1
TEST CODE 02238010
FORM TP 2006265 MAY/JUNE 2006
CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL
ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION
PHYSICS
UNIT 02 - PAPER 01
t hour 45 minutes
READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY
l. This paper consists of NINE questions. Candidates must attempt
ALL questions.
2. Candidates MUST write in this answer booklet and all working MUST NOTHING HAS BEEN OMITTED
beCLEARLY shown.
3. The use of non-programmable calculators is permitted.
Copyright @ 2005 Caribbean Examinations Council @.
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LIST OF PHYSICAL CONSTANTS 1. (a) (i) What is the physical reason for copper being a better conductor than a matcrial
such as nichrome which is used to make resistors?
Speed of light in free space c 3.00xl08msr
Pcrmcability of free space Fo 4n x lo-1 Hm-r
Pcrrnittivity of free space c0 8.85 x l0-r2 Fm-r
Elementary charge ( l 60 x l0-re C ( ii) Sketch a graph to show how the rcsistance per unit length of a wire varies with
the cross-sectional area of the wire.
'l'he Planck's constant h 6.63xl03aJs
tlnified atomic mass constant u 1.66 x 10-27 kg
Resistance
per unit length
Rcst mass of clcctron lflt [Link] x l0 srkg
Rest mass of'proton lflP 1.67 x 10-27 kg
Acceleration of free l-all o 9.8lms2
Area
I Atmosphere Atm l.00xlOsNm2 Figure I
Avogadro's constant NA 6.O2 x 1023 per mole (iii) Write an equation relating the resistance per unit length to the area of the wire
[ 3 marks]
(b) A small heater is constructed from nichrome wire with a diameter of 0.45 mm. The
heater produces heat at a rate of 25 W from a 9 V supply.
Nichrome
wtne
Figure 2
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(i) What is the resistance of the heater?
o) The potentiometer is calibrated so that the p.d. across its 1.00 m wire is 2.00 V.
(i) When the switch is open the balance length is found to be 54.2 cm. What is the
e.m.f. of the cell X?
(ii) The length of nichrome wire required to make the heater is 42 cm. Calculate the
[ 2 marks]
resistivity of nichrome, remembering to give the correct unit.
(ii) When the switch is closed the balance length changes to 36.6 cm. Given that
the resistance of R is 5.00 C), determine the internal resistance of the cell X.
[ 7 marks]
Total l0 marks
(a) Complete the circuit below to show how a slide-wire potentiometer could be set up to
' compare the p.d. across PQ with the switch open to the p.d. when the switch is closed.
[ 4 marksl
Total l0 marks
3. (a) Describe briefly, with the aid of a diagram, a practical application of electrostatics.
[ 4marksl [ 2 marks]
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(b) Thc gowns worn in the operati ng theatre of a hospital are never made of synthetic 4. (a)
materials such as nylon. Suggest a reason for this. 50 ka
v
-l+0
>-("
[ 2 marks]
(c) An electric field is set up by applying a high voltage between two parallel metal plates
1.5 mm apart.
1.5 mm Figure 4
(i) Write the formula for the gain of each of the amplifiers which are cascaded in
the diagram above.
A Gain =
Figure 3 B Gain =
(i) (lomplete the diagram in Figure 3 to show the electric field between the plates.
llmarkl
(ii) If the electric field is strong enough sparks will pass through the air between the
plates. Explain this process. [ 2 marks]
(ii) Mark with an X any point or points on the circuits above which would be regarded
as a virtual earth. Ilmark]
(iii) If the input voltage is 0.3 V what is the output voltage, Vou,?
[ 2 marks]
(iii) Calculate the magnitude of the greatest voltage which may be applied to the
plates without causing sparks. The breakdown field strength of dry air is
3x106Vm-r.
[ 3 marks]
Total l0 marks [ 3 marks]
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(a) In the space below draw a circuit diagram to show how a half-adder can be constructed
(b) Three signals V
,, V, and V, are to be combined to produce an output Vou, such that from three other logic gates. Also draw up a truth table to show how it functions.
vo*= -2v,-gv2- vJ
Input 1 Input 2
Design a circuit to achieve this objective using only resistors with values between
l5 kO and 200 kQ.
