Name....................................................................... Index number ...............................

Class.................... Adm no .......................Candidate's signature ............................... .

School .....................................................

233/I
CHEMISTRY
Paper l
THEORY
MAY. 2024
2 Hours

KALA PRE-TRIAL 2024

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
CHEMISTRY
Paper l
THEORY

Instruction to Candidates
• Write your name, index number class and admission number in the spaces provided
• Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided.
• Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
• Mathematical tables and silent electronic calculators may be used.
• All working must be clearly shown where necessary.
• This paper consists of 13 printed pages
• Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as indicated
and no questions are missing.
• Candidates should answer the questions in English.

For Examiner's Use Only

Questions Maximum Score Candidates Score

- -

1-27 80

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 I .Two miscible liquids K and H have boiling points of 58°C and 93°C.If the liquids are mixed
accidentally,
a) Suggest a method used to separate the mixture. (I mark)

b) Which liquid will be collected first? Explain. (lmark)

c) State two industrial applications of the method identified in (a) (l mark)

2. Element J whose atomic number is 31 has two isotopes. The table below shows the mass
numbers and the relative abundance for each isotope.
Mass Relative abundance %
69 60.4
71 39.6

a) Determine the number of neutrons in the isotope with mass number 69 (lmark)

b) Calculate the relative atomic mass of element J (2marks)

· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·...;· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·�· · · · · · · · · · · · ·

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 3. Two ions P+2 and Q3- have an electron arrangement of 2.8.8.
a) Write the electron arrangement of:

P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( Yimark)

Q. · · · · · · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( Yimark)

b) The mass number of element Q is 31. Draw the structure of the atom of Q. (2mark)

c) Write the formula of the compound formed when Pis burnt in chlorine gas. (I mark)

4. The table below shows characteristics of selected hydrocarbons. Study the information and
answer the questions that follow.

Number of carbon atoms Relative molecular mas of

per molecule hydrocarbon
4 56
5 70
6 84

a) Compound T is the second member of the homologous series represented in the table
above. Calculate the relative molecular mass of compound T. (1mark)

b) The compound T in (ii) above undergoes polymerization to form a polymer V with

relative molecular mass of 32760. Determine the number of monomers used to produce
the polymer V. (C 12; H 1) = (2marks) =

5. a) Define half-life. (lmark)

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 b) A radioactive element with a mass 50g has a half-life of 10 seconds. Sketch a graph of mass
against time to show how the element mass varies with time if it decays for 20 seconds.
(2marks)
50

40

"@) 30
'-"'
"'
"'
� 20
�
10

0 10 20 30 40

Time (sec)
6. The set- up below was used to study one of the chemical properties of ammonia. Study it and
answer the questions that follow.
lass rod

Dry oxygen__,.
\

a) Identify metal M (lmark)

b) State two observations that would be made during the experiment above. (lmark)

c) Write an equation for the reaction that occurs. (lmark)

·4

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 7. Starting with 50 cm3 of 2M sodium hydroxide describe how crystals of sodium sulphate can be
prepared in the laboratory. (3marks)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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8. Below are PH values of some solutions.

PH I
Solution A
6. 5
B
I 13. 5 I I I
C
! 2.2 � 2

a) Which solution is likely to be

I Rain water
............ .................................................................................(lmark)
II Potassium hydroxide
..... ...... .... . ..... ..... .... ...... ...... ............... ..... ..(lmark)
b) A basic substance V reacted with both solutions B and C. What is the nature ofV.

...................................... ............................. ............................. (lmark)

9. The solubility curve for potassium nitrate is shown below.

200 m11i1nimnmm111nn111

... m11m111mrn1nu11111111u•um1
I 120
C!O
8
�
�
80
i
0
r:l'l

40

0 20 '4D 60 BO.., JOO

T�°C

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 a) Define the term solubility. (lmk)

b) Determine the molarity of saturated potassium nitrate solution at 50°C. (2mks)

(K=39.0, 0=1 6. 0, N=14.0 and density of water l g/cm3).

10. Study the set-up below and use it to answer the questions that follow:
Magnesium ribbon
Delivery tube

__ /
Heat Heat -,'\
8:------=---::::4 - Water

a) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction that takes place in the flask (lmark)

b) Give a reason why the magnesium ribbon was coiled. (lmark)

c) State and explain the precaution that should be taken at the ena of the experiment.
(I mark)

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 11. Alkanes are used as fuels. Methane undergoes complete combustion to produce a lot of heat.
a) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction that takes place. (lmark)

b) Use the bond energies in the table below to calculate the enthalpy change for complete
combustion of methane. (3marks)
BOND BOND ENERGY kJ/mol

0=0 496

0 - H 463

C-H 412

C=O 743

1 2. The set up below was used to prepare and collect hydrogen sulphide gas

Solid A

a) Complete the set up to show how the gas is collected (2marks)

b) State the observation made when hydrogen sulphide gas is bubbled into a solution of
Lead (II) nitrate. Explain (2 marks)

