 E١٤٢٩L٢٠٠٨F٣٨٦ -٣١٩،E٢F‫א‬‫א‬،٢٠،‫א‬

‫ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﺗﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻠﺢ‬

‫ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻱ‬

،‫ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ‬،‫ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬،‫ﺃﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻙ‬
‫ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ‬،‫ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‬،‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺳﻌﻮﺩ‬
alhawas@ksu.edu.sa

 (‫ﻫـ‬١٤٢٩/٤/٥ ‫ ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺮ ﰲ‬،‫ﻫـ‬١٤٢٨/١١/ ٢ ‫)ﻗﺪﻡ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺮ ﰲ‬

 
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 W
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F J
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٣١٩
  ‫א‬ ٣٢٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬.‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
  K
‫ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
K J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 ٣٢١  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺻﻄﻼﺡ‬:‫ﺃﻭﻻ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬E١F
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
W ،K ‫א‬
W ‫א‬?K? ‫א‬?
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K?

  ،   ?W K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W
  
 ‫?א‬ ،?W ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K? ‫א‬‫א‬W
  ‫?א‬ ،?
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،
 KE٢F‫א‬

EFE١٩٩٩،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F٣،‫א‬،‫א‬E١F1
،EK ،،‫א‬F
 ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،١٨٩L٩
K٥١٣L٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?W
  ‫א‬‫א‬E٢F
F? ‫א‬?E١٦٤‫א‬W ‫א‬F?
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٠٠٠‫א‬W?W
 ‫א‬‫א‬KE٤‫א‬W‫א‬
Z، ‫א‬‫א‬F
 ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬?٠٠٠
 
  ‫א‬ ٣٢٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬
W?
 ‫?א‬K ‫א‬W ‫א‬
‫א‬KE٣F ‫א‬‫א‬،،
 ، 

‫א‬K ‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٤F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،WWE٥F 
K
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬W

‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١٩٧L٢EK،Z
،‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F،EW
 ‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٥١٣L٣،،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬EF
 K٢٠E١٩٩٩،،ELGAF،،‫א‬
‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E٣F
 K٢٦،E١٩٨٣،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬F١،
 K٢٨،‫א‬‫א‬E٤F
K٢٥،٢٤،‫א‬‫א‬E٥F
 ٣٢٣  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E٦F
 ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E F ‫א‬
EF، ‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
ZKE F
 ‫א‬،‫א‬
E
 F ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬EF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KE٧F?
 ‫א‬W
 ‫א‬?W ،
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬K‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   E٨F
 
،‫א‬‫א‬ ?‫?א‬،?‫?א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

،‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E٦F
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬F
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،،‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧F
 K١٠٩L٧،EK،K،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬F
 ،،،‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬WE٨F
 K٥٥،E١٩٩٠،‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬ ٣٢٤
،‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫?א‬،?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?W
‫א‬‫?א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬?
 ‫א‬‫?א‬ ،‫א‬?
 ‫א‬?
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬?‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،? ‫א‬‫א‬? ‫א‬W ،‫א‬
،‫א‬?
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?
 
‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬
‫א‬KE٩F? ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬?
 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬?
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KE١٠F
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،EmorphologyF
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬? ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬E١١F?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 K٢١،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E٩F
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٠F
‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٢٧،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬WK‫א‬
 K٢٥٥E١٩٨٣،،‫א‬F،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E١١F
 ٣٢٥  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KE١٢FEmorphemesFEmorphemeF
‫ ﻣﺪﻟﻮﻝ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺤﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﻣﺒﺎﺣﺜﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬:‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬
،‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬KE١٣F?‫א‬،‫א‬ ،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬
‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?W ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬ ‫א‬،
،‫א‬  ،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١٤F?‫א‬

،EmorphologyF  ‫א‬E١٢F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١WEmorphemesF‫א‬
WE٢،،،W‫א‬
W E
 F، ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬KE ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
 ‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬E‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬
 K١٧٤،‫א‬‫א‬
K٢٣E١٩٦٥،‫א‬،‫א‬F١،‫א‬،‫א‬E١٣F
K٢٤٢L٤EK ،،‫א‬‫א‬F١
 ،‫א‬،،‫א‬،E١٤F
Z
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ٣٢٦
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،  
،،‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬?W‫א‬WE١٥F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬?? ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 E١٦F?
 ‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?W
 ‫א‬،?
،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬W،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬ K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

K ‫א‬،‫א‬K Z

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬F١
 ،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٨،٧E١٩٩٥،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E١٥F
E١٩٥٤،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F١،
 K٢٧٣L٣
E٢٠٠١،، F١
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ E١٦F
 K٧،٦
٣٢٧  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

