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2 oiou 2ol 3-2014 cnu. (ushtstnnlulad u6.)
 ronuuulfrosollt;r" fiaou. fasil 3_4 - S

ISBN : 97E4[64SS-E26-7

f,rc-nr alc'{rufrrtn-ar un! ilnn ou,mrnrinuqn : {r?auriar

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ilu1c-ilsrn-urnalulaiirra,oaao'ilur.urrruturlw.A_q+gzlZ6%_g
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catt cetrr ({aftvr-flJrrnr) }rr. 0-2255-4a33 hfrpn//kww.chutabook om
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unyurldrrrftiilsmiuii tsrflurJ:clumi'lunr:6uiln'r:ttoll drriurinriuil nI unv {rlnntol
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nr:GuuuinsnfilCurnn'l'rroru-udil1 rilu'rso'rtr:fh?tJiilnuriamrlnuiirnaud.r
lflnrl'lariotitn;r6un1ndo nirnr ro doio z defu.r uacfinr:ilnaou,*uolrCorJ:sru'u
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r?o.r u o a R 1 1

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'Ndn-aar ui q qa tdo.rrir dul

u-Rfiuu #u r. r
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n?q rr:rsldnaruftrnlurtifinnrnilalu o'r0lrrihrn:rsr{daaoub?rfluodrl6 fiItntiit

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lrurflrn-u

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ttil?flodou tflu 3ro?u. ilnil
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IA
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rril?noflolt tRU do?u. a9-7,-2
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ld
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ruu?{odoil tnfi do?u. Tn YlL

o q tdsndrn ouiiq ndoliiqn rflul drn sutd u r

1. nr:f,nfiu$dinn:ou'[u2p-oftital dalniigndo$rnctilulillc
R t t t, tn
fl. lun { t J

o n. nirr?u
o r. nirr?u
ld J

CD n. ttns {. lll'lull
@ R.,'u., fl. uac {.

2. fitr:srrsn'un6'wrutolt rqt rquds ntd

t=4
n=3
t=2

n=1
oeo
osfi nrr
nr:nruiln-{l1uto{6r6nn:ou ndunllrtrfl flRl?sR:rdu{tnravdu
rdafi
l' 2 $at' 3
RrundluuoonlrluJrltolrttldau dolnfi udrn'ufitsltnJnniur#u
ldodrqndor
<D rirl du rtu'l

@ riar rfrur thnu

(Drirriu tu6ol tlR{l

@ rftur #l tu6ol
 2 toaauuzu-afaurnfi razg. n. 3 - 4- s

3. dolnfi udrn-rl uil ln{ o{ ry u :; ra'rr n-utv ldg ndor

4. n'rr:Erdoaarruiohjd
n. nrrtuiillutws.ril-ulc Itr > HCI > HBr > HI
t. 1nr6on IIF > Hcl > HBr > HI
R. naruuihu:.rtorrt'utc HI > HBr > Hcl > IIF

r. pr6on IIF > HI > HBr > Hct

dolniohJdgnrilor
(D n. unv r. rrirusu

@ n. uns r. rrirr?u
@ {. unc n. niru'u
@ R. unc r. rrirrfu

l. do ln i o hJ dit ur a'rn-u R a ru utr ilTu t c I C1 n Co r

(D n-utss-o 3 SOz>SOCI2>SOg
@ tt"ut;s-o : SOg>SOClz>SOz
@ rt'utcc-o : CHrOH>CHzO>COz
@ tt-lttsc-o : COz>CHzO>CHgOH

6. rr : il : c n a u lu do ln d o hJ d rJ : cnou dr un-u r c lo oo fi n
O IIgCl2 , Becl2 , Nacl
@ cao , Ascl3 , BeFz
@ Na2soa , Nacl , H2s
@ xunoa , Bao , lizo
 Stdnt ao?inrirsdut uatitile cslnlntinuqe 3

7. lrqtrnlf,A, B, c[[a;p *lfirntouno! 11, 1g,37, ss nrudriu

rqruuG'lnfi narl'iolleurnfi qn
(De
@s
oc
@o

t. tn r rr t'rl I tn qn lu floln un n i rl t rn do du r
(D XeFz

@ geclz
@ PCl3
@ no3

g. narufioumh{o{fl1:flarurfluloto{ c1sH22 ' NH3

' Hzo ttncoz

dolnfiurdrduldnnCor
> Oz > HzO ) NH3
(D C1sH22

@ crcHz > Hzo > NH3 > Oz

@ Oz > HzO > NH3 ) CtoHz
@ HzO > NH3 ) CrcHzz > Oz

10. rdorltsu.tu NaI rau KI dlrrin:ruflu 3.97 nil urrf,rrlfifi?urflu AgNOa

ldag:at 5.E6 niu tltr3ouaslnurirnfntot Nal
(U?aOgnOUtO{trg = 10t, l= lTl' K = 39' 16 = 23)
o80
@60
(Dlm
@n
 4 roaguutu-afoutAfi rars. u.3 - 4-s
11.'lunr:nnnorairuufrrruorlurfiurJ?u 1ai 4.480-, d stp ar}Jlurirlcrrrnrn-,,
iliurn: rfi) cm3 uasfinrrur{rduto.'roulurfiu t.s mol / dm3 urrdrfouas
Inu,rars.r*auIurfi udilruhjrcildr{R'rrasnrufi rirrrirln
ldrrunh?uaalumqnuorhrfiu = t7)
o 2.s
@2s
@75
@E5

12. rirufiurjrcnaudau s t.s ga Inuuza uiorir,hJoq.rovldso z 95 % drnndru-n

dau cao rfinrflu ca so+ Inufirhciiflinrr zs r drl#rirufiu zm nu uurdr
dollf caofin-u1unr:rJru-n1u'lnovnout,{ ca = 4o,o = 16,s = 32)
o15
@v+
@47
@6s

13. tfiColnrtriiuufllracalul#ii Na* rrirfll Na* luluduunno'l:d0.2 tvt ,l.ru.ru

3m m/ rcdo,rl#Iryrfiulfau,ln 0.4 M,l.ruaurrirla
@ 22.s mt
@ 37.5 mt
@ 75mt
@ 150 m/

14- er:ilrcnoudnrdrrJrsnorcau si 33 % tns F

% fiqarrql- rs "c
67
aarruiu r.7 atm fiuaa z.gg g unrfirJiumr 208 m/ n{ill0f,:hraqa
torrr:il:snourfind (uaaocnoura{ si = 2g,F - 19)
(D SiFg
@ SiF+
@ Siztr'o
@ sizp+
 ?tfn: no?inrira6gt ua#foile 6u1n1ntt-nuqa 5

15. lunr:rirrJfrffiur:cil'iN1fra rfin 6o A2 ttfiu nz 'ldnfinriEq{rilu ls

z otirlrdu'l

urnrirufrc Az 3mol flfluriil Bz 2mol osl#r,frar1runfi6n:fi srp

o 44.8
@ 61.2
cD 8e.6
@ 112.0

dtiltuRoilleln:nrfuoulfinudlfi C uns tt riluowirjtcfloil t'rueu 15 mt

15.

rnrlrar?odtaluJof tiuufrt oz 45mz ldrrfla fi mt rdoiruufradnllu

fllrnunlu t<Ott tctiltioufifl gO ./ nwrgn:lulaqnno{fttrl:rnoud

O CTI+
@ CzHz
CD CzH+
@ CzHo

t:l. rinitnurnuufifirrr:o{ + lfindruniu 6o A, B, C rau p dlfin'lruiulo

80,40, 60, 10 mm Hg nrudrdu

dolniohJdgnCor
tD c fi1nrfion*riiqn trau D fi1nrdong$iqn
@ c firnaltrnqnrilu o nirus't o
cD a fi1nr6on[{nd1 B
@ e fiu'lnlumqarflu z trirtol s

lt. don'rrliolild dolnldqnCo'r

@ trntsl ufr," zz.+dm3 d Srp firir'irniuuralumqainrfluniu

@ *frtnoolu I lun rcfi,n'ruauocnourdrfYumtolanrln:

@ noqir t IUn wfi,irutuosnoilnirTu 6.V2xlO23 ounorl

@ CzHz 26nil wf iru'lulumqnnirtYu Hz 2niu
 6 rsauuszr-of,eunfi razs. n. 3 - 4 - s

ltg. th dt u u ru{s rh tJ uddrdu lfii q 0r r g r' 4 " c rdo rfl n ah o s n u-n ii r{ o r du a o nr r

rrmqrilurn:rsocl:
(D Raun-ulolurlnurnnz'rnruuon

@ naruniulolutend 4'c urnna'lR.ruuoR

@ coz'lur.rura.,otirldrlouaqdsrfl ndroon
@ fi m : u o d* lu r anni rJ q' fi ? ur rfu o z 1u o r n r arudo rfl n cr s o n
^
?fr. tfiuans;natto{t M = x llou u?aocnoul0{ N = y [dtufrrrrrrurdii,l"ruau
i t o
Iuraqarrirfl-u l.u, toz
^a
rgfiuaa?inir
@
|<x+zv>
@ 3g+2y)
@ 30(x+2y)

, x+2y
l.Slxt}%

21. tfifirr:nsnru Nacl rdu{u ro r Inuuaadruau zoo nf,rl wgyo{6u Nao finiu
ft rsldarrnsalu Naq rdrdu zo * lauuta
(U?AOUOOU1O{ Na 23, Cl
= = 35.5;
o10
@20
(D25
@so

2iL. ufariinrurrrrnrdl n :rriurfl u z rrir doln g ndo.r

@ qorrqfirsana{ so go ruroil?rrrrorii
@ iliurnrana{ so r rdaqorugu-nrd
@ ilirrnrrr"r,d, ua;qarrqfi nnar
@ ililrnlrn;qarrqu'anal
 fue'nt aoiinriredgt uasitila mnalntfnuqa 7

?A. A, rflutoquu.itlrififi rdorir a lil:criluurftnu'ir fitoqtft s finfiflunrlus

giorirtolrrifu n urrrln?ltlou!iln? nl'irfi delto{Rltilaoutua'ln{rllrR
p
drrlr s hjrrundauffiIntlrlnn:rfl nu'irfittruiltcnou zti'ru60 C rac
mndoqndrndtr doalillnhinndor
(D e rilumtnua'lu

@n rilurr:il:cnou
@ s tilu{olndu
@ cuacorfluar:u?qn#

a. rdornrl,nd ull rln : munr{uorun lgo niu w ldnf, nn--orqirtlulqrd uunrfuo ru n

rluufirrnr{uoulnoonlryd unclsrh drfisuac{oualdtoll'rrduunrfusruntfl u

so rrd'ltcldlqrduunrfuotuniniu
o 69.6
@ 96.6
(D 196.6
(D 169.6

?,5. dr n : u our u-udo I nr : rir o'n fn u{ o {ln o o n lqilu ornr ada urJ fi fi i ur
2CaCOr(s) + 2SOzG) + OzG) + 2CaSO+(s) +2COzG)
wdsrl# caco r doi, 'lunrrrirt-n so z 1,120 nz ii srp

(U?AOgnOUllO{Ca =40,C=12,O = 16)

O o.o5
@5
@50
@ 5,ooo

?fi. lfrtrrfinndl qndunuluiirfinruq iiR'lruuurtniu t.go+ glz fi srr

. oulnttrludrrrffrrffi ndrirtsriluufla#inln
@ NOz
@ NzH+
(D COz
@ SOz
 E rsaguszu-oroulafi rezu. u. 3 - 4- s
tl. *rnsarurfirnd. fin-agnavnr a 2q.og lurh 2.0 kg nuz'rfiprdsnuiilr -3.72" c
i'rgnavaruartrfluarrln lrirrunhlrr nuoti., = 1.86'c/m)
(D Cro Hz
@ CcHr+
@ CoHaOc
@ CzH+Oz

ZlE. Atz (SO+h . t2HzO uza Z.tgniu wfifiuauacnotto{oonfirourfluuirln

(U?nOgf,AUtOtlAl = Tl,H 1, S = 32, O
= = 16)

@ 3.01x1021
@ 3.l}xt}n
@ l.z2rto22
@ g.tzxton

29. dr znso+ 'xH2 o iilm t.otl nir rrasarurir u#rnnnsnou sof b?qjlugrJ
J
,o{ Baso+ il-{iluR tfilcnsnau Baso+ o.B223nir *du, firirnirln
(U?AOgnOUtlOil Ba
= l3'l,S = 32, O = 16, Zn = 65.3)
o3
@5
@7
@e

30. ul'onrlrdlttttuotirlrrupoi Inurirdurnrlr:rru ga.o nir uav 02 89.6 a'nr

d srp nscrrrrorniuuirl#Hniu
(D s7.6
@ s4.0
@ rs.+
@ 3.4
 ite-nt notinr[rrdst ua#tiln Gil1a1nu-ruqa 9

31. rut uqr'iiuor-undlrarin S.gZ Riu rir}Jarnrulun:nlun?n rdannnsnouflu

er:acarulcrduunnolrd rhnrilu AsCl 7.1E niu lusfiuqfitrqrtufouas
uirlnlnurlrurin (u?nosnouto{ Ag = 10t, ct = 35'5)
oe3
@ez
@6e
@st

iil#lu nr:rnrlu r?flurlocrlsit rrderflrb?rfi n Pr Oo

t2. rlr r,f,rurullatol o z

,l'ruau tt.oniu luanlurnqaP+oc = 220)

o 0.0s0
@ 0.150
@ 0.300
@ 0.450

33. rntiontinrn?nr,rdlfign: ASO+ ' aHz O6ruau 15.1p

g rlroldiunrrulou nudr

rhurinrrul1 7.05 g uurdr a (rirnunl{laalumqa ASO+ = t42)

os
@6
@7
(D10

y. nirtol B ttns C fiU'lnocnourflu + nirtm

g o'n:rnr:uTri
A, fitanosnotrflu Z

tolfrrt nz riludnirrlo{ cz
o2
@ 1.4

@ 0.s
@ doptirfi ustolunr:urdrnou
 10 neauuzu'araunfi tozg. n. 3 - 4 s
-
35. rr:il:snou cacos.3car (Fo+)z rfn s nil rciiT{oarloiao{finiu
(U?AOgnOUtO{ C = 12, O = 16, p = 31, Ca = 40)
@ o.r
@ 0.s
(D 0.7
@ 0.e

x. tfidornr:riiuu oz g.o g rrnilg'ffiurtorlufiurlurn:n n-{fiuR.r,

2NatIOg(s) 2tlatlOz (s) + OzG)
->
wdorl#Iryfiuulum:nfi niutfiwalclounstouJq'ffi urrrirn-u75.0
(U?n0UnOUtO{N = l4,Na = 23, O = 16)
(D rr.s
@ 34.0
@ 42.5
@ 56.7

37' tfido'r nuh?rji u rn ttoutfiaqnuniii srp,n"r durfl

uz uir Inunrr annrrniun r
x * wdsrnr;drfi ganrq0nirln
@ 135.5 K
@ 204.8 K
@ 273.0 K
@ (D.3 K

3t. rrftre ninpg-zg u:r1lunlflrrurn 6nr dqarrqr' 62"ctaatrrnulc

30.+
6-2 afr uftr a fi o-nrrnrrunirilufi uirtourflrfinu{ofrantur,ltrsolrd

(U?AOU0OUtO{F
= 19,S = 32)
@ r.+
@ z.s
@ 3.2
@ +.+
 itq-nt aotfnriradm uatifoila orllnlntfruqa 11

39. rdorirm:i'.lotirltol *lhiuiqnd z.ggniu lrJncnru'lun:n nCr rflr'l#

CaCO I

rfin COz 0.656 tfi ZO'C [a?, 7g2 mm Hg tldrursilrrjiusrlounslnulan

to{ CaCo rlucr:i'rsdrld

(U?nOUnOUtlO{C = l2,Ca = 40, O = 15)
o80
@85
@eo
@e5

40. rdol#Iailcrunfi rfiuu zo nil kinllrjlun:nlglnrnao?nn'otrldturn6uno

flrfirnrnrnaoqfiulfrr n, iir6niul# re.s z
ii sre nanindlffinrflufiouasnir'la
(Umosn0Ulo{ Mg = 24)
o 1E.4
@ 36.8
@ so.s
@ r8.8
12 tgnuuuzu-aroutafi razr. n. 3 - 4 - s

o
IRAURMOU

l. @ 2.GD 3. @ 4. @ !. @
6. (D 7.@ t. @ 9. @ 10. @
11. @ 12. @ 13. @ 14. @ 15. @
16. @ 17. o 1E. @ 19. @ 20. @
21. @ ?i2. @ 2,3. @ A. @ 25. @
xi. @ 2:1. @ 2,,,. @ 29. @ 30. @
31. @ 32. @ 33. @ 34. @ 35. @
36. @ 37. @ 3E. @ 39. @ fi. @
 i:tnt aotinrlrrdgt uatiforre oslalntiruqa 13

r4
tflauou'l{astoun

1. f,ou (D

r1R nr:u::frtinn:ouluoftitalirqluornol Colorfluttinnr:ddrfiq

6o wyntolnrr{ura ua-nnr:6nriutolrrr6 ffien,ro{qui illu
i'rr6on do R, {, fl ltrts I ir$rilutJnrlnqntndrr
utnvir R, t, R uav I titunr:t-nito6dinn:oufiqnCoqrnsrflulillC

ftriu @6uiludrrfiondqnCor

2. nou @
n=4
n=3
n=2

I ! ! n=1
oeo
01fl tdwrutolurliiudriutrnlrntjrlouftd t

rial n:u tilnu rtuz m6ol dl unl

tlas anjnniliillolflRtrnluna'llruornurntjrlouild,O, e racO

ftriu fitortnjnnEtdrflulrtlftioqt?uo, e unc O fio

rhriu naiiol um nrutird'u

3. noil @
L4 nnssr2u-oroumfi rozu. n. 3 - 4 - s

aa
ao ol
s ,; o
/\ I
o o H H H H
H

n1fl 6rfinn:oulilnnrdur rflurflr'ouuflu rmcdrfiutuurnryunTutcrsu"rdn

mnvir soz fi 3 urlr NHr fi 4 u{il uos Hzo fi + utu
ui nzofiordnnrou{Inniduadrzf orfi6ninnrfth?turnryrrf,urrrtinar
rrnna'r Nna driidrtinnrouqilnnfiulfiorfrfi uu

i.rrfu tumqu-utcriurdra-illCri1d soz > NH3 > H2o

+nou(D
lD n't mE tR arl ufi w I t o.t t-ilts
ilrR naruuiilqr:{to{n-lrrs0srrn iifordu orrorru'rdfiril-utcnTuocnou
wrndn
uns uil'tnosnou I>Br>Cl>F
uanl'ir naruufiqr:lrolrr'urc rtr > HCI > HBr > HI
ntrfu do n. qndor
e n'nrrorrlnrfion
nlfl trrril:cnsildfin-urclaln:rruiipr6ongqn
ltns urrdrqo:;rdrur': rirhft nrdonft rdudunruuanlumqa
urtnrdr pr6on HF > HI > HBr > Hct
nir?u {o r. gndor

5. nou @
 Bre-nt eotr"nrirrdst ue#fote oillnlntfnuqa 15

i'|fl CHrOH : C 6n sp3 -hobridiization

CHzO : C rfin tp' -h,rbridiization
COz : Cfin sp-hubridiization
lm3 ,p
3
- hobnidiir"tio, fi p - character rrod qt ii Rtttl ut'ltt-u t r urnfi qn

hubnidiization fi p - character rlo uii qn fi r tu ut al-u t v rlo uii qn

sp - R

ftriu n?luul?flutu c-o CHIOH>CHzO>COz

G nou (D

r1fl il-urclooofi n rhndurdolailc:rudrrYuslaus

J
R{1tU d'rril:cnoudfiri"ulcloooiin 6a xuoo+, Bao , Lizo

7, oorJ (D

r1R nlqiifirunusnou 11, 1g,37, ss o{lur{re

urrnvir trq'lnfiturnlrqiiiqn tsfinml'l'olhurnfiqn
ftriu p wfinrru'iolhurndqn

t. noil @
e I raU
01fl XeFz grlirlrdun:l luraqa luutl2
c I ra3
Bcclz SrJirudun:l luraqa luull?
.r a a d-- - -ln
PrClg 1il:rlfftvuntrrrl1Ulilauu tumqau{?
c r raJ
BClr Jilirwrurrdor,,rrtl, Hmqa lux{tl?
)
n{uil Prcta fianrn'uerirlnrndodul

9. noil cD

0'tfl narusouuC{to{fl lrfl arurfl ulo wrilr1',unluu:{6{gn:r7fu lumqn

{o{tI1:
16 naauuzl-sf,sunfi ro2u. n.3 - 4-s
ltas C rc H 12ln c o z rfl u ll rn q a hi fi t'a nih?ur l 6l gn : r r dr.r lu rn q n rfl u
ur{nounoil
Hzo uas Nng fi ur$ilgn:vm'rlluraqnrilun-urclalnlru
ui croHzrflullrnqarurnlrqj uanlurnqnurn
nlriu n'rrrgouuC{rortnuflnrorilulo crcHz > Hzo > NH3 > oz
10. oou @

hnri uo{}tf,u NaI tras Ig dlru-n:alniu g.gZ niu

61lfi rourufi NaI x niu uas Kr 3.g7 -x nil
rcld egurmn NaI = #r(to}+tTt)
= 1.57x nil
Ag urorn KI = ffirrtol+trD
= 5.62-l.Ox niu
Iond lCegr rzr s.s6 niu
osld 1.57x+ (5.62-1.42x) = 5.t6
0.15x = 0.24
toyl
utn*ir to.,.rriiNaL.r ''t
nlrfu founslaarirrrintm NaI = x n
ffirtoo
11. nou @

trR uznrtlCutsuroulurfiu = 4.48dm3 ,ffir# = 3.40 e

tmr = t'sllQmot
1000r]79,
r?aflo.uroulurfiudacaru = 2.s5g
lmol
tttnrdr uaauo.utoulrriiufiilrutj = 3.fi-2.55 = 0.g5g
nlriu $ounElnoraatoqroulurfioiirrulrJ = 9.9?-, tro = 2s
3.N
 itiilnt aotitnrlrrdut uacifoila Gulmntinuqa 17

12. eoil @

hnd tirufiurhcnoudau s 1.5 % Inuuaa l#rirufiu zoo n-u

rcld u?ato{ s ludrufiu = ffixzoo = 10.5 du
hnd rdorirtirufiutloqrtvl d soz gs qo
rs'[d u?a{o{ S'lu SO2 = -2lxtO.S rTu
hnd nrrrirt-ndau cao rfinrilu c"so+ firj:sfrnin'mr qo

( 10 = tu
dlf; '5 ,ro.r,40.16)
tsld 23.275
cao
um 32) ' 75
)
n{uil dsrl# cao ?A du

13. OOU (D

hnd lqrduunnol:do.z Ivt riruau 3oo m/

OJU
d
Na*lufir:flsaluNacl = # mol

hnd lrrdurfaru'ln 0.4 M'iruau v m/

ncu
d
Na* lutrr:aralu Na2Soa = ffi o,"r

hnd Na
*'lufl r:urulu#oouwirdu
2xO.4Y 0.2x3fl)
tcld
1000= 1000
0.2x3fi)
'
t=
2x0.4
=75
ft#u doslilryrduufan'ln 75 fi466n:

14. nou (D
lE rgaauuzu"af,eurafi rozu. n. 3 - 4- s
Ionri ttr:il:snourfinrulrrJrsnouCeu si 33 % t$J F 67 %

ts'ld rrrril:vnoufidn:rduu,l"ru:ufuasi:F = *r# = t:3

rurrnrdr gn:rornTn-a 6o sirr ) gn:Iuraqn fo (sirg)r

hnd dqa'r0fi 35'c R2ru iu t.lam firen z.gg niu uaciliurnr 208 ml
uas PV = nRT

rcld (1.7X0.20t)= n(0.0821)Q5 + 273)

n = 0.0140
2.3E
uanrdr Il=
(2E+3x19)k
2.38
k=
(E5X0.01,m)
-a
Ug
)
n{ilu gn:Iuraqa 6o (sirr)z rto sizrr

15. noil (D

hnd A2+82 2AB

-+
tlar rirufrtr Az 3mol nfltriu B2 2rrrcl
trld fieg'"ruau 2x2 = 4 mor uacMfio Az= 3-2 = rmor
urnldr iiufrayrlrr i = 4+ I = 5 mol
trfl d srp uffr r Irua firJirr ar - 22.4 dnt
uanrdr iisrpufrrrslua iirjiurni - 22.4x5 = u2.0 6n:
irriu ocldlrfiflnlilun ll2.o dn:fi srp

16 nau O
 Bto-nt ao?inrira6st uetfuile ou,tnlntirnqa 19

t'|fl nr:mr'trr?otirlaur,;roftolflr:iltcnoulsln:nrfuou tvld co, rac

Hzo ltns KOH rflui'lqn co2
iuld gfr OO mZilrsno11dro cor u6u H2o gfrrrdrrfiora'lorniru fOn
rrd'l ao mz 6o nzoftrfu co2=60-30 =30 nl
r1R iiqorrqu'uasneruniutduatYudn:rtiutolrJ?urn:tstrirfluo-n:ttieu
tsrdrurulun
ruld o-nrrriru,l'ruaullnto{ c*Hy:coz:H2o = 15:30:30 = lz2:2
tms C.Hy+nOz € 2COz+2HzO

rfln{'i1 x=2,y=4
)
n{uu gn:Irrnqato{rn:iltsourd 6o cz tt+

17. nou o
n1fl tn:fifin?ludulodou Prfionovgl
m:fifinarudulolrn mrdontcdr
tms o-n : triaut o{il ?nIUm Qntifi n arlf,u niuf,rlus-n:rtiaut oln'lu n'u

nhiu c filnrdondriiqn uav o fi1nrdongodq"

