Campbell's Biology: Concepts and Connections, 7e (Reece et al.

)
Chapter 4 A Tour of the Cell

4.1 Multiple-Choice Questions

1) Which of the following statements about cells is true?

A) All cells have cell walls.
B) All cells have internal structures that move.
C) All cells are attached to other cells.
D) All cells are motile.
Answer: B
Topic: 4.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

2) Light microscopes
A) typically provide more resolution than an electron microscope.
B) work by reflecting electrons off the surface of an object being studied.
C) use light and glass lenses to magnify an image.
D) are generally not used to view bacteria.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

3) One centimeter = ________ millimeters.

A) 0.01
B) 0.10
C) 10
D) 100
Answer: C
Topic: 4.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

4) Resolution is the
A) ability of an optical instrument to show two close objects as separate.
B) size of an image.
C) ability of an optical instrument to magnify an image.
D) distance between the lenses of a microscope.
Answer: A
Topic: 4.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

5) Which of the following statements about electron microscopes is true?

A) Electron microscopes focus electron beams to create a magnified image of an object.
B) Scanning electron microscopes are used to study the details of internal cell structure.
C) Transmission electron microscopes are mainly used to study cell surfaces.
D) Specimens must be sectioned to be viewed under a scanning electron microscope.
Answer: A
Topic: 4.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
1
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
6) A scientist wants to examine living cells lining the respiratory tract to determine how the cells use
tiny hairs to move dirt and mucus away from the lungs. Which of the following instruments would be
best, and why?
A) a light microscope, because it allows observations of whole, live cells
B) a transmission electron microscope, because it has high resolution
C) a scanning electron microscope, because it can reveal structures on cell surfaces
D) a scanning electron microscope, because it can be used to observe whole cells without slicing them
Answer: A
Topic: 4.1
Skill: Application/Analysis

7) The idea that all living things are composed of cells and that all cells come from other cells defines
A) the laws of inheritance.
B) organelle theory.
C) cell theory.
D) inheritance of acquired characteristics.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

8) A scientist wants to magnify a pollen grain 8,000 times and examine the ridges and pores on its
surface. Which one of the following instruments would be best?
A) a transmission electron microscope
B) a scanning electron microscope
C) a fluorescence confocal microscope
D) an inverted light microscope
Answer: B
Topic: 4.1
Skill: Application/Analysis

9) A scanning electron microscope is used to study ________, whereas a transmission electron

microscope is used to study ________.
A) live cells . . . dead cells
B) cell surfaces . . . internal cell structures
C) dead cells . . . live cells
D) internal cell structures . . . cell surfaces
Answer: B
Topic: 4.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

10) The diameter of most animal and plant cells ranges from
A) 0.1 to 1.0 micrometers.
B) 1.0 to 10 micrometers.
C) 10 to 100 micrometers.
D) 100 to 1000 micrometers.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

2
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
11) As cell size increases, the
A) volume and surface area decrease.
B) volume increases faster than the surface area.
C) surface area increases faster than the volume.
D) surface area and volume increase at the same rate.
Answer: B
Topic: 4.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

12) Which of the following cells has the greatest surface-to-volume ratio?
A) bacterium
B) human red blood cell
C) human muscle cell
D) ostrich egg
Answer: A
Topic: 4.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

13) A cell is exposed to a substance that prevents it from dividing. The cell becomes larger and larger.
This situation
A) should present no problem to the cell, since it can continue to perform all other necessary functions.
B) should present no problem to the cell, because the surface area of the cell will increase as the volume
of the cell increases.
C) will eventually be problematic, since the cell's ability to absorb nutrients through its outer membrane
will not keep increasing as quickly as its cytoplasmic needs.
D) should be beneficial, since the cell will be able to divert the ATP normally used for cell division to
other processes.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.2
Skill: Application/Analysis