KE١٧F  
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
١٨٠٠٠ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،، ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KE١٨F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٢٠F
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،E١٩F
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،،،E٢١F
‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?،‫ א‬E١٧F
،٢٠٠٠،٢١،١٣
 ،‫א‬،?
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K٧٣٧
K٢٧،‫א‬‫א‬E١٨F
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E١٩F
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٠F
 K٥L١،‫א‬،‫א‬E٢١F
  ‫א‬ ٣٢٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،E٢٢F ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬?،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KE٢٤F
  ‫א‬‫א‬KE٢٣F?‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،،‫א‬
‫ א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬KE٢٥F
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
?‫א‬،E٢٦F? ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
،،‫א‬،W،‫ א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

K٣٢،‫א‬،‫א‬E٢٢F
K١٧٣L١،‫א‬،‫א‬E٢٣F
K٢٥٢٤،‫א‬،‫א‬E٢٤F
،‫א‬F،‫א‬،،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E٢٥F
 K٣٥L١،EK،
‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫ א‬E٢٦F
 .٢٣١L٣E١٩٨٨ ،،‫א‬F٣،‫א‬
 ٣٢٩  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ "E٢٧F‫؛‬ ،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ،،‫א‬،W‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬KE٢٨F،‫א‬
 KE٢٩F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٠F
 ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W?
  
 ?W
 ?
  ?‫א‬W ،‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬،?
  ?WW?
   ?W W? 
 ?W  

 .٢٣١L٣،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬E٢٧F
 .٢٣١L٣،‫א‬‫א‬E٢٨F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤٤
 ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ (٢٩F

،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬" ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W
 ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
.٧٨٨L٢(١٩٨٢‫א‬،‫א‬F١،‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬F١
 ،‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٠F
 K٥٩٢E١٩٨٣،
  ‫א‬ ٣٣٠
KE٣١F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،
KE  FE 
 FW ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،
،‫א‬‫א‬KE٣٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٣٣F
?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ?W
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
??  ‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬KE٣٤F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K٢٤،‫א‬،‫א‬E٣١F
K١٧،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E٣٢F
K١L١،‫א‬،‫א‬E٣٣F
 K٨،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E٣٤F
 ٣٣١  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬KE٣٥F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ "א‬: ‫א‬‫א‬
W  W
 ‫؛‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ .?
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬ "‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬"
 .‫א‬ ،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E
 ‫א‬،‫א‬
، E٣٦F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬

K٣٢،‫א‬،‫א‬E٣٥F
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٦F
١٣L١F
 ‫א‬‫א‬E١٣٩L١F
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K٠٠٠١٦٧،٢٥٠،٢٤٩L١٠٠٠E٤٠٣٦L١F‫א‬E١٧
  ‫א‬ ٣٣٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٠٠٠?W
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬?‫א‬KE٣٧F?
‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬٠٠٠
،??W ‫א‬،??W ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٨F?٠٠٠??W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٣٩F 
 WK‫א‬‫א‬
W ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬:‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫?א‬
‫א‬،W
 ،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬KE٤٠F?٠٠٠W
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 K٤L١،‫א‬،‫א‬E٣٧F
K٤L١،‫א‬‫א‬E٣٨F
 K١٩،E١٩٨٩،،‫א‬‫א‬F١،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E٣٩F
K٤٣٤٢،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E٤٠F
٣٣٣  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫?א‬W ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
،،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،KE٤١F?W،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
?W ،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬
،،،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤٢F?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬?
 ‫א‬‫א‬
W
  ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
W
 ‫א‬‫א‬،
 W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، 

‫א‬٠٠٠‫א‬W
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٠٠٠
‫א‬‫א‬ ٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KE٤٣F?
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬

K٤٣L١،‫א‬،‫א‬E٤١F
K٣٢L١،‫א‬،‫א‬E٤٢F
 K٤٤،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E٤٣F
  ‫א‬ ٣٣٤
،  
 W ،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE٤٤F٠٠٠W
  ‫א‬‫א‬،
  W ،‫א‬
‫א‬?K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬K
 
? ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٤٥F?‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬،‫א‬
KE٤٦F? ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٤٧F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬
 KE٤٨F?‫א‬‫א‬

 K٤٣L١،‫א‬،‫א‬E٤٤F
 K٤٣L١،‫א‬‫א‬E٤٥F
K٢L١،‫א‬‫א‬E٤٦F
٥١،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E٤٧F
K٥٤L١،‫א‬،‫א‬E٤٨F
٣٣٥  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫?א‬، ‫א‬
‫א‬،،‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬KE٤٩F? ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬
 ‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬، E٥٠F 
‫א‬‫؛‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE٥١F?‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫?א‬W
?‫א‬KE٥٢F?٠٠٠? 
 ?
 ?
  
 ?
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K٢٤٢L١،‫א‬‫א‬E٤٩F
K٦١،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E٥٠F
K٣٢L١،‫א‬،‫א‬E٥١F
K٤L١،‫א‬‫א‬E٥٢F
  ‫א‬ ٣٣٦
‫א‬،?
  ?
  ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ?
   