It noil @

01fl ufrrnaotu fign:rnfi 6o ctz

urrnrdr t lltaqntol ctz il:cnoudru 2 ocnouflo{ cl

ftriu ufrrrna#u r lla tsfi,iru'luosnowirrYu z nirtoltntohnrln:
(uifi ,fiuruluraqanirtiumtolanrln:1

19. noil (D
20 nasuszdoraunfi rezu. u. 3 - 4 - s

t'tR ,Trruuo'rroinriro-narocfi nrro'nnarun'um{o'h?cozuru.ruri.rr.rod,

t
n{ilil rurorilaransonnsrirblcozounlurirlcrluua.riu:rcnarrn-uiio-nl{
)
ilu6nn{

?,0. nou @

nlfl ueatalufrrMNz l fun = x+2yniu

osld uaatolrrfrrrMN2 6.02xt023 hrnq6 = x +2yniu
J
U!
n{ilil u'ratoqrfcMN2 r.srxroz furnq
^ = ##;x(x+2y)
= 3(x + 2y) niu

21. nou @

hnd fiar:ayaru naq rduflu ro r Inuuaa,fiuau zoo nir

tsld 'luar:ncaru fi Nacl = 0.10 x 2oo zo niu
=
c
tuo 6r Nact x nit rirh?arravarufiuea 2N +x nil
firtact =?-o+x niu
hnti rn'u Nacl x niu rirl#arrasarufrnarurdlf,u zo qo\auuta
tsld x+?.0 = 0.20(200+x)
mrnrdr x=25
J
n{ilu ovdo.rrn'l NaCl 25 niu

2tL nou @

n'rR nq t o u o ud "fi g ar r q iin r fi R ar u n-u un c il3 r rn r r s urj : er n niu tiu,,

nlucufltr pV = t = rirnlfi ,rootnlfi
 Ite-nt aoiinr[rr6gt uacfuile Gulalntinur;n 2l

hnd nauiurf,trfluznir uioPz = 2Pr

rcld PzY z = PrVr
2PrYz = PrVr
Yz =vt2
)
9{111r ilirrn:torufrranal 50 % rdoqoruqfi nd

21. nou @

0'lR nr:drln:trlnn:rfl ,'urlllJ'lloltufl o{ritj:cnoutslrrr:ld

ltau rtlumouufl n dauitln:urlnn:rflldrflu c ulr D
)
n{uu n fttirflufl'l:iltcnoil

A. noil o
hnd rnrlryrdull eln:ttunr{ustun tcldfl Bnnlsrqittlulqrduunr{uorun
tiuufrrnrfuoulnson'lcd uaslarh

tslfi 2NaIICOT NazCOr + COz + HzO

utnl'ir nnlCnrwrqufi ml Nazcor = ry' 2(23) +12+3(16)

23+l+12+3(16)
= 212 niu

hnd louastsualdtsllErduunrfuotunrfl u so
)
n{uil eral#r?ltorlryrduunrflotlrf, = 212 x o-80 = 169.6 nil

?5. nou @

t'|fl ,f,rurulun.uoit So2 = ffi = 0.05

tmu
a
n{ilu tsdolldcaco3= 0.05 x ('t0 + 12 + 3(16)) = 5 niu
 212 naountef,aeoulefi eazs. r. 3 - 4- s
?6. nou O
nlfl nnto.rufrrqnunn' PV = 611
PV= tRT
MW
MW = 1[e)*,
P\v/
PRT
= P
hnd ufrtrfinzrururuilu t.9il stt ii srp
ucnrdr Mlv = Q.9il)(o.o82t)(273)
I
J
= 44.02
n{ilil rrfradfir:nhmqarrirn-u M 6s coz

n. nou (D
0'tR 0n, ATr = Krm
lms ATr = 0.00- (-3.72)
= 3.72"C
K1 = t.8O'C/m
m = narlrdldu rilu.olal
= mol /kg
(zq.o\
t-t

= (uw/
2.0

osld 3.72 = 1.t6, N'0

2.oruw
IUW = 60.0
ftriu n-ennararun-zr?uorrril 1) c2Ha02

2e nou (D

้ึั
 fudnt aotilriradst uacfuila 6r1a1nt"nuqe 23

Alz (SO+)s - lZIcrzO urn Z.lg niu fi'flruauosnoutoloonfitnu

2'79 xvlx6.02xloB
2(27)+3(96)+1208)
22
= 7.?2x10

2lr. nqil (D

nlfl Znsor.xHz o fiuza t.otl niu fi,iruauluntol so;2

1.013
65.3+32+64+18x
rslfi ,firueuniuto{ BaSo+
1.013
,(tlt +lz+u)
55.3+32+64+18x
r.orr ),r,,
= 1.
U61.3+18x/
qJ
Irlru fincnau naso+rfindu 0.8?23 niu
I 1.013
ufin{2'l x233 = 0.8223
161.3+18x
)
Ug
n{ilu x = 6.98
x7

30. 601l @

t'|fl nurnlilflcln:nrfuouodrlaut;:ai tsld co z tl6u Hz o

osld CaHe +5Oz SCOz+4HzO

hnd drurulunto{crn,' = a$
3(12)+8(1)
= 0.75

,iruauluator oz=ffi=a
tcld o"n:rdru'fiuulun Cr Hs z 02 = 0.75
=
4= 1 : 5'3

lrfn{'il Cc He rflu firitiqg agent (fl'Hri11{uniliu1ol)

ftriu nzodrfindu = 0.75(4x18) = 54 e

A lplea.ntzu'afloulnfi aazs. n. 3 - 4- s
31. f,ou @

t'tR lu AgCl 7.18 niu iiAg = ffi'roe

= 5.4 niu
tmu ruiuqriuru-n 5.82 niru
J
5J ,1go
n{ilu fsunc Ag Inufrmu-n = 5.82
= 92.8
ec93

32. nou @

hnd r,lorr{oitrnrlnrftYuufrrroonimuudaldpeoc
r;ld 4p +3oz p+oo

->Oz = 3 nir,t'ruauluatol
uanl'ir t'uauftntol p+Oo

='.(#)
= 0.150
ntrfu r'rueulun 02 iild = o.r5o

33. nou @

0'tfl luaso+.aHzo,r'ruau 15.09 fifi = "r(ffi*; ,ru

fifi = r&(#r&) niu
llas ru{o ldfu n ar r 9o u nu a'rrirrrin r ru hl 7 .05 sd*fl u rhu rin nuo rh
tsld ,*(#") =7.05
)
a{uil a=7
 Ire-nt ao?inrlradst uact-ute 6u1a1nm"nu4a 25

Y. noil @

tt B fiurnocnowirriu t
trld A fiuaaovnolnirtiu zu

c fiurascnowirniu +u

t'|fl nqnrtutitto{tfltllsu
RtolA2 NIW tor C2
= MW tor A2
R tor C2

l8b
14b
F J-z
1.4

ftrfu o-n:tflt:trnitatuffr ez rflu 1.4 nirtoqrflt c,

3!i. noil (D

01fl flr:il:cnou CaCor . 3Ca3 @or)z t lua il:vnoudau P o lua

gv )
n{uu ar:il:cnou Cacoa.3Car @o+)z rrin s niu osfiilorrr{oia
5
=@x6x31
= 0.9 niu

35. f,oil @

hnd Souastslrraldt?uslrlfii?urnirfluzs'o
dslnrtrniuu oz 8.0 nil nnl#t?woit 02 =
g'o niu
nnlCt?r
rar Ssuacflaldt?t = xlfl)
fla lCnruqufi
E.0
tcld fla ldnrwrqufi =-x75 100

= l}.6t niu
26 roauuuzf,araurafi razs. n. 3 - 4 - s

t1fl 2tlatlOg(s) 2}.[at{Oz (s) + OzG)

-+
ftriu dorl#Nrxo3 = Wx2(23+14+3(16))

= 56.7 niu

37. nau @
a,
M ufrriirjirrsr t lua
iir#u it srp iirjiurnr 22.46m naudu t etm
.ah
qnfiru iiiliurn: = e)@2.0 = 44.8 fin:
nerln'u = (o.75xl) = 0.75 atm

gnt PV = nRT
(0.75X44.8) = 1(0.0821)T

J
T= 409.3 K
R{UlJ do.rn:cfrfi qarrql' 409.3 K

3& rou CD

O rr rrw rorufra I
O'IR PV nRT

-RT
rflw
mRT
MW
PV
(193.2X0.0821)(62+ 273)
(6.2)(3o.4)
= 2t.2
ucnl'ir uw roqrfn A = 2t.2
 ire-nt aotinrlredut ue#foile orlnlnzia:ulqa 2il

e rrdrnot
o'lfl Mw{o{SF5 = 32+6{19l = 16
RrorA UIW ro{ SF6
rsld IvllV ror A
R ro{ SF6
t-lt46
l za.z
)
= 2.3
vg
n{ilu rufra e fi dnlnr:unirfl u z3 nirtoqrfrtrfarrla{lenwr{trool:c

39. noil (D

O urfruauhntol coz

hnd tfin coz 0.656 tfi zo'c LLas 7g2 mmrlg

ffiC PV = nRT

tcld ffiro.utu = n(0.0821)(20 +273)

n 0.02M =
ucnl'ir dru:uluatol COz = 0.0284

C rrdrnou
n1R CaCOr (s) + 2HCl(aq) + CaCl2(aq)+H2O+COzG)

rsld druulunto{ cacor (s) = ,fiu'rulmtol CozG)

= o.u284
lucr:n-'lotjrlfi caco3 = 0.02E4x(40+12+3(16))
= 2.ue
2'Mrtoo
ftriu fsuaslnuu2atol cacoa = 2.9
%.9E
r 95

fi. noil (D
2E nnsuuzdamunfi raru. n. 3 - 4 - s

hnd rfiuufla n, iirfinduld ro.s z d srp

tcld ,fiuau'luato{ H2 drfindur3r

=
16.5
22.4
0.737

tlR Mg (s) + 2HCl(aq)

--+ Mectz(aq) + HzG)
tsld ,l"ruzuluato{t H2 nruqufi = ,fiuauluailo{ Mg
20
24
0.E3

irrfu nranfiniilffiorflulouac 0.737

xtrx,
0.83
88.8
 ito-nt aoiinrlrrdst uac itna ourarntfntqa 29
I
d,
Iru?{odoil tnfi do?u. qel n2
r u6onr{rn oufi q ndol fi qn rflul 6rn outd u e

1. arrjnniurfintrnnr:ii6rf,nn:ouiuna-rrtuotflR'luuofl udenjduurcn'uila-lltu

Nf, trtqrrrrrj nn iu iotjd

oe
{
fi?'ruu1?Rau
0

drfif,oapldrq 6td 6s
n. fi6rf,nn:ou z n{udiita-llrunirfiu
t. fi z #uuatsrufi 6rtinn:ougnn:vefudulrlo{
n. 6rfi nn:ou z n{u'ldYuilrillrun:cdutinirriu

t. 6rdnn:oun{uii o findwrugrn'irn{lii e
f,oapJlnitriluhJld

o n. nirriu
o r. nir#u
)
GD tt., n. ttns l. rrirriu
@ qnqndo

2. dr6rf, nntou njduu:vn'utdtuu ntiotjd

fl.n=2 ) n=3
1l.n=2 ) n=6
fl.n=7 ) n=2
 30 naauuzu-orounfi rozs. n. 3 - 4 - s

dolniatJdgndor
tD n. finrrgnndwufifin.rrudtorodugoiiqt
@ r. iinrrgnnn-ruudfi narruranduoraiiqn
@ n. fi nrrnrura'wrudfi naru6ro.rnat, g.rfi qn
@ t. finr:nrum-luufi fin..rro.,rndr#rdq,

3. co lu cozos finr:t'niiiul6rtinn:ouotirllr 1co firarocnou

= n)
(D ls2 %2 2pu 3s2 3pt 4s2 3d4
@ 1s2 2s2 Zpu 3s2 3p6 4sl
I 3ds
cD1s2 2s2 2pu 3s2 3pu 3d
6

@ ls2 2s2 2pu 3s2 3pu 3d

7 4s2

4. ,r"ruzuosf u'n"aErr1n'lursn'ura-wrun=+iifi
oof iin-n
o4
@16
@32
@8

5. rrq{1nfir1ueu6dlnn:sulu s osfiin-a:arrrirriu
(D rsK riu rzRb
@ rcK diu 2sCa
@ 2sCa riu 35Br
@ reAr rTu 1eK

6. nr:t'nfi urdrtinnrouluununrriatjdiduafls.rryur*orln

ntn
n. tcn'uiln"{{1ilila"fl
T. tsn"uila-{lrudou
n. dru zuua s?r'fin r{tow a {iin-a
{. il'rfltt{n1t?t{u
 ilre-nr aotz-nrfrr6st uac rfona Gulnlntt"nuqa 31

)
(D n. uas t. nirriu
J

@ R., t. uas n. nirriu

@ fl., fl. rtac l. nirr?u

@ qnqndo

ul#doryndotJd lunr:nsun'rorldo 7 llnu E

!1rl tailu2a rln'unatrrugrqa ,irururanuffitiinrtou

A t9 2 7

B A 3 2

c 32 3 6

D fi 4 2

7. drn'uwrnto.rloooudrr6u: n'odsln
@e>B>c>D
@p>c>B>A
(DC>D>A>B
@p>B>c>A
E. drn-unrrltflulnilc{oltrq 6odo1n

og>D>c>A
@A>B>C>D
@D>B>C>A
@c>A>D>B
9.

!1tl r n-ll tulooo'lurryf,u (MI / rnol) tirn'ud

I 2 3 4
A 0.4 3.1 4.4 5.9
B 0.6 1.1 4.9 6.5
C 0.6 1.8 2.7 11.6
D 0.7 1.5 7.7 10.5

rr:il:vnoroonlsdtoltrq'lnfi gn:nniioutiu
32 naauu2u-orsunfi aozu. u. 3 - 4 - 5
(DA, B
@+ c
CDB, D
(DA, D

10. rrr:il:snoulu{olnfi trqduanunroonfirnfu6rna'rrrq'luflodu1

@ vFs
@ raFnn (CN)cI
@ NazSO+
@ [Nn+]t prol

11. flonaruiatjdflolnn'n
(D trr:il:snoulossfinfi
1nr6ong.r
@ rr:ilrvnouloaafi nur6u:urn rr:r;fi u:rn',rgnb,lflrr6n:cr?'r{nlooou
taq
n'l.lIilnflil
@ ar:il:cnounloaofinr-nrsrinrsrl'r.rlarsiifirf,iqulaos'lur.rfudrn'uii r n:i
fluolarsd fi rn-wru 1o oolu rryfu rirn-ud r 6r
@ Inrr#mtorar:il:s noulosofi nfi n'nusrclnrutinirmrdru Inuudac
looou rcfi looouirwfi ndou: ouolidru,fiuaunrfi raro

12. rr6urairiun?1ru1?.uo{rr-1JrJ c - o luluraqn rto looouio}Jd

fi riran n qn ru driro tirr'lr

a co:] > coz > co

 flte-nt aotinriredut uac rfola oillnlntt-nuqa 33

13. nr:rilduuurJar'ludo'lnd#rfi ,prld'hdlurJfi fii urqnn'rru9au

(D c(s) + ozG) cOzG)
@ CCI+G) C(s) + 2CtzG)

@ 2HzG) + OzG) 4 zEzO(e)

@ c(s) +2rz(e) + cH+(g)

14. lurrunr: AzG)+BzG) +2AB(g)

drnn'llru1ilfl'l:da'lull-lltutlo{ Az = 436 kJ, B z = v[2 kl
*acild{{1il1unr:aaruriutsA-B = 431 kJ
mrrdrrJfr 6Eurdrwu dcrrandouocfi ilEuroln'lrlgourrJ6uuhlnirln
(D +lE4 kJ
@ -lM kJ
@ +?[l kI
@ -2{t kt

15. lrrnqantolooou{lnei0lildfipJirl'hiruiioutiu
O gctg, PHr
@ Hzs, Hocl
@ cH+, cHCle
@ BeHz , COz

16. Yt'm:qrdonaruiolrjd
n. Hzo filnr6ionqln'ir uzs
11. Hzo fiuaarloun'i'l HzS
fl . o fi rf,utcl glnttmdntrfi uarcil?'rclutaqnuiilltt:ln'ir
H z

.t. Hcl filnrdondrne'r rur

o. Hcl fiuaarloun'j'l HBr

34 nasur?u-ofoutafi fozg. * 3 - 4 - s

{aagrJlndald ]rirfl urrqnafi gndor

@ n. ulomrn n.
@ .t. tujartrn n.

@ n. rdomrn r.
@ Lifidolnnndor

17. f,1r A fir'rnllraqa 64 il:cnoudau s uns o odrmvrrirln-urnuran tfiar: e

to niu fit'ruaulrrnqauirriu g tg niu drr B n,urflurr:oslr
(D NOz
@ CSz
@ COz
@ SOz

lE rrr:ilrsnouoti^rul.riignrrflu X zco s . rOH zo 0.rRRri?rnoorrua'riiu,rn

ZaJ
rirntinnTltua 60 % r?nosnourj0l x nirriurrirln
o20
@24
@30
@32

lg. rJ6'fi?urrrra'r x y rilu}Jn1uf,uR.r, D( + 3y

n-u
--+ 2A + 38
tfrl#ar:nsalux rfi) cm3 dwturrnfllrx o.zonir acarufinudu
fllrnualu tfi) cm3 wrirrJfiffiurrofiflttrrrraualu y fifin.rrurfludu o.to
mol/dm3 druau 2o cml rlrlrlzalulnQaro{tl:x
@zs
@ 150
CD 3OO
@ 4s0
 itiilnt aotinrirsdm uas'funa ouralntfnu4a 35

?fi. ,r1ruru1rdii C"Ct z qnrfiuallud1tnsolgtlol AgNO a tituuflr:ncnru AgNO g

fnuasnru Ag 2.t6niunr1un:nlunin urru'latiluniltolttRarfiunnol:dlu

d.l:ae61u dr CaClz ntuunririlfrfiiuruodfludTa&n'lu AgNOr r6n ngCt
o 0.s7
@ 1.11
cD 3.48
@ s.63

21. HE'
* 0.5 cm
3 fi orlnrnryaJru,fruaurrir'ln (drraunl# R2lU?lultlriutol

il:on = t3.6Etcm3 ttauu?noJnouflo{Hg = 200,'83*ttl

(D 5.69x102
@ s.l3rtoa
@ 1.138x102s
@ 1.14,6x10x

t2. r{toou -12 (CCtzrr) rflurrfrrdl#,ilrrrrtrflrn, rrrduludrdu dlriturtrn

flufllt tti.rtildqal CCI+ + SbFr + CClzFz + SbClr

tfi cCl+ tS+ nit rf,rrlfrffiurriu SbFa 107.4 ni1; ocrfindtoou-l26niu

(u?aosnouxo{ ccl4 = 154, SbF 3 = 179, CCxzF z = l2l)
@73
@ 109
(D 121
@ zts

2l,. fn:nua1udfi rirrfludrrf,rncn'lu uasfi naruduf,urilu o. too luaiofi lanil

fi lnrdonuiilqrirrYu 4.60 t d"llnnrarulucr:acaruilnriranr:tilum:1nurn
dq, 6r ruuhuiqnf = 1.86'c / m)
(D MgClz
@ CuSO+
(D Licl
@ NarPol
 36 roauuszu-oraunfi aazu. n. 3 - 4 - s

a. ludrufi ufi rirlvtiulugrJrourih{'lrd G"s, rdoprrtirufi u rc lC so z n'rrrnr:

ftfthildqal FeS2+ Oz + FezOs+SOz
!,taud
t1rmrtirufiu t nf,u1ur::u'rR'rflt o\r oz fiurnrfiuno wldso z 224.-'d srp
udariruf, ufi ui b{1:dfouacrdrlnlnuu?a (u?aoeoouro.r Fes 2 = 1 2g1
o20
@30
@()
@60
2s. ar:6'aodrwfi nilul.rfi qnrn:ur1a'r il:snoudau Na u6u r lugrJtoroonlryC
ludnrrtiau t : t lnulrla rdsrirm:ur 2.0 nirasnru'lun:n HNo3 udrcsr1ru
rrrft rc'ldrr:il :snor'lurfl :n urtn r.l znf,u trrrfouacro.rfl .rrrJurdou
(U?aoJnoU{o{t K = 39, Na =23,O 16)
=
@ 9.4
@ tt.t
@zz
@78

26. ar:lfinrd{rJ:cnoudau c uac n rrirr?u ruoofrrr:d t.zg nflu u.rrn.rR-u

aj
oo nfrtoufi trntfi uno ldrrfanriuou'ln so n'l qd s.tg nir uasrir r.so niu
dtaslJ
rilu ah n nTarci r{nf l gn lo u nT n-a r o I rrr :fi
ocH
@ CsHs
CD Cz Hr
@ CzHs

2:l . Ia r v uru nfi rfi uu rirrJq'ffi ur riil n:n I gln: n n o? n'lduunfi rduu n a o l:d ua s ufrr
leln:tnu tfi nrruuuniirfiuu ts.o niu n-un:nlaln:naoEnfi urrufiuno rua'rrfi n
MgCl z4o.onil urr$ounurol Mgct, iirfindu
@ 4.s
@ s4.s
@ il.s
@ 74.s
 ito-nt as?inriradffi unc itra oulalntinuqe 37

2t. mnrlfifiiur 2x2YxG)+5zzG) szsYz(g+D<t@;)

tftl# X zyg 30 sm3 rfirJfrffiurtiu Z2 100 cm3 wtfinnfinrforcffi ,.3
d .a- Jo i
611j0n:u1utflnil STP

ots
@ao
@45
@60

29. tdu,rl', KMno+,f iu auu dl ldrrfrrr o z r6n du dl fi I nr: 1u-l hildqa I

XIr[nO+(s) € KzMnO+(s)+I\ilnOz(s)+OzG)
drfiufia ozrfindu 11.2 dm3 d srp wdoql# Klvtno+ 6niu

(u?aocf,ouno{ K = 39, I\rttn = 55, O = 16)

o 158
@tg
@ 43.5
@ rto

30. fi1tnra'lutolndtr#ulurh ftfi1nrdonuifu -5.58'C wfilnrdonnirln

rirrunb?Kum{ri1 = 0.51'c/or, Krtoqtir = l'86'C/m
o 98.47'C
@ too.17'c
@ 101.53'c
(D 103.00'c

31. rir#ulnrsrtnntfiuuurin tS.O niu rlrlodolfluarnrrfiurft tu'irn'auon

fi rn urfl u uiualrnjd uurfl uil uo{ a{ ft rirurinld t 8.6 niu rirun a tfr uu r:Jd uu

rituarrrj:snouoonltudotiNrduarrirr?u wurdrtft tudordslailgflouas

ra t - a
til1ln10{1.l114Ufltnu
o 38.3
@ 40.0
@ 48.4
@ 60.0
3E rsesuu?!-af,autefi razs. n. 3 - 4 - s

32. rrfrrrrfinnu'1il?lrn: 250 cm3 d srp firhmrinuir fit o.zgtg tfrarrfilrsnormol

rrfrtrrflu c 92.24 % uaa H 7 .76% rrdruaErrgn:Iumqatourfrarfi nd
(D Cz Hz
@ CzHt
CD Cz Hc
@ C+Hs

ffi. cnHno rr dtuau I luraqa wil:cnoudau,fiueuOrtiorrurduqoro

o E19

@ 1,369

@ 1,639
(D 1,819

y. ncno'lfiuaaa Jnou 2w .2 finruuururju t t.+ g r cmt ncn'a 5 osnouiirJ?rrnrd

Ja
0nulflRtryilnflnt
@ t.5trto-23
@ 3.V2xl0-B
@ t.5trto-22
@ t.t2xto-21

35. rr:ilrsnou y il:cnouc'ru Nras o ludnrrd.rAT :+ Inurra uda flrrilrcnou

y zzniu wilrsnouCau Ndacnau
o1
@2
@ 3.01x1023

@ 6.vzxtoB
 Ite-nt aotinrlredst uru rfora osaatn:t-ruqa 39

36. fllrnen.luNazCOs rdtdu 0.5 lluaa finarutial,f,rtills 1.02 tgfinerutdUdu

icra
R tUAOOnn:

o 0.s
@ 0.05
(D 0.48
(D 0.04E

g7. n'.lotiltYlnvfitiuiqndfirhrrfn 5.10 g rdorn'un:nlgln:nno?nnllrhf,rrJfrffiur

wrfinufrtlsln:rtudu drrj?urn:to.rrrfrrrdldrfl u 1.62 x 103 "-' fi srp #'lodrl
f,.rncfi iild fi n'rruu?qn#fiouasnirln
o 69.8
@ 74.6
@ 85.3
@ e2.7

