; Crnorer- 2 CMOS Tweet e ao - rn “ CMOS Invodot, State $j Effect of pro cor | sh Topics cawoud = Tndroduelon, Chanoclerghes, Novae moanp ‘ ; Vatiiations, & supply velloye sealloy, Dynardc chanockeristios, Eff of anped Hak Tims oud fall Fare, Elmoxcts delay cancel, Ping oct Vator indorarhtal epic pate that mo divyle _input Tut eopuerron + Jaworler id Te wot fe ber ‘semt a Berleon opexation om Vasiable. + The Anwoter dusipn Forms a Aipnifico for digital cieual dasipn 05 POE of dhe basic ayed ia the he pin of Mos Lavoe fo woke complex lapre. ond NOR pales, fe. * Logic Synbol = «Tiadh fable Input Oulfut, Fas | Oabot A > BeAon Al cB) 4 Posidive Lepie convention J le . Broltan (on Lopic) value of Yep peaprarenled bya high voltepe of \bo- wt basid bicinci ples empl Can be ditectly applied cinenits, Auch ob NAND all © scanned with OKEN ScannerPo + Sealean (on lojie) Volree of 0” can be He) dated by a Jew velloye of OV. # Negatoe Cosie convention [= + Boolean (or loyie) value af 4" con be eprerrnbed by 0 Wiper y Lacoot vollere. " Beelean (on logic) value of “O" con be Hoprerubed by a Wichor volkare. Ret * Example fh Lesie6 - ok loge ‘Y's SV> Positive lepic 7 ® Leite os -5V od Laie Fs OV | Posi hve lepic @ Lepic ‘St = BV od Lope “2"= ov> Nepatioe lopte @ Legic “oO = OU od Lepie A” -sV° Nepahee Agic F D.C. Vellefe Jnonsfor chavockristics (VTC) - VTC is He phoph between Vout and Vin. Vout een Vy — Tnvoderc Hoasheld vellape Vos Tdeal iavuret Uy = LP (for on ideal Snvertes) Lesic “0” * When OSVA< Vy (ilps Leie'03, outbut Ms, Vout = Vop CLesic ‘1") Vee Neca © scanned with OKEN Scanner* When Vin = Ui, SV, bp Ci}p = Logic “), Vet = 9 (Laie 0) “ Faroraliced cideut Atrudune of an niV0S Bwvortot ‘~ No Cimedt Struckue Ty peal VTC cewwe Cae Ti Fon voy lew an}ud vdtop eA , You AMOS Fnowuistor 3b In cud - off and kines cloes not conduct oy cuwunt, Thus volteye dbish ores Joa 34 Bvouy Amal in mognitule., ond Vad = Vou Coutbud hiph an avoltepe), Case T= Two oatienl poet Vid a) chorocteriste becomes °F julene the Alope oF val £09, Ae. AVeut op oe =(-1) © scanned with OKEN ScannerSmall en ecd veltape DB called os 7 Vows Valloye od ig hes (on lasyer) duped + called a4 Inpid high veltye (Un), & pus Voltage Oosv. in SVpy AS Aneabed ob Laie “0” dupud od Voy EM, SU, is dreaded cos Laie Anbu. Oe ond Vet = Vou (oud put ow vol tope) Core W Inuvctor Ahrushelel veltepe (Vin).- The pad Wwhow Vin =Vout on the VTC. > Dein fiona = | © Voy 2 Maxieunn edped vellage ushin Ths ov bl Aevel 2a Japie T | ® Vo 2 Minimum sed bu Vellape when 4h oudpul noel 4 Aagic “O° ® Vy 1 Mowieum Jnpul velfope which con be a : i ean Jaterprcted a lefie “0. * a 2 Logie 0 Supe ® Ny * Manimum input voltage which can be Or oy ye Ue § Mon dnterpreed 0 apie Ly i dapat 2 © scanned with OKEN Scannerx Notse enmity and Noise marpias i= * Consides Ha below cidenit cosiabus of Minimum Hyer caroaded inverters AUcwable Mosiinum Nettege Mesesliege Yeu Vou Vow Nee Yew on | ' | | Toletconnect | pes | > , a Neis & Nase eAssume that all dhe invorers ater iden eal ond thed MWe input ueltage of f° Feng ad Nog Ae: Lagic r. ire def", the olp of Ir + inv™ willbe Vou ave Lefic ie + Tha ofp 3s beipy dranamitfed fe voxt Gnvodtedr Ula OW dalorconnoct. Suck on- clip Jalorernnects ade prone bo aipral maids, ond Ha outbub of Fe inp” will be portubed clncnp tronsmiston. TLe input ufp of 24 dwo™ can be either eroaler thon of Jet athan Vi OL: >If Vine SVe,, at 24 adtumbeal a4 Logic 0) bed Af Ving Mor y fp of 2°? invorter willbe atumed | Lagi” 0, only if Ving Ths, Vp, 18 Fhe mrai muron alo arable ulp af the Llp of the g"tano%, which ta con be interpretect as Logie "0". The of af 28 anv® will be Vow Fe Logic © scanned with OKEN Scanner"Now consider dhe afb sipnal transmission Porous dhe 4 jay > The ofp of 28 srvoer Gs paned Hyeagh Me an lereomnct do the App of grt An, which w porrbusrbed 4 5 J Node. >The ap of Sing com be cemsicleed os Lapre only if ake a)p voltage of 34 jny. is preader Jhon Vins Pad af Ba Uns This densled bp NM. Tara noise mategnd aes Aafined! Nagas adeging for low aipnal devels[NM_) awh Noise madepin for Saph Aipral Levels (NM). & NN aad NM. = Vou = Vey Nout Vow py | Nb Vou . Overall Meise matyin = Min (NM, NM, ) © scanned with OKEN ScannerNv SCMOS Toone “ TIM OMOS Tye » iis Thole, Gy pos MEvvowcewed WMO duadiclor p> olor Hols od a clducy ' Piette Vo t—- Jnoichay in day \ 6) ; &, ” WO Evhoncrwent MOG kK Jrawictor acle cu a Lowd s Lowi + chevice . “THA configuration i called ot Complenandabuy Mos (cmos) becawre hy nMn$ and PIMOS dianisfom sperale in Comblemetuy) sole. Thad ia, af wy Hae @ Instook only me Anowishr will be ON and he adhe transis fox will be OFF. "ThA cik cuit Toprlepy 7S complereantury push-pull. ae a)p vallape in Wiph, nMOS clrdiven (pulls down) the cath node. and when Alp voltoge 7 dow, PMOS Auive (puts up) the oudput node. Cineatit operation & 0 Ves.= Vin ond Vbs, = Vowel ES -V, ® Ves} = VigrVpy amd Vg, = Vout” Yoo 6 ve =0= Vsp, jo damove Aubattale bia effect. SBn © scanned with OKEN ScannersRomimber Vinw 20 and Vamp <0 fon erhoncsmmt nMos amd MOS Arawtictla Meth. y 1 condifion ~ OSs MOS Mode —~_| art b Cd -off Vasa < Ninn Nesp > Yon , ie > >|, VastYnp | Noe | Cinsae | Ca-off i & Caladation of cabal veltpe peints - O Vow i In RepionA, Vin < Vin > M05 OFF and pMos vs Jn Limca mode. This, Ip,p = Ib, =O Oe - - — © scanned with OKEN Scanner3s 4, por, Ww = PERNT LE Mese-Mrnp) Voy Voond * 6 Vosp= 0 ok Nps) * (aye) VUE mt Von=0 OK Uy “Wap = 2 (Via-Voo~ Yann) Ss Vs ot Vo on yoy = Nin ~ Nog~ 2V inp Ses T¥e aud Ved Mase : V0 Yo Upp « Vesct Alaa. * Vop= Voy, . @ Vor coleulalion +, Vet Va = 99 when Vin = Vou « pee el MOC a ly oe bMos on an Cut-off mode. Thus Top = Don = mn Con 7 . 