 ?
 KE٥٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥٣F?٠٠٠??
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬،،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬K‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬KE٥٥F
،‫א‬،??‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ٠٠٠W
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٥٦F
‫א‬ ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-١

K٨٧،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E٥٣F
K٣٥،‫א‬،‫א‬E٥٤F
 K٥،٤،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E٥٥F
K٢٧٩L٣،‫א‬،‫א‬E٥٦F
٣٣٧  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE٥٧F
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬، E٥٨F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K٢٧٩L٣،‫א‬‫א‬E٥٧F
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E٥٨F
W
 ?W ،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬
W٠٠٠W
 W‫א‬K 
W‫א‬٠٠٠ ‫א‬،‫א‬٠٠٠
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٠٠٠ W
 
‫א‬F٤،‫א‬،K،‫א‬،‫א‬W?٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬K٤٩٠٤٨٩L٢E١٩٩٠،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،K
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،٨٠٩ ٧٨١L٢،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬W K
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ٣٣٨
‫א‬،٠٠٠
   
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،٠٠٠
KE٥٩F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬٠٠٠
  
 W ‫؛‬W
 WW
W
  W ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٠٠٠W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬E٦٠F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ 
‫א‬?? K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬?
  
 ?W‫א‬?
  ?W
‫א‬‫א‬،??W‫א‬،?
 ‫?א‬W

K٢٧٩L٣،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E٥٩F
،‫א‬F١
 ،‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬، ‫א‬ E٦٠F
K٢١٠E١٩٩٩،‫א‬
٣٣٩  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،?
  ??
 ?W
‫א‬?
 ?W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
  ?W
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،?  ?W
  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٠٠٠?
 ?W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬
     
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٦١F‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 ،
٠٠٠،  ،W ،‫א‬
‫א‬K  ‫א‬،،
? ‫?א‬،??،‫א‬?
  ?
KE٦٢F?  ??  ??  ?  ?،?  ‫?א‬
‫א‬٠٠٠??W ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦٣F??W 
 K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬?
 ‫א‬‫?א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫?א‬W ،‫א‬

K٢١٢،‫א‬‫א‬E٦١F
K٢١٦٢١٤،‫א‬‫א‬E٦٢F
K٢١٩،‫א‬‫א‬E٦٣F
  ‫א‬ ٣٤٠
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٦٤F?  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
?
 ‫א‬‫א‬? ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫?א‬WE٦٥F
٠٠٠  ‫א‬ ،
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬E٦٦F?
 ‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫?א‬W  ،E٦٧F  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬

،،‫א‬F
 ،‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E٦٤F
 K٢٦E١٩٨٧
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦٥F
‫א‬‫א‬F١
 ،‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E٦٦F
K٤E١٩٨١،،‫א‬
W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
 ،‫א‬‫א‬F
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٦٧F
?W K١٠L٦?
 ‫א‬٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬?W
‫א‬‫א‬K٣٥L٥?
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ?WK‫א‬
Z
 ‫א‬‫א‬٠٠٠ ‫א‬
٣٤١  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫؛‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ،

?W
 ‫א‬،? ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
W،WKW٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?WK‫א‬K١٠٩L٣?
 ‫א‬Z
٠٠٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?WK١٤٦L٥? 
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٥٣L٩? ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬١٥٥L٩?
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?W
K٥L١٠? ‫א‬‫א‬٠٠٠
 ‫א‬?WK‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬?W  ،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬????‫א‬
‫א‬٠٠٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬K٦٢٦١L١،‫א‬،‫א‬?٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
?،‫א‬‫א‬٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K١٥٤L٩?٠٠٠ ،‫א‬????
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ٣٤٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،E٦٨F?
 ‫א‬
K ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬
KE٦٩F? ،‫א‬K ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬?W
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٧٠F?‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
?WK
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،،
 W ‫א‬،
 W ‫א‬، W
 ‫א‬
،‫א‬??‫א‬‫א‬،K
KE٧١F? ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K
KE٧٢F ،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬x
 ‫א‬‫א‬z?W ،‫א‬
،?
  
 ??
  
 ? ‫א‬?
  ? 