3t rdslaaioonlrcnollailc M iliurs 3.6 g c1JUHz iliursurntcldlnils Iu urin

3.2 g dhlrnouf,outlo{ M rne O firir 64 uas tO nrudrnlt gnrotirsirutol

oonlcidfiodoln
(Duo
@ MOz
@ Ivrzo
@ MzOr

39. fafflofi'rodN +niu iltcnoud'lufa${o{ocnaunirtiu x osnou drdolnr:tcl#

nrfuou 2x osoou nr:rirnriuouurfinil
(D +.0
@ 3.0
@ z.o
@ t.o
40 naauu?u-orounfi raru. n. 3 - 4 - s

n. ufrafleutcil'l'r.rnrfirouuouon'l.rduasnrfuoulnoonl$drjutiu,iruau ztmniu
fi ,l"ruau z Iu a orrr,l'ruaulu ntoqrflan rfu ounlnoa nlryiluuflanaud
o2
@3
CD+
@5
 i:tnt aotiinrlrrdst uec itna ournrntinuqa 41
o
tflaufl'l9lou

'4.
1. @ 2.@ 3. @ @ t. @

6. @ 7.@ E. @ 9. @ 10. @

11. @ 12. @ 13. @ 14. o 15. o

16. @ ll. @ 18. @ 19. @ 2,0. @

21. o 22. @ 23. o A. @ ?,5. @

xi. o rl. @ 2t. @ 29. o 30. @

31. @ 32. o 33. @ 34. o 35. @
36. @ 37. @ 3t. @ 39. @ fi. @
 42 reeauszu-oreutefi tozr.. n.3- 4-s
t.l
tflauou'l{autoun
t. nou @
oe
j
R?'IUUMRAil
0

0'tR rdaOrtinn:ouzn-adfi ra'Nruccdurduariulciunf,irruf iunnirqiu

wrhl#lirsiunn'.Hrufi unnirnTuiour6rtinnrur#oruooluila-{{.nr
oonurnr'rR-urn-wrufi iurdrhJluSrho{ua{udafi rcn'uiln-ururrirrhu
hc
uac AE=hf =
L
urnvir fidriinn:au z nrjl1#iura'wrun:;{uhirrirfiu Inun{uii o lcil
rn"{rllrurnnr'r unsfi rdwru rrnnr'rnrjuii e
-i
nrriu t., R. !r0r r. rfluf,orgrJdgndor

2- noil @

nlR ra-r{luto{6rf, nn:oufi rirrrndunrrurirrsn'urn-wru

ocld n.a=2 ) n=3 rflunr:gntdllru
11.t=2 ) n=6 dUnr:gnta'WrU
it. n = 7 ) n = 2 rflunrrnrurn'wruuarfirirurnfiqn

ltn
I
AE=fufl= hc
?t
OU
)
n{uu n. rflunrrnrura-wrufi iirirurndqn un;fi narrdErqn

3. nou @
 ?te-nt ao?inrlrrdu uac fuila cutnlntt"ruqn 43

t'tR n Cofinrtt-nfiul6rtinn:ourflu
ls2 zs2 2p' 3s2 3pt 4s2 3d7

rrd 'lu cozo g : co fimtoonfitn#u trirn-u +3

lmu nr:rfiu6dnn:ou tufiu6riinaroil?{ilonqnlrJriou

n'rrfu n coBiinr:n-nf;iu.t6riinn:ourilu
rs2 h2 2p' 3s2 3pt 3d6
+ f,ou @

t1R oofiin-n:au = i2,rtu, 6urunn'laun'l

ftriu ,fiu.luooffirTuglqnlu:ciuiln1flu n = + do +2 = ro ild
4s I oftital
4p 3 orbital
na:ruoofiin'o=1 + 3 + 5 + 7 = 16
M 5 orbital
4t 7 orbital

5. noil (D

t'lR zo ca fi nr:t'nfi w6rf, nn:outilu

rs2 zsr2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2

tsl# ,fiuau6rtinn:ou:au1u s.orbital = 2+2+2+2 = I

llau 35 Br fi nu t-nrin6dinn:ourilu
1s2 %2 2p' 3s2 3pu 4s2 3dlo 4pt
ocld ,u"ruru6rf,nn:ou:ru1u s.orbital = 2+2+2+2 = t
J
R{UU zo Ca rYu as gr 61fi'firu'lu6#nn:ou1u s+rtita nirtiu

6. nou @
0.1fl ITnfl rflunrrf,nriusadinnroulu p-oftital 3 orbital

*r t r n g rJ rfl u n r r rfl u du tfo, u t

ftriu trngrl 6rriiorflu :vn'undruuudn, rsiundwrudou, druru
ffi cfi mNtolooffi n-n unvfi rnrlnr:trlud, u
 44 roasuul!-af,aurafi rozil. n. 3 - 4 - 5

7. nou (D
o Jad
,lql tatu26 rviurallruglqn 0111?lJt?tau.uotnRn rou
A 19 2 7
B 24 3 2
c 32 3 6
D q 4 2

urRnrrl{ rclCnr:o-n6u.r6rf, nn:ou n-rd

A 27 1e o{r{ zy

lCa'r 9A- 2 8

B 2 8 2 1n o{u{ zy

l#d'r 2+
nB 2 8

C 2 8 6 tc o{r{ o1

lda'r n2- 2 8 8
16r-
D 2 8 E 2 P o{u{ z1

lCi'r 2nD2* 2 8 t
uci o'loooufifi:sn-u#ura-ro.,ru.,od, tvfiurnlrqjdu
e'lo ooud ii r s n'u #u n d.u ru rrir nTu'lo o o u ln fi ra t o s n ou r rnn dr
rsfirurnfirlsundr
ucnl'ir tulnuo{ rcc2- , zoD2* > 9A- , t2B2*
)
i'.rriu drn'ururnrolloosufira6u: R'o C >D >A> B

8. noil (D

n1R nrrurflulnilsro{r1q
o rrqiioqinmdruwfi nzrurflulailciiurnndrrrqfi o{nr.rrar
e tr d {r {rd u'r n-u r q w fi r rilu Ia r rntu du o, u wi r.r
q a r n ru s or a
)
n{ilu drdunarurilularsmlrrq 6o D > B > c > A
 itfnr actrtnrlradut uac':fona Gutalnlt"rnqe 45

9. nou O
!1q r6lmulooolurs#u (MI / moD drn'ud
I 2 3 4
A 0.4 3.1 4.4 5.9
B 0.6 1.1 4.9 6.5
c 0.6 1.E 2.7 11.6
D 0.7 1.5 7.7 10.5

01fl nr:rild uu urj a rrirn a'wru'loo olurryfu

+2.7 +1.3 +1.5

A : 0.4 + 3.1 4.4 5.9.

-++3.8 +1.6
+0.5
B 0.6 + 1.1 + 4.9 € 6.5

+1.2 <l.e @
c 0.6 + 1.8+ 2.7 + 11.6

.{0.t @ +2.t
D: 0.7 + 1.5 +7.7 + 10.5

0s1fi rirnrislru'looo'lutry#uririuii 2 to{ A rCldulrnn'irrjnn'

3 r,o{ B rduduurnn'irrjnfi
4 xo{ c rClduurnn'irrjnfi
3 to{t D rdudulrnn'irrjnfi

rui tfrfinr:njduu#uurdtuu ndwrulooolutr#ilwrir*uduurnndrrjnfi

tsl# druauarraud6rdnn:sutol A = I (l'tlil)
B = z lnqz'1
c = 3 1r{rl
D=z 1n$z'1

tt6rn{'i1 loooufirrrdu: 6o A+, B2+, c3* llau D2+,'

lmu tl'Eiltcnousonl'rdtsltrq 6o A2o, Bo, c2o3 ttas Do

ftriu dttil:unoilsonlrydtu B tlau u fignttru'ouriu

46 naauutu-af,ounfi rozu. n. 3 - 4 - s

10. nou (D

trR @ vFs
ae
ta100fl.ilRru F -1
AU
lnll00RtrtRru v +5 + o{En
@ rrFan (cN)cI -e
rnfl00R!ilnril K +1
-o
tnfloofl.ilRrll c +2
As
tntoofltilRtll N -3
mroonfrmf,u IVIn +3 +- 0{l[e
As
@ NazSo+ Ifl100RtlRr1l Na +1
Ao
tnl00Rtutnru o -2
ao
rato0Rtilnril s {6 + 0{fln
@ [Nrr4]tpF6I mtoonf,rnfir N -3
as
latooRlrlniil H +1
Ao
laflooR.mntil F -1
ao
m{oofl.ilntil P +5 + fl{0n
ftriu s fimmonim#ugrdqn fis 16

11. nou O
t'rR Inr.rniilnirnrriru dufinusrcrorflr:ilrcnoulnnrau.f ldld
eirilrsnoulooofin
rmu donerlludo @, @ rac @ rfludonarufigndo.rfnrru
)-
n'.rriu @ rfluflona.rrdo'n

12. noil @
 itr-nt aoiinrlredat uat fuile suralntinrulqa 4il
J
o
il
C o-c-o c
- o
/\
o o
n1R rfurc c tiu o lu co12 riluriutsn\rdurdr{
il-ulr c n-u o lu coz rilurfutv{
rfuts c tiu o 1u co ttlunTutcrrru
ftriu n2'ruu't?tolrfulc C tiu o co.f > coz > co

13. nou @

0'|fl nr : gn t n-rr ru rdrhJ w lrJlilu nr : rta r uniu t s

uacfl 'rrfl luiln-{rtiloonurtdo'l#lunr:dlNn-utc

)
n{uu @ C(s)+ozG) CozG) nru rCo#rlrf,uts
@ CCIrG) -+ C(s)+ ?]C.lzG) qt durrulurfuts

@ 2HzG)+OzG) + ?flz}G) nru tnto#rlr{"utc

@ C(s) +2llz$) + CH+G) Rru tntorfilrfuts

14. f,orl O
rdnnr: nn-.r.rrufi li'lunrttnrurf,utc tc[fl u +
nd.r.rrudl#lunr:tflrlrf,utc tctfl u -
Iond flun1t AzG)+BzG) +2AsG)
tdluulunr:tarurf,utslort A2 436 kJ, Bz = %2 kl
=
rn-lltulunr:tnrurfutcA-B = 431 kJ
osld tfrwrutaltullU = 436+242-2{431) = -lM kJ

ftriu dlurndou tufiil?lratnarufourrj6uulil = +lM kJ

4E roauurzr-orourafi tozu. n. 3 - 4 - s

15. noil O
grlir.rluraqn arur:orft uruldlnul#
ilqufi VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron pair Repulsion Model) n-ld

@ : flrtrrduuuuurtu pHa :
nct3 fi:sn'nlrurrurrdut
@ Hrs, Hocl : {u{to
@ CH+, CHCI3 r nrlinrfi
@ BeH2 , Coz : rdunrr

16. nou (D

n2o filnrdongrndr uzs 6.rur?e'1H2o fiuraluraqnrloundr H2s rrrlu H2o

fi u:rdnrrfi uarcil?'Nlurnqa 6o n-urclern:rru #urfiur:rna'ru:rdnmfi ua

tvra'Nlurnqaxo{ s zs dqfl uu:rdrqn:urdrrfi

17. nou @

0'tfl ,fiuaulumqa = Iuaxmrolanrln:

hnd flrr A to niu fi,1'ruauluraqarrirn-u n tg niu
ryld t'ruauluaro{f,l: e nirriurrt g
t9 t6
I\rfWg &
MWs 76
I
un uaallraqaro{ cs z = 12+2(32) = 76
)
n{ilu g nelflu cs,

lt. nou @
1# x fiuanoynorrrirrYu rrt
rsl# uaahrnqaro{ Xzcoa . loHzo = lM+ 12+3(16) + lo(rE)
= ?A+2M
 ire-nt ao?inrirrdgt uat fuile Eu1a1n??-ruqa 49

hvrd Xzcor. 10Hzo iilaarhnrtinneluun 60 %

tcld
180 = o.6o
?A0+ZNl
M =30
)
irriu u?nosnouto{X = 30

19. nou @

t1R ?X+3Y + 2A+3B

molx moly
tcld =
2 3
3mol; = 2moly

Innd rrlt x o.zo niu rirrlfrfitsurnodflurr:avalu Y iifinarlrdudu

0.10 mol / fui3 t'rueu 2o cm?

3xo'2 N
IvIWy =
rsld 2xo.lx
1000

I\[W; = 150
a
vv
n{uu u?nlumqa{o{fl1l x- 150

n. nou @
ffi * rfluuaarfl uniuto{ cacl 2'lurrrracnru
01R rJfr ffi urrnfi iiqaudr rfi ndunld
2Ag+4HNOr + AgI'[Ol+2t'[O2 +2HzO
2AgNOl +CaClz + 2AgCl+Ca(NQ)z

hYrd cacl zn'lu l n rir il 6'

ffi ur u od rYu dffi asa l u Agr'Io r

rslfi ,iruru'luatortAg = 2nirtol'f,ruaufuatolcaclz

2.16 2x
108 40+2(35.5)
2.16xlll
x
108x2
1.11
50 nasuu?r"aflaunfi razu. n. 3 - 4 - 5
)
dlriu u2auo{cact2 = 1.11 nil
2L nou O
O urfru'ruoUnm{otlurol Hg} l ornol
o'rn '33t, = n*lrt
nsld p+n = 2N
P=t0
n=l2O
urnvir ng * t ovnorfioqnmunfur?u = t0 + (E0 - 2) +t2o = Ttg

O rrdrnou

nlfl ,u'rurufunt0{Hg2+ = g - tg'9}-0's

= 0.034
2fi 2N
i'.rriut'ru'luorlnrogulrrrtorr, = 0.034 x?itgx6.o2x roB
= 5.69x1O23

2i2. nou @

nlfl mrnrrmfifigaude
3CCl+ + 2SbFr 3CClzF2 + 2SbCl3
un& cctatl4 niu rfrrlfifiiutn-u sbF3 tw.+ niu
U?nOYOOUllOl CCI+ =154, SbF3 = 179, C0,2Fz =l2l
tcld 154 tw.4
154x3 179x2
uanvir sbF3 rfluflrrdrruniliuror
ntriu wfnrsoo u -12 = (l2lx 3)xlU7.4
179x2
= 108.9

^r 109 niU
 ite-nr aotz-nrlrrdst ues ifona o$1a1ntir$nt 51

23/,. noil (D

UrR IIn: ATr i K1m rdodagnnvnruunRn-zld

unU ATr 0.00-({.60)

0.60'c
Kg 1.86'C/m
m 0.1(X) mol/kg

rul# 0.60 i (1.86X0.100)

I 3.22
3

Iri MgClz MrE2* +2cj,-

ftriu f,:gnnrnrunT tflu Mgclz

a. noil (D

|l,
tlt tirufiu t nilfi FeSz x rtiu
i,
nlR fluRlrilqnrtn?
4FeSz + 11Oz ZFezOg+ SSOz

hnd mrtirufiu t nir rdo ozfiurn6um wlCs oz ?2A".' d stp

tsld ,iru'rulrato{ soz = ryl'y
22.4
= o.ol
x 0.01
lms
4$n) 8
x 0.60
I 100x
llfin{?'l 60
1
)
n{ilil drufi ufi uilrll:dlounc oo Inuraa

?5. nou (D

lfi ,iruaullnroq Na2O = ,fiuaulufl{ol KzO = x

52 nesuuzu'af,ournfi rozs. n. 3 - 4 - 5

t'lR NazO + 2IINO3 2NalIOr + Hz O

KzO+2HNOg €2KNOe+HzO
lmt U?AUO{Nat'[Or+U?AtO{t KNO3 = 3.72 niU
nsld (2xX85)+(2x)(101) = 3.72
x = 0.01
I
ufln{?'l u?arlo{ NazO = 0.01(62) = 0.62 nin
U?Glllo{ K2O = 0.01(94) = 0.94 niu
I
Itfln{?'l u?n1o{trtlrrJurtou = 2-0.62-o.gt+ = o.44
J
o'4 xtgo
Ug
a{ilil lourutolttr:rjurdou - 2
- 22

2f,. nou CD

rn'nnrr rdomrar:rJrsnoulrln:nrfuoutiuosnft rufi r1nr6ililo

rs ld nr{uou'ln oon'l.rd u6rsu?1

0'1fl CxHv+Oz
--* COz+HzO rlnrttfthlqa
hnd rdomrrrrilrunoulrln:nrfuoun-uaonfirrufi rrnr6unoudrld
ufranrfuoulnsonlord s.tgniu uncfl r.so niu

osld 5'79
,l"ruaufuaro{c = t2+2/16) =o.132

uag ,u'ruaullnto{H 2x1'80

= 4,t)+16
=0.2fi)

urnldr o"n:ttizur"til2ilIuauo{ C: H = 0.132:0.2fi) = 2:3

,l - m- la
n{uil flnflounrflaro{fi1rilR-o C2 H 3

n. nou (D
 fl:e-nt aatinriredst uac itne curalntt"nuqa 53

n1n ,ruortfiqu,rde 6o
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) Mscldaq) + Hz G)
hnd nruuunfitfiuu15.6niu flun:nnlalntnns?ndurnrfiuno
rsld Mgclziirfindurirtciirra
(24+2Q5.5))x15.6
2t+

= 61.75 niu
un
I
rfin ugct z,{0.0 nit
)
n{uil gsuactolMEgl , = *xl(X)
61.75
= sll x 64.5

zt. noil (0
urn rJfrffiur 2x2YsG)+SzzG) + 3zflzG)+DkE)
rmc 1# xzve 30 cm3 rirrlfifiiurflu z2 100 cm3
30 100
ocld
2 5

utnvir XzYr rilumrrirr,tunil?ust

iliurnrtol ZsYz = lxlo = 45 cm3

il?trn:tol ZX4 = lx3o = 15 cm3
2

ftriu iliurntrerto{fln'nRislqidrfindu = 45 +15 = 60 cm3

29. noil o
t'tfl 2KIr[nO+(s) Kz I\ftrOr(s) + I\[noz(s) + Oz G)

hnd fiufrr orrindu 11.2 dm3 ii srP

urnvir ,iruauluato{oziirfindu = 11.2t22.4 = o.5

dsriu tcdorl#Kru'o n =
Yx0.5 = rss nir
54 naguuzr'etoumfi tars. n. 3 - 4 - s

30. nou @

nlR ATr =. Kfm

tms ATr = 0.(X)-(-5.58) = 5.58
K1 = 1.86 t
trld
ATr 5.58
Er=-=-=J
K1 1.86

0'tR ATU '= KUm

I
Ti-Tu = Kbm
TiI = K6m+T6
= (0.51)(3.0) + tfi)
= 101.53 "C
Ao
Ritult lnnon = 101.53 C

31. noil CD

a)
M fi ca n,tds x niu
rcl# caoiirfindu = 18.6-x nir.r
tmg CadrarutJ = 15.0-x niu
ilR ?.Ca+O2-+ 2CaO
0uld o'ru:ulta Ca drarutj = ,t'ruuluotol CaO drfindu

lms
15.0-x 18.6-x
40 40+16
x=6.0
rrfn{dl ti.rprfiordaloilJ Ca = 6.0 nil

drrfu u-rriln'oril{olailsgouag 6.0

= 15.0 rr0o

=.$
 ite-nt aotinrfredut uac ifora nnarntfiuqa 55

32. noil O

hnd ufiarfinrdriliurnr zsocm3 d sre firhtrinrrirtiu o.zet g

. .r 250/1000
tcld nlil2il[lln n =
n4
* O.291 O.291x22-4xlffi
il?ntul0qn= , =T=zrl't ^z a
uau

Itnd o{dil:rnoutoqrffrrflu c 92.?A% uasr 7.76%

tclfi o'nrrdeudruaulunto{c:H = ryrry

t2 1

= 7.@:7.76
=
1:1
umrir gn:o:irsiru 6o cu ldgn:llraQn c1H1
un3 l2k+k = ?.6.1
13k -- 26.1
k =2
VU
)
R{Ull n'o C z H z
[ntlnlnqntoqtfrt

3!l. nou @
i1R crzfidruru6dinn:ou
r
= l2x6 = 72
ttzfi,f,ruru6rdnn:ou = TLx I = 22
orrfi,iruru6rf,nn:ou = 11 x8 = 88
rcld t luaqato{ crz Hz orr fit'ruru6rdnnrou = lt2
J
OU
n{ilu elumqatoitcrz :fl.no1-f iruaudrtiflntoil = 182x9 = 1,63t

Y. nou (D
3
hnd nsrfrfiueno t91au 2trt .Z fin'lruuurtrriu t t.+ g / cm nrth S ounou
?fi1.2x5 t.72txt0-2r nil
rcl# U?A=ffi =
l.72lxl}-2r
ftriu rlirrn: m
d ll.4 = 1.51x10-22 cm3
56 nesuuzf,arounfi razu. n. 3 - 4 - s

35. nou, (D

Innd y il:snoudau N uas o luo'n:rd -fli 7 :+ Inuuaa

rmc yfiuaa zzniu
oslf, yilrcnsud.ruN= 7 r22=t4niu
7+4
= 14 = t
,fiueuluato{N
,14
ilriu,fiuaua;nouro{N = lx6.V2xlo23 = 6.o2xlo23

X. nou @

0'tR fi'Eaualu NazCOr rduf,u 0.5 luunn nuruRerua'r

Na2co3 0.5 huaa nsarulurir r fiIaniu w'ld
u?ar?uto{rylrnralu = 0.5 x (2(23) +12+ 3(16)) + 1,0(X)

= 1,053 nit
ung dlrncnlu Naz cos finautiet,l'1il.ts 1.02

rsld dlrnualu Na2co3 finzrururrnju t.oz El cmx

unu iliurnr v = md
1.053
t.u
1,O32.25 w,3
ftriu narurf,if,uilorratrasaluNazcoa = 0.5
= 0.48M
1032.25n0r.u0-

37. noil @

hnd rfinrrflalalrlordu iirj?urnr t.62xto3 *3 = t.62dm3iisrp

osld ,l'ruauluato{ H2 l'A
= 22.4
 ito-nt eote"nrlredut uat ifone oslatnrt-nuqa 57

t'rfl Zn(s) + 2HC(aq) + TtrClz(aq) + Hz G)

rcld ,irueuluato{ zn = druruluotort Hz G) = #

urrnldr u?aro{ = #x65.4 = 4.73 niu
^
Iond n-eotirdrnrfitiu?qn#firhurfn s.to nir
ftriu n-aotirldrncfifinaruu?qrf =
ffirr* = 92.7

3E. noil @

M 3.2e
M'ov
3-69
O 0.4g

hnri ,dd6.duunl.rdtsrlnilc Mililrsr 3.6g wlClailu M n$nt.zs

tcld Inns rr luosnlsdtotlars rvr fiuaa = 3.2 E

ffic o lusonltdtorlnrs trl iiuan = 3.6 -3.2 = o.4 g

3.2 0.4
ffitnvir dn:rtiaut'ruaulla M: o =
&'t6
= 0.05 :0.025
2:l
ftriu gnzodrdrutaroonlcdddouzo

39. nou @

hnri darr{sfosnolnirflu x ounou unsnriuouosnowirrYu k oenou

tsld druaultatsmr{uououooru = Znirrl'ru'luluatolfan{ofosnou

5E naauszf,aroumfi razs. n. 3 - 4 - 5

hnd f,nn{ofn"eotir +niu

oelL
tcld 01U2U lUnlO{RliUoUOJooU = 3Zr2 =
0.25
J
ol
R{lIlJ n2rdtnliuourl'l = 0.25(12) = 3.0 nin

n. nou (D

lfi druruhnto{ c2o = x

rsld druaulmto.t co ='l -x
d!
hnd lrfrrffltursl,t:'t co uBU CzO iiu,la zoo niu

rsld Q -x)(12+ 16) + = 2fi

x(12+416))
l%5-2tx+4x = ?-fi
l6x = 64
)
x=4
R{UU t'rurulmro{rfrflnlfuoulnoonlryd = +
 Ite-nt aotrinrlrrdgt uat'rfrna oslntntt"luqa 59

ruu?{odo:r tnfi do?u. qnii r

o udsnr{rnoufi qndoliiqnrn'ulrirnoutdur

1. nqufiornoxto{ Dalton nilistJd

n. firtr:il:cnoudauoqnrnturnrfi niiunr'rocnsu

'u. ocnoumj$runldld airlduratoqqraruhild

fl . ounou{ourqlfi nrdurrYu wfirenuirriu fi auu?nriiouriu ritcttnnirltrn
orrounuonrqdu
t. m:il:vnour6nrrnnr::?tn-ato{ocnou{o{rrq fi dn:rd'lunr::uldrrilu
drmtotir$ru

dolnfi ut n qldlu rlt 1 u-u

(D n. ttac t. nirrfu

@ fl., 'u., fl. tlac {.

@ fl., fl. tlns l. uirrfu
@ n. ttn; l. nirr?u

z. dhosnoufidnuorsirdnauf,urruo 60fi}J:noumc6dinnroun:vmuo{#:tj1u
ounou R.r:uRoo{todnrno{r{ofniifu orlar:uoar{rtJift uiunoldrurq Inufi
srnfislttttlldhrfl urdolrouo{ tstfiunaodrll: .

