Spatial Concepts: Garden
City by Ebenezer Howard
(1898)
CLASS PRESENTATION
SUBMITTED BY
ANGAD, ADHISHREE AND RAJ NANDINI
Content SELF-CONTAINED COMMUNITIES POPULATION AND SIZE
Ebenezer Howard's Garden City concept,
introduced in his book "To-morrow: A
Peaceful Path to Real Reform" (later LAND OWNERSHIP AND
CONCENTRIC LAYOUT
MANAGEMENT
republished as "Garden Cities of To-
morrow"), is a model for urban planning
that aimed to combine the benefits of both
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC
urban and rural environments while REFORM
SATELLITE CITIES
addressing the problems of industrial cities
in the late 19th century.
PROFILE
Ebenezer Howard
URBAN PLANNER
Sir Ebenezer Howard OBE was an English urban planner and
founder of the garden city movement, known for his publication To-
Morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform, the description of a
utopian city in which people live harmoniously together with nature.
EBENEZER HOWARD
About
Sir Ebenezer Howard was born a s the son of a
shopkeeper in the city of london, on january
29th, 1850.
After schooling, he took on a number of
clerical posts
in 1871, he emigrated to the frontier country
of america to become a farmer
He spent 4 years living in Chicago, witnessing
its rebuilding.
it was during this time that he began to
contemplate ways to improve cities.
Vision
Howard was heavily influenced by the
utopian versions of Edward Bellamy
and his publication Looking Backwards
(1888)
Sir Ebenezer Howard is known for his
publication “To-morrow: A peaceful
path to real reform.”
It is important to understand the context to which Howard’s work was a
Rise of the
reaction
London (and other cities) in the 19th century were in the throws of
problem.
industrialization, and the cities were exerting massive forces on the labour
markets of the time.
Massive Immigratrion from the countryside to the
cities was taking place with london
The situation was un-sustainable and political
commentators of all parties sought “ how to provide
the proper antidote against the greatest danger of
modern existence.” To Howard, the cure was simply
reintegrate people with the countryside.
Cure of the
In trying to understand and represent the attraction of the city, he compared
each city to a magnet, with individuals represented as the needles drawn to
problem.
the city.
He set about comparing the town and country magnets but decided that
neither were suitable attractors for his utopian vision
Insteead he believed that “ huamn society and the
beauty of nature are meant to be enjoyed together”-
hence giving his solution “the two magnets must be
made one”
The Three Magnets
THE THREE MAGNETS DIAGRAM (ASIDE)
MAKES THREE POINTS
Town life has good and bad
characteristics
Country life has good and bad
characteristics
Town-Country life can have all the
good things about life life in towns
and life in country- without any of
the bad things.
The Three combination of both aspects
Magnets
beauty of nature- peace all-over the places.
social opportunity- cumulative growth.
TOWN-COUNTRY fields and parks of easy access- equal chances.
low rents- high wages.
low rates- plenty to do.
low prices- no sweating.
field for enterprise- flow of capital.
pure air and water- good drainage.
bright homes & gardens- no smoke, no slums.
12 / 16
freedom-co-operation.
Garden City
Term means 'a city in a garden 'or city of gardens'.
By Garden cities and Town Planning Association, 1919
"a garden city is a town designed for healthy living and
industry; of a size that makes possible a full measure
of social life; but not larger ;surrounded by rural belt;
the whole of the land being in public ownership or held
in in trust for community"
Garden City
Garden cities were intended to be planned, self-contained
communities surrounded by "greenbelts", containing
proportionate areas of residences, industry, and agriculture.
The garden city introduced the use of greenbelts that have
served many uses including the preservation of agricultural
and rural life, nature and heritage conservation, recreation,
pollution minimization, and growth management.
Garden city tradition endowed urban planning with a social
and community dimensions.
The garden city idea however, showed how both industrial
estates and collective retailing spaces could be used within a
comprehensive planning approach to serve public purposes.
CORE PRINCIPLES OF THE GARDEN CITY
LAND VISION COMMUNITY
Land value capture for Strong vision, leadership Community ownership
the benefit of the and community of land and long-term
community. engagement stewardship of assets.
Features of Garden City
city owned by surrounded
open spaces neither small or
citizens on a co- peripherically
and gardens . large
operative basis by green belts.
population.
A total of 6000 acre estate
FIGURATIVE
1
1000 acres purely for central
DESCRIPTION 2
garden
(ASSUMED DATA)
3
5000 acres retained for
agriculture and home for 2000
people, with cow pastures,
3 farmlands and welfare services
.
A total of 6000 acre estate
Central City
1
2 1000 acres purely for central
garden
3
5000 acres retained for
agriculture and home for 2000
people, with cow pastures,
3 farmlands and welfare services
.
Figurative Description
Assumed Data Central City
A total of 6000 acre estate Area- 12000 acres
1000 acres purely for central Population- 58000
garden Agglomeration Cities:
5000 acres retained for Area- 9000 acres ;
agriculture and home for Population- 32000
2000 people, with cow Distance b/w central
pastures, farmlands and main city and
welfare services . agglomeration- 10km
Thank You
A CASE STUDY BY:
Angad Jodha
Adhishree Panwar
Raj Nandini