،‫א‬‫א‬F١
 ،‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E٦٨F
 K١٩١٨E١٩٧٣??،
K١٩،‫א‬‫א‬E٦٩F
K١٩،‫א‬‫א‬E٧٠F
K٢٠١٩،‫א‬‫א‬E٧١F
 K٣٧،٣٦،‫א‬‫א‬E٧٢F
٣٤٣  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

KE٧٣F?٠٠٠??   
 ‫א‬ 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ KE٧٤F
   ‫א‬  W
 
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬،،W ،E ‫א‬F ‫א‬ ،
،‫א‬‫א‬K
 W،
 KE٧٥F٠٠٠،
،E٧٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬٠٠٠ W ، ،
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬
K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫?א‬
  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٧٧F? ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬F
E
 ‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬?
‫א‬‫?א‬E٧٨F?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 K٣٧،‫א‬‫א‬E٧٣F
 K٣٧،‫א‬‫א‬E٧٤F
K٦٤،‫א‬‫א‬E٧٥F
K٩١،‫א‬‫א‬E٧٦F
K٩٤،‫א‬‫א‬E٧٧F
K٩٥،‫א‬‫א‬E٧٨F
  ‫א‬ ٣٤٤
‫א‬E٧٩F? ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E
 F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬F‫א‬،‫א‬
 K،‫א‬
، ،‫? א‬
‫?א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬ E٨٠F? ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٨١F? ،،،،WW
‫א‬K??
 ‫א‬‫א‬?W ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ ? ‫?א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬E٨٢F?‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬?
?
 ?،‫א‬،
،?
 ??
  ? ‫א‬،
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

K٩٦٩٥،‫א‬‫א‬E٧٩F
K٩٩،‫א‬‫א‬E٨٠F
K٩٩،‫א‬‫א‬E٨١F
K١١١،‫א‬‫א‬E٨٢F
 ٣٤٥  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ E٨٤F ‫א‬E٨٣F?

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬?،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،E٨٥F?  ،‫א‬‫א‬٠٠٠
  
‫؛‬‫?א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٨٦F?،‫א‬،
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
E٨٧F? ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫?א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
 ‫א‬، 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W
 ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

K١١١،‫א‬‫א‬E٨٣F
W
 ‫א‬?W ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨٤F
K١١٢١١١،‫א‬‫א‬?٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬
K١١٩،‫א‬‫א‬E٨٥F
K١٥٢،‫א‬‫א‬E٨٦F
،‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨٧F
K١L١E١٩٨٢،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
  ‫א‬ ٣٤٦
 KE٨٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE٨٩F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬?W ،
‫א‬، ،
 ‫א‬KE٩٠F?
‫א‬? ‫א‬?  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬KE٩١F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬

٣٥،‫א‬،‫א‬E٨٨F
K٢٦،‫א‬‫א‬E٨٩F
 K٧L١،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٩٠F
K٢L١،‫א‬‫א‬E٩١F
٣٤٧  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬KE٩٢F
 ‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?W
 ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KE٩٤F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٩٣F?
‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬? ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٠٠٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

 K٧٦L١،‫א‬‫א‬E٩٢F
K٩،٨،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E٩٣F
 K٦L١،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E٩٤F
  ‫א‬ ٣٤٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٩٥F٠٠٠ ‫א‬
W٠٠٠?
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ KE٩٦F?٠٠٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٠٠٠?W
 KE٩٧F?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  W ‫א‬   ‫א‬W?W

‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬E
 F
 ‫א‬‫א‬،   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬"E٩٨F‫א‬
،‫א‬?W
 KE٩٩F?٠٠٠???   ?W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 KE‫א‬F٦L١،‫א‬‫א‬E٩٥F
 K٥٢L١،‫א‬‫א‬E٩٦F
 K٢٤٠L٣،‫א‬‫א‬E٩٧F
،،F١
 ،‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E٩٨F
.٣١L١١٩٩٦

K٣٣٣١L١،‫א‬‫א‬E٩٩F
٣٤٩  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬KE١٠٠F?
 ‫א‬?
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
،‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
?
  ? K
  ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬W،٠٠٠? 
 W
‫א‬KE١٠١F
 ‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬K
  
 ،‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬K
 ‫א‬
 WE١٠٢F‫א‬
 
    ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E١٠٣F
‫א‬،‫א‬K 
 ‫א‬،?? 
‫א‬KE١٠٤F ‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬

،‫א‬F١
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬،‫א‬E١٠٠F
K٧٩٧٨،E١٩٧٢،‫א‬
 .٣١L١،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E١٠١F
K٤٧٤٦L١،‫א‬‫א‬E١٠٢F
 K٤٧L١،‫א‬‫א‬E١٠٣F
 K٤٧L١،‫א‬‫א‬E١٠٤F
  ‫א‬ ٣٥٠
‫א‬? ? ‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬K ??? ?K ‫א‬
،  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
?W ‫؛‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KE١٠٥F??
 ‫א‬???‫א‬? ،?‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ א‬ ?‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬.E١٠٦F? 
 