[3 marks]
Complete the circuit below to show how two half-adders and a logic gate may be
connected to produce a full-adder.
[ 4 marks]
Totsl 10 marks
[ 2 marks]
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(c) (i) Complete the truth table to show the action of the circuit as shown in Figure 5. 6. (a) An alternating signal is represented by the equation:
V= 150 sin (400 n t) (V is in mV and t in seconds.)
(i) What is the frequency of the signal?
Ilmark]
Figure 5 (ii) What is the period?
A B c D a
Ilmark]
(iii) Find the r.m.s. voltage of the signal.
[ 2 marks]
[ 3 marks]
(ii) State the name of the single logic gate which could replace this circuit and draw
its usual symbol.
Name
(iv) Using the axes below, draw the graph to show how the voltage varies with time.
Symbol
VlmY
150
100
50
[ 2 marks]
-50
Total l0 marks
-l5{)
-150
Figure 6
[ 3 marks]
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(b)
1. (a) Thorium-232 is radioactive and emits cr-particles. The daughter product Radium-228 is
also radioactive but it decays by B -particle emission. Complete the following equations
for these decays:
K ro -2!! n" *
22rln" Ac+
-+
[ 3 marks]
(b) (i) Derive an equation for the radius R of the circular path of a particle with mass,
Figure 7 m, andcharge, q, moving with a velocity, 4 at right angles to a uniform magnetic
field, strength B. [ 3 marks]
The signal in (a) is applied to the non-inverting terminal of an operational amplifier as
shown in Figure 7.
Using the axes below, draw a graph to show how the output varies with time. Show
clearly the scale on the vertical axis.
(iD An c-particle and a p-particle move with the same velociry through the same
perpendicular magnetic field. If the radius of the o-particle's path is 0.40 m
what will that of the p-particle be?
Figure 8
[ 3 marks]
Total 10 marks [ 3 marks]
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E. Figure l0 illustrates an electron beam tube used for observing electron diffraction.
Zinc sulphide
0
screen
X
x X
X x
;1 Magnetic field into page
Figure 9
(c) Diagrams similar to the one above are often seen in textbooks. Explain why the diagram Figure 10
is unrealistic.
(a) The accelerated electrons are diffracted by the sheet of graphite. Show on the diagram
in Figure 10 what you would expect to see on the screen. [ 2 marks]
(b) How fast are the electrons travelling when they have been accelerated through a p.d. of
3000 v ? [ 3 marksl
Ilmark]
Total l0 marks
(c) Calculate the wavelength of the electrons which are emitted from the anode.
[ 3 marks]
(d) What changes to the image on the screen would be observed if the accelerating voltage
were reduced? [ 2 marks]
Total 10 marks
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9. In the Rutherford scattering experiment, which established the concept of the nuclear atom, O) Complete the table below by adding the conclusions which may be drawn from the
alpha particles were fired at very thin pieces of gold foil. observations made in the experiment.
(a) (i) Draw a diagram of the apparatus used in this experiment.
Observation Conclusion
The vast majority of the
alpha particles passed
through the gold foil
without being deflected.
Some alpha particles
were deflected through
large angles as they
passed through the gold
foil.
A very small number
of alpha particles did
not penetrate the foil
and were detected on
the same side of the foil
as the a-particle source.
[ 3 marks]
(ii) Suggest a reason why the experiment was conducted in a vacuum.
[ 3 marks]
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(c) The electrons around the nucleus may have only certain allowed energies as shown in
the diagram below for a mercury atom. When an electron is in one of the higher, excited,
energy states it eventually moves to a lower level and emits a photon of light. Find the
wavelength of the light emitted when an electron jumps from Level 3 down to Level 2.
Energy
n=4 -1.6 eV
n=3 -3.7 eY
n=2 -5.5 eV
n=1 ground state
-10.4 eV
Figure ll
[ 4 marks]
Totat 10 marks
END OF TEST
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