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TEST
CODE00247 5

FORIVI TP 22248 MAY/JUNE2OO2

CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION

PHYSICS

UNIT 02 - Paper 02

2 hours15minutes

NOTHING HAS BEEN OMITTED.

READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY

l. This paperconsistsof NINE questions.

2. Section A consistsof THREE questions. Candidatesmust attemptALL

questionsin this [Link] this sectionmust be written in this
answer booklet.

3. Section B consistsof SIX questions. Candidatesmust attemptTHREE

questionsin this section,ONE questionfrom EACH Module. Answers
for this section must be written in the answerbooklet provided.

4. All working MUST be CLEARLY shown.

5. The use of non-programmablecalculatorsis permitted.

Copyright@ 2002Caribbean Examinations

Council GO ON TO T}IE NEXT PAGE
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LIST OF PHYSICAL CONSTANTS SECTIONA

Attempt ALL [Link] MUST write in this answerbooklet. You must NOT spendmore thar
Speedof light in free space c 3 . 0 0 xl 0 8 m s - l 30 minutes on this section.

Permeability of free space l-to 4n x l0-7Hm-t

1. (a) A studentwantsto measurethe internalresistance, 4 andthe e.m.f.,E, of a cell. Shehas
Permittivity of free space to 8 . 8 5x l 0 - r 2 F m - r availablethe cell, an ammeter,a voltmeteranda variableresistor.

Elementary charge e 1 . 6 0x l 0 - r eC Draw a circuit to show how the student could connectthe circuit to measure the internal
resistanceand e.m.f. of the cell.
The Planck constant h 6.63x 10-34J s

Unified atomic massconstant LI | .66x 10-27kg

Rest massof electron lfle 9 . 1 1 x1 0 - 3 r k g

Rest mass of proton tftp | .67x 10-27kg

Accelerationof free fall I 9 . 8 1m s - 2

I Atmosphere Atm 1.00x105Nm-z

Avogadro'snumber Na 6.02x 1023per mole

[2 marks]

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1. (b) An expressionrelatingthe measuredpotential difference,V, the internal resistance,r, the 1. (iii) Hence, calculate the current through the circuit and the potential difference
e.m.f. of the cell and the current,./,through the cell is given by V - E - Ir. acrossthe terminals of the cell when it is connectedto a 3C) resistor.

From the data collected,the studentplotted a graph of voltmeter reading againstcurrent

through the cell. The following graph shown in Figure I was obtained.

6 .:.....i ...'

i:o::
: . . i (
)
O i :
E :::.:.::o:i:::
E >
g--
i i o [3 marks]
4
r.E
- q ) (iv) What instrument would you use instead of the voltmeter to obtain MORE
d L

.E€ 3 accuratevoltage readings?

.q?
F 2

[1 mark 1
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 | r.2 t.4
Current/I Total 10 marks

Figure 1 2. (a) A professorasks one of his studentsto design a circuit to give full wave-rectification
usingfour diodes.
(i) Draw the BEST straightline through the points. [1 mark ]
(i) Draw a circuit to show how the studentmay design such a circuit using four
(ii) From the graph,deducethe following: diodes.

a) The value of the internal resistance

[2 marks]

b) The e.m.f. of the cell [4 marks]

(ii) How canthe studentmodify this circuitto givehalf-waverectification.

[1 mark ]

[2 marks]

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2. (b) Another studenthad available two diodes, two similar power supplies and a resistor
and designeda circuit as shown in Figure 2.

4.,

T
= d
^,,
to C.R.O

D2

Figure 2

(i) Briefly describewhat happensto D, and D, as I cycle of voltageV, is appliecito

the circuit.

[2 marks]

(ii) Sketch the waveform you would expectto seeon the cathoderay oscilloscope
(c.r.o).

I mark ]

(iii) Compare the output waveforms from 2. (a) (i) and 2. (b) (i).

[1 mark

Total 10 marks

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4. (c) A wire loop of radius20 cm hasa resistance

of 2.0 A. The loop is at right angles to a
3. (a) In an experiment to measure the work function of a metal, using the Photoelectric ef-
uniformmagneticfield asshownin Figure6. Themagneticfield strengthis increasing
fect, the following set up shown in Figure 3 was used. The sourceemits light of wave-
at therateof 0.10T s-1.
length 500 nm and intensiry 1.0 pW cm-Z.

-zPhotocell
X X
X x x/x X
X X X X X
X X
Figure 6

Calculatethe

(i) inducede.m.f. in the loop

(ii) induced current in the loop.

[Link] [5 marks]
(d) The magnetic field is now set at a constant value, B, and the coil is rotated at
Figure 3
10 rev s-1. The plane of the coil is parallel to the direction of the field strength,B. A
voltmeterconnectedto the coil throughrotatingcontactsreadsa peak value of 13.0mV.
TableI showsthedatacollected.
Find the magnetic field strength,B.
[4 marks]
Potential Difference, V/Volts Current, I xl0-loamps
Total 20 marks
-0.40 0.2
4.34 0.5
4.23 1.5
4.r2 3.0
0.0 4.0
0.11 4.4
0.22 4.5
0.33 4.6
0.46 4.7

Iable I

(i) Use the graph page on page 8 to plot a graph of current versusvoltage for the
metal. [3 marks]

(ii) From the graph record the stopping potential for the metal.

