‘i CARDIAC ovlpy en reete ae 4 AMOUNT ok toon poMfpeD FROM enc VENTRICLE + MNALY RereRs To LeFT venTRIWLAR, oil pT Teor —aokTA + vsvalt{ expReasen td 3 wife ¢- §) Teoxe Yorole 2) Minute ‘volume 3) caroinc inex 1. TROKE _VoluME ==> AMONT — oF GLood puMiped ool KnoemaL yarve —Jomt (60 —So mi) ,MR is W/minote - eX eacH NeNTRICLE dvkilG- EACH seal. 02 MINUTE VoluME —=—> * ANDONT — eB oF Blood 4 wile volwMe = sTRoKe Volume ¥ uoatinl vate ~ St /yeotteicus /vinsTe « 3. CARDIAC inDE => x mille voLume expressed IN RevilioN To squnee Meer oF S08} pomiren oh AX CAH NedTeicte ied one Mole x near’ ale SvRPACE AREA, + pmo J oF clood —puripe vd] pew vertatae /wfiite /equere Meee + Noemal vate — 2.8 2 oS L/SQUARE METER OF Bony goRFAcE ARen/ je CARDIAC RESERVE —semax. AMwOIT of brood THAT cant cele pmped out BY meal Agove NorMnL vate - = faing CARDIAG olla in exerdse Sink CARDIAC oUlpuT =p wo pHisiovogical. varialions —> ) AGE (tHiLoren , cardiac odlpoT Lb € ADVLT » cardi, od[puT ) a) sex (AN FEMALES Lest THAN MALE set; oF Less “Blood VoLuMe) Re C45€¢ due To tse INHR £€ Force oF conlTeAClion) : HigH AUTuoE ( Tse dve To tse IN SECRETION of ADRENALINE) 5) Hypovia ( tee) ¢) poslore (upeianf posifon Lees co),w@ PalHoLogical VaRtATIoNS —> tse se : DFEVER (tse. orinilive proce'ss) A HYporyavidism (dsep MR) aanemia (pve To HYpoxia) 9) ation ( poor pumping £& Sacolalian) 3) HemoRRHAGE (Use eleed volume) 4) WNUESTIVE Craniac FriLore (weak, ConTRAdions oF Head) KFadlons MainTaiins /ArrEmTING cagninc odTpoT—> 4 PAcoRs —> 1) Venoos RETvRW 2) PoRCE oF tonlTendTion! 3 Heat RATE 4) peripuera, Restslance 4. Venous ReTuRN =e © ANiooNT oF giood WHicH 7 RETORNED To HEART FRoM DIFFERENT ARTS of Tue sod} « caroline olpuT diteclly propertional Ts Vevovs RélvaN. = VENOUS RETURN Depends upon 5 Faces * Dwyperlaygoinism (tse 8M) a) Respinafory — pomp 9 Muse pomp 3) GRanily 4) venous pressure 3) YmipaTelic Tone x Ampatnelic Tote —> ‘a Venous Relugl Aiven ef SiopaTnelic on, VasomcloR, “Tone causes Calaietclion oF venules (venloconsTRicTion) posues BoD TovinRos Hear z Gaavily emp 0 GRAVITATIONAL ns Renuge VEnovs REvRN . GRavily “cAvses pooling oF Blood IW Legs. Cvenous poctinte) Blood RETURNING To Heae sce.KVENOUS PRESSURE =m» / + Normal, PReseure tN venules 93 12-18 a . + pressike @RadtenT AT vevery , ‘part oF venovs Tkee HeLps’' AS A ORWING” Force For Venous ReTuen. HRespienor! pump —e* « Resptesfoey.. nclvily WaT HELPS. THe. RéTuRH. oF. -eueon To HeaRl, duaintg- Inepiralion! iene eF + ALSo CALLED ABDOMINOTHORACIC pump: Geno yw Increase in Comprossion of diameter of interior ‘abdominal More negativity in Increase in ‘Inirapieural intra-abdominal pressure pressure ae Expansion of Descent of thoracie cage Stepheagmn Inspiration FIGURE 98.1: Effect of respiratory pump on venous return % Musce_ Pump —> =f--- Vein Proximal valve opened closed Contracted - Relaxed muscle muscle ----- Distal vaive Distal valve closed ——~ “opened A B FIGURE 98.2: Mechanism of muscle pump. A. During contraction of the muscle; B. During relaxation of the muscle.es MuseaR ACW THaT HELP IN ReTueN oF etoop “To Heal. © during MusevlAR achvilies . Veins age com pressep / Saveeped SuE To presence oF valves inl Veins BRING ComPRESSION (BLood Moved aitinene encI).- AFORE oF ConNTRACion —=> © CARDIAC odTpuT fs directly proportional To Force of ConlTaadTiow. o AccondiNG To FRANK —STARLing Lau) —> vee * PoRce of Conlfenclion of Heael x< iiTvAL LeNgTy oF mascle FIBERS x FOG Depends op onl preload £& Arlerioan, L.PRELOAD mex STRETHinG oF carving Musae Fieers AT THe END oF ataslore 5 jusl BEFORE CONTRACTION . Due To tse IN veNTRIGVIAR pRessoRE crused BY FILLING oF Blood DURING Diaslore STeTaning tues LENGTH , tse FOC, Tse Cansine oolpsl * directly, proportional Ye ConTenclion £ cardiac ool. 2. AETERLOAD mmm « force AGAIN Wilicy VeNTetLes MuaT ColTRacT & Eject The glood , cardiac oilpT invergel proportional Ae AeleR LOAD, © FORCE oF — conTRAdlion e Z HEART RATE =» * cardiac ovlpuT feet, © MoDERATE CHANGE IN ot gale Does proportional To HearT pale . Nor ALTER, CARDIAC output4 Peripnenn ReeisTance —> VESsELs, fe RestaTanice OFFERED To Blood few! AT peaipreral BLeeD © Resiglance- oR Load Agrinsl — weicH Weary Hag To pump THe . Brood. : @ caroiac — oolpdT inversely, pregertienat To periptens L ‘ : pesis|ance. © gestdlance wetecen AY AéMoues , THe ARTeRiotes cues RESISTANT Vessels. emioal /maax. ResisTance — oFfexen AL 4 Gprancentic REGION | |