0 = RSW [als Monn) Van = Vas, | > Vosn =O 0K Vosq = 2 CVes-Vinw) Vout = 0 OK Vat = 2 (Vor Mri) => Vyut =O OH | Vout = 2 (op ~ Vwi) | al et Ppp and Vout Harpe 3A 0 + Yop - A) Nelo = Vou od ’ \bo : mos (ork, NOTE © In Sapien A, ntaslo doen and pros (oN): Vi Ve Thus, MOS pres ee sia | = Vpp - —— © scanned with OKEN Scanner® In Repion Ee nMos (on) ala: anol pMo-s (OFF). fp Thus, nMOs patted Atneng Ga “O" od The out put 1 "Upp EON: © O Vy = fe Rysen ant =e) tn Rapin 8. ic Wi Vee Ta Region B, nMos da in Sec! ond pros +4 in Lica mode. > Typ =D, a ee > k [e (au Vop-Ung) (Wout Up) — [Vout ‘ny ] z awd Vig= VL Vp Diffeuntiate weit. Vj, and pet See od, pel k, (Vsr-Vnyw) ek (2Maa Ve +Vin po Uo) = 2V at +Voyp Veo + ker Vain = In ee Eig ony a EEE jo Gkted ky® 5 ‘a 1+ ke -® © scanned with OKEN ScannerFa” @ must be selec With equation O A obtain Me numerical vals of Ver ord te ¢ inp audpud vo fitthe 6 ohoeapmndine pul v rape » Vout ON t= Ang bw Bll ya. Ragen D YiceVey In pepien D, wMos is in Linson beapion aud pMos is in Sal” Kapion. Ipp = fon = © (Vegy-Voypy 3 $5 fase San~ Vie] 2k, i _ v3 _® Xara fe fate ve 7 Land pid differen fiate above equation welt Vin p at 61) ond Vue Yn mee Vie Unp + Vaa,pt Kp (Myut + Vian) _O aH It kp fg" @ must be Acltd orth eq" @ % obtaiv the umericol Voluos of Vou and Vat + © scanned with OKEN ScannerBV Insoclen Aseasheld valle Tt AS cheficcd as Vyym Vin ® Vent “Fon Vis= Vout , doth Uxansistors ome 24 sof wed, | & (Vess-Vned © ale (Unig? Ung) = Efe tafe See be Hand kj a Ju gEpe ug EC) Vy = Vn Mie (ottnn) bi Tite f Vig aa fhe most cenpowrtant porameter chorac- -Jocitinp fhe DC porfotmancs of fhe nvoder. 7 ot Desipn of CMOS Tnottor > Vg aa on veberle poramalen. + Given Vyp, Urn ar ond Vip. fon dhe claimed | Valus of Vin, Ke com be found o4 ‘ Vi, - Vian ke Vpp't Vay — Vth 2 “whee wt Vp + Vy Ven _O catia a % ( Van - Vin Dp For om ideal invo, Vuvideal = 2 © scanned with OKEN ScannerEq). } becomes ke £5 Vay + Vn Gate). (FH sy mmet acon inful= ouput chat chuiabes, Minn = 1 Vss,y) Ey.) becomes wy. b= (i) > ase “(Ty 3 Gilby 4, 2580 oth (W/L), Ap 230 om/u-d | 7 (2), 2 as (W) SVTC of CMOS invordon with differnt nMOs- Ab- pMOS satios ice. clifford ke Values. Newt © scanned with OKEN Scanner| fee Aymmoliie ideal CMOS Inoue Minn = Wap) anc ke=d, The otihiead voltages Vip ond Vy Com be found as Vue (2 Vio + 24am) — 2 Vyinn and Vw = aaa 2 Vann) Note Thect Vyi + Vey = Vow - Ala BM Lew and biph molar madepins axee piven NM = Ver ~ Vou = Viv = Vip Vr =\, ond NMy = Vows Yew © veer 7 J NM = NM, = Ver % Supply ueltape Adonline an (MOS tnvor fers = Yk deme The overall power dissipation of oy dict) etdaub 2 a Strip function of The ae o V5 aupply weltayes, i e- ane ot With dhe Prowing Arend of oe 7 sheen ABipation i A e - Acole Gate tebe Ay: a and especial aa portable applications , ke “y Con scaling) of fhe pewor Aupbly volfape emoyes a © scanned with OKEN ScannerA one of fla moat widdy p kackicedk macs for ow power olesipn. The Ahbo characksdshot of tha CMOS anvorken allow Aipni fiat variation of the dup ply vol Fepe without ffectiog the funchionerlty of fla basic invoke. "The CMOS Angocbe WU embnur do operate Cohuelly with a supply