،،،
‫א‬،،،‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬،
WW
  
 W٠٠٠ 
 KE١٠٧F
 W

W ،‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
WW K
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫?א‬
W ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K٤٧L١،‫א‬‫א‬E١٠٥F
‫א‬‫א‬F١
 ، ،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E١٠٦F
K٢٩٠E١٩٦٧،‫א‬،‫א‬
 K٢٨٠L٣،‫א‬،‫א‬E١٠٧F
٣٥١  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

KE١٠٨F?
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE١٠٩F?٠٠٠
 ‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬?W ،‫א‬
‫א‬? ،‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١١٠F?
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬W
 
K،،W 
 KE١١١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬?
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬
 ‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١١٢F?
? 
‫א‬?
‫א‬?‫?א‬،‫א‬
‫؛‬‫א‬Wx
 ‫א‬z ?W ،‫א‬
W
 ‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F١
 ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ E١٠٨F
K٤٩E١٩٨٢،‫א‬
K٥١،‫א‬‫א‬E١٠٩F
K٥٤،‫א‬‫א‬E١١٠F
،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E١١١F
K٤L١E١٩٨٤،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬F١،‫א‬
K٩٧،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E١١٢F
  ‫א‬ ٣٥٢
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١١٣F?‫א‬   ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬W?‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W ‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،، 
 KE١١٤F?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬E١١٥F
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E ‫א‬FW ،‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬W ،‫א‬
EF‫א‬EFW ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬F
 ،‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬،‫א‬E١١٣F
K٣٢٢L٤E٢٠٠٣،
F٢
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E١١٤F
K٢٣٦L٤E١٩٣٨،‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬F
 ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E١١٥F
K٣٥٢،٣٥٣L٢EK،
٣٥٣  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬F
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W ،،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬٠٠٠
 ،،‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬٠٠٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E١١٦F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
W‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
KE١١٧F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬?W ،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K٢٣،‫א‬،‫א‬E١١٦F
K٢٣،‫א‬‫א‬E١١٧F
  ‫א‬ ٣٥٤
‫א‬،E١١٨F? ‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
?W،‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١١٩F?‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E١١٥٨F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬?W،?
 ‫א‬‫א‬?
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E١٢٠F?
 ‫؟‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬?W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١٢١F
 ‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،E١٢٢F 
K ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،

K٢٤،‫א‬‫א‬E١١٨F
K٢٤،‫א‬‫א‬E١١٩F
،F
 ،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E١٢٠F
K١٦E١٨٦٢
K١٧١٦،‫א‬‫א‬E١٢١F
 K‫א‬‫א‬E١٢٢F
 ٣٥٥  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬?W‫א‬KE١٢٣F?‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬KE١٢٤F? ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،،
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٢٥F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
?  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K?‫?א‬ E١٢٦F‫א‬

 K٧٦L١،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE١٢٣F
 K١٧،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E١٢٤F
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،?
 ‫א‬‫א‬?،‫א‬‫א‬E١٢٥F
 K١٥١٤،٢٠٠١٢٠٠٠E١٥٨F‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫?א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٢٦F
،‫א‬،‫א‬W?EFWEF
 ‫א‬‫א‬?W
،? ?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ٩٦L٣
Z، ‫א‬‫א‬W?
 ‫א‬‫?א‬?
 ‫א‬? ‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ٣٥٦
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE١٢٧F?
 ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W
 ‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ،‫א‬
 ٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W ،‫א‬W
 ‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬٠٠٠? ?? ? ،???   ?W
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١٧٨
 ،‫א‬Z
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ? ‫א‬
٠٠٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?
E
 FEFE‫א‬F،EFEFEFEF‫א‬
‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬EFE‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬? ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،WK  ‫א‬،
 K١٤٥E،١٩٧٩،،‫א‬‫א‬،F٢
K١٥،‫א‬‫א‬،E١٢٧F
٣٥٧  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE١٢٨F  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬?
 ‫א‬‫א‬? ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬
KE١٢٩F‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ٠٠٠
‫א‬?
 ?٠٠٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ،، W ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K?
 ?W،‫א‬
‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬،W K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١٢٨F
WK١٨٥ ١٨٤E١٩٧٣، ،‫א‬‫א‬F
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K٢٥،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?E١٢٩F
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬F
 ،‫א‬،?
 ‫א‬،‫א‬
K٢٨،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬W،٢٠E١٩٧٨،‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ٣٥٨
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١٣٠F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E١٣١F‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
W‫א‬، J٣
،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬E
 ‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬E
‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?
،‫א‬،،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K١٥،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E١٣٠F
 K٢٣٢٢،‫א‬‫א‬E١٣١F
٣٥٩  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KE١٣٢F?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬E
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٣٣F‫א‬  ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
K‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬E‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬EF ‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،K ،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K٢٣٢٢،‫א‬‫א‬E١٣٢F
 K١٥١٤،‫א‬‫א‬E١٣٣F
  ‫א‬ ٣٦٠
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫؛‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KK ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
،‫א‬W ،‫א‬‫א‬
 ٠٠٠E
 FEFEFE F
‫ﻣﺪﻟﻮﻝ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺤﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﻭﻣﺒﺎﺣﺜﻬﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ‬:‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،WE١٣٤F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
( manFEfeetFEfootF‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬،