14) Your throat is dry, and you want the last cough drop in the box to last a long time in your mouth.
What should you do?
A) Break the cough drop into little pieces and put them all in your mouth. Since each little piece must be
dissolved separately, the drop will last longer.
B) Keep the cough drop whole. This maintains the largest surface-to-volume ratio, and slows the
dissolution of the cough drop.
C) Break the cough drop into little pieces and put them all in your mouth. This decreases the surface-to-
volume ratio, and slows the dissolution of the cough drop.
D) It doesn't matter if the cough drop is in one piece or many pieces; the total amount of cough drop is
all that matters.
Answer: B
Topic: 4.2
Skill: Application/Analysis

3
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
15) Plasma membranes are permeable to
A) large hydrophilic molecules such as starch.
B) small ions such as Na+.
C) nonpolar molecules such as CO2.
D) hydrophilic molecules such as glucose.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

16) In the plasma membrane, the phospholipid heads

A) are hydrophilic and face outward towards the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane
B) are hydrophilic and face inward, shielded from water
C) are hydrophobic and face outward towards the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane
D) are hydrophobic and face inward, shielded from water
Answer: A
Topic: 4.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

17) Archaea are composed of ________ cells.

A) prokaryotic
B) bacterial
C) eukaryotic
D) animal
Answer: A
Topic: 4.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

18) Which of the following structures is exclusively associated with prokaryotic cells?
A) a membrane-bound nucleus
B) nucleoid
C) chromosome
D) ribosomes
Answer: B
Topic: 4.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

19) The nucleoid region of a prokaryotic cell

A) contains the cell's DNA.
B) separates the RNA from the cytoplasm.
C) is surrounded by a nucleoid membrane.
D) contains the cell's nucleoli.
Answer: A
Topic: 4.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

4
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
20) ________ cells lack a membrane-enclosed nucleus.
A) Plant
B) Prokaryotic
C) Eukaryotic
D) Fungal
Answer: B
Topic: 4.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

21) A bacterial cell's DNA is found in its

A) ribosomes.
B) nucleus.
C) nucleoid region.
D) capsule.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

22) Which of the following structures are used by prokaryotes for attaching to surfaces?
A) flagella
B) nucleoid
C) anchoring junctions
D) capsule
Answer: D
Topic: 4.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

23) The membranous compartmentalization of a cell

A) divides the cell into two equal-sized halves.
B) allows different chemical conditions to be maintained in different parts of the cell.
C) requires the presence of a cell wall.
D) is common to both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Answer: B
Topic: 4.4
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

24) Which of the following statements about internal membranes in eukaryotic cells is false?
A) In eukaryotic cells, internal membranes greatly increase a cell's total membrane area.
B) In eukaryotic cells, internal membranes provide an additional area for many metabolic processes to
occur.
C) In eukaryotic cells, internal membranes form membranous compartments called organelles.
D) In eukaryotic cells, internal membranes standardize the internal environment of all cellular
organelles.
Answer: D
Topic: 4.4
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

5
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
25) You are told that the cells on a microscope slide are plant, animal, or bacterial. You look at them
through a microscope and see cell walls and membrane-bound organelles. You conclude correctly that
the cells
A) are plant cells.
B) are animal cells.
C) are bacterial cells.
D) could be either plant or bacterial cells.
Answer: A
Topic: 4.4
Skill: Application/Analysis

26) Unlike animal cells, plant cells have ________ and ________. Unlike plant cells, animal cells have
________.
A) chloroplasts . . . cell walls . . . centrioles
B) centrioles . . . chloroplasts . . . cell walls
C) chloroplasts . . . cell walls . . . a nucleus
D) centrioles . . . cell walls . . . large central vacuoles
Answer: A
Topic: 4.4
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

27) Which of the following statements about cellular metabolism is false?

