PRE PSPM DB024 2021/2022

1. FIGURE 1 shows a tropical rainforest ecosystem.

Layer Q

Canopy
layer

Understory

Layer P

Forest floor

FIGURE 1
a) Identify Layer P and Layer Q.
[2 marks]
P: ____________________________________
Q: ____________________________________

b) Describe the canopy layer.

[2 marks]
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c) Differentiate between the forest floor with layer Q in term of light intensity.
[1 mark]
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d) Which layer of tropical rainforest contain highest nutrients? Give reason.

[2 marks]
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PRE PSPM DB024 2021/2022

e) Suggest what will happen if deforestation occur to the tropical rain forest.
[2 marks]
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f) How deforestation will affect the rate of population growth of monkey in rain forest
ecosystem?
[2 marks]
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2. a) FIGURE 2 shows three types of natural selection.

Key
New population
Original
population

FIGURE 2

i. Describe A, B and C. [3 marks]

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ii. In your opinion, which of the selection above will reduce genetic variability. Give
reason.
[2 marks]
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PRE PSPM DB024 2021/2022

b) FIGURE 3 shows genetic drift that occur in a population.

Factor X

FIGURE 3
i. Define genetic drift.
[1 mark]

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ii. Describe factor X.
[3 marks]
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3. a) FIGURE 4 shows the reaction of enzyme M on substrate N. Enzyme M requires

a cofactor for its catalytic activity.

FIGURE 4

i) What is cofactor?
[1 mark]

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PRE PSPM DB024 2021/2022

ii) Based on figure above, identify the type of cofactor for enzyme M.
[1 mark]
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iii) According to the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

(IUBMB), enzyme classification system, name the class of enzyme M.
[1 mark]
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iv) Why cofactor is more stable compared to an enzyme?

[1 mark]
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v) Give TWO factors which prevent formation of product.

[2 marks]
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b) FIGURE 5 shows an enzyme action.

FIGURE 5

i) Structure H can bind to G site. What is H and how does it affect the rate of reaction?
[3 marks]
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PRE PSPM DB024 2021/2022

4. (a) FIGURE 6 shows the ATP molecule that is important as main source of
chemical energy.

FIGURE 6

(i) State the needs for ATP molecule in living organisms.

[1 marks]
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(ii) Describe briefly the TWO types of ATP production.

[4 marks]
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(b) Explain how NADH is produce during glycolysis.

[2 marks]
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(c) Differentiate the amount of NADH and FADH2 produce during glycolysis
and Krebs cycle from 1 molecule of glucose.
[2 marks]
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PRE PSPM DB024 2021/2022

5. Describe electron flow of non-cyclic photophosphorylation. [6 marks]

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6. (a) FIGURE 7 shows the chemical reaction of carbon dioxide in the blood.

FIGURE 7

(i) Based on FIGURE 7, what will happen to the haemoglobin and

state its function. [2 marks]
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(ii) Name process S and state the significant of that process.

[2 marks]
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PRE PSPM DB024 2021/2022

(b) Explain what will happen to the hydrogen carbonate ion when erythrocyte arrived
at lung. [2 marks]
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7. FIGURE 8 shows a section through the heart.

AV nodes

FIGURE 8

a) Identify the function of component R in FIGURE 8.

[1 mark]
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b) Describe how component R cause blood flow from atria to both ventricle?
[2 marks]
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c) What is the effect if impulse received by AV node is not delay for 0.1 second?
[1 mark]
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PRE PSPM DB024 2021/2022

d) Describe what happen when impulse form R reach S.

[2 marks]
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8. FIGURE 9 shows how the concentration of glucose is maintained in the blood.

FIGURE 9

a) Identify hormone A and hormone B.

[2 marks]
Hormone A : ________________________________________________________
Hormone B : ________________________________________________________

b) Two students fasted for 12 hours and each was given a drink which contains 100 mg
of glucose. Their blood was measured regularly for 3 hours. The results of the
investigation are shown in the Table 1.

Time after glucose drink Blood glucose concentration/mg per 100 cm3 of
/ minutes blood
Student A Student B
0 79 90
20 130 140
40 180 146
60 210 89
90 200 79
120 150 74
150 130 85
180 112 89

Table 1

i) Suggest an explanation for the changes in the blood glucose level of student A.
[1 mark]

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PRE PSPM DB024 2021/2022

ii) Explain what happen to student B between 0 and 60 minutes.

[3 marks]
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9. (a) FIGURE 10 shows a part of the junction between two neurons.

FIGURE 10

(i) Name X and Y.

[2 marks]
X : _____________________________________________________
Y : _____________________________________________________

(ii) Explain what happens at Z.

[3 marks]
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(b) FIGURE 11 shows a types of hormonal action process.

FIGURE 11
PRE PSPM DB024 2021/2022

(i) State the type of hormone and hormone mechanism action in FIGURE 11.
[2 marks]
Type of hormone : ____________________________________________
Mechanism action: ____________________________________________
(ii) Explain what happen when molecule AR enters the nucleus.
[2 marks]
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10. (a) FIGURE 12 shows derivation of lymphocyte cells from stem cell.

FIGURE 12

(i) Describe the development of T lymphocytes.

[2 marks]
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(ii) State the type and function of B lymphocyte.

[4 marks]
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(b) Differentiate between active immunity and passive immunity.

[3 marks]
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END OF QUESTION PAPER