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EmenF
‫א‬KE١٣٥FEgoF
 EwentF
 ، ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EmorphologyF‫א‬?،‫א‬

 ٢٣،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E١٣٤F
 K١٠٦E،١٩٧٣،‫א‬F،،‫א‬،E١٣٥F
 ٣٦١  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EcatF‫א‬EsF‫א‬Einfiectional endingsF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K  EtellFEerFEprefixesF‫א‬‫א‬K
EsangFEsingF‫א‬Einternal changesF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KE١٣٧F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KE١٣٦F?‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE١٣٨F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬EmorpholgogyF‫א‬‫א‬E١٣٦F
،
 ‫א‬EsyntaxF ‫א‬
‫א‬،EstructureF‫א‬Egrammar ‫א‬‫א‬F
K٤٤٤٣،‫א‬،Egrammatical structureF‫א‬‫א‬
K٥٣،‫א‬،E١٣٧F
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٣٨F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،٥٨
 ،١٩٧٨،‫א‬،‫א‬،W
 K٢٣٢٢،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ٣٦٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١٣٩F
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬? Morphology ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KE١٤٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Morphemes ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬

K٢٢١،E١٩٧٣،،‫א‬‫א‬F،‫א‬‫א‬،E١٣٩F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E،،،F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٠٠٠ ،‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬WK‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬K٣٢
 ،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬? ‫א‬‫א‬
K١٢٦
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،KGrammatical categories

 K٣٢،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K١٧٠،‫א‬‫א‬،E١٤٠F
٣٦٣  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٤١F?  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?،E١٤٢F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬E١٤٣F? ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١٤٤F?‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬،‫א‬Syntax ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E FE F،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬? 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KE١٤٥F?‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬FE١٤٦F‫א‬،‫א‬

١١،‫א‬‫א‬،E١٤١F
 K١٧٥،‫א‬‫א‬،E١٤٢F
K٢٢٠،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E١٤٣F
K١١،‫א‬‫א‬،E١٤٤F
K٢٠٣،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،E١٤٥F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٤٦F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
Z
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ٣٦٤
،‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬،E‫א‬F
 KE١٤٧F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬FE‫א‬F
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٤٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E  E١٤٩F
 ‫א‬FE ‫א‬F  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z
‫א‬،‫א‬W ?
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٣،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
،،‫א‬F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E١٤٧F
٢٣E١٩٨٠
‫א‬W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E١٤٨F
E
 F،،E FE
 FW K،‫א‬‫א‬
WKEF EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٠٠٠EF
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬WK٧E١٩٨٥
K٢٤E١٩٧٩،،‫א‬

 ‫א‬،‫א‬W K٥٤،٥٣،٤٥،‫א‬،E١٤٩F
 K٣٣،‫א‬
٣٦٥  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬KE١٥٠F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬?
 ،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١٥١F?  ‫א‬
‫א‬W
‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١٥٢F?‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E١٥٣F‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 KE١٥٤F‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،E١٩٧٧، ‫א‬F
 ،‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬،E١٥٠F
 K٨٣
 K٨٣،‫א‬‫א‬E١٥١F
An introduction to the comparative grammar of the Semitic languages,. Moscati,2nd E١٥٢F
edition.1969.wisbaden p. 75, 102 115,120, 122,
K٤٠،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E١٥٣F
 K٤٥٤٤،‫א‬‫א‬E١٥٤F
  ‫א‬ ٣٦٦
 ٠٠٠E١٥٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٠٠٠‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
EFEF
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E F،‫א‬
‫א‬KE FE F،‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬W ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬W ،‫א‬
 KE١٥٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫ﺎﻭﺭﺓ‬‫ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﻭﺍﳌﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺍ‬:‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﹰﺎ‬
‫ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬-١
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫?א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
E١٥٧F? ،W ‫א‬  ،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K٤٥،‫א‬‫א‬E١٥٥F
 K٣٦٣٥،‫א‬‫א‬،E١٥٦F
K٣٧L١،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٥٧F
٣٦٧  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١٥٨F‫א‬
‫?א‬W
‫א‬? ‫א‬‫א‬E١٥٩F?
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
،‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE١٦٠F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
K،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫? א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K٢٩،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E١٥٨F
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬F
 ،‫א‬،،‫א‬،‫א‬E١٥٩F
K١E١٩٨١
 K٤١،‫א‬،‫א‬E١٦٠F
  ‫א‬ ٣٦٨
،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٦١F? ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬
،E١٦٢F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ?
‫א‬‫א‬Grammar? ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١٦٣F?Morphology?‫א‬
‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬?
،‫א‬? ،‫א‬،?W‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬
،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٦٤F? ‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