Veltare , which 4s as dow 2, fiver belecs :- Veo = Mat ¥b,p] & This meosythat dhe conduct Javed oprohon will be sushiined of Aron aya Jory Seomnaly 3n Cmaduction. § Swrifels ev} 4 3 2 vo chotrockni ses | Dynami chat: Assume Vnyn= 1V & Va,pt-dV ory Vppnev | “Vp ¥ | 237 Nig —~ Vpp22V (limit case) Vine +n) af ctleast one ] Treansteut behasiowt of CMOS Tnoorders (Tine clomady bebo) © The Buitchivy chadio chenis Hes of alipitel cha lp eimeuitds olborming jhe ovorall openatins Apetd of oli pited Aystend. el © scanned with OKEN Scanner¢ Tohvvocuotion ~ —s Corsican fe cascade conn ction a) jus CMOS snyudea fier below. : la Le Cra & Cos — Capaci tances princcouly du bo overlap with oliffusie? -dapenclant juncken Capac fence Cap & Cobh Voltage. , fame Ov0% The pote ota. _y Thine oxide capac “ s : > Lumbed a Jeernnect copacitances. Tithe * 7 +o parasitic capac’ Fane contbution of dbs watal ob pelyail con connection defwea Yur beso anv Pou. LTE anumnd frab opulac rat foron rs applied » dle first Abe ancl output wlaveforon to yo be onal 2ed- © scanned with OKEN Scanner“Combined capacilanes at the eubpub rede S 4s colltd os Load capacibaner and atm fen oN Coat = Coda + Crap + Carat Carpe Catt Ge Nop fee ¥ Delay Time che fini tions "The propapation allay tines TPae & Thy clebooming the dts Vouk Jnput-Yo- output sipnal Ys tes fe Alloy cluring hiphe bln a | Gea and Aow- Fo biph Hransibion +> * of the cuthus Mesh yy, 1 ides le "heb iP * TpyL 7 Time olay Vey f -— —fe-— — -- AE - | | bebween the Vggy,~ bramiitn 7 a of the duding 2nput veltege | And the Veoy~ tHonsition No of the falling output Ht Veos i Voltage. Sk |! a ‘Try It is fed “F—T}7e OTe a3 the fime ouloy behwern Hy to t Vegy,7 teawition of the falling Gabel velfape andl Veer Sons hm of Hiding output velfepe. am Poe © scanned with OKEN Scanner(hn sini "To simplify jhe analysis, 3]p vellye woe form is usally assumed % be an ideal step pulsc with Pero prise and fl Henres. “Unclor such cMumphon Tra 4 us fine os Ha Bere Haguited fin Hy outpost whe fal fem Vag Mog deel and rr OM Nime reguined fin the output veltnpe fico Voy to Vson Ave: + The voltage poivd Voy 28 cle fined a Vio, = Von + °F (Vou Vou): Ton = tints ond Taye t-te . Tp - assope prepopotion alloy Tpm_t TRH Tp oc ‘ a * Output veltaye pase on fall + Trane ~The Bane Sequined Veet fo tho ovdhut velteye Fo Kise ian the Veax aleve! Vag, Aevel. 7 Fines Trase ea © scanned with OKEN Scanner: Tha The inne Hequidol fox fle oud bud Veltape % bop from TLE Voyy level to V,, evel. Vion = Moet on) Vay ~ Vou) ond Vion = Va + 0:9 (Vay-Ver) Thu = te-ty and Trigg = tye § Caleda tien of lelay times Ay Avwrage Capacitonts cussent mathod + “Tf He capacifanes cwoent olesciap an outhut transi ten’ ts PSrorimated by a censhant averape covunt, Ty, the olelay Heer are found ad Low, = Coad * (AV) - Crone Won Veox) Rp HL Tove ne and Tp) = Lead * (Ay) = Cd + CUeon - i) Secs ONE LM Loup. tn If 3 Z . 