Control Valve Training

For
Advance Agro Public Company Limited

บริษัท สุวรรณภูมิ คอนโทรล จํากัด SAMSON CONTROLS LTD.

Suvarnabhumi Kontrols Co.,Ltd.

Suraphol Khamsupha Junlanop Chantabunyakul

Wiraya Srisawang Chaiyapuak Poolapanusorn
Suthep Panyos Jakkapong Khempetch

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 Control valve Training For Advance Agro

The advantage of different types of control valves

How to make the right valve selection?

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 1. What is a Control Valve?
• There is no universally
accepted definition

• Valve with external actuator

• Modulates or throttles flow

• Operates via signal from

process controller.

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 Automated Self regulator
on-off

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 2. Types of Control valves

Quarter turn valves

Linear valves
(Rotary)

๏ษ แ

Diaphragm and
Centric Eccentric Globe valves
hose valves

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 Types of Control Valves
Pineh Vawe
• Linear Valve งแe Valve

– Globe #
– Gate *
– Pinch 1#

Gate Valve

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 Globe Valve (Linear)

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 Knife and gate valves

Kniferalve

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 Quarter turn valves
Centric Eccentric
Ball valves Rotary plug valves
Segment valves Butterfly valves
Butterfly valves Segment valves

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 Ball valves Multi-Port Valves

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 Segment valves

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 Segment valves
Concentric, Eccentric Plug V-Port Segment

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 Concentric Valve Action Eccentric Valve Action

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 V-Port Segment Concentric,
Valve Eccentric Plug valve

Common
Applications:
• Clean & Dirty Media
• Corrosive Media
• Viscous Liquids
• Steam
• Scaling Media

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 Butterfly valves

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16 29/06/48
 3. The advantages of different types of
control valves
Quarter turn Linear valves
• low emissions • high pressure
• good tightness drop
• high capacity • small flows
• high rangeability
• size
• different mediums

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 Different valves for different needs
PRESSURE RATING / DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE CAPABILITY

GLOBE VALVES

BALL VALVES

ECC. PLUG VALVES

SEGMENTED BALL

BUTTERFLY VALVES

CAPACITY

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 Summary
Globe cage
Globe seat guided guided Ball / Segment Rotary plug Butterfly

Price high high medium medium low

Weight high high avarage avarage low
Capacity compared 1X 1X 6 X/ 3 X 1X 2X
to nominal size
Cavitation resistance avarage avarage/high avarage/high avarage/high avarage
Fixable on the line yes yes yes no no
Inherent Cv curve =%, Linear, quick =%, Linear, quick =% modified linear modified =%
opening opening
Cavitation and noise no yes yes, depends yes, depends yes, depends
reduction options manufacturer manufacturer manufacturer
High pressure drops limited yes limited limited limited
Dirty medium yes no yes yes yes
Muddy medium limited no yes yes limited
Pulp no no yes no limited

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 4. Construction of Control valves

Positioner

Limit switch

Actuator

Bracket
Solenoid valve

Manual Automated on-off Control valve

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 • A control valve consists of three
major components:
–Body - pressure containing vessel
–Actuator - external device to affect
position of trim
–Trim - internal components that
regulate the flowing media

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 Body
• Pressure containing vessel that encloses trim
components
• Typically consists of main body, bonnet and packing
assembly
• ANSI B16.34 is common standard used for design

Closing direction

Direction of flow

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 าน

. r s
nrwn

Full Port Standard Port

1” Full Port = 1 ¼” Standard Port

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ด้
 Actuator
• Provides mechanical force to
operate valve

• Most common type is

Scotch-Yoke, Cracnk &
linkage, Rack & Pinion and
Spring diaphragm

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 The Anodizing Process

Aluminum anodizing is the electrochemical process by which aluminum is converted into

aluminum oxide on the surface of a part. This coating is desirable in specific applications
due to the following properties:
•Increased corrosion resistance
•Increased durability / wear resistance
•Ability to be colored through dying
•Electrical insulation
•Excellent base or primer for secondary coatings

The process of anodizing is rather simple. It consists of an anodizing solution typically

made up of sulfuric acid. A cathode is connected to the negative terminal of a voltage
source and placed in the solution. An aluminum component is connected to the positive
terminal of the voltage source and also place in the solution. When the circuit is turned on
the oxygen in the anodizing solution will be liberated from the water molecules and
combine with the aluminum on the part forming an aluminum oxide coating.