K٣٤L١،‫א‬،‫א‬E١٦١F
K٣٣،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E١٦٢F
K٢٧٩،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E١٦٣F
K٥٤L١،‫א‬،‫א‬E١٦٤F
٣٦٩  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KE١٦٥F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫?א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KE١٦٦F?
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ?W  ،‫א‬
‫א‬E
 FW ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،E
 F
 ،EF ‫א‬
EF٠٠٠،،،،،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E F
 K 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١٦٧F?٠٠٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٦٨F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬?W‫א‬?‫א‬

K٣٤،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E١٦٥F
K٤L١،‫א‬،‫א‬E١٦٦F
K٢٠٢٢٠١L٢،‫א‬،‫א‬E١٦٧F
K٣٤،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E١٦٨F
  ‫א‬ ٣٧٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١٦٩F?
 ‫א‬
‫א‬KE١٧٠F
 ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E١٧١F?
 ‫א‬‫א‬?W ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬? ،‫א‬K 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
?‫א‬‫א‬KE١٧٢F? ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٧٣F?‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE١٧٤F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢

K١٠L١،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫ א‬E١٦٩F
‫א‬F
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E١٧٠F
 K٢٧،E١٩٩١،
K١٣٨L٢،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫ א‬E١٧١F
K٧L١،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E١٧٢F
 K٤٣٣،‫א‬،‫א‬E١٧٣F
K١٦ J١٥،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E١٧٤F
٣٧١  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،E
  F،E
  
 FEFE
  
 F
 K‫א‬EF
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E J٥
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 KE١٧٦F‫א‬‫א‬E١٧٥F‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E١٧٧F ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E١٧٨FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، 
  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬KE١٧٩F‫א‬‫א‬


K١٦ J١٥،‫א‬‫א‬E١٧٥F
K٣١٥L٢،‫א‬،E١٧٦F
K٢٧،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E١٧٧F
 K٣٢،‫א‬‫א‬E١٧٨F
K٢٨،‫א‬‫א‬E١٧٩F
  ‫א‬ ٣٧٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ? ،‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬   
  ?W‫א‬
 KE١٨٠F??
‫( ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺮﺍﺏ‬٢
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E١٨١F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E١٨٢F?
 ‫א‬‫א‬?  ‫א‬‫א‬،
KE١٨٣F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬،‫א‬
‫א‬?W ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KE١٨٤F? ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١٨٥F? ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?
K
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬?W
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K٢٢١L١،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E١٨٠F
K٣١،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E١٨١F
K٣٤L١،‫א‬،‫א‬E١٨٢F
K٣٢،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E١٨٣F
K٢٤٢L٢،‫א‬،‫א‬E١٨٤F
K٣١،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E١٨٥F
٣٧٣  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬،E١٨٦F? ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،

 ،‫א‬‫א‬?
 ‫א‬‫א‬?
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ KE١٨٧F
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬،،‫א‬ 
‫( ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﻭﺍﻻﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ‬٣
‫א‬?
 ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬،E١٨٨F?
K  ‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫?א‬
KE١٨٩F?
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬E١٩٠F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

WK٦٦٧
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬E١٨٦F
K٧٠،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K٧٢،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E١٨٧F
،‫א‬،‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E١٨٨F
 K٣٥١L١EK،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F،‫א‬

 K٢٠،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E١٨٩F
 K٣١٣٠،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E١٩٠F
  ‫א‬ ٣٧٤

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
? ‫א‬K ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٩١F?  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ KE١٩٢F ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K١٧٩،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E١٩١F
K٣١،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E١٩٢F
 ٣٧٥  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K ‫א‬
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٩٣F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?
 KE١٩٤F?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،E١٩٥F‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬? 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،E١٩٦F?
E F ‫א‬EF  

K٣١،‫א‬‫א‬E١٩٣F
K٩٣،‫א‬‫א‬،E١٩٤F
 K٤٦،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E١٩٥F
K٣٩،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E١٩٦F
  ‫א‬ ٣٧٦
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬E‫א‬FEF‫א‬
‫א‬،E١٩٧F?
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ? ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٩٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
?W
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬??‫א‬
 ‫א‬E١٩٩F?‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٢٠٠F?‫א‬

? ?? ?‫א‬،‫א‬
??? ? ??? ? ،
K‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

K١٨١،‫א‬‫א‬،E١٩٧F
K٣٢‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E١٩٨F
K١٤L١،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E١٩٩F
K٨٤،‫א‬‫א‬،E٢٠٠F
٣٧٧  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KE٢٠١F‫א‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﲤــــﺔ‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬،،‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬.‫ א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬K
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K  ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،W
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬W‫א‬،W‫א‬‫א‬،W‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬

K٣٦٣٥،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E٢٠١F
  ‫א‬ ٣٧٨
‫א‬‫א‬KE٢٠٢F ،‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E٢٠٣F‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫?א‬W
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٠٠٠
   ،  WW
،E٢٠٤F?٠٠٠
  W
 ،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤٨،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E٢٠٢F
K٤٢E١٩٨٩‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F،‫א‬
 ٤٨،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E٢٠٣F
 ٤٩،‫א‬‫א‬E٢٠٤F
٣٧٩  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٠٥F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
. ‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 

