AON tay PROTECTION OF MOTOR, BUS-BAR AND TRANSMISSION LINE #Fault In Motor( Three Phase Induction Motor) SSCSRE MEM Resco ROR TCL Due to fault in the motor it do not work in proper way. The fault in three phase induction motor are internal fault and external fault. The internal fault occurs inside the induction motor and external fault occurs outside the Pee utestnmntccos Induction motors are of two types i.e squirrel cage rotor type and wound rotor type, but both rene cone ae PW Roms Beene ne Bias ty 1. Electrical Fault 2. Mechanical Fault: OOH LLeaRe ccna ca There are following types of electrical fault, Pyne ce gees at eg Se ee eR OCe STL as eae een cen aas cee en See ea Perea nents es mete t mentite DOG oe teens rts Suntec Ross ee rom CER Nec eC com eee CoCr elresua tei Phu kemeom Ores oka dice This fault is occurs when supply voltage goes under and over the specific limit. Due to which motor winding overheated and demage. @Over Load Fault: This fault is occurs when load is applied at shaft above the rated value. In this case motor draws ese eee atosts enn Ce ence ny omc n Tn eens es tet enn conte eyo wae This fault is occurs when any stator winding is connected with housing (body) of motor. Due to which motor is totally shorted and make cause of electrical shock.PRC ead DA ee eee en een Cnetea cn eek cee chant tae tCery RUC Beko manera aime nets Ry rts g)Phase to Phase Fault:- nA eo cee CCR on ne amore CeCe nC ROR aay Rent nT eomn Cree nso b)Staring Current Fault:- A MOR Monee a A enc ee noes CSR OM aan tcm thd eens 2. Mechanical Fault Further this fault is divided into three parts Ey Bicester oss This fault of fault occurs when the squirrel cage rotor bar is mechanically demages (broken).Pee ee eR Coe ea) Nese ut omeereV cate a ena cee tore Sue street Cee CnC a see Cer econ eo ena CRC Nee a tcom eR cer eed Enterta3. Environmental Fault PSR CO eet Eee ne eet se cee Coe eee Nee Rete va eyo‘The various types of the protective relay and circuit breaker are available for protecting the coe aoe ties ‘These relays sense the abnormal operating condition and make the circuit breaker to trip. SCE OS tS Omen aren Rt net ete ccon cet Renan ar na hs URC RO een n oe non nt Se kon eer acd BUENO eee a eo a One CR Cerner tn Centoce te Rn ts magnitude of the fault current.PERC SOR Ag eRO ent Sata ceranncs nee ress) ent n Ts rice SPR cat eine erat aoe ee ese ee eee soe ac The fuses and direct acting elements employ for the protection of the stator winding. SERCO CaS entra Cota Ce eae RC eC arn cere arn Tyo Pee Cm ce en eam CCR Rar CccR entrant each phase. Thermal relay is mainly used for protecting the motor from overheating. 3. Rotor overheating protection — SCE ere CeUnt acs ECS OTe cha C Ricans ee nnCerc omni cm yCenteT ee eTTy Oa inmate nacre mcm miter Cmit inate WG enc ogee Ngee oa cca Snes SCOR ce Sere Ree Ccccm tesco teePROC cece ee Dod ee TR CR ec RoC nO ere erty CO eS e Det resto cen nee 5. Reverse Phase Protection — eee ect een tae eer eee noe teem tee mS eee Cee nee Seti cer cre ea ce taut cepts Cetra ect Er PCS ane eee etait men Cr ccrant ttn ncn consists of a disc motor driven by the magnetic system. eee Ce a ete Cee ROCCE RS Cte OonenCRn cst ea Crit aae eta Tenn rectnc kas Cech Chet tei tnt tan the dise reverse and the disc start rotating in the opposite direction and hence open the PUcininaeone may Can Certtatsrttesi ra estate a tet Casttitaren meme rcn ta nts cd earFAULT ON BUSBAR Se een CE rin trer Chee t Rta nis Chee cen ot ertarinnd POOR Cente nm itac trot e CSc eect hatte SU nee Nr taecet enone td PEShe Ceara e ete eee ace coer @ Single line to ground fault is mostly occurs than phase to phase fault. CWemertan enn CeCectn eRe ante tt en Bt T Rn eten are te LUN ucR TC ate Kc Ome M erm E Lie PRs TTR Tact recente eter teet rtm tweets ert a b. Flash over across