Land
India's Land share: 2.4% (7th largest Country by land area)
Indian polpulatio: 18% (2nd highest Polpulation)
India's Fresh water share: 4% of worlds fresh water resources
Sectoral Usage Of Land and thier contibution to GDP and Employability
Coast Line = 7517 km
Demography
Total Population : 1210 Million People (M=624 F=586)
Crude Birth Rate : 18.3(2009)
Crude Death Rate : 7.3(2009)
Population Growth rate :1.64%
Life expectency Rate : M=65.8 years F=68.1 years -->Doubled since Independence from
32 years in 1940s to 70 years today
Sex ratio : 940 Female per 1000 Males
Fertility rate : from 6 per women to 2
Literacy Rate : 74.04% (M=82.14% F=65.46%)
Share of elderly(60 and above) 9%(2011) to 18%(2041)
Education
Subjet Matter
GDP Spent : 3%-3.5% Ideal would be 6%
R&D Expenditure
Primary Education
Secondary Ecudation
Higher Education
World avarage
Indian Average
Literacy Rate And Enrolment Ratio
Female
Male
Community Level Litaracy
Hindu
Muslim
Cristian
Avreage No years of scholling
Digital education : Internet penetration is only 50%(2020) -Digital divide
Employment
Unemployment
Labor force
organised
Unarganised/Gig workers
Women labour partificipation
Mackency report = More than 80% of engineers are not able to secure good job
AICTE report = More than 98% of engineers dont know coding
Unorganised Sector Acounts for = 90% work force
Water(State Subject = 17 entry , Unin Subject+ Inter State river 56 entry)
Water on earth
A) Saline : 97%
B) Fresh Water : 3%
a)Ice caps and Glaciers : 68.7%
b) Ground Water : 30.1%
c) Surface Water : 0.3%
1)Lakes : 87%
2)Swamps : 11%
3) Rivers : 2%
d) Others : 0.9%
Composit water index- NITI Ayoga
No Dinking water Resources at their premise = 1/3th households(31.4%)
Rural household not having individiual pipe ed water supply = 82%
contaminated water sources = 70%
Water quality index = 120/122 Rank
Lack of access to drinking water - die = 2 lakh people
World Bank = Unsafe water leading to 21% of uncommunicable diseases
UNEP Water Requirements may increase to 50% by 2030
Ground Water
India is the largest user of ground water in the world => 244 BCM annually, Ground
water Utilisation in India >China+USA
Meets 90% of indias irrigations needs
Avarage Ground water table level = 1998=7.5 Meters 2018 = 9.02 Meters (Panjab By 10
Meters Madya Pradesh 5 Meters)
63% indian Districts Facing the problems of Falling Ground Table = 8% to 9% higher
poverty Rate comapared to oher Dsitricts
Agriculture Sector
Agriculture land in india = 16 crore hacter (1ha=2.5 acre)
Number of farmers = 14 crore
Agricultural land per farmer = 16 acre ha/14 Crore = 1.1 Hacters
Marginal farmers (<1 ha) = 67 % (10 cr)
Small farrmers (1 ha <2 ha )= 19% (2.6 cr)
Small and Marginal Farmers = 86% (12.6 cr)
Agriculture land under Irrigation = ~50%
Agriculture :
Total land of india 3.287 million km2 (328.7 Million Hacters)
Net Sown area : 139 Million Hactares (42.57% of Overall Geographical Area)
Agriculture Sector Indusrial Sector Servces sector
GDP : 22% (17% Census 2011) 24% 54%
Enployment : 43%(53% Census 2011) 25%(17-19%) 32%
Land Holdings ( 1ha = 2.54 acre )
Marginal farmer (<1 Ha) : 67%
Small Farmer (1ha < 2ha) : 23%
Small and Marginal : 89%
Big Farmer (>2ha) :
Doubling farmers income :
77% Land production value through Food gain can be achieved through 19% of land if
we move to Horticulture and Livestock farming
Raind fed Agriculture : >50% cropped area
Irrigation type and their Coverage and Their Efficiency interms of water usage
Flood Irrigation 25-35% water efficiency
Micro Irrigation 90% water efficiency, 2.3 Coverage of total irrigated land
Water Efficiency
Crops Water Efficency
Industrial Sector
Services sector
Ground water usage
Ariculture : 89%
Municipality : 8%
Industry : 2%
Others : 1%
Health
GDP Share :
Catastropic health expenditure : pushing (7%)10cr people into poverty every year
Out of pocket expenditure :
Health indicator
Economic reasons to improve health-Worl Health Organisation
1) Increased Labour productivity
2) declining economic urden due to illness
According to WTO increased Life expentencey fro 50 t0 70 yeasr increase GPD grouth
by 1.5% for every Yeas
1) Poor health outcome
Infant Mortality Rate(1000 live births)-india->32 China->5.8 Bangaldesh->25.6
Maternal Mortality Rate(100000 live births)-India->145 Chaina->29 Bangaldesh->172
2 Low access and utiliation
Hospitalisation in india-3 to 4%
for OECD 15 to 17%
Midle income Countrie 8 to 9%
3)High Out of Pocket Expenditure
Public expenditure(State And Centre) in india 1.29% Chine 2.9 Us 14.3%
4)Low Human Resouces for health
Only Kerala has adequate density
State subjet Disparity
5) Private Sector
75% Outpatient sservice care
65% overal hospitalisation care
Poverty:
Unequal distribution : Top 1% population hold 2/3rd of world's wealth
Unpaid work : 78% domestic is done by women i.e 3 time more than men.
Urbanisation:
Census 2011:
U area=3% land
U Population = 31.1%
GDP contibution = 60%
Slum Population = 65 million
Un World Urbanisation prospects 2018 = 50% by 2050
Power
3rd largest Energy Consumer next to US and China (IEA - 4th Place net to EU)
Total production : 410 GW
Thermal power :53%(211 GW)
Renewable : 45%(170 GW)
Natural Gas : 6.3%(25 GW)
Nuclear Power : 2%(6 GW)
Renewables
Large Hydro : 47 GW
Small Hydro : 5 GW
Wind : 40 GW
Bio : 11 GW
Solar : 50 GW
AT&C Losses =~ 20 to 22% All Over India
Hydrogen
Enegy Density = 3 time that of oil
International Renevable Energy Agency(IRENA) = Hydorgen to constitute 12% of Engy
Mix by 2050
World Energy Transition Outlook= 66% Hydrogen production from Water Electrolysis
Blue Hydreogen in India = <1% of hydrogen production
Voter turnout =67.7%(2019 General lection)
Migrates= 37%(45.36 Crore)(@2011 Census)
Security
State Plice force : Sactioned 181/lakh population
Actual 137/lakh Population = 24% vacancies
UN Recomendation 222/Lakh Population
86% of state police are Constabulary
Deficient vehical = 30%(BPRD Report)
Waeponary Shortage = 75% in Rajasthan(CAG)