K٤٠٣٩،‫א‬،‫א‬E٢٠٥F
  ‫א‬ ٣٨٠
 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫ﺛﺒﺖ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬
،‫א‬،
 ‫א‬F١
 ،‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE١٩٦٥
،،‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٩٨٤،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬F١،‫א‬
 ٣٨١  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KE١٩٧٣،‫א‬F،،،‫א‬
‫א‬ ،،‫א‬‫ א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
 .E١٩٨٨ ، ،‫א‬F٣،‫א‬
‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬F
 ،‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE٢٠٠٣،،‫א‬
،،‫א‬  
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K(١٩٨٢‫א‬،‫א‬F١،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،٢١،١٣
 ،‫א‬،‫א‬
 K٢٠٠٠
،،،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE١٩٦٧،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F١
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬،‫א‬
 KE١٩٨٩،‫א‬
،F١
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
KE٢٠٠١،
،‫א‬‫א‬F
 ،‫א‬،،‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE١٩٨١،‫א‬
 KEK،،‫א‬‫א‬F،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ٣٨٢
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٩٩٥،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬F١،‫א‬
،K ،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KK،K
K ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KK،K،
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٩٣٨،،‫א‬‫א‬F٢،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٩٧٩،‫א‬،‫א‬F٢،‫א‬،K‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F٤
 ،‫א‬،K
 ‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE١٩٩٠،‫א‬
 K١٩٧١،،‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬
،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE١٩٨٧‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F،‫א‬
‫א‬F،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٩٩١،
F١
 ،‫א‬،،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٩٥٤،،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٩٨٣،،‫א‬‫א‬F١
٣٨٣  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬F١
 ،‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٩٩٥،‫א‬،‫א‬
 KEK،K،‫א‬‫א‬F،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬F
 ،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KEK،
F١
 ،‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE١٩٩٩،‫א‬،‫א‬
 KEK،،‫א‬‫א‬F،‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬F١
 ،‫א‬،،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 E١٩٧٣،،،‫א‬
‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٣٥٨،‫א‬،‫א‬F،
‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٦،E١٩٨٣،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬F١،
‫א‬‫א‬F
 ،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٩٨٥،‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٩٩٩،،ELGAF،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K١٩٧٣،،‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KEK،K،‫א‬‫א‬F،‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ٣٨٤
،‫א‬‫א‬،،،‫א‬‫א‬
 K١٩٧٧،‫א‬
 KEK،،‫א‬F،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KEK،،‫א‬‫א‬F١‫א‬،،،‫א‬
،،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٨٦٢،F
 KE١٩٩٩،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F٣،‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬F٢
 ،،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٩٧٩
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬F١
 ،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٩٨٢،‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٩٧٨،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬F،،‫א‬
،‫א‬،، ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEK،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F،‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE١٩٨٣،،‫א‬F،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
F،‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 E١٩٨٧،،‫א‬
،‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KEK،،‫א‬F
 ٣٨٥  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

F١
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE١٩٧٢،،‫א‬،‫א‬
،F١
 ،‫א‬،،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٩٩٦،
 KE١٩٧٢،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬F٤،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٩٥٥،‫א‬F،،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٩٨٩،،‫א‬‫א‬F١،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٩٥٤،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F١،‫א‬
،،‫א‬F
 ،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٩٨٠
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F،
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٩٧٩،
،‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
 KE١٩٨١،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F١
F
 ،،،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٩٩٠،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬
 K٢٠٠١٢٠٠E١٥٨F‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬
‫א‬F
 ،‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٩٨٢،‫א‬،‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ٣٨٦
 
 
 

The overlapping of morphology and declension

Khaled Abdel Karim basandi
Associate Professor, Department of Arabic Language and Literature
College of Arts, King Saud University,Riyadh

(Received 2/11/1428H.; accepted for publication 5/4/1429H.)

Abstract. This paper at the use of terms "morphology" and "declension" in both classical and modern
standard Arabic.Moreover,it tries to identify differences and similarities between the tow terms.
The main section of the paper are as follows:
1. Morphology and declension in language and terminology.
2. Differences and similarities between morphology and declension.
3 Morphology and declension and other similar terms
The results of the research show the following:
1. The term (declension) was used first as a title of the science itself. It had a relationship with the term
morphology. However, the terms declension implies the meaning of declension more the other one.
2. The terms morphology seem to be the practical side of the science, while the other term seems to be
the scientific side of it.
3. the connection between the term declension and the term derivation. The relationship between them is
complicated since they had the same meaning at one point, they are different at another and they
sometimes overlapped. The reason, in my opinion, is that the core of their meaning is the same. 