7 t/e (Ya=Yon, Vo lay) + fg (Use Vy Vas Ve) Avenare Cound dla dive hiph- jo Kow Jans dion % caleulated usiny cwvunt Yolues at the bypimine Awol at the endl of the baantifion. © scanned with OKEN Scanner. Ka Stas laxty, Sawn ys * FY) delta Vou y Vous * Yeon), the (Yin Vou» Vout = v)] & Diffowab ral equation pafthod ‘We know thet \bo Crag ee atc Bp :n I — Yast * Finat we comidur fhe Vin eo Siding daft cose. fon the Coos ol tend Anvorter, “When A]p voltepe switche fiom low (vs) te hiph CVn), AMOS ja Awined ON ond Jt dharts fe oluchoye dhe Joocl cobaertance. Aso, pMOS 1 Awitehedl OFF. Sop %O Vagt AMbet and — Crgad at Tm Vig IE + Toaet > at = Coad WV yt p 4 = © scanned with OKEN ScannerH Vin working - “MMOS is Jn Actu sect om, : when Vora = Vas.~Vaa,n Vou > Vpuct 2 Vou Vann kt \ t Wonk! out oy ond nMos es ans Ven Eiomes(et) mode, whan eee ae [hnos(n) Ve Vout < Vou” Von ats - te : a Thad ‘ het 6 ta 4 t ; far= fat + fale t fang Vey, = ~ a dVeut @ {os er pulse") - pn (tin) @ 0 ; Vayetne ota (Led. dVyut t ‘ yale) a Vou | Cid \ = 43 (Vass-Vnw) MoMan — 2 Gana fa Vout Ka (Vay Vinn)™ ou Vy Va Yan = 2 Mood Cond Te] (Vin Van)” “ © scanned with OKEN Scannera bet = 2C aq’ Voin (MY) @ t- + =e. Coed J Sop (tin) ‘ _k 2 = : 2. (Vin Von) Vout ~ Vow | + Wout L- tee 7 Croaol A Vout Ea[2(U yas ~ Veet) Pot 2 Von Ung) = ka andl pat = 7 -[2 Choad sl lai ky + (ro-x) £ — 2Crcna [fers mn ln fal ky of is é Inte) — en (ox) F 2 An (2 =) a abd Un (22) iene be 2 (Vou ee ony KE War Van) Vou Vnn © scanned with OKEN Scannereg jn ec Vina) “1 its load e t-t = ke Te (Woran) Vo + Vou “2 Tp = (t- t) + (er ts) Cd =o | 2 Minn ae Von n) -4] Ka (\yr Yan) | Cer Yan) ome For a CMOS invader, Vy = Yoo ond = OY & Gnd se felint els) 2 Toa = “h(a Mon) Woe Vp # Siu asdy, busi vp falling a code > os ap veltope id foo hgh Jo Jow (Var), nMOS 28 switched OFF and pMOS 32 ON- + Chesye-up evert of Vest frcom Vor et Vow 1 "" toke place. 2|Vinel Vin | =e Tone Nott TIS Ciara watt cee eg a 2. (Nou Mo Val abit Noel tn Van Veo 2 ar atin Pel) i Chad _ 2 Aor +n “f a = nal \ Trin ky (Vp 1 i) Vop~ [var © scanned with OKEN Scanner+ The Aufficient concli tion fon balenes ol prepagation Alay s ive Tom = bre areal 2. op ee ket ky (Wet oh Vane = | Maw aud kee > k ke ( - ,) ‘ Asseempfion ' * Effect of Hide Aime and fol Yas = The olemivalion of Tr and Try Ot baud m hy assum tio that alp sure ond fall Fires wud Zexo (Alp Aipnal changes dnstontancous hy (shep- pulae). Tee tect) ~ (aoe = * “(atep—i/p) + ee ond Toye) Tru (sep Zz. + Propagation deley firs Angrsares with Jackeate an paser and fk Hees of Japol aipral os per serhslions piotn above. S cmos Ring Opcivolon i - + TE shows asteble behaviowk #4 clip rte ctteuits, * Considin the cascade coancction of Toes Gaverters as Shaun 3a fipune? P.Fo. he © scanned with OKEN Scanner* The only De operating point, at which dhs input ond output Volages we) of oll the ayo ce egual te dhe Inverter Hheesbeld velhepe (Yn) 1 Jnhoneully unthable - Amel an dis turbanes au fle vo cle veltapes Would! make