IV.

GIẢN LƯỢC MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ

1. Dùng cụm Ving: Dùng cho các mệnh đề chủ động

2.

Eg: The man who is standing there is my brother.

=>The man standing there is my brother.

The girl who bought this cat is beautiful.

=> The girl buying this cat is beautiful.

The students who don't do their homework will be punished.

=> The students not doing their homework will be punished.

Lưu ý

Khi đại từ quan hệ thay thế cho tân ngữ, không giản mệnh đề quan hệ được, chỉ có thể lược bỏ
đại từ quan hệ.

Eg: The man whom I am talking about is handsome.

=> The man I am talking about is handsome.

2. Dùng P2: cho các mệnh đề bị động.

Eg: I like books which were written by Nguyen Du.

=> I like books written by Nguyen Du.

3. Dùng cụm to - inf:

Dùng khi danh từ đứng trước có các chữ sau đây bổ nghĩa:

• The + so sánh hơn nhất, the first, the second..., the only, the next, the
last.....

Eg: This is the only student who does the problem.

=> This is the only student to do the problem.

• Động từ “have/had’’

Eg: I have many homework that I must do.

=> I have many homework to do.

• Đầu câu có HERE ,THERE

Eg: There are six letters which have to be written today. => There are six letters to be written
today.
Lưu ý:

• Nếu trước đại từ quan hệ có giới từ thì phải đem xuống cuối câu Ex: We have a rack which we
hang our coat on.
=> We have a rack to hang our coat on.
• Nếu chủ ngữ 2 mệnh đề khác nhau thì thêm cụm “ for sb’’ trước “ to inf’’: Eg: We have some
picture books that children can read.
=> We have some picture books for children to read.

4. Dùng cụm danh từ - noun phrase ( đồng chủ ngữ )

Dùng khi mệnh đề tính từ có dạng:

Who/which + BE + Danh từ/Tính từ/Cụm danh từ/Cụm trạng từ

Eg: Football, which is a popular sport, is very good for health.

=> Football, a popular sport, is very good for health.

Do you like the book which is on the table?

=> Do you like the book on the table?

PRACTICE

1. She gives her children everything ..................... they want.

A. that B. who C. whom D. what

2. Colin told me about his new neighbor, ………. speaks French and Italian.
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
3. The population of London _______ was one of the largest cities in the world, is
falling now.

A. which B. what C. where D. ,which

4. What was the name of the girl _______ passport was stolen?

A. whose B. who C. which D. when

5. Nora is the only person _______ me.

A. understands B. to understand C. understanding D. understanded
6. This is an awful film. It is the worst _______ I have never seen.
A. who B. that C. what D. whom
7. The hotel _______ we stayed was not clean.
I stay at the hotel for a month.
-> where = giới từ + which
A. who B. that C. where D. when
8. The reason _______ I phoned him was to invite him to a party.
A. what B. whose C. why D. which
9. There is a good restaurant _______ seafood.
there are many foods ____
A. eats B. eating C. to eat D. eaten

10. The sun _______ is one of millions of stars in the universe, provides us with
heat and light.

A. that B. which C. that D. which

11. Do you know the boy _______ the window last night?
A. who broke B. who breaks C. has broken D. broke
12. Norman has sent them two letters, neither of _______ they have
received.
A. that B. which C. whom D. whose
13. The books _______ by To Hoai are interesting.
A. writes B. wrote C. written D. writing
14. This is the place _______ I met my wife.
A. what B. where C. which D. that
15. The woman thanked the doctor _______ treatment: sự chữa
bệnh, trị liệu had cured her. A. whose B. of which C. of whom D.
who
16. Those _______ had studied hard passed their exams.
A. what B. who C. whom D. that
17. My wife, _______ is a doctor, works at Community Hospital.
A. who B. which C. whom D. whose
18. She told me her address _______ I wrote on a piece of paper.
A. what B. which C. when D. where
19. Do you know the girl to _______ Tom is talking ?
A. whom B. who C. which D. whose
20. The stories _______ Tom tells are usually very funny.
A. when B. that C. where D. who

Bài tập 2: Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ trong những câu sau

1. The gentleman who lives next door to me is a well-known orator.

2. All the astronauts who are orbiting the earth in space capsules are
weightless.

orbit: xoay quanh

orbit (n): quỹ đạo

3. Trains which leave from this station take an hour to get to London.

3. John is the youngest person to be allowed to take part in the race.

the adj+est/ the most adj/the only/the last/the first: to V/ to be V-II

5. The vegetable sold in this shop are grown without chemicals.

Bài tập 3. Viết lại câu sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ

1. The children like the funny stories. Their grandmother tells them those
stories every evening.

2. Mr. John is an engineer. We play with his daughter every day.

3. He didn’t receive the letter. I sent him the letter last January.

4. His father is a bank manager. This makes it easy for him to have a
good job.

5. Can you understand the question? He asked you the question last
time.

6. I don’t remember the man. You said you met him at the canteen last
week.

7. I lent you a book. Nam Cao wrote it.

8. This is the shop. I bought my bike in that shop.

9. The children often go swimming on Sundays. They have much free time
then.

10. They are looking for the man and his dog. They have lost the way in the
forest.