[1 mark 1

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5. (a) (i) Derive an expressionfor the equivalentresistanceof THREE resistorsin Module 2

parallel.
AnsrverEITHER Question6 OR QuestionZ.
(ii) Distinguishbetweentheelectromotive
forceof a cell and the terminalpotential
differenceacrossacell. [ Smarks]
6. (a) (i) StateTHREE idealpropertiesof Op-Amps.
(b) For sensitive manual control of the current in a circuit, a parallel combination of
rheostatsare used as shown in Figure 7. The full resistanceof R7 is 25 times the full
(ii) For the Op-Ampcircuit in Figure 8 show thatthe output Vp is given by
resistanceof R7. Rr Rr
:
Vo = -;V,- rYl
. .,1 R2 2'

Figure 7
Figure 8
What procedureshould be usedto adjust the current,1, to a desiredvalue?
(iii) Suggesta practicalusefor this current. [7 marks]
[ 3 marks]
(c)
6.00v 6.00v (b) (i) Write an equationrelating the r.m.s. value and the peak value of an alternating
current.

(ii) A car battery-chargerruns off the 120 V r.m.s. a.c. power line, and supplies
l0A d.c. at 14 V. If the chargeris 80Voefficient in converting line power to d.c.
power, how much current does it draw from the a.c. line?

(iii) If electricily cost l6 cents/kwh, how much does it cost to run the charger for
l0 hours? [7 marks]

Figure 8 (i)
Figure Figure 8 (ii)

The 6.00 V cell in the circuits shown in Figures8 (i) and 8 (ii) above has zero internal
resistance. A voltmeter which was calibratedaccuratelyis connectedacrossAB and
reads2.0 V.

(i) Calculatethe resistanceof the voltmeter.

(ii) Calculatethe voltmeter readingwhen it is connectedacross A'B'.

(iii) What do the resultssuggestconcerningthe use of voltmeters?

[12 marks]

Total 20 marks
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7. (a) Figurel0 showsthegain-response

curvefor an ideal operational amplifier.
6. (c) Electrical power of 8 000 kW is supplied to an industrial consumer at a considerable
distancefrom a generatingstation. This is representedin Figure 9.

10s

,[ ftffr
c)

I
u2 104
00

103
10kV^-
ao
c)
a0 102
xv

Porver l0
station \

ro2 lo3 to4 10 6 f IHz

( log scale)
Figure 9
Figure l0
In order to do this, the electric supply company makes use of a circuit containing two
transformers,S and T. The transformersare ideal and the supply cableshave neglible Explain the shapeof the gain-frequencycurve shown in Figure
10. [5 marks]
[Link] is a potential differenceof 300 kV [Link] the supply cable.
(b) (i) Distinguishbetweenan analoguecircuit and a digital circuit.
The power is generatedat l0 kV [Link] is suppliedto the consumerat 10 kV r.m.s. (ii) Write rhe trurh table for the NAND gare.

Calculatethe (iii) Determine the output waveform for the circuit shown in Figure
l l if the input
waveforms,A and B, are as shown.
(i) [Link] the consumer

(ii) ratio Nr/Np for EACH transformer

o
(iii) current in the supply cable. [6 marks]
u
Total 20 marks
Figure 11
[6 marks]
(c) (i) A lamp in a room is to be operated from two switches, one at the
back door and
one at the front door. The lamp is to be on if the front switch is
on and the back
switch is off, or if the front switch is off and the back switch is on.
The lamp is to
be off if both switches are off or if both switches are on.

Draw a logic circuit to meet the requirements,showing the associated

truth table.

(ii) You are provided with two OR gates,oneAND gate and three IM/ERTERs.
Show
how you would design a half adder circuit from the given componenrs.

(iii) Draw the resulting truth table for the sum and carry states.
[9 marks]
Total 20 marks

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Module 3 9. (a) (i) Distinguish betweennuclearfusion and nuclearfission.

AnswerEITHER Question8 OR Question9. (ii) Sketch a graph to show how the binding energy per nucleon varies with mass
number. How can nuclear fission and fusion be explained from observing the
shapeof the curve?
8. (a) (i) The Law of radioactive decav for a radioactivesample can be written as [6 marks]
N = Noe-It.
(b) Explain what is meant by the following:
Explain the meaningof EACH symbol in the given expression.
(i) Mass defect
(ii) Show that this expressionmay be written as N = No2-"'ll2whslg t17risthe half
(ii) Binding energy of an atomic nucleus
life of the sample. [2 marks]

(iii) Explain what are isotopes. (c) The nitrogennucl"ur,llN, has a massof 15.9963u.

(iv) Why is carbondatingunableto provideaccurateestimatesof very old materials? What is the binding energyper nucleonof the nucleus? [6 marks]
[8 marks]
(d) Show that a uranium nucleuscan disintegratespontaneouslywith the emissionof an
cr-parricle,according to the reacrionzSlU+zi;t Th + lUr.
(b) A [Link] decaysto thenuclide f, X in FIVE successiveradioactive
[Link]
decayinvolvestheemissionof EITHER an cx,-particle or a [Link] thevalue
of A? [6 marksl rr ; Massof t;! U =238.12492
(MassottlSTh=234.116550 u; Massof I He= 4.003g7u)
[2 marks]
(c) (i) An isotopeof sodium,1fNu, and an isotopeof potassium,fjf form a radio-
(e) Assumingthatthe uranium-238
wasat restbeforethe disintegration,calculatethe
activemixturewhich initially containstwice as many atomsof sodium-24
(\n = 15hours)asit doesof potassium-43,(t1p = 22 hours).How longwill
(i) totalenergyreleasedin thedisintegration
it take for the number of atoms of each isotopeequal?
(ii) kineticenergyof thea-particle. [4 marks]
(ii) Sketch the decaycurves for the TWO isotopes. [6 marks]
Total 20 marks
Total 20 marks

END OF TEST

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