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 13. A piece of phosphorus was burnt in excess air and the product obtained was shaken with a small
amount of hot water to make a solution.
a) Write an equation for the burning of phosphorus in excess air. (lmark)

b) State the observation that would be made when both red and blue litmus papers are dipped into the
resulting solution (lmark)

14. Study the information in the table below and use it to answer the questions that follow:
Elements Na Mg Al Si p s Cl
Atomic numbers 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Atomic radii (nm) 0.157 0.136 0.125 0.117 0.110 0.104 0.099
a) Compare the atomic radius of sodium and aluminium, Explain. (2marks)

b) Explain how the oxide of aluminium differs from the oxides of other metals in the period.
(2 marks)

15. The equation below represents the reaction between marble chips and dilute hydrochloric acid.
Ca C OJCsl + 2HClcaq) 0 CaChcaq) + C02cg) + H20o)

- The rate ofreaction between marble chips and hydrochlm:ic can be increased by using calcium
carbonate powder instead of marble chips. State two other ways in which the rate of the
reaction above can be increased. (2mark)

16. a) State the condition required for a Bunsen burner to produce a non-luminous flame.
(lmark)

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 b) Describe an experiment that can be used to identify the hottest region of the non-luminous
flame. (2marks)

17. In the manufacture of sodium carbonate by solvay process, ammoniated brine trickles down
the carbonator while carbon (IV) oxide rise up.
(a) What is ammoniated brine. (1 mark)

(b) What is the main source of carbon (IV) oxide in the above process. (1 mark)

c) State one use of carbon (IV) oxide and state the property of the gas which the use depends
on (lmark)

18.a) State Gay Lussacs law. (lmark)

(b) 48 cm3 of methane gas was exploded with 212cm3 of oxygen and the mixture allowed to
cool. Calculate the volume of the gaseous residue obtained if the reaction was carried out at
room temperature and pressure. (2marks)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :-:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19.Name of a suitable method that can be used to extract potassium from its ore. Explain (lmark)

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 20. Study the table below and answer the questions that follow.
Substance A B c D E F
Melting point ( 0c) 801 113 39 -101 1356
119
Boiling point 0c 1410 445 457 54 -36 2860
Electrical Solid poor Poor Good Poor Poor Poor
Conductivity Liquid Good Poor Good Poor Poor Poor

i) Identify the substance that has a metallic structure. Explain. (lmark)

ii) Substance A and C conduct electric current in the liquid state. State how the two substances
differ as conductors of electric current. (2marks)

21. When excess chlorine gas is bubbled through cold dilute sodium hydroxide solution the
resulting solution act as a bleaching agent.
(a) Write an equation for the reaction between chlorine gas and cold dilute sodium hydroxide
solution.
(I mark)

(b) Explain how the resulting solution act as a bleaching agent (lmark)

(c) Other than bleaching state one use of chlorine (I mark)

IO

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 22. Describe how you can distinguish between dilute sulphuric (VI) acid and ethanoic acid.
(2marks)

23. Crystals of lead (II) nitrate and potassium iodide were placed on opposite ends of a petri dish
with water as shown below.

Potassium iodide --b n} Lead (II) nitrate crystal

crystal

a) State the observation that would be made after some time (1mark)

b) On the diagram above indicate with an X the likely position of the observation made in (i)
above. (Pb = 207 , I = 127) (I mark)

c) Explain your observation in (b) above. (1 mark)

24. Describe an experiment that can be used to determine the percentage of air used for rusting.
(3marks)

11

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 25. Study the table below and answer the questions that follow.
Element Atomic radii (nm) Ionic radii (nm)
x 0.07 1 0.136
y 0. 099 0.181
z 0.114 0.195

a) Do the elements represent a metallic or non-metallic group? Explain. (I mark)

b) Compare atomic and ionic radii of the elements. Explain. (lmark)

c) Identify the strongest oxidizing agent. (I mark)

26. Alkanol is one of the homologous series of organic compounds

a) Give the name and structural formula of the fourth member of this series
I) name; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I mark)

II) structural formula (I mark)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

b) Write an equation for the complete combustion of the fourth member of this series (1 mark)
- - ,.._

- 12

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 27.a) The table below shows how solubility of some substances in water varies with temperature
Substance Change of solubility with temperature (g/lOOg of water)
0°C 20°c 40°C 60°C
w 0.334 0.16 0.097 0.0058
x 27.603 34.0 40.0 45.5
y 35.70 36.0 36.6 37.3

Which of the above substances is likely to be a gas? Explain (2 marks)

b) Explain the following observation. A chloride dissolves in water to form an electrolyte while
the same chloride dissolves in methylbenzene to form a non-electrolyte. (1 marks)

13

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