@ rfi unr: 6 or umCrudrlriluti:ulr qi tvfi Crurft rhr

@ rfiunr: 6 oqttldrura-lrfl ud'lu},r { or fi Crur'rrfi rft l
(D rfiunr: 6 oqtrldrurrlrriluti'uha{ w fi #ru{rrrlrr
@ [rriltirff unr: 6 oqttt{ rilt ls oU Rrn uonr{r1 n n'ulCu un
60 rsesusz!"oroutefi rors. n. 3 - 4 - s

3. rurolil:nou I n-ao{iaun-u6rtinn:ou I n-a tcdrb?rfinocl:

@ fien:ou
@ olnrnuaar{r
GD nrr ta r un-zudahYt a-l{'llr oo fl u.t

@ ocnsu

4. rrqiifi nm f,n6riinn:auio}Jd trqlniirirdriinln:runrn'i6iE.rrJn

@z I
@z 7
@2 E 2
@2 8 7

t. lunr:rrJ6uu:ciuila-rrrutor6dinnroilno{r.rqrfi nrurriiufl un-{rciuila-{{.ril

n-rgil
-6.0x10-TJ/atom
-8.7x10-DJlatom

- 1.4x 10-19 J/arom

-2.4xl}-l9Uuto-
A B c D

-5.4x l0-19 J/arom

nr:nlduu:sn-ura'wrurruulnb?arrJnnirutrfi riilua
rirrunlr?r, rorilriilua = 5(x) nm uas h= 6.625x10-34 J.s
(DA
@B
CDC
@D
 ito"nr aotrtnnfrrdgr uarrfone ournrntinr.ne 61

6. looou{lnfi druautatnud6rtinn:our?r[Rounoulrirrirtiu
O cot2 rTu No;
@ Not riu so12
@ sot2 tiu cro;
@ clot n-u nof-

7 . dalnrt urdrn'uturnosnoutowiolrJd trnriintJh,rqil#gndoltol

tjP, 16S , 170, 19K,2gCa
(Dp<s<cl<ca<K
@Cl<S<P<Ca<K
@ca<K<cl<s<P
@ca<K<P<s<cl
t. rntmulooo'lurryfu IEr,IEz, rl6ruIE3 tol ]x nirriu 0.5, 7.30 uau 11.80
MI / mol nrudrn'u drdoqnrrrirl#rfin Z*'* <t'l tsdall#nftlru?i MJ / mol

o 0.5

@ 7.30
(D 11.80
@ z.so

9. rrq Q uau R iitalocnau 16 uas 37 nrldrn-u Cr:il:vnouoonlrydtol Q llnu R

na:fiEntotirrlt uavcud?in:nturna:rfluodrtl:
@ Qo, R:n , R2o tllrl
@ Qo, flin ,. Rzo n:n
@ eoz ruf,, Rzo tufl
@ QOr R:n , RzO lltfl
62 rcasuu?u-arounfi sszu. n. 3 - 4 - 5

10. rJfrffiuriatJd rilunrrrf,rhlrfin lac lut:rrrnfi

14N*x 14c+lH

x nT rfludoln
@ arlnrnuanr{r
@ Grtinn:ou
@ iienrou

@ tj:nou

11. ttr:il:cnouln dfi rflurslaoofi n rfurclnramusi unsrr'urclnoafirunlnnmud

o{lulrrnqn rtorurrrri'rugnr
O KII[no4
@ Fe(otr)z
@ NaHs
(D NH4 Cl

12. f,olnfinrduerYunrsacnrurorcr:ilrcnoulaooiin
o rdoarrrJrsnoulooofi navnruti', rlr ururuwf rlr,lflr
@ lunrrarulo tirorriudrul gln:rrur{rurlooouau unsriudruoonfirru
YI
lfl'll4't toooulJ?R

CDrdoruarurr:il:snoudnrau'rlrtirrlr.,oqdrqarrqu'tuorrrrrn'rd,
utrnm'rtn'lwruletn#utsrttrril:snsu#ufi rirrloundrnatrrulnrrndn
@dhnrracarutorcr:ilrcnaillosafi nlurirfi durutanr'uqorrqiil#uri:;uu
uanr a'rrfl urlfi ffi ur g n n arufou
 i:r-nt notinrfudffi ues ifona oulatntt-luqa 63

13. trnlrJ n:rr{ucalnr:nJduuurJnfl sYllru'lunr:lfinluloqa uA tlnc HB

nriwrurilnd

HB HA
I
I
I
t
I
I
I
I
I I
I
t
TJAJTgll'}1{oCnou
0 I
I
t
t
t
t

firr:orr{ot1rliolild
n. mftuurf,utsto{ tn urnn'ir ua
ll. R?1lju'l?rt'utc10l ue urnn'lr tn
n. dr A uas n rflurrqlura{rdurriu e wfifir6dnlnrunriiiiurnn'l'r s

dolniotJdnnCor
(D n. uas t. nirusu
@ t. uas n. nirr?u

@ n. uac n. nir#u

@ R.,1. une R.
6ll tlesuilz!"of,aurafi razu. n. 3 - 4 -5
14. fi t r : or rr m u n u urrn r n { u u r on 6di no : o il I o.r o c a o u ii rr$r r nTu r s n-u 3 lfi n

t
, I
I t
I ,

I 2 3

I ad
llilunQUiluofl otaRntoutlo{ounou

I
, umu n{urron6rf, nn : aud l#i:u riu

ar: luflslnfi nr: afi .r nTu r u nluuuu t, 2 uar I n ru driu

(DCo, Mg, .Hcl
@Oz, F2, CO
CDco, ca, Hcl
@rz, Mg, co
15. rJfr ffi ur:vna'rr c zu z fl-u H 2 fl arn.run?lufioudiln gan'oluamt tt z

lcunr:u-lhifla) CzBtz+Hz CzHc

oo
--*
Rlrunila{{'lutlulu (kJ / mol)
C-C 348 kJ/mol C-H 413 kJ/mol
C=C 614 kJ/mol H-H436 kJ/mol
C=C 839 kJ /mol
@ lU kJ/mol
@ 14H.5 kf / mot
@ zsl kr/mol
@ 289 kJlmol
 3re-nr aotinrfrrdsr uau rfura curntntfnuqa 65

16. IurnqaludolniotJd fi 3rJirutluqr.u#orrt

/ Sioz uavBeF2
(D Coz,

@ CSz, CzHz uasHzS

@ ไ ltas sio2
clzo , Coz
&
@ Soz, Clzo tl6sHzs

17. donarulnciotJd riludon'rruiiqndor

& o Ncl 3 rfl ulurnqnfi t''l 3rJirlllraqarfl ualu,rduuulllt:lu
@ PBr g u6 u BCI s fi Erl i mllra qamiiouduracritu luraqa iittu
อ
@ cs, rilullrnqnhifi nt: Srlirlllrnqnrfl un{un:{

@ scl zrnc SCo rfluluraqafit'r grJirllumqatilur#un:l

lt fitr:otrar:rjtcnouioltjd
fl. ไ
HzO 11. NaOH fl. CHrOH {' HI

fi rrlnrirtchifi u:l6nprduail:sr,nnn-urclaln:tou
(D %n. ttas t. nirr?u

@ t. ttac n. nirr?u

@ไ
n. ttac n. uirrfu

อ
@ t. ttnc .r. nir#u

19. wfi uuirn'urrr:iolrJdnrnm:fi fi u:l:cil2'NlrrnqnnlRxlnlrJrlou

cHroH > Hzs > Ar > Cao

(D

@ Ar > cao > cIIroH > Hzs

ย
@ Cao > CHgoH > H2S > Ar
@ CIIToH > HzS > cao > Ar
66 nasuuzr'araunfi razu. n. 3 - 4 - s

?fr. o.rGnrirn'um:n'otjdmnarrfi fi ryrrsrdrrrf,urcurnlil?irarrfi iiqrrurl'm

ort
lIlJ!31lOU
(D H2o > Soz > It
@E >HzO>SOz
@SOz > HzO > It
@It >SOz>HzO
21. tftar:ilrcnsurdrfi oz rt.6 % rar{flfuatorrrrrl:snaudfi o o{ t fun
osnou udarzalunqato{r1rrJ:cnoudnirn-unir'ln
o75
@80
@E6
@96

tL lunr:nnoaoofonr'.r rfinrJiiffiurirrrnr: lrrlnrr&hiqny

KMnOa +HzCzOt+ HzSO+ MnSO+ + COz + HzO + KzSOI
o u1nil rlu?'r w dorl# Iawro n fi luu rdoli'lunrr nn'n co z dru.ru zo lun
drrCdulda"E Hzczot zs fun
o 2.0
@ 4.0
@ 20.0
@ 2s.o

23t. inr0u rs finriuou 76.n go Inuri'rurin rncfiu.rnlumQa r73.2r luinru-u K5

t furnqnrriinrfirouosnuudurror, (uiaosnoutsr c = t2)
@s
@11
(D19
@27
 itont aotinriredgt uat ifona ournlntinuqa 67

A. ufrcrfinudlil:cnoudau c 85.7 % uasH 14.3 * drufradfinrruturmiu

2.50 st dm3 ii srp gn:Iuraqatoqrfftdn:sdudo'ln
(xaaognoU{o{ C = 12, H= I ltfi3 dmldnolgffa n = 0.082 L'atm'mofr'I1-r;

@ CzHz
@ CzHt
@ C+Ho
@ C+He

?,5. rdororloioou GDdnnlniifirhndn GeSO+ . nHzo) n.e niuurrnr nu'l'r firir

rfindu tz.o nil outnilrtudr n firirnir'ln
(U?AoUnoUtol Fe = 55.8, O = 16, S = gZ llns U?nIUtAq6{O{ H2O = 18)

o4
@5
@7
@ro

2/.. riruun'h{cr:istjdacarulurh Inufinerutduduiauns 50 Inuura drdun'lrl

rdldulunriaullrrnfifi nrnurntJfiou Inuhifinnr:unndrdolnqndol

(U?6tOUf,OUl,O{ C = l2,H= 1, Na =23 UAg O = 16)
@ CHr COOH NaOH
@ Naott CHI COOH
@ Cz HsOH NaOH
@ CHrcooH Cz HsOH

tl. dltntaluNasrnerUtduflulouac ufnuuea iinarururtrilunirriu b g/c#

rdorirarrurulodrjiuln, 50.0 ttotrlrilu zso.o rrtasulodlCiio'll,
"rr3 "#
rdudunirln (u?nocnor{o{ Na =23uas Br= 80)

,axb M
103
axb
@ m
103
2xaxb M
@
103

(D
2xaxb m
103
6E nasuu2u-otaunfi rozu. n. 3 - 4 - s

2t. trrrm?nnulril:snouCau p, N, rnucl Inufi ct 5g.2% p 28.8* rirarrdur

t.z niu nsaru'luruufiu t+.0 cm3 wlcflrraru'rufifi1nrdonufir 4.03"c
6uufiufiprdanufi.r 5.48'c oarurururiil 0.t8 gr cm3 uasrir K15.r2" cr m)
gn: Iura qa r orar:ilrcourdfi udul,
luaaovnbu{o.t Cl = 35.5, N = 14 ttac p = 3l)
@ PNCIz
@ psNrClo
@ p+N+Cls
@ (PNCldc

29. Hz rir or il?urErdr iidruauocnaurdrriud srp wiiil?urn:rilusdrl:

@ Hz urnna'r 03
@ Or urnndr Hz
@ rrirrYu
@ doryahirfi uuo'lunrrurdrnou

3l). rdoornor x rirrlq'fiiurflu y rfinflr:il:cnorfio xz y3 uou xy Inurrril:snou

xzY s 0.05 mol ilrin g g uns rrrilrcnou xy 0.10 rnol urin 7 g n{il1u?f,
ounouto.t x ltas Y
o 10uau30
@ 20uac50
@ ao lrac 10

(D 50 uas?fi

31. Rlulnuurnrtiu'luornra rilulrJnlrrnr: 1uthildqny

Cro Hs + Oz COz + HzO
wdall#o2 il?urn:otirrrloudqnnirln d Srp irwmrlrflirunnrdu + nirld
uunrrod (u?nocnouta{ c =l2u?rrH= l)
@ 2.V+ dm3
@ 4.20 h,3
@ 8.40 dm3
@ 16.80 dm3
 Btiilnt notrtnr[radgt uec ifona cmnrntinuqa 69

32. lou Iu rfi uufnn{nrfl ufl uf, lfi luln rw rfl u owirJ re Ro il fu rn? ullCt rnrl g'ffi ur

z #unouciolild
2I'[Hg + COz + HzO (NII+)zCOI
(I.IH+)zCOa + CaSO++ (NHr)z SO+ + CaCOr
mr,rrnaldflouns rdol#uoufu ffi u 4o g uauunarfiuufan'l a 2oog dlillroflen

uorlurfiuufou{nld rzo g
(U2AOgnOUtlo{ Ca=40, H= 1, N= 14, O = 16 ttau S = 32)

o64
@6
CD 75

@77

33. Inilcfldu (dnnaud) ffinrdlrj:snoud?u l;,gs % ca 5 % Inuuaa lnr,rcflflud

3 Hct d
n.lrulurrniunirflu Z.S5 d I drrhlnrrdr, 0.3 cm rflrrlq'fi? urrlu
fi
"-'
urnfi uno (Ians er nirr?udrJ 6fii uO lCrrfral slntlnu i{?llllra t osufrtr
lslnltudrfindu (u?nounouno{ Al =?ll tLtrJH = 1)

O 0.012 g

@ 0.0358 g
@ 0.0611 g
@ 0.0807 e

y. fir:ilrcnou#inndcrJ:cnou#ru cl uas o rftrlfiffiurtiu ttz fiurnriuno 'hfl

aeJdr----ott
flniRolilllilil HCl,iruru o.233 gllacdl 0.203 g t{il10nIod1{{'lutlo{t
firtil:cnoud (r.uurrouto{ Cl= 35.5, H= I ttag O = 16)
@ ClzOz
@ clzos
@ ctoz
o hifirirnou
70 rsasuil?u-ataurifi rozu. il. 3 - 4- s

35. rJq'fiiur NoG)+ozG) -+ NozG) lalnr:u-lhiqal

' drrhuffa No ul tots furoqa rvrirrJq'fiiurilodfluufffl
18.06x o2 ru-nfinir
uasldufrrr No 2 fi trnurarirnf,unrii srp nrudrn-u (u?aosnoutor o = 16)
@ y+, u.E
@ 49, u.g
@ 49,67.2
@ 96,67.2

36. rdarir BaclzrlfrrJfrffiurnt AgNo3 rsdor'ldnaqz 0.5 M rJ?urnrrrirln

frngldngnoil Agcl rfindu n.ls niu (u2aosnoum{ Ag = r08, cr = 35.5y
(D 300cm3
@ 4{Dcm3
@ 5oocm3
(D 600cm3

.yl. nrrmrfruuiiloun{ tmg rvldnournw?qn#iuru, 89.5 rr"ruu 75.4 g

drfi uuirJrsnouCroC.rrtorJusruriihirinrJq'ffi ur6ngouasrruavdruiigiilo

R's c,zs uns cus rrdru'rEurgouastor orzs lufiu*iirnrira

CuzS+Oz 2Cu+SOz
CttS+Oz -+ Cu+SOz
(xiaounoxtol -+ = 32)
Cu =63.5,5

o2s
@4s
@60
@ hifidalngndar

38. rdafrcr:acnlu AgNo3 r{udu I M rl'ruau lfi) cm3 urfirar'lurrlra'n.ru

Bacl 2 rdrdu r M druzu 60 cm 3 *d.rrttirtiaumrruuilltr'rrJiiffi urrfindu

atirwrpal ud'rnrornsnoudr6nduoonhJ nrnusufrcrrrnsnrufi n:orld

urrf,r H z so + rdudu t u
wdorl# n, so n otir.rrlaudonurrrirqun-runr 6r
ncrfinnsnoil Baso 4 adraugrofnad
 fufnr mtinrlrsdgt uac :itnn ou1fl1ntt-nuqa 7I'

(D10
@n
CD 50

@60

3 3
39. rrndoqalunr:ninriruiu 5 dm ts#oqn'utnn:stofiatnn (C zII s) + Pb 4 c,m

nn:gtoil'ntnnfi nrrurururiut.OOglcm?ilq'ffi ordlilunr:dtuutnrgtoil'ntan

riluntd 4czlsct+4NaPb (czrrs)+Pb+4Nacl+3Pb
3 w doll#rofi nnnol: C6nil dt ultn n:stofi ata n
dhdoqni uutirrf, I 00 dm mro

ldnod (x?aaunouto{ c =12,a= 35.5, H = 1, Pb=Zal)

(D s.3
@ 63.9
(D too.t
(D 132.8

40. dfrfinsrjnJoifntfan{ntilunclatn:n A e dlfinmlu?qrf ,sr Inumn

mrirumrrirurin OrO lundnd (rirnunl#u?nosf,ollllo{ Cu = Y, O = 16, S = 32

uas lzalllaqato{ H2o = 18)

+16)
o
l(X)(y+186)
204(y +16)
@
(19y +186)

(D
20A(y+16)
19(y+1t6)
(D
A(y+16)
y+186
72 nrssrzf,atauufi mz* r.3- 4-s
o
TBAUR'INOU

l. @ 2.O 3. @ 4. @ 5. @
6. @ 7.@ t. (D 9. (D 10. @
11. @ 12. @ 13. o 14. @ 15. @
16. @ 17. GD 1E. @ 19. @ 2tr). @
21. @ 22. @ 23. @ 24. (D 25. @
26. @ tl. @ 2;8. @ 29.o 30. @
31. o 32. @ 33. @ y. o 35. @
36. @ 37. CD 3t. @ 39. @ 40. o
 ?tiilnr aotfnrlrrdu uat ifone ornarntin4e 73

l4l
tilauou'l{aut0un
l. nou (D

0'tfl t. fin riltl&osnouarurrorticuunld }J:nou fi'ln:au mc6dinn:ou

n. fin tilrluoenoumltrqtfi u'ltiutitirriludolfi uannirniu r:iu trqd
rfluloItInrJriu
ftrfu dodtftnlldlurltlu-u n'o n. ttttc {.

2. nou O
t'rfl orlnrnuoar{r fi60 firmaurtoltrdul dsfirlrvl +2 ttasfilan
rioudturn rdorfi uutiulrjrnouunc6dinn:ou
f,iriu druuudrno{osnoutto{noutYutitut?l oqnrnuonr{rncfinr:tfiulruu
riinrlou rdoun-uhlrrurfi orroruo{Inu:ou uasfi utdrudirutJld
nt{.1

3. noil (O

t1R lp+ le + ln
ftrfu dru:nou t n-a o{i:utiu6riinnrou 1da wfintiluornolto{llq
lsln:rtu

+ nou @

t'|fl trqfi fi turnrfinqn rinfi dr6rtinlnlunrfiiiitrrqn

llac nqiifi :;iutdllrurloun'ir tcii{urnrtinn'ir
trqdfi :;niurn-wrunirriut'tqdlilrnuulrnn'irtsfi turnrtinndr
J
n{uu lqiiiinrrfin6ul6rtinn:ourfl u 2 z 6rfi drardnlr:runrn'ifi grqn
laa
.il{RRO !1q F
74 nasur?u-af,outAfi f,azu. n. 3 - 4 - s

5. nou @
-6.0x10-TJ/atom
-t.7x10-DJlatom

-1.4x10-l9J/atom

-2.4x10-r9 ttrto
A B c D

-5.4x 1o-l9I/atom
o'rR rriwrutolurnfrriiu,lriou
hc
E
I
(6.6?Sxto-34)(t.oo' to8)
(5(X)x10-e)

4.0x10-19 J
tlae ila-{{luro.rtnjnn ilr#u c
E = (-5.4x10-le)-(-t.+rtO-le) I
UE
= -4.0xt0-19 J
R{lrll nrrnji uuuilaurntrruuuu c hfsrnj nnirurrfi rfi ur

G noil @
'lR lu
e r rq nrj u naneentative fi dru,ru nm u d6rti nn : ou n-r io tJd
CO;2=4+3(6)+2=?A
NOt = 5+3(6)+l = ?A
SOt2 = 6+3(6)+2 = Xi
ClOt = 7+3(6)+l = 26
PO|- = 5+3(6)+ 3 = Xi
JJ
)
R{111I No; n"u sot2 ii dlu rurrm u d6rtln n r o u lrjrrirtiu
 f,te-nt mi:inrira6$ uec rfona osrnlntfiuqa 75

7. noil @

n1fl nr: t'nrt ul6# nn: out oltrq'lui'eriion rituntd

tsP = 2 8 5

tcS = 2 E 6

rzCl = 2 8 7

tcK = 2 t E 1

nCa = 2 8 8 2

tmu o trqdfi :v n'u#um-wruurnndrnsfi turn}aqin'ir

e r rq ii fi : v iu #u n rft uu nir tiu n',q fi fi ,u, ucnouurn ndr

ocfiturndinndr

ftriu drduturntolscnsutitunld ct < s <P< ca< K

& noil o
n1fl X(g) X+g; +e- IEt = 0.5 Mlmol-r
x*G) + x2+(g) + e- IE2 = 7.3 Ml mol-r
x2*G) + x3+(B) +e- IE2 = ll.8 MJmol-l
llflR{2'l XG) + X2+1g; + e- IE t + IE2 = 7.8 MI mol-r
t

J
UJ
drdor nr: rfirl#rfi n G> w do I ldil a"l {'lu 7.8 Mr mol -r
R{U1t Z*'*

9. nou O
0'1fl nr: t-nfi urOtiinnroutol R tiu q lCd1d

roQ 2t6 o{r,r{ o

rzR 2t18t1 o{r{ t

ftriu 15q fign:ttr:il:cnouoonltifitrnt Qoz firruriiirflun:n

y R fi [n:tr:il:cnouoonltifi gn: Rzo fi rruri?irilurutr

76 roasuuzu-arautnfi razu. n. 3 - 4 - s

10. noil (D

Innd laN*lx l4c+1H

rcl# fluqamturn 14+b = l4+l

-) n'a

$=1
tmc fluqarnmsnou 6o 7+a = 6+1
a=0
urrnvir
) 3x=jx
n-rriu x nrrrflufi2nrou

11. noil (0
a
NHrCI '-_"'
llil?Rn
,t__-/
+ cl-
-,lxslj t
t

1
,,
n-utcloooiin
t

,
H +

t
N
,1
H H H
rhsnou#eu 3 n-urcfRramud uas

I rfurslnoofhrunlnrlraud

12. nou (D
 fuflnt ao?ilnr[rrdu uau:ttne Emnln?t-r:ulqa 77

uuein flltasatu drrflurlfrffiurgnneu3ou qoruqiita{tfl1rnrn1utunnn{

tuo{o'lflilallruuann'trtota-lltuln:udnfiri'lu'lflR'i1iln-{lrulsrn:riu lunrl
)q.

n:wiudrt dfrrilurlfr ffi urnrunaruloilqfl ilquno{fi rta&a1u0r*"rduduoolo

rn'wruuanfi rutonntlruln:utinfi rirr?oon'irila-llulgmtf,u

13. nou @

nrYrrrufntf

HB TIA
I
I
t
I
I
t
I
t
I
I
I
tcuu:cil21{oenoI
0 I
t
I
I
I
t
t'c'

ornJrJ tdllruniulc{o{HB > ta-lltutt'ultllo{HA ) lon'{

RaruurruTurs{o{HB < nzruuranTulul,o{HA ) lot{
ucnl.ir dr A un; n rilulrqlurn{rfiu:tiu lrq A wCom{'lunrutirsndrrq n

trq A wCod6rfinln:runrfiffirlounr'rtrq n ) do n' r

ftrfu {onarlfiqndol6o fl. tla, t. nirr?u

t+ nou @
7E nasuu2u-of,ourtfi rozrl. n. 3 - 4 - 5

llil?nR

, I
,
I I
t t

I 2 3

U.IJ g.tJ
iluru lfll2tnilnflau t"utsfnrs ilurs lnt?tunun llas
IU lq
{il'lnosnoutlt'lRu Mg lUm{O{OUnOUnNRil
F2 co

15. noil CD

n'|fl CzHz+2Hz C*lc uio

HH
t!
H-C=C-H+2H-H -+ H-C-C-H
tt
HH
tsl# r n-w rud do I 1#ra r un-u r c fl r: n'r du
= 4C - lI) + l(C {) +2(II - tt)
= 2(413) + 1(839) +2(436)
= +25.37 kI
llau nitr.rruiildrlRR'lrfl f t{il-ulsro.r}rdnriorqf
= {(C-tD-l(C-C)
= 4(413) - 1(348)
= -2t26 kJ
t
udn{?'t na-wrutolrlfifiiurd = +?537
-2826 = -289 kJ
!
tm rJfiffiurdtro'tn 2mol to{ Hz
)
n{ilil rJfifi?urdnrun2lu3oil = 289 t 2 = tu.s krio I mol {o{ H2
 Stdnr eotinrfrrdut uau ibna E$1a1nlt-ruqe 79

16. nou (D

-
uil?nn co2 = rdunrl ftd o=C=O
Sio2 = rflurrtln:utinirmrriru = n:lfiurh
BeF2 = rduntl ftd r-Be-F
cs2 = riluntl ftd S=C=S
c2H2 = t#untl ftd H-C=C-H
SOz, ClzO, H2S = tltt.tOtl'lt,lUn

17. nou @

uuahn @ ritudonarliiqndor ttas doRrudufin iignud,6o

PBr 3, NcI 3 fi Jrlirlllrnqnrilufi t;u'aluruntiou rrnsfi t'a

ro 3 fi JilirllutaqnritumunnCouuuurru lrifi t3'l

sct 2 fiJrlirllurnqnriturluu fit&e

lt. nou (D
n1R rf,utclaln:tou lflurr{U.nrilfi uutcndrllurnqa tildu:ldnt du.
nru'lulutnqa tfintrnttt$lgn:rr,tdN H fiil F, o, N 1nlqdfi

6rf,nlnrrunrfiffigrl
a
n{uil NaoH rac HI hiiurlt'nmfi otJ rcmn rf,uts 1 aln: rnu ft 3rl