A) Cellular metabolism includes different processes that require different conditions.
B) Cellular metabolism can occur within organelles.
C) Cellular metabolism occurs in animal but not plant cells.
D) Cellular metabolism often occurs on the surfaces of internal membranes.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.4
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

28) The nucleus of a cell

A) is surrounded by a single layer of membrane.
B) is contained within the nucleolus.
C) contains DNA.
D) is the primary location of protein synthesis.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.5
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

29) The complex of proteins and DNA in a nondividing cell is called

A) chromatin.
B) a nucleolus.
C) a ribosome.
D) a lysosome.
Answer: A
Topic: 4.5
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

6
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
30) During cell reproduction, chromatin fibers coil up into structures called
A) ribosomes.
B) lysosomes.
C) chromosomes.
D) nucleoli.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.5
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

31) The function of the nucleolus is

A) to manufacture polypeptides.
B) to manufacture ribosomal RNA.
C) intracellular digestion.
D) to store chromatin.
Answer: B
Topic: 4.5
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

32) Protein synthesis requires the use of mRNA, which

A) is made in the nucleolus.
B) must be made by the ribosomes.
C) is translated by the ribosomes into the amino acid sequences of proteins.
D) carries the message to the nucleus to synthesize new DNA during cell division.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.5
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

33) Which location in the cell is unlikely to contain ribosomes or ribosomal subunits?
A) nuclear envelope
B) plasma membrane
C) endoplasmic reticulum
D) cytoplasm
Answer: B
Topic: 4.6
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

34) Which of the following statements regarding the endomembrane system is false?
A) The endomembrane system is involved in the synthesis, storage, and export of important molecules.
B) The endomembrane system includes the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
C) The endomembrane system includes the nuclear envelope.
D) The endomembrane system is a system of interrelated membranes that are all physically connected.
Answer: D
Topic: 4.7
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

7
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
35) The endomembrane system includes all of the following organelles except the
A) plasma membrane.
B) endoplasmic reticulum.
C) peroxisome.
D) Golgi apparatus.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.7
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

36) An immune system cell called the plasma cell produces thousands of antibodies per second for
release into the body. What type of intracellular structure would you expect to be very prominent within
the cell?
A) nucleus
B) endoplasmic reticulum
C) peroxisome
D) microtubules
Answer: B
Topic: 4.8
Skill: Application/Analysis

37) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A) stores calcium ions in muscle cells.
B) is the major site of carbohydrate synthesis in eukaryotic cells.
C) produces proteins for cell membranes.
D) helps assemble ribosomes for protein synthesis.
Answer: A
Topic: 4.8
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

38) The two main functions of the rough endoplasmic reticulum are the production of
A) mitochondria and proteins secreted by the cell.
B) hydrogen peroxide and steroid hormones secreted by the cell.
C) ribosomes and steroid hormones.
D) membrane and proteins secreted by the cell.
Answer: D
Topic: 4.8
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

39) Secretory proteins are

A) produced by ribosomes on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
B) chemically modified in the nucleus.
C) produced by the cell for internal use.
D) released from the cell through the plasma membrane.
Answer: D
Topic: 4.8
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

8
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
40) The cells that produce hair contain a lot of ________, while the cells that produce the oils that coat
the hair contain a lot of ________.
A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum . . . lysosomes
B) rough endoplasmic reticulum . . . smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) smooth endoplasmic reticulum . . . rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) microbodies . . . lysosomes
Answer: B
Topic: 4.8
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

41) The Golgi apparatus

A) is composed of stacks of membranous vesicles that are continuous with one another.
B) stores, modifies, and packages proteins.
C) strings together amino acids to produce proteins.
D) is the site of carbohydrate breakdown.
Answer: B
Topic: 4.9
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

42) Which of the following statements regarding the Golgi apparatus is false?
A) The Golgi apparatus works closely with the endoplasmic reticulum.
B) The Golgi apparatus serves as a molecular warehouse and finishing factory.
C) The Golgi apparatus decreases in size when a cell increases its protein production.
D) The Golgi apparatus modifies chemicals received from the endoplasmic reticulum.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.9
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

43) Which of the following statements about lysosomes is false?

