Republic of the Philippines
DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY
Villa de Bacolor, Pampanga
A. Course Code / Title : SOLMEN 113 – SOLID MESURATION
B. Module Number : Module 5 – Solid Geometry – Introduction and Cube
C. Time Frame : October 18– 22, 2021 ( 3 hours)
D. Description : This module looks into the definition and theorems relating
to solid geometry; properties and formula relating to cube.
E. Objectives : At the end of these module, the learner should be able to:
1. Learn the significance of solid geometry and other
important definitions
2. Have a deeper understanding about theorems, properties,
formula relating to cube.
3. Solve problems relating to cube.
F. Contents :
Solid Geometry – Introduction and Cube
I. Introduction
In mathematics, solid geometry is the traditional name for the geometry of three-
dimensional Euclidean space.
Stereometry deals with the measurements of volumes of various solid figures (three-
dimensional figures) including pyramids, prisms and
other polyhedrons; cylinders; cones; truncated cones; and balls bounded by spheres.
1. History
The Pythagoreans dealt with the regular solids, but the pyramid, prism, cone and
cylinder were not studied until the Platonists. Eudoxus established their measurement,
proving the pyramid and cone to have one-third the volume of a prism and cylinder on the
same base and of the same height. He was probably also the discoverer of a proof that the
volume enclosed by a sphere is proportional to the cube of its radius.
2. Polyhedrons
Polyhedrons are solids whose faces are plane polygons.
3. Regular Polyhedrons
Regular polyhedrons are those which have identical faces. There are only five
known regular polyhedrons, namely tetrahedron, hexahedron, octahedron,
dodecahedron, icosahedron. These solids are known as Platonic solids.
Let:
m = number of polygons meeting at a vertex,
n = number of vertices of each polygon,
f = number of faces of the polyhedron,
e = number of edges of the polyhedron, and
v =number of vertices of the polyhedron.
For any polyhedron:
��
Number of edges, � = 2
��
Number of vertices, � = �
3�
Radius of circumscribing sphere, � = �
��ℎ���
4. Platonic Solids
Properties of Platonic Solids
Name f e v m Surface Area ������� Volume, V
Tetrahedron 4 6 4 3 � 2
3 �3
6 2
Hexahedron 6 12 8 3 6�2 �3
(Cube)
Octahedron 8 12 6 4 2�2 3 �3 2
3
Dodecahedron 12 30 20 3 3
� (15 + 7 5)
3+ 5
15�2 4
5− 5
Icosahedron 20 30 12 5 5�2 3 5�3 (3 + 7 5)
12
Where � is the length of the edge.
Euler’s Polyhedron Theorem for all Convex Polyhedra:
�=2+�−�
II. Solids for which volume = BASE AREA x HEIGHT
������ = �� ℎ
Cube (Regular hexahedron)
A polyhedron whose six faces are all squares.
1. Properties
1. The three dimensions of a cube are equal to
each other. Therefore, all edges are equal.
2. All faces of a cube are congruent squares.
������, � = �� ℎ
������� ����, �� = 4�2
����� ������� ����, �� = 6�2
���� ��������, �1 = � 2
����� ��������, �2 = � 3
Now, are you ready to solve problems regarding cubes? If yes, ready your calculator and
let’s start:
Problems:
1. How many material was used in the manufacture of 24,000 celluloid dice. If each die has an
edge of ¼ in.?
Given:
1
� = 4 ��.
��. �� ���� = 24,000 ���������
Required:
Material used ������, (�)
Solution:
������, � = �� ℎ = �2 � = �3
Volume of a cube:
� = �3
1 3
�= 4
��
1
�= ��3
64
Total material used:
1
�� = (24,000)64 ��3
�� = ��� ���
2. Show that, the total surface of a cube is twice the square of its space diagonal.
Given:
The total surface of a cube is twice the square of its space diagonal.
Required:
Prove the given.
Solution:
The total surface of a cube is twice the square of its space diagonal.
Let a be the edge of the cube and d is the space diagonal:
����� ������� ����, �� = 6�2
����� ��������, �2 = � 3
To prove the formula of space diagonal:
By Pythagorean Theorem
�2 2 = �2 + �1 2
�1 2 = �2 + �2
�2 2 = �2 + �2 + �2
�2 2 = 3�2
�2 2 = 3�2
�2 = � 3
6�2 = 2 �2 2
2
6�2 = 2 � 3
��� = ���
3. If a cube as an edge equal to space diagonal of another cube. Find the ratio of their volume.
Given:
�1 = �3
�2 = �3
Required:
�
Ration of the volume, �1
2
Solution:
� = �3
�1 = �3
����� ��������, �2 = � 3
�=� 3
�2 = (� 3)3
�2 = 3 3 �3
�1 �3
�2
=3 3 �3
�1 1
�2
= 3 3
�1 1
�2
= 3 3
�� �
��
= �
4. A pass a plane through a cube so that the section will be a regular hexagon if the edge of the
cube is 2 units. Find the area of this section.
Given:
���� = 2 �����
Required:
Find the area of this section (Hexagon)
Solution:
Shown in the figure, let solve the side
of the regular hexagon by Pythagorean
Theorem:
Let x be the side of regular hexagon
Let a and b, be the half of the cube edge
�2 = �2 + �2
�2 = 12 + 12
�2 = 2
�= 2
Area or regular hexagon is
1
���� = 2 ��
Note: a is the apothem and P is the perimeter.
�=6 �
�=� �
By dividing the regular hexagon into 6 triangles, we can say that the 6
triangles are equilateral because the all angles are 60°
To solve for apothem, use the half of the equilateral triangle which sides of
2, and that will be the hypotenuse of the half triangle.
2 2
2
�2 = 2 − 2
2 2
2
�= 2 − 2
�
�= �
1 6
���� = 6 2
2 2
���� = � � ��. ����� �� �. ��� ��. �����
5. A vegetable bin built in the form of a cube with an edge of 1.8m. is divided by a vertical
partition which passes through two diagonally opposite edges. Find the lateral surface of
either compartment.
Given:
a =1.8m
Required:
Lateral surface, A
Solution:
����� ��� �ℎ� ���� ��������:
�1 = � 2
�1 = 1.8� 2
�1 = 2.55 �
To solve for the surface area:
� = �1 + �2 + �3
Area 1 and 2 are equal.
� = �2 + �2 + �(�1 )
� = (1.80�)2 + (1.80�)2 + 1.80�(2.55�)
� = ��. ����
Thanks for spending time for the lesson. I know you got tired while studying the module.
You are now about to dig in to the lesson more and submerge yourself into it. Please be
reminded that you only have 3 hours to complete the whole Module 5, so please manage your
time properly.
“Honesty is a very expensive gift, don’t expect it from cheap people.” – Warren Buffett.
G. REFERENCES
Printed Materials:
1. Solid Mensuration (2nd Edition) by: Kern and Bland
2. Engineering Mathematics (3rd Edition) by DIT Gillesania
3. Solid Mensuration Reviewer (Revised Edition) by Ricardo C. Asin
Online References:
1. Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_geometry (for other figures)