HzO
fir

NaOH Na+ + oH-

H
I

cH3 oH H-C
I

HI H-I
E0 nasusrf,araunfi razs. n. 3 - 4- s

19. noil (D

n1R uru:srirrlurnqnGurornurntJr?ou
nTu r s'lo aa fi n > rt'u r c l rln ttu > ur r 6r q n r s r dr r fi > u: rnounou

rms CaO = n-utsloooiin

CHgOH = rfurslclnloll
H2S = utl6lqn:;ra'ttaa
Ar = ttf{OOUROil
-i
irriu url:cili'NlxmqarlRUrn}Jr?su 6o cao > cH3oH > Hzs > Ar

20. nou @

t'tfl H2o = {u{o fizdrilnnrauqilnnidut

-
Soz rlu{o fitgrflnn:outilnnidua
It = tdun:l
J
VU
n{uu ryutvrdrlrflunr ti > SOz > HzO

2L nou @
hnri ar:ilrsnaud r -ot fi o o{ I lunocnou = t6 g
lfi uanlurnqn{orflrril:courd = *
uns firrilrcnoudfi o rg.o 96

urnl'ir l9xttn = tE.6

x
x=E6
ftriu uraluraqntsrarrilrvourd = g6
 ?rr-nt aoiinr[rr6ttt uat frre oulnlntt-ruqa tl

2iL. nou @
o'rn aunr:rnfifiqauda
2IC\[nO + + 5H 2C2O a + 3H 2SO a+ 2IrdnSO a + 10CO 2 + tH 20 + K zSO I

hnd dolnr:nhn coz 2o lua

1# ,iruruluato{ Klfino+ = x
nclfi xz20 = 2:10 = 4z?-O

utnl'ir t = 4
- !, ,t a) , l-.^
R{1ru ncno{1#2KMno+ 4 Ila

23. nou @

hnd inrfiu rct finr{uo u 76.n sa Inurirrrin unsfiuanlulnqa 173.21

inr0ur:tlurnqn 1
0uld
6.O2xl}%
,Iln
173'21^=
inrfiu r<5 t luraqn niu
6.O2xl0zr
173.21,x-76.n v
ura c 1u rs t lurnqn flTU
6.CDxl}B 100

,firueulun clu K5 r luraqa = ffi'H'+

ntriu ,irueuocnsu C lu K5 t luraqn

= x76.n xl x6.V2xl}23
173.21--
6.O2xtO23 100 12
=11
A. nou (0
n'lfl nqtourfrtqnlnn' py = nRT

pv= -RT
MW
E2 nasuuzr-of,aunfi aorrl u. 3 - 4 - s

MW = 1(,g)*,
P\v/
PRT
= P
hnd rrfrrfinarurururiu 2.so g/ dm3 d srp

tsld Q.so)(o.o82t)(273)
Mtv = I
=56
hnd rrfrrrfinrdrilrsnaudruc ts.z % uavl t4.3%

tcld dnrrri,ru,l'ru.luflato{ c: H= E5'7 .14.3 - t:2

t2 I
ttns gn:Iurnqnrorufra fio 1cn 2; .
(12+2)n = 56

)
n=4
9{U1I En:Iurnqntoqufrr noo 1cH2; + = c+He

25,. nou @

Innd rdarsrlofaou GDfnrr{ndfirirndn Geso+.nHzo) 27.8 niu rrnr

nue'r firhrfindu rz.o nir
18n 12.6
tcl#
55.E+32+4(16)+I8n n.B
n= 6.99

J)
*7
f,.rriu rr:fifio Feso+ .7rzo

2,6. noil @

r dn nr : neru rdr du lu r il a ulu rm a'ii 6o r'r u zu fu n n-a g n a c a r o lu n-rrir nvnr u

lks
 ito-nr aotinrlredgt uec'ritna ournrntinuqa E3

Iond ar:rfinud$cnrulu#1 lnufinrrurdu{ufouas 50Inuura

rvld rrr t000nil avarulurh = 10tlo g = I kg

mtar{r narrrdlduluuriaultunid
1000 1000
{o{ NaOH N
23+16+l
1000 1000
tol CzHsOH =-
?4+5+16+1 46

{o{cHscooH =# =#
ftriu naurduduluuriruluuaid ito NaoH > czHsoH > cHr cooH

Tl. noil CD

hnd fllrnualu NaBr fl?'turfludufiouac o Inulra

iinaururtrilunirfiu b g/c#
tclfi ar:nsaruil?um: 5o cm3 l'lil"fl = 5ob E
g
fiNanrrrin = x5g5 =o.5abg

0'5ab 0.sab
iiNaBr - 23+E0 103
mol

hnd rhflr:acaruilirrn: 50.0 cm3 rtotrlrflu 250 c#

) 0,5ab 250 zub
M
n{ilu nrru rdl flu { o{ fl 1tn ca'l u -
103 1000 103
-!-

/8. noil @

O rru'rahtnqatoliaQRaualu
nlfl f,n: ATr = Krm

tm& ATf = 5.4E - (4.03)

1.45 "C

K1 5.12"C I m
M nasuuzf,osounfi razil. $. 3 - 4 - s

m narrrflrldu rilu mou

mol / kg
l.2llvfiN
14.0x0.88/1Ofi)

tcld 1.45
l'2lW
5.t2,14.0x0.E8/1fiX)
MW = 343.9

C rrrftnou
Itnd aurfinrurrilrsnoudru B N rlnucl Inofi ct 59.2% P 2t.8%
rcld o-n:rd'rudr'ruaufuator p : cl :
r? 28.9 59.2 100-2E.9-59.2
31 35.5 t4
l:2: I
lfi gn:Iurnqn= eNorn
urnrdr (31 + t4 + 2(35.5))n = y3.g
n =J
ftrfu gn:Iurnqa6o(pNcrr3 = p3Ngcrc

29. nou O
hnd H2 uflu Osiidruaufumqnrrirn-u =x
tcld ,fiu:ulumqam{ H2 = x
2
druuluraqnflo{ o3 = x
3
,i
ufln{?1 7t sTP

il?urnrro{ H2 = x
x?2.4 dm3
2x6.O2xlO23

il?rrnrto{ 03 = * x22.4 dm3

=-
3x6.@,xl0z5
-la
d'rriu rjEurnrtol Hz xrnna'riliu.torno{ os
 itenr aotz-rnlrrdut uau ifona outarntitu4a 85

30. nqu @

Iond xzY s 0.05 mol ilrin g g ltnu xY 0.10 mol urin 7 g

tcld xzYr l mol rrin = 8/0.05 = 160 g
rms XY I rnol rrin = 7 I O.l = 70 E
uanldr malumqatortXzY3 = 160
xY = 7o
tanlumqn{o{
lfi u?aocnoulo{X = a r?nosnor{o{Y = b

tsld 2a+3b = 160 ...O

a+b = 70 ...e
uanl'ir a=50,b=20
ftriu u?nounoutol X 6o 5o ttac Y 6o zo

31. noil (D
i)a
0'tR fiunuilqalla2 Ro

CroHs +l2Oz € lOCOz +4HzO

rsld,firu.lulunro{crona =
ffi = +
fiuzullnto{ oz = 12nituoltu'ru'lulualo{ Cro", = 3
ftriu iliurn:tolrloudqnto{ oz ii srp = 1, 22.4 = 8.4o dm3

32. oou O

lnnd 2NHg + COz + HzO+ (NHa)zCOs

(NII+)zCOa + CaSO+ + (Nllr)z SO+ + CaCOr
N 20
rcl# ,fiuauluaro{ (Nrr+)zco =
2x(14+30))
=
t7

,l"rueulunto{
?N 25
lmu CaSO+
4O+32+4(16) t7
E6 reeguuzu"araurafi esz$. r. 3 - 4- s
nlfl ,l"rurulmto{ (NH+)zCO < ,u"rueultatol CaSO+

tcld (Nrl+)zco rfluamdrrunil?urn:

urrnrdr (NII+)zso+rirrsru-fl
'17 = !x2ea+4G))+ 32+4(16) = 155.3 g
) lN ,|ffi
n{uil flnldYooncrounnin = 155.3 = 77

33. nou (D

o'tR lawntru 0.3 cm3 urin = 0.3 x2.5s = 0.76s E

d a.l o
Iailu?lflu 0.3 cm3 Uo0IluUU l'lllR = 0.95 x 0.765 = O.7n g
rmc 2At + 6HCl 2AICI r + 3H2

1# u'rnrourficlaln:mu=xB
tcld x o.7n
3x2xl 2xTl
x - 0.0E07 g
)
n{ilu x?nilo{ufrfllelnrmufirfindu 0.0t07 g

Y. noil o
0'lR Clxoy + H2 HCI + HzO lrrlnr:hiqay
llau -|
flfinriorcftflil Hcl,fiuru 0.233 g,,urti.,0.,m3 g

tcld druaurraosnouro{ ctlu cr,o, = ffi = 6.3gx10-3

ltnu o'ruluuznosnouro.tOluCt*O, = =
#t 22.4xto-3

utrnl'ir o'n:rdaudruauluaro{cl:o = 6.3g:22.4 - 2:7

ftrfu gn:otir$rutsrcr:il:;ourddocrzoz
 ire-n: eoiinriteds: uat fuile Grtntntt-nuqa 87

3!i. noil CD

r1R ,tuoltdqu,rdr 6o
AnO G) + O2G) + 2r'[OzG)

hnd rirufrtNotJ1 18.06xt023 ltmqa

rsld ,o'ru'lulunto{ No = 18'06x1023

6ffi =J
,fiu.luluaro{O2 = i = 1.5
dru'lullato{ No2 = 3

ftriu oz = 1.5 x 2(16) = 4t s

rc#orldufra

d srPldxoz = 3x 22.4 = 61.2 dm3

36. nou. @
ilrA
0'lR diln1lilQalta2 Ro
BaClz+2AgNOl + Ba(NOs)z +2AeCl(s)

hnd ldnsnou egcr rfindu n.ts niu

tcld drurulmto{Ascl = ,::i:r,

108+35.5
= 0.5
tmc iruauluato{ Baclz = 0.5 nirtol'iruruluaxo{ Agcl
aaJ
n{M ligactz o.5M ilitrnr =x cm3

ocld
o'5x 0.5(0.5)
1m0
x = 5(X)
)
n{ilu ldn"oz 0.5 M il?trn: 5u) cm3

t7. noil @
EE rgauuuzf,orauufi razu. r. 3 - 4- s
O riournrfruui
hnd fiu*irJ:snoucaud*6artuduriihirfinrlfrffiurdnlouas rr
uacd'ludriliiloio cozs uas CuS
6r1fi fiuuidrrin roo niu fi *rr x nir tsld fi cus = tfi)- u -x
= t9-x niu
rcld druaulua cu fiurtrn cu2s 2x
= 2(63.5)+32
tlac 89-x
druaulun cu drrrrn CuS = 63.5+32
C rftrnrfruui
hnd nrrmrf,uuino{un{ tm g nvldnoqrnriouns 89.5 r'ruru 75.4 g
tcl# lufiuuino{un{r 100 g fi Co = 89.5 x 75.4 = OZ.+gl niu
aar
lutiuufno{uR{t00gficr, =W = I.ffi1a
O urdrnou
0'lR tl'ruaulua cu
= 'fiuaufun cu t'rfl cuzs + tilru'rulun cu 0m cus
tcld 2x - 89-:( tryr
2(63.5)+32 =
63.5+32

)
x=60
d.rriu fouac{ol CuzS'luiuui = 66

3& noil @

hnd rirtr:nsnru AgNo3 rdrdu I M rfi) cm3 urfiunr,lurnrasn.ru

''ru.ru
BaCl, rdudu I M o".tu21r 60 cm3

rsld arnrrfiqaud: n'o

2AgNO3 +BaCl2 2AeCl(s) +Ba(IIOr)z

-+
 3tl-nt aotinrirr6st uac'ifona cutmntfnuqa t9

utnvir rn'rrinrlfrfiiurcurpol osldtr: Baclz, Agcl(s) mc Ba(Nor)z

lm& Aggl(s) tilunsnou drqnn:oloonfilldroctilfio Ba(NOg)z ltac BaCl2

Innd rhdr:ncarufin:ollCurtfiu Hrson rdudu 1M x cm3

tcld tunrrrnfifiqaud'r 6o
na2* +so!- -+ BaSor(s)

t'lR Ba2+ utttfl Baclz rdudu I M druu 60 cm3

rcld druaulunto{ Ba2+ =

1#
ttnu druaulunto{ so?- = 'fiuauluatol Ba2+
1x60
- 1000
I x 1x60
ttda{2'l
1000 1000
x=60
ftriu tcCsrldHzsorodrlrlou 60 qnurffirdufirun:

3lr. nou @

'hnd rhrfu s a-' doqn'u (czIIs)+Pb = 4,-,t

ncld riru-u t00 d-' doqn'l(czHs)+p6 = fxtrn = 80cm3
5

lmu (CzIIs)+Pb 80cm3 rrin =80x 1.66 = 132.8 g

(czrls)+Pb 80cm3 'f,ru'lulla = 4effi = 0.41

hnd ACzIlsCl+ 4NaPb + (CzIIs)rPb + 4NaCl'+ 3Pb

tsld ,iru'lulunto{ c2lrsct = 4 xo.4l = l-64

J
R{UU dorl#rofinnaol:d L64x(2(12)+s(1)+35.5) = 106 fliu

tn. noil O
90 rsaauu?u-ataunfi rszs. n. 3 - 4 - s

hnd norluJoi gy farr{n rilunslern:e A e drfinarun?qr#es * Inurrn

tcld rlltA g fiCuSOa.5n2O = ?:1
100
s

uttnrdr rI1, A g fit'ruaulunra{ cuso+. 5Hzo

95A 95A
lfi)(y+32+4x16+5xlE) l(X)(y+186)

ntr?u rfinrinto.r cuo lundn;fl - 9sA(v + 16)

l(X)(y+186)
 ito-nt aotinrlradot uac ibna ourmnriruqa 91

uu?flodou tnfi G[o?u. Enii a

r ufionrirnouiiqndot{ignrfr utdrn ourdua

1. raaon},louuriluraaonb{fiur:llotoslorr6urutoil:on rralfirirur#ilt1nilaon
alntirarfi ndu rdol trncrnrq'ln
<D 6rtinn:ournataufi otirurnti'lurntoufi tn6ua
@ 6riinn:suqnriro-noofl t'1fl osnou r6nrilulooouu:ntolfars
@6rfinn:ar,odurfi o'tn:ciuildllrurdltju-l6nrcn'uudofi fi ndoolueirn'l'r

@ nrruirflnd:cildNtfrrfrl#lsrorlnilcrnnrfl ulooouu:nunstlrsrl'rl
r?atornaon}'l

2. trnnrrtilduu:sf,ut6'slruto6tdnn:ouluosnou nlpliolrJd

,B, ?
D,

fim:artirrdu mrlnnird ldnt rfl uludoln

(D

AB C D
na'ruotmCu (nm) +
@
ll
AC D B
nalrolanot, (nm) €
@

C B .A D
R?ruumna"u (nm) +
(E

BD A
rC (nm)+
R21UomRnU
92 rsegus?!-otoumfi razs. n. 3 - 4 - s

3. osnouriolooouludolnfinarura6urrrnfiqn riruunl#x y uau z

z ?.6 ua:-lo nudrn'u
iiratosnot
xgX X+ y3+
@ X+ y2+ 22+
qx X y3+ 22+
@ X+ y3+ 22+

4. firr:orrdrrakrulaoourr#utoroqfirfiulio}Jd
AgG) At+1g;+e- IEr = 0.5&4 Ml/mol
et+G) -+ Al2+6;+e- rE2 = 1.823 Mltmol
et2*(g) -+ Al3+1g;+e- IEs = 2.751 Ml/mol
et3*(g) Al4+1gy+e- IE4 = lt.5g4 Ml/mol
dotrlrJlaiin
O nr:ddr re toupiirfiorrdrduo.,fl rE r + q urrnm'r6riinnroun-aii r ag'lnd
riufi rnrourrnndrn':d2uac6rtinnroun-adzo{lndriufi znrouurnnr'r

i''riis {n{
o nrriirir rE 3 uou IE + ixriurrn urrnm'rGrilnn:oufi rqnoontJrfl u6dinnrou
irmqirn-u
@ turRtordriinn:oursdinm nrltir6'u At+ > At2+ > g13+ , 414+
@ oqfirfi urRarfi ratoonfirn#unirryu r rdao{luarrilrcnou

5. Na, K unv Mg+ wfinr:iliultitn-utorila-rlrulooolurdudrn'ld I rrnrirtrn

tJ r rri rrlo uril u o tir l:
(Dtta>K>Mg*
@K>Mg+>Na
@ Mg*rNa > K
@ Mg*rK>Na
 Ite-nr aotinrirada: uat fuila Gulnlntt-nuqa 93

6. trqarlfiX, y, z iiramsnoL!7, 12, ttas t5nrldrn'u

cu u?ifi ua riu t rq n'r arulu dalnii gn da I

(D ra-rrrulooolursf,u z X<Y <Z
@ rurnts{ounou : YcZ<X
(D 6riinln:runrfifii z X>Z>Y

@ narurflunrntoroonlryC z Z>Y >X

7. mtoanfimf,urorlailcuilruf,#u x luar: + riin firirnirriunirln nudriu

K)(SO+)z , [X(NIIs)c] Clz , KzX(CN)o , [X(HzO)o] Brr
(D 0, +2, +4, -3
@ +2, +1, -2, -l
@ +3 , +2, +4, +3
@+1,+3,4,+6
t. fir:il:cnoulooofintfirrdo fimq rvr X ttnu v rfluo+irJ:uflolr Ira rilulars
r{r x #rrurlutrlRr?tnildR"u v Inu x ttau Y fitatoonf,rnfu {4 ltnu -1
nrutiriu gn:rnfi torflr:ilrcnouddubiitflrltJtC
(D MXYr
@ Mz XYo
@ ItD(Yo
@ MzXY+

g. !q M rrac N finr:f,nr?ul6#nn:ou n-ld

M 2 8 1t 6
N2 I 1t 32lE4
d1:ilrunoil:srirr M uas N nT fign: ntdotn
(D }flrl,

@ M2N
@ MzNg
@ MrNz
 'aezu.
94 roauuszr-af,aumfi n. 3 - 4- 5

10. tft x, Y, z rflurrqiifira{o&nou tt, 12, tg nrltiri'u flruu?uRlrlnio}Jd

a trl )
rnn l6u1nilqn

O x + X++e-
@ x+ x2+ +p-
@ y2+ + y3+ +e-
6 ,3+ >, ** *.-
11. n:ry,luanlnr:ril6uuurjaltssfinllmqalnmrnud ag
vvl.
iln{{'lufIRU

I 4
3

2
tsus:srdmfiarndutr

fitrrorrdonarriolrjd
n. 1n t rflulndn-uru A-n uiilurz$qn uavfin.rruuran-utv#ufiqn
r. 1n z rflulndlumqafinaruuiilurrrurnfiqn
n. 1n r rflupiirdufinnlutsrnii:sudr A n-u B

{. 1n 4ltrnqn A-B fiRaruurar-urvurniiqn

flolaiolildqndo.r
@ n. uns .r. rrir#u
@ t. ttnv n. ut'ru'u
GD ,u. uav r. rrirutu
@ pnqnf,o
 iton: aotinrfrrdat uat furre outatntt-nuqe 95

12. firrrorrrJq'ffiurflr#uiotJd x iioocl: urolrd6oorqo

\lv * [" + 33* *

llfna +x

(D6o

a z["
@ lHe
a z[t
13. mr'ludo'lnfi lnunormnrgl tirir}{r{rlurrnllcrs$tfi I rrastincaru#l
O r-irg
@ Alzor
(D Ni.

@ SiH+

14. firrrErcuhtoltrqirq lu:ciuounst auriii'ludo'lnfi naruaonndolflu

ad + aad
{ilmosnoll rtituuloaolutryf,u olafl tilttunln2n
I
c c
o lafl
o
n1 n'l
I
o
@ lrqi Cr n'l
a
c
@ lrqi TJ{
n1
!
c c
(E raR n1 0{

15. trr:rfi nlnhirfl utJnru n0 oonrf, n

(D AlIa

@ Not
@ PHr
@or
96 nasuuzdarounfi rozu. r. 3 - 4 - 5

16. trnrJq'fiiur cHrG)+IzG)' cHrr(g)+Hr(g)

-+
dlrii ctr s t G) rfi ndu +z.e nil ts fi r a-r.rrunJ6 uu urJ aqrir'ln
rirrunb? ririldrrrun-ut c
C-H = 413 kJlmol I-I = 151 kJlmol
C-I = 218 kl/mol H-I = 298 kJlmol
@ r.o kJ
@ t.t kJ
(D r4.4 kr
@48 kJ

17. rrq ru fidr IE1 7t6 kJ /mol

B4 1,580 kJ/mol
E3 3,230 kJ / mol
E4 4,3ffi U/mol
E5 16,000 kJl mol
q 20,000 kf /mol

fl lrilrsnounaal:dro.rfi lq M ne:fi grJdr.rrfl uotirqlr

@ r#unx
o n:rdrrir
@ firru'n1lufirurilCuu
@ rrrurrduuuuurlu

18. rirlnsislild nT rituryrto{ F-N-F'lu xrr iinnCo$iqn

(D go"

@ tog'
@ 120'
@ llg'
 ite-nt aotrinrlredst uat iuile ornnrntinuna 97

t9. fl r:iltcnouludoln fi druaufu raqahifi fi rilu z nirtorluraqnfi f'r

(D cnclr, cc[+, Hcl
@ ccl+, NH3, SiH+
@ PClr, Hzo , Coz
@ CH+, SOz, CHgCI

.
2fr drar:rJ:vnaulnraraudfi fi qn: en 5 uavfi grJir.rluraqnrfl ufi :vu-n$1ru

,tlr,rdou dolniolildgndor
<D lurnqarflutJnrunqoofltnn
@ utls'nmfi ua:;u'irlluraqnriluu:{aoilnoil
@e rfl utrqiio{luu{rdurflurrqdfi ta{ocnounirflu r+
: o u u r n d qn lu n rt N ! lq
@ s rfl u t rq ii o {r { rd u a n-u t r q ii iu rd o h?6td nn

21. llfl X:J:snorldaulolryIYrrJ zrlrfia fifiuraosnou 14.00 ras 15 nrldriu

?t'tRu?aosetouxo{!1q x rrirriu t+.tO il?urotlutrrutrfi'uol X #lcol
1o I.lIn:J un nri rl rYuo tirl 1:
@ to%
@n%
@ tw%
(E 80%

X2. trq A ttac g filaaosnounirfli x l[613 y nrudrn'u udz trq A 'fiuzu

dfi a

osnou ttnu!'lq n riru'lu b ounou tsrnrininiunrudriu

x v
o
(eozrtoB)u' (6.ozx to23)u
a b
@
16.02x10231x
' (6.O2xlOB)y
by
@
60rfot ' 6.02x1023
ab xy
@
6.O2xlO23 6.O2xlOB
9E roasuu2u-aroumfi rozu. u.3 - 4- 5

23. ro{t}lrtu:sl.rdr.r nqlnruauroyrluoafi uaar:un"u n:f,rn elz niu uavfi nrfuau

J-yiuq
ovnoutaum-l 2.2fuaosnoI nrriruaarrrtanuolnqlnalutswrrud
luaalutaqntol C6 H rz Oo = 180llae Cz H5 OH= 46)

@ lo.z niru
@ qo.s nil
@ s+.0 niu
@ so.+ niu

a. ufrrrludolnfirJ?urntrrirriuufrrfau,loilnoon'l.rCrrin to nir il?urn:nt:run

---d a v d o
?nilquil0uuasfl?1unilmu?flil (u2aosnou H = l, lle -4,Ne =20, o = 16, s = 32)
(D ufratr6uuilirror r niu

@ ufralaln:rouil?ursr r niu
@ ufraiisouil?urE ro niu
@ ufrrroonfimuil?rrar to niu

2,s. rlq x rfincr:il:snoulalnridfign: xua duiluufrriiqorrgfirlor dr ++.s dm3

to.rr,frrdfi srp ru-n o+ niu uda x iiuaaacnourrir'ln luaaocnou H
=1)
o8
@28
@32
@60

2G. n:: 1uflcrfi eilul{ilu-R z.n niufrstp'lunrsurfi fi rJi r.ro : rirr urr uityru : : 1
ufaoonfimulu nrmrsfi fi rjirrn:uirriuluu:n nua'rrfn t.oo niufi srp
uaalumqatourfrrn"rndrafi rirrrirln (u?aosnor o I 6)
=
o28
@32
@4
@46
 ire-nt aotinr[rtdffi uac'rfona outatntinuqa 99

tt. Ians u urin o.so nfi rtrrJq'fi?urriu ttct firrnrfiuto ldrrriasaruxo{ MClz
rrasufirlsln:rtll tt2cm3 iistp Inrv rvt t lun tsrrinfiniu
(D tt.z
@ 28.0
@ 56.0
@ 112.0

2lt. lunrrn:anfl0uqunrwa.rrhrJ:uilrfiaotirr nur'rfirr:duvittltealurnqanirriu

3 dr'lu rdac
z5o rtorJuo {rrir rTu 4 xtoi mol / dm a-u il:srwdu rhrJ :vrJrdrdr

tJ z,ooo cm3 ior'uisnu il?rrqrsrrrr:6uritddir.rnruiurf,rlrjsiorfufirirnirtiu

ioa-
RUAAfl'U

(D 1x104
@ 2xl}a
@ 1x10-1
@ 2x10-1

29. narlrdu{uto{d1:nuarun:nfafl e?nrdudu 10 % Inuura R?1ul'llllllliu

1.123 gl cmx finrfludluar{ (uaalurnqaxo{ H2soa =
p$)

@ o.1o x98xll23
Lt23
@ 0.10x98
0.10x1123
@
98
0.10
@
ll23x98

30. fiudoun-aotim (CaCOr) 10.0g ul6ualulun:nmiiot6otrl drulu 2fi)cm3

gdatiuwfi utiou'hincaru6n rhrnqe'rrrdsfi utisuiihiasaru 4.0 g mdrurot

nrrrtdtdutoln:ntnfiorfl uniusiotrnurarfinf,run:
(U?nOUnOUtlO{ C = l2,Ca= 40, Cl = 35.5, O = 16)
o 11.0
@ 21,9
@ 5.s
@ 29.2
L00 roasuszu'orounfi aozu. n. 3 - 4 - 5

31. riniiaufrran4lu fiuincluu::1rr:u?qnfruo r,ict, Nacr, Kcl uns caclz

rur arlfi ul tYu ciou r'ldf rro l 0.0(P niu t or rrr fizilurl tJ a c uluth t fi) 3
cm n u a'rfi

cr- o{ 12.8 ppm arrfitinitrurir'hJnnaot 6o

(u?aounoutol Ca = 40, Cl = 35.5, K = 39, li=7,Na = 23)
o Licl
@ NaCl
CD KCI
@ CaCz

32. fllracatuflnuriinrd.rlCtrnnr:riruorhrfiulr,lomr,lnlnrlam:ndru .ruz.so

niru uashuilrrlfiuurtloctr{ndruau t.so niu ulurulotilrurflucr:asnlut"lll?1r
500 cm
3 uzar,lomr{nlurrr:asnruiidniu
(U?nounoru{o{t H = 1, K = 39, N =14,O= 16, p= 3l)
@ 1.23
@ 1.84
@ 1.94
@ 2.27

$. tftCo.rnr:rnlurdl:nua'run:n Hcl nzrrrduflu 2.5 mol t dm3 il?urn: 250 dm3

tlflRrnuctrdrdu 3}.o%Inuraa nzrrrururju 1.18E gtcms izs" c uda
doll#ntn Hct rfludu 38 % Inurear'ruaunirln luzaovnouro{ H = l, cl = 35.5;
@ 25.72m3
@ 32.4s cmi
@ 50.53 cm3
@ 52.74 m,3.