A) Lysosomes help to digest worn-out or damaged organelles.
B) Lysosomes synthesize proteins from the recycled amino acids.
C) Lysosomes fuse with food vacuoles to expose nutrients to lysosomal enzymes.
D) Lysosomes destroy harmful bacteria engulfed by white blood cells.
Answer: B
Topic: 4.10
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

44) When a cell is deprived of oxygen, its lysosomes tend to burst and release their contents into the
cell. As a result of this, that cell will
A) recycle damaged organelles.
B) undergo cell division.
C) produce replacement lysosomes.
D) undergo self-digestion and die.
Answer: D
Topic: 4.10
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

9
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
45) Tay-Sachs disease results from the malfunction of
A) mitochondria.
B) lysosomes.
C) endoplasmic reticulum.
D) nucleoli.
Answer: B
Topic: 4.10
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

46) Tay-Sachs disease

A) causes an accumulation of lipids in brain cells.
B) involves damage to liver cells.
C) is due to the absence of an enzyme that digests polysaccharides.
D) prevents the breakdown of glycogen.
Answer: A
Topic: 4.10
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

47) Which of the following statements about the functions of a plant cell central vacuole is false?
A) The central vacuole of a plant cell may help increase the size of cells by absorbing water.
B) The central vacuole of a plant cell may store waste products.
C) The central vacuole of a plant cell may digest chemicals for recycling.
D) The central vacuole of a plant cell may store poisons.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.11
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

48) Contractile vacuoles

A) are generally found in protists that inhabit salt water.
B) help in the excretion of excess salt.
C) prevent cells from bursting as a result of the influx of excess water.
D) allow organisms to avoid dehydration by absorbing water from the environment.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.11
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

49) A manufacturing company dumps its wastes into a nearby pond. One of the wastes is found to
paralyze the contractile vacuoles of certain protists. A biologist looking at individual samples of these
organisms taken from the pond would find that they
A) have lost water and shrunk.
B) have gained water and burst.
C) have died of malnutrition.
D) have died because wastes have built up in the cytoplasm.
Answer: B
Topic: 4.11
Skill: Application/Analysis

10
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
50) Which organelle is involved in the catabolism of fatty acids and the detoxification of alcohol?
A) peroxosome
B) Golgi apparatus
C) smooth ER
D) ribosomes
Answer: A
Topic: 4.12
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

51) Insulin is a protein that is produced by pancreatic cells and secreted into the bloodstream. Which of
the following options correctly lists the order of the structures through which insulin passes from its
production to its exit from the cell?
A) rough ER, transport vesicles, Golgi apparatus, transport vesicles, cell membrane
B) rough ER, lysosomes, transport vesicles, cell membrane
C) rough ER, Golgi apparatus, smooth ER, cell membrane
D) rough ER, transport vesicles, Golgi apparatus, vacuole, cell membrane
Answer: A
Topic: 4.12
Skill: Application/Analysis

52) The function of mitochondria is

A) cellular respiration.
B) lipid synthesis.
C) photosynthesis.
D) intracellular digestion.
Answer: A
Topic: 4.13
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

53) Cyanide inhibits mitochondrial function; as a result, the rate of

A) ATP synthesis increases.
B) ATP synthesis decreases.
C) photosynthesis increases.
D) protein synthesis increases.
Answer: B
Topic: 4.13
Skill: Application/Analysis

54) The ________ of a mitochondrion is/are an adaptation that increases the surface area and enhances a
mitochondrion's ability to produce ATP.
A) stroma
B) intermembrane space
C) cristae
D) matrix
Answer: C
Topic: 4.13
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

11
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
55) The function of chloroplasts is
A) cellular respiration.
B) lipid synthesis.
C) photosynthesis.
D) intracellular digestion.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.14
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

56) The stroma is the

A) thick fluid enclosed by the inner chloroplast membrane.
B) watery fluid enclosed by the inner membrane of a mitochondrion.
C) space between the inner and outer membranes of a chloroplast.
D) space between the inner and outer membranes of a mitochondrion.
Answer: A
Topic: 4.14
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

57) Mitochondria differ from chloroplasts in that mitochondria

A) convert light energy from the sun to chemical energy, whereas chloroplasts convert one form of
chemical energy to another.
B) contain three different membrane-bound compartments, whereas chloroplasts contain two.
C) contain membrane folds called cristae, whereas chloroplasts contain disk-like vesicles in stacks called
grana.
D) are not found in plants, whereas chloroplasts are not found in animals.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.13, 4.14
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