support insulator, causing flash over due to over-voltage. c. Heavily polluted insulator, causing flash-over due to overvoltage Pe eer aeetemeamret mere tants e. Earthquake, mechanical damagesa Foreign objects accidentally falling across fault current . Errors in the operation and maintenance of switch gear BUSBAR PROTECTION co Sn STENT See ee Rena Cente mer eRe cen macs atone a yt EMR Ogee OC SAT RAO KCCI CREME Oae On aa Rok ce Bn supply to the customers. So busbar protection must be done. ESCO CURD ee eT CU Gm eeSn enone demage and it would affect all the feeder. Cena eeactneateer stn tee cm teem catia criet) PM cence tates pasa een crete+e OF Ps Fm itouon oe kena) For the protection of busbar, the differential protection system is used for clearing the fault in Pera co cents PVR Oe ese UR oe a Rese) Ch Moreno eet aa oe Ine ncisa tcc Mens ean Cana Choa ater eecrn t ts tem rhorcceat ok tetera ta Cee te nosc ics The difference of the current under faulty condition is made to flow through the relay eer gcsT Oa Cen Cert ConCrcnmor Cac enCn ert ciCm i Ccre CCep rn en RO The differential protection scheme is used both for the protection of the phase-to-phase fault Printer ee tteCert em ey ees ee Uc cee te res eee Roe ec rece No secondary of the transformer becomes unequal. The differential currents flow through the PORT NEM eo conten on tent ee eeee CRs Cece a ected omerb. Fault Bus Protection Itis possible to design a station so that the fault that develop are mostly earth-fault. PROLOG na ae Scat eee tect reactor ONO me Neca Mon meer TeCeM ents ae e CR eRe ITCn TTS STC eRe tor ar sa er acct TNC Nae Ree ecm Or eRe ee By directing the flow of earth fault current, it is possible to detect the faults and determine their location. This type of protection is known as fault bus protection,Operation:- SECT cen are ROSE a eRe RM carte Rartecet ase ne toon Perstacontacre rer cteiamea tekes teeter sent at a ne cu anne e content Pont Nee CO Sane Menu nC OCC Orne nna mune ccc acer PRO eer CR het moe Mn ag eK C RMR yore DECOM Oa te EA Re rants Cte ntern tart ncn tne tsa TeeSupporting structure (fault bus) = To trip circuitFAULT ON TRANSMISSION LINE @ The faults occurs on the transmission line is due to its greater length and exposure to atmospheric condition. @ The faults occurs in transmission line are earth fault, phase to phase fault, overload fault, overcurrent fault etc. CRO eet eee etc an ene een chs Cees e A Mo cecleee Neco mca mee Lit APES M cece oman Led Pn Reece CR he ee C en Ckn enn Ceca Cn) ECC Tite LBs BCU N eMC OuO Mm eN Ce CL ameCr Noe mmr tctseb alte Cee Trn ntti iers nce tracert a) In case of short circuit, the circuit breaker nearest to the fault should open, all Pret ante oceania ie met rer eeetccn YN moe ee N cme Te SCs SC ULE TCR COR MMLC arom Meer oto Melee Ber Peta ee meet etertge torre ery corm SUC ntat en chen Cnr cca tes Choc cn icity TaN ZCPROTECTION OF TRANSMISSION LINE Overload Protection DIRS REN SOCOM Os ot cen Ce SINCERE SceCocmCC Cm ecTe Canseco or nent na Nt een om Chr tcd rat SUS cou iee moe aoe lest rome enUberi tinea Ugele seas This form of protection can be applied only to simple system. Dna oneC act en rte eines tant teat Carte Co Crk antec near cenit snccc ers Three CTs are mounted, one on the each phase of the feeder and are connected across the three relay coils. Stem Cenrin canteen ormct econ si C nm nc eeCeaeaco eee tre Cent een Tay eeerictachntee atte SETS ORS Cato eet RGR Ne RCN CRA ances me eeeee Neont-) BC SEL acoTe tr tcce oN operated and close the trip contact switch . The circuit breaker get a command signal and and eee nn Ce cece TsOvercurrent And Earth Fault Protection Trae eee aca ad can nominee ar scant EMT Rest Bod ee aN Rca CRC ort eremc ki tenten ates omen Cantera nt! erat ene Se CC nce ner anc crec Dect a acne aC ntaC