Y. lufailcn-aodr.rfifiInnsfl.rnctlduo.rrfiJ:snou tfirirlnilcn-eotir.rdrr 55.0 g

cla$u
flTloflturriln:nrndodrfinarurururiu t.tg gt cm| il?rrn: 125 cm3 uas

il:s nordau 3s % Hcr Inuuaa ournn:rua'rguoastsrlnncf,incfi lulailc

i'rotirlfirirrrirln rirrunbllulailc6'eatir.r firiiu.rf,insad*rqA:urriunrnmdo
(u?aosnou{o{ H = l, Cl = 35.5, Za=65.4)
 ite-nr aotinrlrsdut unc ftna ortntntt-nuqa 101

O ,15

@s8
@69
@84

3s. 'lunrnr"rrJfrfi?urmr At ufls ruoo rfinrilil Atzor utrc IvIn drfrtsrrr:orrlii

il:cnaudeu At 99 g !tas,MnO 199 g turoh?nrrlfrouturtlilfifiiur trl:ntdu
atju
0em6oodnniu luraounouilo{ N=Tl,IVtn = 54.9, O = 16)

o 50.s
@ 48.5
@ 75.8
@ 23.2

36. fllrlilulto{rfinudl CCINO z dlultonAndutrnrJfrffiulrcildl{ CHrNQ

1o& Clz ldnrdnnisrqilitu cctrNoz tto&fltotflf,o ngdsll#gltrNq dniu

j j a
moilogfl nnfl'lrti'luua{'fiuru tm g
(U?AOUf,OUIIO{ C = ll,Cl= 35.5, H= 1, N = 14, O = 16)

(D 14.4
@ 21.8
@ 37.1
@ 45.3

37. cr:rfi nndlhln:ru gn:lurnqarhsnsudrur{ocr,loiruasnaoSu rirar:dur

13.75 niu tlrftrlfrffiurdurhturJfrffiurduqn ldn:nr{otrr{o?n e.8 niu uas

n:n'l aln:nno?n to.gs niu trr:drj:unoild?unas?u3suasnir'lnlnuu:a

(U?nOsnOUt O{ H = 1, Cl = 35.5)

@ 22.5

@ 25.8
@ s3.3
@ 77.s
L02 rsnuuuzf,aeounfi nozu. r. 3 - 4 - s

38. rrf n-rodrrr fin t.tzniu rirurirnsrs#ilril?ulgl Fe (rD InurirrJfr ffi urriu
fllraualu xt narurdrflu t u il?rrn: t0 cm3 rfinuftr b u.Bc-3 fi stp
rJfrffi urrfinduni.rd 2Fe(m) +2r- +2Fe(tr) +rz
.v , J
uinisdtfi lrrfinlugrJ Fe(IDgouacrilrln (u?aosnouro{ Fe = 56)
(Dzo
@?s
(D50
(Dlm

39. rrffr#inrdril?rurn: tt.2 dm3 d srpfiil-n 14 nir rirrJfiffiurnodnTuufra

leln:tou 33.6 dm3 d srp ldnrdnrtorqiriluufrr6nlfinru{r 6.02x1023 furaqa
ournnnua'ruaaluraqarourfra6nrfi nru'.rfi drrrirryudoln
@rz
@lE
@20
@28

fi. rrioh?ufra H 2 10.16 lua nirlg'ffiurn-uufrfl ctz2.Alfun lunuusfifirJiurn:

t0 dm3 rJ:rnqa'r rdodrcuqniiufra uct rfindu z.r2\ua nzrurf,uf,u{o{ H2
iinr6owrfluuirln
@ 0.592 mol/dm3
@ 0.804 mol/dm3
CD 0.910 mot/dm3
(D l.016 mol/dm3
 Itiilnt aotinrirrdat uac furra cutnlntt"nuqa 103

o
tRauR'lnoil

4. (D 5. @
1.CD 2. @ 3. @
6.@ 7. @ t. @ 9. @ 10. @

11. @ 12. @ 13. @ 14. @ 15. o

16. CD 17. @ 1t. @ 19. @ ?fr. @

21. @ 2i2. @ 23. @ 24. o 25. @

26. @ 2ll. @ 2t. (D 29. @ 30. @

31. (D 32. @ 33. @ y. @ 35. @
36. @ 37. @ 38. o 39. o ln. @
 104 roaaugzu'slaunfi razs. n. 3 - 4 - s

r<
tRauou't,{autoun
1. noil (D

uu ? R'n uao d,rl u #, 6 nrrnnr: ii 6r$ nn r s u fi o 3j'[u : v n'l n d.r r r u fi gm r'r

:;n-udupurndoufi n.rlro{1urvi'udrJ',rnis:cn-ura-.ruufi niaru#a
fl ruila-{{'rlroonurluSrJtorlr{nou iirn-rrru E = hv rds, dorirnarr,dto.rutro

2. f,ou @

/ ,J , q
",
trngrJ c>D>B
ila-{.r'nt: A >
ttn, E=hv=hc/l,
urraqdr E a, tttu
ryrs nr'ruu',rndil:A < c<D<B
irriu ftlCa'r
a

lltt
AC D B
o.luolrnC, (nm)
--+
3. nou (D

2
0'tfl uX ls2 2s 2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
4s
I
3d
5

2 6 2 6 2 6
zaY 1s2 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d
2 6 2 6 l0
soZ ls2 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
2
3d
lmJ lunr:o-nFur6dinn:ou'luaa{iin-arsrrrdurfi iordoiinrro-nitur
6rf,nn:ou uruurrpir rtouruu:r1rfir
 fue'nt aotrinrirr6at uru ifona ortntnt?"tunn 105

unnvir x wriluuururtloio 6s as rdsrilu x*

Y tctiluuurrrtlo*o 6a as rdorflu v3*
z wriluuuuu::giiu fl'o d'o tiatilu z2*
i'rr?u loooudra6u:dqn 6o x* Y3+ z2+

4. nou O
uuafin rdrrrula o o lurq#u 6a r a-rr ruil?uroulauii qniirl',1tlu',6 Rn I ouil qR

ooRn'lnosnouludnrucufrtr rhnrflulosouuan'luanrucrfrd Inu6rdnn:ou

n-ru:nfi uqnovogjlnntrnfi atnduturnfi qnrirhfu allrulooolurryfuririuiir
fi rirdrqn unctciifirtil'udulurirdu i z, t, 4, ... dl drdrfi nn:oufi raqnoonlrl
o{lurvdu#ura-n (n) fiunnittYu tsfinnrirb?n drltiuurn itniu IEs uflu IEr
to{ At lg rilunab?Al fimtoonf;rnfu +g
Inururn Al+ > /i.2+ > Al3+ > ata* tdoltrnu'lrhrpandu
,iru ru 6rf i nn r o u'lu os no u ut s 1o o o uu"l ann I

t. nou (D
s A ad
0'lR Rl:r[nttu{otanntoutlort Na K 1163 Mg+ riluntd

rrNa = 2 81
rsK=2 E81
tZMg+ = 2 81
rsld fturdriuturnldftd K > Na > Ms*
unu drrurn'luqj rir re drn'ud t wrlou til:rc6tdnn:ouo{rirllRat1fl
Aai
u?rnaufixlnilqn
a
n{uil redrniuiil: Mg+ > Na > K

G nou @
106 rsesur?z-orouufi razu. n. 3 - 4 - 5

nlfl
s a aC
Rrrnnrru.rolnRnrouro{ xy uaz zriluni.rd
tX=25
nY=28 2

sZ=28 5
J
n{ilu (D nn-lIrulosolur.lf,u z X>Z>Y
@ turnto{osno! : Y >Z>X
@ oriinlnlunrfii' z X>Z>Y
@ nerrrflunrnrsmonl.rC z X>Z>Y

7. noil (D

K((SO+)z K=*1 K2X(ChI)6 K=*1

O=-2, N=-3
S =*6 C =t2
X=*3 X=+4
lX(NIIa)ol Clz : Cl=-1 [X(H2O)6] Br3 Br=-1
N=-3 O=-2
H =*1 H =+1
X=+2 X=+3

t nou @

nlfl fl ar?uto{ramon0rnfuro{fi 1q lufi r:ilrcnouwdo.rfi rirnirriuprti

ItErs Ira rflularvratrj t iimtoonf,rafu = +l
x iimraonf,rnilu = +4
Y fimroanf,rnfu = -1
tsld fl au?Rtjo{mtosnfrrnfuro{r.l? lurrrril:vnau
 irfn: mtirrirrds: uar':fo;e ournrntiru4a 107

(D MXY+ = +l +4 +4(-l)
@ MzXYo = 2(+l) +4 + 6(-1)
GD I\D(Y6 = +l +4 + 6(-1)
@ MzXY+ = 4+t)+4 +4(-1)
ftrfu M z xyo rilugntrnii{o{d1til:cnouiirflutJld

9. noil @

hnd !1q M uas N finrtt-nf;iur6rtinn:su n-rd

M 2E 18 6
N 28 1t 32184
tcld rra oqiluil{ 6n'ril+ftfitntoonfitnfu = -2
N oqllun{4R1uoftiiratoon8mf,u = r4
qg
J
n{uil d1ril:snoil:uild1{ M ttau N n's MN

10. noil (0

i1fl wft r ru 1o o o lu rry#u lu dr n-u fi z ii ri r r r n n'irtir iu d t dr iu t r q rd u a rTu

ncl# n"nn-?r6on (D son rr:rcdorl#ilf,wrrlounz'r @

hnd x, y, z rflurrqfifimrosnou tt , 12, t3 nudrdu

ncld 1x+, tzy2* , t3z3+ fi,iruau6rtlnfltoutliTYu
lmu nz3* fi,l"ruruu:nouuniiqn rdofi,l'ruu'fiu6rfior:ounirtiu
ucnvir rrf* fi u:rfiirqndrfinnsou #rruoitqnulnfi qn
drrfu Rreu?ilR'rriirfinurniiaada z3* ** *.-
tt. nou (D
m-rrrufnri

I 4
3

2 r-d
:cuetgil?'l{u?lRaufl
10E reeuurzu-otautafi eazs. n. 3 - 4 - 5

uil?R'n pii z rflupd as fiua'Nruiilndniqn ni1#Iuraqafinaruu{rlrr{u1fl

fi qn ua v :v uc :c ildNfi arn6 urflfio n aru urarTun, lrii + rilu pii ri u r6n nIu rsrn fi
: c ?'m n riu g rflrhlrfl u p ii fu rn qa fi n aru utrrfilr r rlofi qn

12. noil @

rl dn nr r fl u R r r r u q n rdu a, o'r r r', qu rto,u, u a a l ra s rn I oJno u

hnd 'W * l" + 33* *

tfir," + lx
ucnl'ir fiunlrqa rnru?a z 235+t = pe+liH+a
a=2
tnn0cn0u z V2+0=36+56+z
J
z=O
VU
n{ilu x 6a zjn

13. nou @
a
Itil?fln O ure rilurr:rjrsnaulosofi o uru',oti'rlC
@ AlzOg rfl uar:ilr;naulaoofi n hirirlr{r{r1urrnrastoqrfi.r
tr Z
llac luaun'luu'l
(D Ni. rfl ulars rirlr'lilrl#luaRra;ro.ruilr
@ SiH+ rfluufrrriiqorrqu'r?or

14. nau @

uu'rfin drocnoudfi turnlrqj 6riinn:auda g'uonqnw gndroonrrnovnaulC

.iru rn:rcldiuu:r?irqnornfi erndurrlou rf,rlflnitrrruloaolurrfufi rircf,r 1u
cau
tu sr s 16 u r tYu ounou r u 1 n 1r qj n a r u rr urro lu n r r n'r g n 6d nn : o u rds rfi n rfl u
ttr:il:snoufirsfirirdr
 itflnt aotinrirr6st uau furre oulnrntfnuqe 109

15. noil O

/i
aa

/\ z
I aa

AI N- o o
/\
I IO HH HO o

NO, Or
Al Is PHa

orngrl Alrafidruau6rfinn:outou Al = 6

=8
No2fi'firuru6rf,nn:ou:ouN
PHr fi6ruau66nn:oil:ouP = 8
os fi'firurudrf,fln:ou:ollo = 8
dsriu x rr tirtlultJnrlnqoorunn
15. nOil @
A
t'tfl CH+G) + I2@)+CHTIG) + HI(g) ?l:o
H H
I

H-c -H+ I-I + H-C-I+ H-I

I

H H

rclfi nft.rruddoll#earun'-u"c'ttt''td'
= 4(C-H)+(I-D
= 4(413)+(151)
= +1,803 kJ
rmg nai.rruiildtlnnl:dg1{rl-ulc{ssHinnlolq{
= -3(C-H)-(c-D-G-D
= -3(413) -218-298
= -1,755 kJ
ucnrir uf,wrutolrlfrfi?urdeio 1 luatu cHaI

= +1,E03 -1755 = 48 kJ
 LLO roasuszr'af,aunfi aoz* n. 3
- 4- s
I
tm t llatolcH3tufn = D+3(t)+t?jt =t+z niu
J
n{ilu tYr cur r rfi ndu a.a niurciinr:rilduuuilnlra-wru
= fir+z.e = 14.4 kJ
17. nou @

Ionri = 7E6 kJlmol

IE1 B2 = 1,5g0 kJ/mol
E3 = 3,230 kIlmol frt = 4,3ffi kJlmol
Es = 16,000 kJlmol E6 - 2OmO kJlmot
tsld &-IEr = 794 kllmol IEg-IE2 = 1,650 kJ/mol
E4-83 = 1,130 kJ/mol IEs-& = ll,ffi kJlmol
uau IE+-+Bfirirndl.rurn"rrdrrrn
urnrdr rq M fidruauarauddrdnn:aurrirriu +
nYl#u naolrdta,runadgnrMctaftiiErJiruflunrrttnr?r

cl
I

ct
/"Y CI

lE. nou @
0'tfl Inxr$r.r lumqato{ NF 3 A.o

;;
F \ F
F
 Ito'nt aotinrirrdgt uac;itna ouurntinuqa 111

rEld,iruau'[utaqn{lnnrdu:nirrlurtitfirylriurunnn{)
uae Jrlirlluraqarfluii:ciinJ'''a''u'ndo'
rmnvir {uto{ F-N-F < 1(8.5' qu{o{11:{durhl
ftriu {u{o{ F-N-ro''rrflu tog'
19. nou @

o'rfl drrdonn'cdf iruaulurnQfl = 3

mnl.ir lrnddotnr:Iuraqatifitu.r = 2 uavlutaqafir?'l = t

t? /=Iuraqnfi'fa r=lutaqahifit'r
ftriu o cHCls ='{ , ccla = lc ' 11cj1 = /'
= *,NH3 = /' siHa =
Jc
@ CCl+

@PClr =/,H2o= '/'coz=*

@CH+ =x,So2= {,g11,g1 =/
?fi. oolj @
B
B
I

ABs B A
B
I
B

rrqrJ Atiug 3osnorolilu:sururduaflu 6ntcurstiaudtrtjfi'f.

ruau Atiug2osnoiloliluuurtdun:qduadu fintsilrcdaudwhifi{'a
ftriu tt:l6ntrfiua:srirlllraqa6lrilurt:{nounoil

21. noil (D
 112 l,naauu?u'of,autafi razs. n. 3 4 s
- -
o,
M fixiifiu:aounou t4.w - M%
rsld fi xiiiiraaounou t5.oo
= (tm-M) %

hnri u?nosnouxo{llq x rrirriu t+.to

14M+15(100- M)
rcld = l4.l
100
M=pe
uanrdr iixiiiimnosnou t4.oo = 99g
unu fixdfiuanasnoul5.fi) = ro%
ftriu il?urortoq z lolslflrJirrriu = 9o vo - to % = 80 %

2i2. nou (D
hnti !1? A druau a oueou trnsrlq g druau b osnau
tEld dru:ulunto{!1QA =
#
uau ,r'ruzuluato{t1qB b
- = 6.O2xtO23
Iond !1? A rlns B iiuaaocno,rrirflu x uflu y f,1u6r,1eirJ
J
n{ilu !q A drueu a osnou illiR = ax
niu
6.V2xtOB
,q B t'ruau b ognou ru-n =
*6.U2xtO R'U

?3. nou (D

hnd fl o { fl u, dN In a',a
}r u ?f n6 s ro 7r.r il a n fi u : nru R-u nfin ag.z ni u
drffi tolxauil:snoudaunglnr = x niu
ncld io{Hfluil:cnoud:uronruon
= 63,2_x nir
 irfnt aotinrfredst uac iuna ornnlntt-nuqa 113

n1R uaalumqa'uol CoHlzOo = 1E0

laalumqatsl Cz Hs OH = 46
tmc fi nr{usuocruur.r#.n uet z-zluaosnol

tc'lfi
6x 2(63.2-x) - .n
180Me
x = 54'0 fltlJ
)
n{ilil {o{Hdilil:rnouCeunqlnrl 54.0 niu

A. noil O

t'lR nqtourfraqnu nn PV = nRT

\y' = ,(*, )
tclfi dqonaqiiuaun?1iln'1rt6u?d1lv c n

utnt,ir ,irurulua.uort SOz tO niu ,. ry,, - = O'25

= 32+2(16)
'firuauluato{Helniu =I 4
=o'25
}-
niu = xr) = o'50
'iruzulnato{ H2 t

'iruruluato{ Ne to niu = 19
20
= o'50

,firuaullnto{ozl6nil =+2(16) =o'50

ftriu il?urn:tslHe l niu girriu ilBurn:tol soz l6niu

25. elou @
e4.8 dm3tolufrc ii srp rrin 64 niu
hYrd
ilx22.4
tsld 22.4.8dur3tolufrtt d srp mrin 4.8
32 niu
114 toesuuzf,aaounfi raz* u. 3 4 s
- -
unnrdr t funmqrfrr ilu-fl = lZ niu
uealumqararufln
=32
rms (u?aosnou1o{X+4)
=32
-!
n{ilil uaaocnoutalX = 2g
26 nou (D
rdorirrJirrrrd srp rorufra (r) rr:dau zz.+wlctflur.ru:ufun
'rR
hnti u::1*fra:rfinru'rrrin z.n niudsrp uarur:1*frnaanfi,ulunrrrus
Ca-
lrirriuluurn r ua,rurin r.oo niufi srp
fi ii rj?urn

tcl# t'rurufuatorufltrutu = ,fiuaulratorufrroonfiru

2.2 1.6
Ivfw 2(16)
MIY= 4
ftr?u uaalrmqarowfirusu = !,!,

n. nou (0

Innri Inrs u uu-n 0.56 ni, nirJfrfi?orniu Hct iiurnrfiuro ,ldrrrasnru

tol MCt z uacuflnlalnlnu tt2 cms d Sfp
tsld aunr:fiqnuda u+2HCl MCtz+Hz
rms ufrrlslnsrtu rr2".,
-+ tt2
stp
d = iffi = o'fi)Slra
ttrnrdr r'ruzulunto{ M = dru:uluago{ H2
= 0.fi)5
drrfu lailsMrlunrrin = = rrz.onil
ffi
 ldilnt aotiinrlrsdffi uas ifona mnarntfnuqa 115

zlt. f,ou (D

hnd rlril:cilrn-rotirlfirr:6unitir6or1uo{nirdu 4xto4 mol/

3
dm3

rnrlurinsiuil: vmrudurlrrj: silrd,t',ttt 2,0(X) c,m io iuionu

tslfi dru'luluntolcr:iurittf = cv
= 4x\O-7rffi
= Ex10-7

uanlir iliurgrtolrrr:6urEtiitirsnruiutdr}Jcio{u
-= 8x10-7 x250
irrro-')rro* niru

ftriu il?lrqtolar:6unitiiiirrnruiutdrlrjioe-u = 2x10-1 fiaaniu

29. noil @

hnd nrrlr{ldutorrr:acarun:nfaf itsnrftf,u l0 % Inuuaa

nmuuurmiu l'123 gl cml

tclfi dr:ncalu I cm3 rrin = l'123 g

fll:6s41u1,000 cm3 utin = 1.123x1,0(X) = ll23g

utnvir d1raca1u1,0(x) cm3 fittzso+rtin = # 'g

ui uralunqn'uo{ Hzso+ = 98
lua
t;ld flr:asalu 1,0(x) cm3 fi ttzso+ = ffi
J
Iunri
n{ilu rr:asarufinrrudrdu = %#
30. nou @
 116 toesuilzt-af,aumfi razu. n. 3 4 s
- -
nrR rrnr:iiqnuda n'o
CaCOr+2HCl CaClz+HzO+COz
lms U?Ato.tCaCOrfiururu = 10.0-4.0 = O.O niU
ncld r'ruaulunroit CaCog = a#O = 0.06

,l"tuaultato.t HCI rrirrslrluzultaroit

= 2 CaCOr
= 2xO.O6
= 0.12
ffiin{d1 rftrasaluiiHcl = O.t2x (1 + 35.5) = 4.3g niU
?flr-R
hnd fl1rasa1ufl:nfirJ?urn:
= ?_N cm3
2N -^
= lom tl*-

) = 0.20 dm3
n{uil filtnsaluntniinarurf,idu =
# = 2.19 g/dm3
31. nou (D

Ow% Cl- to{tfnrdaotirq

Iond rirmr 0.002 niutorcr:n-aildr}Jacnrulh
100 cm1
nuz'rfi Cr- ol t2.t ppm
tcld luflrracnrut00cm3 fiCI- ru-n
= grtOO _ g.Ol2Eg
100
uanldr % q- ro.rf,'rrn-?od^ - ffixr,o = o+

e nrdrnou
o1R % Ct- xo{ LiCt =
7*,,,rtoo - 83.5
 3rt'nt aotfnriradu: uac futa ournrntinuqe
ll7

A- = 60'7
% tortNaCl = #x100
35.5
% Cl- {o{ KCI = '39*35.5 x1116 =47.7
2(3s.s) ylQQ = 64.0
% cl- to{ CaCl2 = 40+2(35.5)
)
n{uil cr:daodr.rd 6u
"o"t,
32. noil @

hnd riruolturfiuur,lorrfi'ln'ln:lsrn:n,irueuz.5onil
[aclnrilfl rf, ulvlotr'{n'f, ru'u t'so niu u'tu'u''
"i1
ovlfi u'latolr{octY{nfiutrn (NH+)sPo+'3Hzo
31+
= 2.50x 3(14+4) +f t++(t0)+3(2+16)
= 1.17 niU

tns u aoto{tr{ofl rdndilrtrn K sPo+

=r.s0,ffffi
U
= 0.67 fl5U

= l.l7 +0.67 = 1'84 nin

ftrtu u?n{o{T{oflu{n'lum:nufl'lu

33. nou (D

o urnmutdlfiutol nct
1.188 gl(mt
Itn6 n:n HCI rdildu 3L.O%lnuuaa n?1ul',lu1tniu
1000 cm3 fi uct = 1'188
x 10fl) x 038 niu
rcld drngalu
1.18Ex1000x0.38 Iua
rll:nualu I dm3 fi ncl =
1+35.5

= l2371ua
 LIE roasuszf,saaunfi razu. n. 3 - 4 -s
rrrnvir uctfin.rrurdrdu = 12.37M

C urfirnot
t'tfl druauluato.r Hcl lunr:asarunrroqrirriu
tcld CtVr = CzYz
Q.5)(2so) = (12.37)y 2
Vz = 50.53
)
n,!iltJ osdo{ldn:n Hct rf,idu 3B.o %Inurzn 50.53 cm3