58) The endosymbiosis hypothesis proposes that

A) two cells were juxtaposed and one benefited from the other.
B) a small cell lived inside a larger cell to the benefit of both cells.
C) a large cell engulfed and digested a smaller cell, exposing its enzymes for use by the larger cell.
D) two cells merged into one cell, improving the enzyme function of the new cell.
Answer: B
Topic: 4.15
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

59) The endosymbiosis hypothesis is supported by all of the following pieces of evidence, except the
fact that
A) mitochondria have circular DNA like prokaryotes.
B) mitochondria use ATP like prokaryotes.
C) chloroplasts have ribosomes like prokaryotes.
D) chloroplasts reproduce through a splitting process like certain prokaryotes.
Answer: B
Topic: 4.15
Skill: Application/Analysis

12
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
60) Microfilaments differ from microtubules in that microfilaments
A) are thicker than microtubules.
B) are found only in plants, whereas microtubules are found in both plant and animal cells.
C) are mainly composed of actin, whereas microtubules are composed of tubulin.
D) help to anchor organelles, whereas microtubules primarily function to help cells change shape and
move.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.16
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

61) Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is false?

A) The cytoskeleton helps to support cells.
B) Once laid down, the elements of the cytoskeleton are fixed and remain permanently in place.
C) The cytoskeleton is composed of three types of fibers: microfilaments, microtubules, and
intermediate filaments.
D) The cytoskeleton plays an important role in amoeboid motion.
Answer: B
Topic: 4.16
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

62) Intermediate filaments

A) guide the movements of chromosomes.
B) surround the nucleus.
C) guide the movements of organelles.
D) support the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Answer: B
Topic: 4.16
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

63) A drug that interferes with microtubule formation is likely to completely disrupt
A) the amoeboid motion of a cell.
B) the function of lysosomes.
C) contraction of muscle cells.
D) the movements of sperm cells.
Answer: D
Topic: 4.17
Skill: Application/Analysis

64) Cilia differ from flagella in that

A) cilia contain nine microtubule doublets surrounding a central pair of microtubules, while flagella
contain only nine microtubule doublets.
B) the protein filaments of cilia are "naked," while those of flagella are wrapped in an extension of the
cell membrane.
C) cilia are typically more numerous and shorter than flagella.
D) cilia are anchored only in the proteins of the cell membrane, while flagella are anchored in a special
structure called the basal body.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.17
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

13
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
65) A basal body is
A) composed of nine microtubule triplets surrounding a central pair of microtubules.
B) similar in structure to centrioles.
C) composed of nine microtubule doublets surrounding a central pair of microtubules.
D) identical in structure to cilia.
Answer: B
Topic: 4.17
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

66) Dynein feet

A) are present in cilia but not in flagella.
B) are knobs of carbohydrate that are essential to the movement of cilia and flagella.
C) are found on microtubules in cilia and flagella and cause movement by grabbing and pulling at
adjacent microtubule doublets.
D) are the anchoring proteins in basal bodies.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.17
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

67) A woman is having trouble becoming pregnant. Examination of her partner's sperm indicates that
dynein feet are missing from the flagella in his sperm cells. A physician explains that this could interfere
with fertility by
A) preventing the sperm from attaching to the egg cell.
B) preventing the sperm from swimming to the egg cell.
C) preventing the sperm from producing enough energy to power swimming.
D) interfering with the attachment of the flagella to the sperm.
Answer: B
Topic: 4.17, 4.18
Skill: Application/Analysis

68) Decreased fertility in men from developed countries may be related to

A) increased exposure to hormone-like chemicals in the environment.
B) decreased flagella motion due to inactivity.
C) increased sperm motility from multiple flagella.
D) decreased metabolic levels from overexposure to UV rays.
Answer: A
Topic: 4.18
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

69) Most animal cells are

A) surrounded by a cell wall.
B) attached to each other via plasmodesmata.
C) embedded in an extracellular matrix.
D) embedded in a lipid matrix.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.19
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

14
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
70) The extracellular matrix attached to cells via glycoproteins that then bind to _______ in the plasma
membrane.
A) dynein
B) collagen
C) integrins
D) polysaccharides
Answer: C
Topic: 4.19
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