Types of Anodizing
Over the last several decades a variety of anodizing processes have been developed.
However, there have been three main variations of aluminum anodizing: chromic
anodizing, sulfuric anodizing, and hardcoat anodizing. Each of these has advantages and
disadvantages depending on the application.

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 Trim
• Globe trim includes
plug, seat, stem,
guides, bushings and
cages.
• Rotary trim includes
plug, ball, disc, seat,
stem and bearings.
• Stem packing is
sometimes considered
part of the trim

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 actuator

bonnet
actuator
stem

plug
valve stem
body
plug
seat

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 Flow characteristics.
Equal percent. Equal
percentage is an inherent flow All rotary control valves modify the flow
characteristic in which a given of a fluid that passes through the varying
percentage change of valve travel flow opening (orifice) as the valve's
will produce an equal percentage closure element (ball, plug, disc) rotates
change in the existing flow in response to a control signal.
coefficient. Depending upon the design of the valve
the change in flow may be defined in one
Linear. A linear flow of the following ways:
characteristic is an inherent
characteristic where equal
increments of travel produce
equal increments of flow change
at a constant pressure drop.

Quick opening. A valve with a

quick opening flow characteristic
provides a maximum change in
flow rate at low travel. These
valves are often used where
significant flow rate must be
established quickly as the valve
begins to open.

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 Shutoff Class - ANSI B16.104
• Class 1 = No test required; user and
supplier agree to leakage

• Class 2 = 0.5% of rated capacity

• Class 3 = 0.1% of rated capacity

• Class 4 = 0.01% of rated capacity

• Class 5 = 0.0005 ml per minute of

water per inch of port diameter

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 5. Fluid Mechanic

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32 29/06/48
 Flow separation

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33
 Turbulence: rotation and vorticity
Turbulent flows are rotational; that is, they have non-zero
vorticity. Mechanisms such as the stretching of three-
dimensional vortices play a key role in turbulence.

Vortices

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34
 flow around a moving circle
in the closed channel.
The aim of the following simulations is just
to demonstrate the utility of our "Fictitious
Boundary Conditions":

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 Medium Reynolds Number

High Reynolds Number

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37 29/06/48
 a
n
s
Reynolds Number i
t
i
Reynolds number is proportional to { (inertial force) /
o
n
(viscous force) } and is used
b
in momentum, heat,
and mass transfer to account
e
t
for dynamic similarity.
It is normally defined in one
w
e
of the following forms :
OR en
l
a
m
i
Where: n
a
r
D = Characteristic length
a
G = Mass velocityn
d

mu = Viscosity t
u
r
rho = Density b
u
Velocity l
V = e
n
t

Fluid flow in a pipe crosses the threshold

f
l
from laminar to turbulent flow when a
dimensionless parameter called "Reynold's
o Number" ("Re") reaches about
w
2000. It is defined as Re = r l v ./ h,
T
h
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f
l
 HIGH REYNOLDS NUMBER PIPE CIRCUIT

For turbulent pipe flow experiment at high Reynolds number (up to

500,000) a closed circuit with water as fluid is available. Following
the flow direction the main parts of the system are: on the roof of the
building a constant-head tank (about 20 m3), a PVC pipe downwards
to the lab on the first floor, at the entrance of a long horizontal pipe a
swirl generator, the piping system itself with one or two measurement
sections, a flow meter, and it ends in a storage tank in the basement.
The fluid is returned to the constant-head tank by
means of a centrifugal pump. The diameter of the piping system,
consisting of smooth brass pipe, is 70 mm and the length is about
18 m. The long pipe is composed of several sections of different
length and the measurement sections can be mounted at almost any
desired position. The test section is isolated from the pump vibrations
by means of two rubber bellows.
The main technique that is capable of accurately measuring rapidly
fluctuating velocities in water flows is Laser-Doppler Velocimetry
(LDV). A two-component reference beam system of the 55X-series of
Dantec is available. The complete three-dimensional mean flow field
and also the second-order moments of the velocity fluctuations can
be obtained by subsequent measurements at different orientations
(angles) of the LDV system. A suitable LDV traversing system is
available for this purpose.

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 s
i
t
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n

b
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t
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a
m
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a
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a
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40 29/06/48 f
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