It is the process that breaks down food molecules, usually in
the form of glucose, to turn into carbon dioxide and water.
A. Chemical Respiration C. Photosynthesis
B. Cellular Respiration D. ATP
2. In cellular respiration, is produced to be used in all
cellular processes that require energy.
A. Oxygen C. Sugar
B. Glucose D. ATP
3. The chemical equation of cellular respiration is also a
reaction.
A. Chemical C. Redox
B. Electrical D. Physical
4. It is the type of respiration through which cells can break
down sugars to generate energy in the absence of oxygen.
A. Aerobic Respiration C. Chemical Respiration
B. Anaerobic respiration D. Cellular Respiration
5. It is the process by which organisms use oxygen to turn
fuel, such as fats and sugars, into chemical energy.
A. Aerobic Respiration C. Chemical Respiration
B. Anaerobic respiration D. Cellular Respiratio
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