71) Which of the following would be most affected by a mutation that prevented cells from forming
tight junctions?
A) attachment of cells to the surrounding matrix
B) direct flow of water and small molecules from one cell to another
C) integrity of the inner lining of the digestive tract
D) attachment of the cytoskeleton to the inside of the plasma membrane
Answer: C
Topic: 4.20
Skill: Application/Analysis

72) Skin cells are fastened into strong sheets by

A) basal bodies.
B) anchoring junctions.
C) tight junctions.
D) communicating junctions.
Answer: B
Topic: 4.20
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

73) It is essential for heart muscle cells to beat in a coordinated fashion. The cell junctions that would
best facilitate this are
A) occluding junctions.
B) anchoring junctions.
C) tight junctions.
D) gap junctions.
Answer: D
Topic: 4.20
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

74) Which of the following statements about plant cell walls is false?
A) Plant cell walls consist of cellulose fibers embedded in a matrix of polysaccharides and proteins.
B) Plant cell walls are multilayered structures.
C) Plant cell walls protect plant cells by forming an impermeable layer around the cell.
D) Wood is primarily composed of plant cell walls.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.21
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

15
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
75) Which of the following statements regarding plasmodesmata is false?
A) Plasmodesmata penetrate plant cell walls.
B) Plasmodesmata carry chemical messages between plant cells.
C) Plasmodesmata carry nutrients between plant cells.
D) Plasmodesmata are found in plants as well as some single-celled organisms.
Answer: D
Topic: 4.21
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

76) Which of the following cell structures is associated with the breakdown of harmful substances or
substances that are no longer needed by the cell?
A) chloroplasts
B) mitochondria
C) peroxisomes
D) centrioles
Answer: C
Topic: 4.22
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

77) Which of the following statements regarding cells is false?

A) All cells are enclosed in a membrane that maintains internal conditions different from the
surroundings.
B) All cells have a cell wall.
C) All cells can interconvert forms of energy.
D) All cells have DNA as their genetic material.
Answer: B
Topic: 4.22
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

78) A child dies following a series of chronic bacterial infections. At the autopsy, the physicians are
startled to see that the child's white blood cells are loaded with vacuoles containing intact bacteria.
Which of the following explanations could account for this finding?
A) A defect in the Golgi apparatus prevented the cells from processing and excreting the bacteria.
B) A defect in the rough endoplasmic reticulum prevented the synthesis of the antibodies (defensive
proteins) that would have inactivated the bacteria.
C) A defect in the cell walls of the white blood cells permitted bacteria to enter the cells.
D) A defect in the lysosomes of the white blood cells prevented the cells from destroying engulfed
bacteria.
Answer: D
Topic: 4.22
Skill: Application/Analysis

16
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
4.2 Art Questions

1) According to this figure, which of the following is large enough to see in the light microscope?

A) atoms
B) proteins
C) viruses
D) mitochondria
Answer: D
Topic: 4.1
Skill: Application/Analysis

17
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
2) Which part of the mitochondrion shown enhances its ability to produce ATP by increasing the surface
area of a mitochondrial membrane?

A) structure A
B) structure B
C) structure C
D) structure D
Answer: D
Topic: 4.13
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

18
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
4.3 Scenario Questions

After reading the paragraph, answer the question(s) that follow.

The skin is the body's largest organ. It's made up of many different types of cells. Oils, produced by the
sebaceous glands, prevent the skin from drying and splitting. The protein melanin, produced by
melanocytes in the epidermis, protects the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation. Sweat,
released through ducts to the skin surface, helps to cool the body. The types of cells that produce these
compounds have different numbers of specific organelles, depending on their function.

1) Based on their function, you would expect melanocytes in the skin to have a higher than usual
number of
A) lysosomes.
B) chloroplasts.
C) ribosomes.
D) microtubules.
Answer: C
Topic: 4.6
Skill: Application/Analysis

2) The oil from the sebaceous glands is produced by which of the following cell organelles?
A) ribosomes
B) rough endoplasmic reticulum
C) cell membrane
D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: D
Topic: 4.8
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

19
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.