34. nou @

01R n:nrnfiodrfiRarurururju t.tg gl cm3 iliurnr t?s cmg

rracil:cnoudeu rs %Hct Inuuan fi Hct

= 1.18 x 125 x 0.35 = S1.OZS niu

51.62s
=ffi=1'414 lun
uac rrnr:figauiila 6a
7a+ZHCx ZrrCt2+HL
trl# druzufunto{ Zn = I rrirtolr"rueullnrol nct
2
Ix
I .4 1 4
2
= O.lUl
urnrdr zn lulnilcilu-n = o.7Ul x 65.4
= 6.2
hnd Iarsn-aodrodr., ss.o g
J
n{uu founc{ol zn lularsn-iori.r.r
= *4w
55 = g4

3s. nou @
 itt-nt aoi'iinrlrrdm uau fuile omnrntinuqe ll9

01fl run't:fiqarrda fio

ltas rirrortuneuiirJtrnoudeu n 99 g unr lvlno 199 g

rcld
99 - r99
Zx?it 3x(54.9+16)

tlac uno rilum:druunil?urot

l9 xz lun
urnrir er tit#tutlfr6iur =
3x(54.9+16)
l9
-- 3x(54.9+16) xizx?ll = 50.5 nin
niu
ftriu il?urqtorttr:nldudrrafio = 9-50'5 = 48'5

X. nou @
lfi cllrNozitldtntfn = x niu
t'tn ,troltfiqu,rd, n'o
CHTNGz +3Clz+ CClgNOz +3HCl

Itnd coNoz rfluninriorqfitldr'rrfn too niu

CCIrI'[oz
rcld1'ruruluano{CIIrNoz ='$ruaull6to{
x 100
oclfi 12+3(35.5)+14+ 2(16)
12+3(1)+14 +2(16)
x= 37.1
)
R{UU Corl# crlgNoz urin rz.t nil

17. noll o
n'lR rirm: tl.zs niu Hcl 10'95 niu + dut

lms Hct 10.95 niu = rlo=9=5= Lu

1+35.5
10'95.x35.5
utndr dffi 13.75 niu finatitu = 1+35.5
= 10.65

1o'65xloo
drriu lounyuslnntitulurrr:d - 13.75
= 77.5
120 tsaaus2r'ailaunfi aazu. n. 3 4 s
- -
3t noil o
hnti 2Fe(Itr) +21- + 2Fe@) + 12

nsld rz 22.4dm3 d srp do.rl# FeGtr) = 2xso nit

I, # d-3iisrpdarl# Feetr) - zrsarfir#
) = 0.2?Aniu
n{ilil 9ouastor FeoD - ffxrco = n
39. nou O
lond rrfrrrfinnurril?unr rr.2 d stpru-n t+
dms nir rirrJq-fiiurno6
riu*flrrl aln rrnu 33.6 dm 3 ii srp rcn6n nlor qfi fl u*ftr6 nrfi nrurr
6.O2xtOB luraqa
lfi X+H2 Y lrrnrru"rhiqal
osld t"ruaufuntol
-1 x =
tt.2
,r^^ = 0'5

t'rurullatoit H2 33.6 t<

=
22.4 r"'
o'ruauluntat y =
6.O2xtO23
I
6.O2xl}23
uaalumqaro{x t4
=
uanldt a-n:rtiaurl'ruaulta X: H2 : y e.J: 1.5:
= I = l:3:2
ltas rrunr:fiqnuda n's X + 3Hz 2y
orfl nr:orlinfuan
tsld -
MWx +3(2) - ?)rtly
28+6 = ?*ly
MY=17
ftr?u uznluraqarsurfla6nrfir?ru.o = 17
 ?ro-nt notfnriredm uas iuna ornfl1ntl-'uqe l2l

40. o01t (D
n1R tunr:fiqatr#'l6o Hz+Clz + ZHICL

Innd ldufiaHz 10.16Iua rflrrlfiffiurflurrfraClz2.48lua

'lunr,,rciifi r1?urn: to am rdsdlt,qafi uftt uCt rfi n{u z.t2 lua
3

iulfi HriitililAfiia't = ry = t.o6 lua

tm& nzfirufio - 10.16-1.06 = g.tolun

)
n{tull nerurdudu{o{Hziirmfio = T = 0'910 mol/dn3
 122 lrlaattszr'af,eunn' razil. n. 3 4_
- s

uil?flof,ou rnii do?u. qnid s

r.rrtionrirn oufi g ndor fi gn rn'u rdrn our6 u

e

1.,rq*uit,r't#oaurigrua'r scnouilrsnoucauu'amdutr
driiru rnrf,nuacfiilrlu2n
6soslr
<DInorf.rtJ Inrcncrfl udarhb,lihdf,
@ luuursrilnlnriirnafrcfi laoouuanrfindu
@'lunr:n"r6rtinlnr6f,rtoqn6o #olurr,,urlaln:rounclrJiu6rf,
nnruud
unlnn
@ oqnrnuoailruruiuurlronrflurdulnicu*1
ovruulilornuu.rrdunrurto
asilouna-u

2. r r n r s n-u r a'r r ru t a.r 6rti nn q do rn n ndo r

r o u r u oc n o u I o { r 1

drnunb? ,rp' rflunniNrolcsiura-wruitlluovnou

rutortilurcR-uila-{.r'run&{duuacyrfl ur;n-utdr.rruqnrtru

3. mngrJ fi nrlrJd uu ryn-ilila-{{ru torGdinn : ou

B(nntlru)
n=5
ru I n=4
n=3
I D T- I
n=2
B E F
I
n=L
 ilte-ntaotinrlrrfiaruegiforacutntntt-nuqal23

fi urtrn#utj urr
dolnitrtrt?rfi nanjnniunjdqrtrdsfi naru urrnCufi
(D B, E, A
@ B, A, C
GD E, F, D

@ C, D, F

drnduio}Jd,itrodrnuluasfrrit rirtor x na:fi riruirln

4.

I
I
I
I
I

d i.-
I
x

(D50nm
@ lfi) nm
@ 87.5 nm
@ 175 nm

l. drtrq n fi ntf,n6rdnn:outilu I :ciu'iruru66n"u"fo"nrtlu ts

donrrllntinndor
(D fi ,iruauorlnrnuanluiiarndutnirdu ts

@ rfl ulooouuanrdoo{lum:rltsnou
@ fi ,f,ru'urtaud6rf, nn:ounirtiutrqluln:ttu
@ o{lunrurdurtiu tvtg

6. {slnfi nr: il'nft u$'rtol6 rfi nn: ou rfl urruu ufrcrds u

(D lli2*
@ oc2*
@ sg2*
@ 4Be2+
 124 lnlaauszr'orsutafi eozn. n. 3 4 s
- -
7. ocnou6fi :crortrqrfi nlnhifi 6rtilnrrur,6or#.,fl o.r !1?
o trqdiirnflosnou t4tns zo
o rrqdfirarosnou t2t$v 34
o rrqdfirarovnou gtrr-zo
o nqfiiirnuocnou 20tns 36

& r rq ru u a't rq r u'r ii rn r oc n o u I 6 o ur n m : r u a'rm t oon f, rn #u t o.r r rq dtv fi

rir gr gn uav rirdrqnrrirriunirln nrrdm-u

@ +2 uas {
@ +6 uas -2
@ +4 uac -z
@ {6 uns -4

g- looou s2-, cl-, K+, ca2* uasounoueriio.ruzuGrfinnrourrirriurun

rurntorlooau rlauosnor'rdrd irin rrnlrqjtJnrrtinlcodr.rl:
@Ar>ca2+>s2->K+>cI-
@ Ar > s2- > ca2+ > cl-> K+
GD > K+ > Ar> cl- > s2-
ca2+

@ 52- > Cl_ > Ar> K+ > Ca2+

10. drrunf,oneruio}Jd
 ito-ntnotzTnrfrgdo:uagt-Uileorrrnlntinuqa|25

lnu D2* fiRt:t-nfiu6rf,nn:surflu 2, E, E

n. !q E *au llq D rflulolrlyrr1flu
mc!.lqln fidru.rufien:sunirrYu zo tYaldnuoifiarn6u{tsurq e 6o flr
t. e3- finr:r'n6rdnn:ourriiou roS2- rtaellq e f iruaufi:n:ounirtiu Z0

61fu,q A rsfirn{ocnounirriu 14 ttastatueaueanirtYu e+

R. x7+G)*En 4 xs+1g1+e- n firirwirrlu E

q. nr:fi uudqlrutslolrfihsnoutolndurnirufi nlr{flrtrnurn}Jrlourfl

uft d

ilfirdnd, uclfirial , o-an:rlalotnn , 6ur'lrt:n

dolnrrpJ'ldqndor
(D n. ttac n.

@ n. uns l.
CD n. ttac n.

@ gnrln{o

rirurnfi qn
11. !1fl x fi rnrosnol 8 nndNtowiruf,wru'looslurryfuludolnfi
(D IEs-IEz
@ IEz-IEe
(D IEo-IEs

@ IEs-IE+

12. Iail cuil:uf, f,lu m:rj: c noulndfi uldrn'u ta tos nfi tnfu trn,rntju rrls u

(D zno CrzOr WOr

@ Moo3 TiOz MnzOz

@ Mnoz FeO CuO

@ KrFe(ct9e KzCrzOt KMnO+
 126 l,rraauuzr'aroutafi razs. n. 3 4 s
- -
13. iuu{nu{*ircuenrrunud:araru#lrfi udoryaldn'.rd
u-nf;

u2aroirc'r, AB rilrn-u + niu iliurortorusrrsgrnaatu-rnafnirriu

50 cm3
gorugu'rirrioilnsalufi'rrrrirdu 29" c uavqorrgl'ri.,riururu.,urrrrnirn-u 23.c
dh AB(s) e+1g;+r+6y finn-rrrufirfiuador +xkJ/mol
-+
llns A+1g;+B+(g) e+1aq1+n+1a4 iiuftrrudrfiu.rf,or
-+ -y kJ /mor
dolniotJdgndar
(Dx = y
@r, y
@*. y
@ x+y = rirnd

14, rdorfi uu gnr Inrrrfiruuu pro.r6a6fi no{ No, doln gndar

tD z n-utvqi rlau E ortinntoudhifinn-urc
@ t rf,utvqi I n-urcraua uas r2Ortinnroudhifinr-urc
@ t n-u rvqi z tiuwtd', uas r26rtinn r au
fi hi6n n-u rv
@ t n-urvqi I n-urcrdua rns t drfinnrsudhirfinr-urs

15. drrunrn'wrun-ursrnd $t tmorl io}Jd

a
C-C = 34t C-H = 413 C-O = 358
C=O = 745 O-H = 463 O=O = 498
rJfifi?urnr'nr lu rIt ar Iilr il ru oa
1ru ro rw uflo r fu a l#,rfi n niEqi,fl u *frrr
co z uaslorir rcaruiltognrntlrudfiIanaiolta
@ ntuta-w -tu l,s2skJ / mol
@ ntgila-ll.tu l,gg3 kJlmol
@ gnna-wnt l,s2skJlmol
@ gnnn-ll.tu l,gg3 kJlmol
 3riilnt aotfnrlrr6gt uau itra outatntt-nuqa ln

16. doln it ul ri rq u rr-u t r t t n u r nlrlrlo ulCg ndo I

PtClr CH+
BFr CH+
CII+ BFr
BClr CH+

1rl. tnrrt?atolllrnqnluf,oln unnirlt'lflTl?fl

(D NFr
@ CSz
@ BFr
@ Pcts

lE. fltr:otrdsnruislrjd
ulu qnlnt?milcldfi tr'.r fi 3 rJ i*1u m qnlilu *uun : lfi ufir
fl . siH + rfl ra

{. siFS- rfl uloooudfi SrJi*Ilraqnrfl un:urrlnurl ounorRnl{firh;*ilunu

fl. NClr fi6rf,nn:oulirirln-utv { r *n;6rf,nnloudlnn,fir. t { rrnrErlirl

Itraqnrfl uuuuil:rfi nluarrm6uu

dolntrpJldqndor
(D n. ttns t. nirr?u
@ n. ttas n. wirrfu
(D t. uas n. nirr?u
@ gnqn{o

19. trnnr:iinurtuuttolt'l:M, N' o' P nu'ir

p riluarrloosfin
rvr riluar:tififa
o tiluttr:fi'u'e
N,
M,N,o rtlucr:Intrtaud
N rfl urrr:iifirflutclglnlttiltcil'i'l'tluraqn
 12E rsagrrzr'af,oulafi rozs. r. 3 4 s
- -
f,olnrilu nr:iii ur eirn-u ndan mnEr }Jdi
1

(DP>N>O>M
@p>M>N>o
C,N>p>M>o
@M>p>N>o
m. rdo nro (g) rirrJq'fiEurn-u Czo (g nrinniEqidldrcfiTt-urcrfinlnldrlx
o rf,urclnrznud
@ nYutclnramud uas niurclosofi n
@ yr"utcloaofin
@ n"u r g inmra u rilrasn-ur g I sln rrr u

21. sr:m?nrdril:snorc:unrfuou 29 osnou rioar: r luraqa ,ngfinrfusufin

rfl u go. gz w \atruta o urnn r ru:'ru r a lura qu, uou.,, d,rirryu rri
rln
(U?Aosn0Uflo{ C
= l!)
@ +lo.r
@ 3e0.8
cD 348.3
@ 251.4

42. ,flrrrfi nrd.r ii la rirrJu o g'dau *a; fi Rarrn-urfl u x

ur r u.r fl .rrr rdsrirrflurft d
il?rrn runs qorr q u'nrfi fi n eru 6'urfl il y u* u.rR.rfl
0 {,r.*f,u deu Tu a r ouir
1 u u flrn'r du a'r fi ri r ui r I :
(D x-v
x
@ x-Y
v
@
y-x
v

@
y-x
x
 3t{nt aoiinrfra6st uau rfone onnlntinuqa 129

drl#
23,. NaOH luqnrrun::1 rit uul#trnrlfr ffi urto{ Na z CO r riu Ca(OH) z
Naonfinil
Nazcor 1ffi0 g rirrlfrfiturtiu ca(oH)z filrnrfiuno w6n
(il?AOUf,OUtlO{ C =12,H= 1,Na= 23'0=16\
o80
@ 160
(D 7s5
@ 1,325

A. rrfrrrna#u(Cl, llladfi CL35 75% $ns Cl37 25% (lnxornou'aoSu

nirf,u lfl fiorlnrnqn;ru:elfioUn'lrl
@ 107x6.02 xl}23
@ tosxo.oz xlo23
@ 5l.sx6.u2xlo23
@ 52.5x6.ctr,,xlo?3

fl:u1r?ufl1:n6n HNor luqnmun::uil:;nouCru

r funou i'rd
?s.
NHr+Oz NO+HzO o
NO+Oz + NOz e
NOz+HzO -+ HNOr+NO o
rlau 87.0 nrudriu
louac{olflnldlutr'uii O, e uns O wirtiu t5.0, t3.0
NHa 52'125 niu
oumil51udrrct6n HNOr dudniu drdudurrfrtr
(U?nOCnOUtlO{ H = 1, N = 14, O = 16)

o69
@79
@E9
@99
C zH zO t 7'A niu
?fi. rililAuil?qndliilln-'ld 5.45' C drm:nsnruil:cnoudau
'luruufiu 115.3 niu tsrrfildlfi 3.55'C t{fi1u?0tl41rirnsfitol1np'snrtiillluuaa
{o{tuuail (il?aocnor{o{t H = 1, C = 12' 91= 35'5)
(molal ftee"ing Point constanQ

O 0.62 'c/m
@ O.47 'C/m
@ 5.08 'Clm
o
(D 6.90 C/m
 L30 rsagus?r-af,ounfi eozil. u. 3 4 s
- -
n. flltnsalutlortdll xluuulnrtiu tlnuii x'hi:vrruuavnftiunni'a1rua'ra-n:rdau
Inuuaato'tf,1t x ciauur{flrtiurrirnil t :5 ovrf,rl#1nfiionu{rro.rflrrasalunnair
"c
uaarrraqaro.r xfirirrrirln (K1uo{*ililnrdu .c/m)
3
- 6.90
@230
@m
(D 130
@zq
2x,. lunr:mr'lrfirurmu drrCrdufirnilrilrJ 99.9 nir uas
oz99.9iinr ii srp rc
arurrorniiurrirl#nir (u?aounoufl o{r H t, c t2)
= =
@ 49.8
@ 60.2
@ 7E.4
@ 99.9

29- rhu?qnfiJ?urnr r05 cm3 fi + "c d.rrf,rhr6ui'.rdruuflnrur,

osrr?ar:acaruiifi
nrrururttilll0.90 gl cm3 uarfi M{, goq, lauilrrin lrirr,trin 0{fl..ril?aril.l
ilirrn:ro.r f, rraua'ru r,nr, d lc tnarrurururiuto*firrirriu g
r t cm3)
@ 151.67 cm3
@ 157.67 cm3
@ 166.67 cm3
@ 195.67 cm3

30. rirar:asarul'rr6uunao l:drf,uflu 0.2 M''ru

au 300 cm 3 rrrfiurirturfl u t fi n:
ournn:rudrfrru-nrfl uniutoslvrfiuunao'l:rilil 3,uorf,.r:acarurfluflu
300
0.2 M *asrirrrinrfl uniuto.rlqrduunaolrrilu "-3
300 qn r,o{fllrauarufi rirur
r6urirudafiririliurnrua'rn-uodrl: (u?nounouuo.r
cl = 35.5, Na = 23)
o 3.51, 0.52
@ 3.51, l.o5
@ 3.51, 2.50
(D 3.51,3.51
 ltiilntaotinr[redutuau.ifolaomarntfnuqal3l

urtiulnus lrytd ulluuoa no ssd

31. urrirra {r S,O0O iiainiu tnrun'rlnurirrl fi fi?

ldnnol:dloooll rrn#ur6u AgNo s lrnr6utoallr1'lum:asarudrldu

w'lfinsnoutr:urin 0.1606 niu }?r{tuaarurgjofrfiuifi6fi (C r+Hsoi) 1u

ar:drodrl (u?aosnouno{ Ag = 108, C= 12,C1= 35'5' H = 1)

o 31.8 %
@ 7.9s%
@ 3.18 %
@ L.sg %
(c g Hz cooH) ro g rf,rrlfiffiurtiu
32. lunrrmiuromnof rdoldn:nfiefiEn
g ldnrnfafl nrdildurilun-'lri uJ fr ffi ur'fi rueu
roltluoa (c z H s Otr) 3. 14 e?

z g ldndnninqftflurofiafiafit:n (cgHzcoo czHs) 5'r g Haldlouar

firirnirln (u?aounou{o{ c =1.2,H= 1,o= 16)

o 35.00
@ N.33
@ 33.4s
@ 6.92
rnsn:nnlsln:nao?n
33. ruflana#urnluldtrnrlfi ffi ur:vu'irqrusnrfi rt'lnosnl'xd

drrf,1lfrffiu n'C dotnr:lduflrrnafiurf;iurn: 3m mL narun'u 608 mm Hg

.r,i

orduol# *o, 6nil rhrJfr fiiurdun:nlaln:nno?nfi

urnrfiuro
tlas l:alunqatol MnOz = t7)
lrirnlfitolrrfltr n = 0.082 L.atrr.rnollr'IE-r
o 0.01
@ 0.8s
@ ttt
(D 850

v. rufranrurfinradlrj:cnoudau H" 1'00 Riu'

co 14'0 niu' ttac No ro's niu
i u111fl (rirnlfi lssgflrt
u::1'lUnrrilutru.tn zdaz n c wfi nerudutru6u::
"

c = l2'lte= 4' N = 14' g = 16)

R = 0.082 L'atm'molll'Icl ttag u?aounoutlo{
@ 2r.6
@ r3.2
@ t.24
@ 0.310
 132 toasuuzu'aeoumfi razu. n. 3 4 s
- -
35' lunr:rirrJ6l'ffi urcil?'Nflinsitrmcn:nrn6o InuriuCul#dlnstt
o.s+ nil rir
rJfrfi?urn-,HCl 0.r0na wdoql# Hct 0.rna 6om3
6.rwrfinrlq-ffiurrug:ai
flacwfinttfrfl Hz fi om3 d srp nrudm-u (uzaosnouro{ zn 65.4)
=
@ 1.0,2.24
@ t.o, 4.4g
@ 2.0, 2.24
@ 2.0, 4.49

36. lunr:ndnlarvlnrnrfi ur orrl#Inilclilrfl rfi uu Gv) oanr.ud*nunTuflrdrurnc

h?rfi rlfr ffi ur n-u ufrnnnoSud go'r qfi g.r w ld lnurrfi ur 6rv1 n ao l:d drra-r rrn
r?u w g nt 6.r dde uufrrr I eln r ru n-{ fi u R r, 1ft I rlq a;
TiOz+Clz+C TiCl+ +COz
Ti Cl+ + Hz Ti +HCI
tfi ld rio z z.+ niu o gdor l#ufial sln:rr ufi 6n :it
srp
(U?A03flOU{O{Ti
= 48,O= 16)
@ 0.612
@84
@ 5376
@ $.76

37. lunrlnjiuu Klvftro4 nlfl l\[noz n1ufiunl,1u-lhlgn;

I\[nOz+KOH+Oz KzI\dnOr +HzO

-+
KzIVlnO+ + CO z+ HzO KMnOa + KHCOg + I\[nOz
-)
tfinrnCornlr KIvIno4 too nir ocdorl#orfinir
(U?AOgnOUtO{t K=39,IVln = 55, O= 16)

o 10.3
@ 15.2
(D 20.0

@ 30.4
 il:e-nt ao?innlredu uau itna ourarntinuqn 133

nioldarracarugfiurdudu 1 mol / dm3 250 cm3 urrf,r'hftrrft[dr1#rhilfiffiur

38.

rIu cuo n'lutlun'l:

(NHDzCO (s) + 3CuO (s) + NzG) + 2HzO6; + COz G) +3Cu(s)

os ldnri n rYor cftfl u rrfrafi rJi u rn :fi q nu rarirn fi ru n t ii srp

(D s.6
@ rt.z
@ 22.4
@ ,14.8

drfi
39. luRr:mr c srl re t.o fiIaniuluoonfittu tcfiuNdrupfllufihicilr;:oi
uflrr COz unc CO r6nduurin z.S 6lnnil
wur,Joirfiudnlnuuaatos COz'lil

uf,tncl (lJ?aoenoutlo{ c = l2,H= 1' o = 16)

(D 1.03
@ r.47
@ 41.2
@ s8.8

4l). ,iruauorlnrn Na+, 02- tolNazo gz.s niu rfluhjftdo'lnnruiriu

(U?AOUnOUlOrl Na = 23, O = 16)

(D ts.osxto23, 30.10x1023

@ 30.10x1023, 15.05x1023

@ 18.90x1023 , g.45,1o23
@ 9.45x1023, 1g.9gx1023
L34 roaguilzr-ecounfi rozu. n. 3 4 s
- -
tnaufi'lnoil

1.@ 2.@ 3. @ 4. @ 5. @
6.@ 7.@ E. @ g. @ 10. @
11. @ 12. @ 13. @ 14. o 15. @
16. (D !7. O 1E. @ 19. (D 20. @
21. o 22. O ?3. o 24. @ 25. @
26. @ 27. @ 2E. @ 29. @ 30. @
31. @ 32. @ 33. @ y. @ 35. @
36. @ 37. @ 3E. @ 39. @ 40. @
 ?ro-nt aotzTnrirafiffi uat ftna ouratntt-luqe 135

rA
tflauoul,iastou9l
1. nou (D
lraurnrdorfi uudul1:nou
rruan'n oqnmuoailrrituoqnrniifi ,lrrlrrnunvfi
do I
t r ru tu 1du n : I rni o rs #ou n aiu #u
nlil
n r : fi or1 n r n uo a r,h q n r[r'lriru
u
iqr?u
*1fi6ofi arn6uadurol
r6adurdolrrnqnndnrrnn{utosrl:vlmntuiioutYu
m:rsfi etn6 uafion{umlil:v luen fi rl: nouoli:'lu flufi en:ou)

2. gtou GD

B (ndllru) n=5
t= 4
n=3
t=2

n=1

nrngrl fl aciN{ol#undruuddrn'irfi durnn'irnairltol#uta-llrui{qln'ir

AEs+
osld
)
n{uil aElp

3. noil @

B (ud.r.rru) n=5
t=4
I
A

I
-l A
Dl_
n=3
n=2
I
B E F

V
n=1
 136 roauuuzf,oraunfi razu. n. 3 4
- -5
t'tR nrliltiuu:sn'ura-wrufi rirlrtrfi nauJnniruJri.rurrq rfi n ornnr:uJiiuu
,ss-uila-{{'ruornErhJdrna'r d.rfirf,uranJnniu A,
B *nu c rrirr?u
tlau ra-uuilRruf;iurrnrrnhJrlou iilo n>A>c
tm
I
Ae*1L
J
VU
n{ilu o.ruu',.ndufiwrrnr?ouhlrrn 6o n < A < c

+ nou @

-ri x i.-
trngrJ L
x
4
llag
)
r, - 400 nm rlrniuurlflrial
n{ilil x = lfi)nm
t. nou @