fhe cincurt eift away frcom the De oporaking peat - A cloud- Acop cascade connection of any odel number of anvetlou will olishlay ostable behaviour. ( © scanned with OKEN Scannerot —>, —i Ls Seal 3 “PL Tm 7 True 4 ret Tos 7 "In o Fa hepe wheat, the oatillahion pew cut at velfapes can be od T of omy of the avert erphesed a - : Tpryo tZencst “PHS Lp t Zpmat LHe T= Try, ft PLAT = 2Tp t 2:Tp +2:Tp (Assemp" ee jayotea with belamad prepapetien dilayd) = @Ep BL-3-Tp hy inven In peneral, fon we Atofe casoads 4" T= 2:n-Tp © scanned with OKEN Scanner§ Elmone's duly te Pate Satorcconwet Lins p con be moduld oy « Abatnidukol RC" vohwoik. And the dalay calculation OF seich ope cbalisbuled RC dint con be clone easily wip Elmoseo's clay formula. 7 Consi dur « feroeal fc ahaa shown below ~ a a ye! 67 $7 47 "Note thet O thru wu no Masiston Aaxps ba the Anewwit, ® oh the Capacifors in am RC free are Connected befween a noole and ths Proundl, and 6 thaye JB me Anbud node inthe cikewe. Definitions -- @ Let f. denote dhe Unigue oth from the Aaput node to necks “YU be 12,8, 0 Ne © scanned with OKEN Scanner“chek Ps =P: nF Olinode dhe pomtion of fhe pothe Pi , urkich yy common fe the path F- J signal 4 a step pulps of + Adsuming phe infu cura Hime t=O, the Elanonets olulay ot dias RC }pee as piven by = 2 (a9. orhesee Ryo The Pees atanees aha 14 present in Bj J Tog = 8 2 “i (Z,%) > (E& - fg) olap 0K HCO K+ Gk + R40, Rt Gs C,- (4K) 4 “Gyo (Qt het) +o (oe Siailanly, Zoe com be feuncl od (RR) +S (e+ ®)+ C,,: (Rit Rota) e Cy: The = Ce Rt + Ce «(Rr Rt Ry the) + & R + RAG? , © scanned with OKEN Scanner¥ Special Case Staple RC daddor wehwouk of ingle browch od Ahew a below “Elmone's ole laiy freom Ihe Input dy dhs cot put node (No cle Nn) can be found a4 N Zt (& key %)f For am ® um form RC Aaddin nehsonk, consisting of idenfeal elements (/M) ond (C/n), ox set m= le(a,%)3 ~ "&) zc=@& & Saciigig (a (Rake Cs CR,+ Ret Re)... at Cu (hit Rater Ry) =f.R OR CR ane NN Ret a Stet a ae a f. (1424 St +N) © scanned with OKEN ScannerRe Nine Ne e — RC Ind 3) eeu TH Ta = a e. a 7 ee ay EC 2 Propopetion delay of a dery-clistuibuled RC [ne is Amolleh than fhad of a dumped RC nefwortk (C1 0-698RC), * ——_——_—* —_ > —— Numodeals : . = 2.3V. a4 Condon a CMOS Sawoter WHA Vp ~ Vos = 9.5V. AL Vag 2 8:3V, Tosa= 2m when Caloutate the propapatian dloy folls from B8v ty b6SV. (Arsene Coon = $0046), me ushen Vout 0.2 Considue 0 CMOS Tavares with Vyp HEV andl C,= dp. The nMOS drandistoh Chonachesetctics = Ay Cop = gouAhl}v*, (wIt),= 10 oad Via = POV = =] © scanned with OKEN Scanner| Caledate dle full fee ( Tur) of the | output Velfape Using O Average Copeci forer cusount method , ond @ Dif founhal equation wothod. Q.3. Con stolen a CMos Rive dt Uatom, thet consid bs of 7 cascaded tn vote, Stages. The average | propapetion oltfay of am inverter shape is | Sns- Coloulete fle time period anc frcqunmey of odcllation ef fhe output wave form , od neds © scanned with OKEN Scanner