CeCe PROBES Oh Oe ences ene Omni (oe Cmte ktm tom eC een one Cena evar nee crc tem Roo tomes tle et nerd Pn n cn eontecete here te ttm Moma Rage CCC Ec eR eR MC aetna Pomercc nee Ce eeCeecenen eet tt Ce A ence tkem en Sct aetice Meek icr nmin eat esorasC Cre tod SE CCEC eeeeae nee) ff} Poy a0 Peay Ute Mo eect tte ert ert nner nt Eee oat Cerne esc ctice tc enn inten Rca ete aCe sn eC ata opearte which in turn trips the cireuit breaker. Sees ee eG occ ecksonPILOT WIRE PROTECTION © Differential protection scheme is used for pilot wire protection. © In differential protection scheme, the current entering at one end of the line and leaving from Peet oma rite net ce Cute cater a rece nteoa a rorNee © Under normal working condition, the two currents at both ends are equal and pilot wires do ocean aesta cent ats een tthe © Under fault conditions, the two currents at two ends are no longer same, this causes rene ene ena Ma oe mem Tee eee RCT ao Rose CRIT) Poteet Oct Y Cee ECMO CRU RSC e Ce © The various schemes used with this method of protection are, SV CraurenO een ners Pa en tae tonsPCa eS Cre CC one com Ce ese ee oee j £ # Po wp cea Under normal condition, current entering the line at one end is equal to current leaving from the other end. Thus equal and opposite voltages are induced in the secondaries of C.T.s. at DCRR CM Creer cra Ce Tare eco Re econ PCR Cred Cc nem Ue Recent SOE CROCE LOM Men Ti om NERC Cee Neen sat Roseman Rate oC SMe OCR en ce cr aCseo Can eying crn SOR SEOAdvantages of Differential Pilot Wire Protection: © This system can be used for ring mains as well as parallel feeders. Beeb cart Career ect SOc Cut CMU NERC ceny eS geke eck aen com eoe © This system provides instantaneous relaying which reduces the amount of damage to over-head conductors resulting from arcing fault Disadvantages of Differential Pilot Wire Protection: Accurate matching of current transformers is very essential. If there is a break in the pilot-wire circuit, the system will not operate. This system is very expensive owing to the greater length of pilot wires required. peerena Or stems ern eter tren sommes crema a MCE See CCRC Meenas This system cannot be used for line voltages beyond 33 kV because of constructional difficulties in matching the current transformers.Translay Scheme © The translay relay is another type of differential relay. © The arrangement is similar to overcurrent relay but the secondary winding is not closed on cteale © Additionally copper ring or copper shading bands are provided on the central limb as shown in the Fig. 2.© These type of relays are used in the feeder protection and the scheme is called Translay ponent? © In this scheme, two such relays are employed at the two ends of feeder as Senn aT The secondaries of the two relays are connected to each other using pilot wires. The connection Pont aa Recent eR aac eC eke RtsOperation Under normal operating conditions, the current at the two ends of the feeder is same. The primaries of the two relays carry the same currents PR CCnea re TnCRTO CCRT ER CRccont ete emn CRD CeCe RCo esti tteTTy opposition, no current flows through the two secondaries circuits and no Ore Seen Catena ne MeCETo EN e APTN B ELL meee MD OCRCUEM ROL ECLA O Sm OO LeRe tC ROMAN CM CLIC MECE KC] different. Hence unequal voltages are induced in the secondaries. Hence the Otvati ec lolelmusl unc m iM BTM OCR Lcueec a mOrNctmecaecst tam CuCl ComceM Leo Tucet PORE ecrom ee MER ascT Pen Cees t ricer rset me ne is ten POC CE CMa et ere CrOMe Rn Certs ky Cerner eto ctg the torque just holds the movement in unoperated position. The care is taken CMC Ca CEO Mmoe rca en CEC mentiteECR okO md Cee neon se Nee POE eee Pana ange Pee nee ene kOe Cate eyS oc 4. The capacitive effects of pilot wire currents do not affect the operation of the relays.