0]R nr:r"n6ur6dinn:outorR6o 2 E 5
ncld @ fir'ruzuoqnrnuenlufiarn6utr
= druau6dirrrur#onuf, = tJ
@ rilutrqr{ s ftrilulaaoualrudoo{luarrilr;nou
(D fidruurzraud6rtinncouflirnTulrqluln:mu
= 5
@ a{lunrurduan-u ug ftfi 6a nru g
J
n{ilu @ riluflonaruiihigndo.r

6. nou @
 3te-nt mtinrlre6ut uau ifona outntntt-nu4a 137

s'Ifl gLi}* fitiru'lu e- = 3-)' = t finr:t'nitu{ e- = 1

oc}* firuru e- =6'2=+finr:fnfiu{e- =2

2

582* fi,iruaue- =5'1,=rfinr:f,nfiu{e- =2

I

48"2+ fi,f,ruu s- =
4-2 = 2 ilfl1:t-nfiu e- = 2
rc dlrflugfrrrrdoufi,iru?u e- = z finr:f,nfiu e- =
2
un,
ftriu 4Be2* f irueu e- uuurtf,aldou

7. Rou @
mqfi fi rntounoil 20 fi nr:f,nft ul6rfi nn:ou
ntd
tln
lri,2r',2pu,3s2,3p6,4s2 r
tnc rrqfifi ratocnsr 36 fi nr:t'nfi ul6rtinn:ou n1lfi
,ri , ,"' , zp' ,3s2, 3P6 , 4"2 ,3dlo ' -4P6
6o trqiifirntounor 20 rae 36
drriu rrqir;n6,f,o*u*du.r'.ouon''q

t. nou @

t'lR nlqdfi,unusnou 16 fi nr:6ul6rdnn:ou ild

286
tcld rrqfifirntounou 16 rilutrqu{ o
')
dlriu ,lqdfi,unornoil 16 fimtoanfinfuglqn = +0

[nsta{ooflfirn#uirqn = -z

9. noil (0

n1n looouttncarruufi fi d1ueu6rf, nnrounirtiu tcfi nr:fi ul6rtinn:ou

ruiisutiuftd 2 8 8

urnlsoouuto
tclfi looouuncacnoilrildrditfi 6ruru11:nouurnndrtsfi
ocnoudnn'ir
n ft d
ftriu turntollsooilmcocnourutirdfi ultrnluqilrlurrf,
s2->cl->Ar>K+>ca2+
 L3E roaurszr'af,ounfi aozu. n. 3 4_
- s

10. nau @

0lR dan. rrn o2*finrrt'niliw"- z g g,?ue- = tg unuD,Brflu

1o I'rIn rJ nTu n"r'h? D, B ii,f i u a u ft J r n o u rri r niu r.r u au 6di n n : o u

= IOIIOUflOU = 18 +2 = 20 tnTU?AtO{D = 2O+?_0 = 4O

.'. f,rgn-nuaifiarndufto.r n=
frn n. ftonfol
da r. a3-rau 16s2-finrso-n6ur e-
2 g g ilir#,I..ruau e -,oir A
= 2+ 8+8-l = 15 rfgit'fUtUfi?fltotr = 20
.'. tauounou
= t5 t6rU20 = t5 +?.0 = fS r.6lhj0ndo.r
f,o n. rrn x7+1g+re8
xr+1g1+e-
.'. n.6.1ondo.r
-+
do .r. n rri? u{ il a'{.r rr fi gneior t orn du*rirr 6n tilrft noo r r tir6nd,
o-anr r'laloran, uarttrier, 6u r,lrrr n
.'. r. fthiondor
Ug
)
n{ilil n. lras n. rfludorlrJdgndo.r

11. nou @

0]fl nrrfiu.rdrf,nf,rolJto.r rxrflun-rd 2 6

tlas re. rfl u n a'r.r.r u d t dH.r 6rti n n :
ou d o fi .r fi : c 6,u il a-{ {.r n n
n-a
=I
F, rfl u n a-r o, d I #hi., 6d nnco u f,,e fi z fi .r fi : c n-u fl a-{ {.r u
t
n= 2
tm wa i* r or r a-w r u I o o o lu rry#u fi ri r u r n n dr il n n' rdo fi n r : uJ6 uu
tJn-uila-{.t'lu
)
n{ilil IE z - IE o 6.riirirurnfi rJn

tL noil (D
 are-nr eotinrirrdm uar funa oulalntt-nuqa 139

n'Ifl ratoon8tnfuto{Inilcttn:ufi fu'lurrr:il:cnou riluri'ld

O ZnO CrzOr WOs

O=-2 O=4 O=4
/a=t2 Q1=*3 1f,I = *6

@ Moos Tio2 MnzOz

O=4 O=4 O=4
Mo=+6 Ti=+4 ffi=i7
@ Mnoz FeO CurO
O=4 O=-2 O=4
IVtn = +4 Fe=+2 Cu=+1

@ Krre(ctrr)c KzCrzOt KMnO+

N=-3 O=4 O=-2
Q= t2 l(=il K=+l
l(= *1 Cr=+6 ya=*7
Fe= +3

ftrfu MnOz, FeO, Cro finr:fiuqaroonfirnfunrnurnlr1rlou

l:i. f,ou o
t'rR tlti'lnr:asa'lu[d? qolilflfi'uo{fil:aualunna{

ield nracaludlutlltuqnn?ru3ou

hnd AB(s) + a+1g;+n+g) fiYrnllrufir?iua{sq+xkJ/mol

A+ 19; + B+ (g) + A+ (aq) + B+
(aq) find'llruiirfiuado{ -v kJ / mol
lmc
tlf,n{'i1 ta'llrurtanfirdolfi rirurnn'irtdlqrulcrn:#1r
)
n{ilU x>Y

14. noil o
L40 toasuuzr-arounfi raz* n. 3 4 s
- -
tuu?fl'n Noj iignrlnrsrhl fi.rd

+
a a

o
o

a
N o a
a

il:cnouc'ru 2 n-utvqi lrau t Orf,nnrouiihifinn-urs

ldoonf,rounrr 2 avnou;

ls. nou O
0'tR rrnr:iiqaud:6o
2C?,HtOH+fi2 6CO2+ tHzO ria
H HH ->
zH-C -C-C-O-H+9O=O 6O=C=O+ gH_O_H
ttt -+
H HH
ocld r n-w ru fi ds r l#ra r u n-u r c ar : nir du
= 2U(C- tD + 2(C - C)+ (C _ O) + (O _ rr)I + 9(O = q;
= 217(413) + 2(348)+ 35t + 4631 +9(498)
= +13,298 kf
uas m-w ru ii I Cr m n rr fi fi{ iltJ rs I or fl 6n flor qf
= 4Q(C=O))-E(2(o-rD)
= -12Q45) - t6(463)
= -16,348 kJ

urnrdr ila-r{rrrouJfrfiiurd
= +13,298-16,34E
= -3,050 kJ
J
n{uil rJfrfiiurdwnruilo'{{1ll
ry = L1?skJlmol
 itiilnt aciinriradgt uet itna ornarntinuqa l4l

16. noil (D

n'Ifl BeClz,BeHz 3rJitrflurdun:l

Coz, CSz Jrliruilurdun:l
BFr, BClr Jrliruilut'''t'do'u"tt'
cH+ Erliruflun:lfinrlr
P Clg 3rlirlrflufi:vfinJruerxmduu
clzo Jrliruflurlulo
wd fi u t rnu r nlilrlo uldq Cor 6o
ftriu rpr rf,u n

CSz>BCll>CHl>PClg

I.jl. Roll O

aa
N f,:rfinJruc',r*6r,
-aJ
NFt trtaqnut?
F \\ F
F

rdun:l
CSz S=C=S
Ilraqatifi'f,r
F
I
d'lurilduultilurlil
BFa

F
,z'\ F
luraqnhifi'fa

cl
f,:rfin{grurtlr,ndu,
I cl - a r-&
lutaqa luuta
PCI s cl P
CT
I

cl
 142 naaril?r-of,ounfi razu. n. 3 4 s
- -
18. nou (D

H
n:rttrrir
I
si Iuraqahifirfa
SiH4
H \ H
H

-2
F
I
n:quJnrflr
F
siF62- F si si iirJ:vpl
I
F
F

i; fir;fin;rurrurr6uu
NCl3
cl \ iig Tt*urs
ct
ct unu t qi6rtinn:oulnnrdua

19. noil O

0'tR rr:il:snoulaoofi nfinrrd.rgnzvra'rrlooouuanuns,lasouau

ft fi 1n
rn'anErn:'rrrrilrsnoulnramuei rsld p iiprdongrfi
qn
tms u fi u:.r6.rqnrcil?'r{Iuraqa 6o rfu rc,l sln:rtu
o fi ur6rgn:srdr luraqa 6o u:.riilrqn:vra'xtta
ur fi u:r6.rgn:cil?'Nluraqa no ur.iaounoil
a
n{ilu nuFu.rdrn'upr6onnrnErhln:inop > N>o>M
 Bte-nt aoi:inrfradffi uas'ifona oulntntt-nuqa 143

20. Rou @
0'lR

H-o
l[6ls HzCOr C=O
H-d
drriu rlutsnrululuaqafio riutclnnraud
uavtt:l6sqn:cil'iNlurnqa 6o Yflutvlaln:ttu

21. nou (D

hvrd rrr:rfinudlil:snoudaunr{uou 29 ounoil sioar: t luraqa

0s'[d ar:il:snou t lua finr{uouutin = 29 x 2 niu

hnd arril:gnoufinr{uoufinrflu so'sz * lnuuea

rclfi 80.87 % 10{ MW 29 xl2

lN r29rl2
tm:% no{r MW E7
430.3

ftriu taalumqaruor,l'd 430.3

?:2. f,ou o
hvrd *flrrffi nndsfi lorhr1u s {dr u uavfi naruiurilu x ill l u'ln''fl

rdorirSl*ricfi iliurn : uav qo,'r qfi n lfi fi naru n'u tilu v u:: urnra

nc'lfi neruiuufrA*naruiulorir = x lt::ulfl'lfl

tmu
sd-
fi?lilngttflfl =y u:lU'Ifl'lfl

rutnvir naruiulsrir = x-Y u:5u1fl1fl

 144 naaguzf,arounfi rozu. n. 3 4 s
- -
t'tR gnrufrnqnunf, pv = nRT

ll= [r)"
\RT/
tcld r"ruaufua n c prdov,rr.ii
tusnvir n"ruzulunlorir , r'ruaulrnufariudu (x_y):
= x
ntriu rruri:uluaro.rrhluuflr#od, = x-y
x

2s. nou CD

o'rR trrnrriiqauf,r fo
Na2CO3 + Ca(OII)z 2NaOH + CaCOg
Iond tfrld Nazcor 1tn0 niu
rsld drurulm Nazcos iil# =
1000
9,434
2(23)+12+3(16) =
0'tR
)
r'ruauluaNaoH iild = 2x9.434 = rt.t7
n{uil oclCNaoH = 18.g7 x (23 + t7 + r) = 755 nir

A. nou CD

0'tR
ffcr fi dru'rup* = drualue- = l7
druau no= 35- 17 = lg
::udruruounmunlu = t7+17+tg
= 52

tms
?4o ddruzup* = r'ru.rtAe- l7 =
dru:uno =37-17 =fi
f2llt"lll2llounm{ntlu = 17 + 17 +29 = 54
 3to-nt aotinrirr6st uac ftna oulntntt-nuqa 145

ltnd rrficnafiuq2 ii cl-35 75% Ltcts cl-37 25%

r;1# ctz lfun fi ct-gs o'z5lua rng cl-37 0'25lln
ftriu rtfrinnoiu (clz) I lla fiorlnrn{nJu:lll

= 2(0 lt 5 x 52 + 0'25x 54)x 6'U2x1023

= 105x6.02x1023
25. nou @

t1fl ,tro'udqu,rd:6o
o
2NO+Oz 4 2l'[Oz e
3NOz+HzO 2HNO3+NO o
lm3 dudurrfrr NHs 52.125 niu

tclfi ,u'ruaulunto{NH3 = #14+3 =3'065

85
frurulmto{ No ,413.066
100 4
= 2-ffi
,f,ruruluato{ Noz Lr?r2.ffi = 2.t63
100 2

,iruruluatoit HNo3 =
fr ,2 12.163 = l.?55
100 3

L255 x (1 + 14 + 3(16)) = 79 niu

ftriu rs6n HNor du =

2fr. f,olt @

01R {[nr ATr Krm

UAU ATT 5.45 - 3.55

1.90'c
lvIW tol CzHzfu 2(r2)+ 2(1) + 4(3s.5)
168
7.2r'.1168
m
115.3/1000
0.374 mol/kg
 146 rsasuszdorsunfi razu. n. 3 4 s
- -
nsld 1.90 Kr(0.374)

J
K1 5.08'C/m
= 5.0g "c/m
n,{ilu rirnrfirorlnrdonu{.rluuan{o{uuu0u

n. noil @

1# u2ano{fl't, x A nit
raato.rtrutnrdu 5e' niu
n1fl gn, ATr Krm o
ltac K1 6.9 "clm
ATr 3'c
raalurnqaf,lr x MW

m
A/IWW
5A/1000
2N
mol/kg
M*
ocld 6.91
2N
3 (unurirlu O)
Ivfw
Ivfw 4ffi
t
n{uil uaalumqn{a{fl.rr x- 460

2e nou CD

o'rR aunrriiqnudz noo

Cs Hrz+ 8Oz 5 COz + 6HzO

Ionti rtudufirnurnu -+ nir
99.9 uas o299.96n: fi srp
rcld r'ruauhato{ cs Hrz = s(12)+12(t)
, .?.r: = t.3g
=
t'ruauluato{Oz = ry
22.4
= 4.46
 ito-nt aoirilnrlradm uat fuile ornalntinuqa l{l
l'39 4'6' 1.39:0.55E 1g'iri''l1rununl
ttnc TtT =
urnvir ,t',tdti',nutrjiursr 6s oz
9x4.46x(2(1)+16) = 60'2 nfu
ftriu rnur:omtuuirld =

?ft. noil (D

hnti dr:acarufi NH3 30 go Inurhrarin lrhurin

tsld flltnealu roo niu ii NH' = m niu

fi Hro = loo-30 = Toniu
1rn:
3
rtrfu?$un-adauuflrr Ntt, oc'h?rrrtnsu1 odfi
hnd rirrj? 105 cm

n'lrtrurtniil o.9o g I cnr3

rmu neruuurttrirnuotllnilrTu t g t cm?

rclfi ti't tos cm3 urin tos niu

rms rir'lurrr:acfl.lu105nit fiNgrurin = 4x105 = 45 niu

uanvir :aurirr,trinto{d1:acn1s = 105 + 45 = tso niu

ftriu rj?urn:rolrrl:asa1u =# = r66.6t cmt

30. nou cD

fl'Ensnlu NaCl 0.2 M fll:acalu NaCl

3fi) cm3 10(X) cm3
 14t roasuszu'araumfi rozn. n. 3 - 4 - s

orngrJ r"ruaufua = n = CV = O.rr# = 0.06

d.r#u #ruu-ntorNact riourfiufl = 0.06x (23+35.5)= 3.5r nir
l- 3o
drrfnror Nacl ra-rr6uf1 = 3.51, = 1.05 niu

31. nou @
hyrd urrirnfliaarun-alcaaolrdlooou rrnrfurirAgNo3urnrfiumnrlil
rrldnsnouul?ilil-fl O. toOO nil
tcld ncRoilr.r? n'o Agctls; = ffi = O.fi)il2lla
t'|fl eg+1a0+Ct-1a4 AgC(s)
tcld druaulunta{ Ct- =-+
fiuauluata.r AgCI = O.fi)il2
o'tR t llarolCrdrsclsfi ct s lla
rsld wldlh?rfnlo{ c rdrccrs = 1x0.001 t2x(14(12)+9(1)+5(35.5))

= O.Ug+t niu
nlrfu uJofrfiudtorddfilurrrrn-aodm
= \5e%
3L nou @
0'tfl runr:fiqaudz n'o

Cs HzCOOH+CzHsOH Ca HzCOOC 2H5+H2O

rsld r'ruauTuato{ c3 HzcooH-+ t0
4(12)+7Q)+2(16)+t = 0.ll
=

tluaulrato{ c z H5 oH = 3.14
0.06t3
2(12)+6(t)+16 =
 3te-nt aotinrlredst uas !-uila ournrntinuqe 149

utnvir cz Hsou tilum:druuniliurst

lunu rhurintol cr Hzcoocz ns iirirtcld
= 0.06E3 x (6(12) + 12(1) +2(16))

= 7.92 ttitt
53 ,169 66.92
ftriu naldgouas = 7.92 =

f,). noil @

O urfruruttatm clz
'ttnd i n"CColnr:lduffcnafiurj?trn: 300mr. Rtlilill 608mmHg

une P! = nRT
tcld (*r-)(*,,*) = rXo.o82x Q7+273)
n = 0.fl)974
urtnl'ir drurullnto{ cl2 = o'ooEl+
C urdrnou

ftrtu tcdosldl\,Iooz(s) = o.wl4x 87 = o'gs niil

Y. nou @

'hnd uficnmnj:cnou#au He 1.00 niu, co 14'0 niu' rtau No to's niu

,firurullato{ He =
l'P = o.X
nsld 4
,iruauluatolco =+
12+16
= o'50

1'ruaultnto{NO =Y
14+16
= 0.35

utrnlir ,f,rueulun:rutolufrtr = 0.25+ 0.50 + 0'35 = 1'10lua

 150 rcasuuzf,ataurafi lazil. n. 3 4 s
- -
frnt
l PV = 1f,1
P(2) = (1.10X0.082)(Zt +273)
P = 13.5 Urrulnlfl
o!
)
n{ilu n2lun-ilrtu = 13.5 urru.tRtfl

35. nou @

0'|fl aunr:fiqnuda fio

Zn(s) + 2HC(aO +T_nCtz(eO + Hz
G)
Itag rtudul#f.r nsd a.s+niru rftrJq-ffi urriu ucr 0. I0 M
isld o"'ruaufuaro{Zn(s) = ffi = o.r
druauluato{ Hcl = 2 rrirtsltruaultato{ Zn(s)
= 2(0.1)
= 0.2
oluauluaro{ Hz = o"ruaulua{o{ Zn(s)
a
= 0.1
qs
n{ilu dall# Hct o.t M = 02 = 2dm3
ad
lRnltRfiHz = 22.4x0.1 2.V+ dm3
=

36. nau @

01R trrnrdiqnud.r R'o

TiO2 + 2Cl2+C Ti Cta + COz

TiCl+ +XH2 Ti +4HCl
Ionti l#rioz z.+niu -r
tsI# ,fiurulunroir Hz
= zrffi = o.o6
)
n{ilu dorlduzil?rrnr = 0.06 x22.4 t.3446nrfisrp
=
 ire-nt eoi:inriradst uac ifona ournrntinuqa 151

37. nOil (D

t'lR cunr:fiqatrdr 6a
2IvInOz + 4KOH +O2 1 2KzMnO+ +2HzO

3K z I{nO + + 4CO z + 2H zO+ 2KMnO 1 + 4KIICOT + MnO z

uR tYurj:cfi nfto{ K z Mno n dosnirtiunJlf, olcunr:

419
0{n 6MnOz+ 12KOH +3Oz 4 6KzI\[nOr +6HzO

6KzMnOr+.8COz+4HzO+4KI\[nO1+SKHCOg+2l\ftrOz
hnd dsrnr: KIvInor l(n niu

ruld ,iruauluailo{oz =
lrrr#(ro = 0.4747

ftriu dolldozrrin =o-4747x2x16 = 15'2niu

3E. f,ou @

Ipnd 'l#flr:ncarugfiurf,ldu I mol / dm3 250 cm3

tcld ,iruruluagfiu = r'ffi = 0.25

t'lR (NII, z CO (s) + 3CuO (s) + Nz G) + ZHzO (l) + CO z G) +3cu(s)

rulfi ,f,ru.lulmro{ufffl = 2tYirtoq'l"ruauluagfig = 0.50

)
n{uil rj?urn:ufrar?rfi srP = 0.5 x 22.4 = 11'2 dm3

3!0. noil @

t1fl C eH rs 1.0 kg f iruaulunosnoiltlo{ c

10fi)x8 8000
t(12)+18 tl4
lfi fr coz r6ndu x 6lnni, ld.ir fi co rfindu 2.5 -x filanYu
1000x 10fi)x
tcld lu cozfi'l'ril?ulunosoortla{ '-- 12+2(16)
= 4
"
1000(2.s -x)
'[u co fi,iru, ullaouf,olltloit c = 28
152 roasuuzu-eiaunfi rozr. n. 3 - 4 - s

nlR ,r'ruaulunocnou{o.rcrioumrunsrdwrdsltdrn-u

ts'l# .1000* , 1000(2.5-x) 8mO

4 28 =
tt4
x .2.5-x I
22 t4 = 57
x = 1.47
urnvir fi co, rfindu r.+z fiInnil
ftriu uJoirfiuitorcozluufrrnru = 1.47
= 58.8
2.5
-x!fi)
fi. noil @

t'rR t llntol Na2 o il:snaud,lu Na+ 2 lua uas o2- t lun

ntriu lu Na2 o s7.s niu wii
t'ru:uorlarfl Na+ = ,rffix6.U2xt}B
= 1.89x102
druauoqnra 02- = ,=x6.02x1023 = 9.45rt023
=T=.5
2(23)+16
 itiilnt aotfnr[redst uac itna ourarntinuqa 153

ruu?{odoil tnfi do?u. lnii o

r{rn outd a
uf, snd rn ouiiq ndol itqn rn' u I u
o
as2 3dt
tlrtrq g tisfintflu
1. !1q A finr:f,nfiul6rdnnrourflurruurduafiu [Ar]
A llau!1q s tilulol$urf
lsooudlfi rJ:;1 +2 rsfi 6ruau6rfi nn:ounirtiumq
fi,iurufienaoounirrYu OO ournn:ru'ir#qrYnuoifi'lrnduf
riu,q C dltrq C

no{!1q s 6odo1n

oBn
o*s
o#s
o 13,
-J
m{!Tl A' x' Y' z ltas M R{U
2. rirnundrndllrulooolurtfu (ev) drduirq

tr4 E3 E4 IE5 q El F4 B
!Tl IEr

A 5 76 122
392 490
x t1 24 48 65
138 7fi t70
54 77 113
Y t4 35
1,100
z 63 w ll4 157 185 954
17 36
40 54 69 99 115 353 M
M 13 24

dolnqndor
@ turnosnorx >Y > z
@ e rmc x rilulaus tiru v $avzrfluolailc
n
@ trq z trqlnllunr:rl :eutiuldtrr:rJ:cnoulooofi
@ trq z trqlnllunr:rl :autiulddr:rJ:cnoulntamuC
 154 reaauuzr'orounn rozs. n. 3 _ _
4 s

3. dslnii*anm',r,n"rdursrrirlaaorurrf,udriuii
r ldgndo.r
@su<As<p<s<ct
@p<As<sb<s<cl
GDcI<sb<p<As<s
@sb<As<s<p<cl
4. drrun rnroEnourourq n-rd

!1ql ra{osnou
w t6
x t9
Y 35
z 38
,',qfi'fi6,6n Inrrunrfiiiigrdqn
uasrosouiifi turnrtindqn nrrdrn-u
fiof,arn
@y,x*
@w, wL
@x x*
@x,r
t. Iailcuilrufifuludolnfi n:ruunnf r{ro{rarooR'rn#,rrndqn
(D uror, KMno4
@ Mno2, K2IVtnoa
@ K2(x2o7, K2CrOa
@ tcucrnrr)+lCt2, CuSoa.5H2o

6. tfirrq x lras y fimrocno u vr uas30

nrudm-u udarurorurra, nrq
x ,,ac y ii
dru au 6rf, na rsu6 uzflirln
nrra'r6,u
(D4,0
@2,o
@o,o
@6,0
 ltiilnt aotiilnriradut uat itrra curntn:t-nuqa 155

7. dr:il:cnsulooofinriinrailfirrq x rau v rfluo.rrir1rrourdo Lr rflulailc

M,
+4 uas -l
r{ z riru x tlau y rrhuiulclnraraudlRu x ffic Y fitntoonfirnfu
nrudriu qn:mfi toltr:il:snoud duttittfl 'lilld
O Ivt(4Y
@ Mxf5
@ M2xY5
@ M2XYa
lnu
E. tlurrdwrutoulfr ffi urnrrrfin Hr trnlaucaffi uu$ng[frtrr{qa6u
mol' udwrulooolurqfu
rirrun'hinn'llrunr:rcrfi ntollm E Li = +16I kJ /
ririuii 1 {o{ Li = *52okJ / mol, la-wrufidoll#tarun-utvtolr{qoo?unirriu
rnol, tdllrudut::nnrn6rf,nn:ouflo{t F
nrut6'slrilooflul 32E kJ /mol
159 kJ /
1'047 kJ / mol
uastdllruln:$rlndnRrutdwruoofllll
(D nruta't{1u 535.0kJ /mol

@ nruna'l{1il 614.5 kJ /mol

@ qnta-wlu 535.0kr/mol

@ Rtutn-{{lu 614.5 kJ/mol

9. fitr:otmr: rncloosuiolrjd
NB so3- Pcls clo4 sc12 Not
ItrItrIVVI
fl :uaslooounolnfi qi6rdnn:oulnntaua:rurlnocnolnirrlue{ruiioutiu
(DI, I
@ v, vI
GD tr, TV

@ firirnoufiqndolurnn'ir t do
 156 roauus?u-arounfi tazu. n. 3 4 s
- -
l#doryaiohJdlunrrnoudrorudo t0 r I
-
rir r u n tfi n t o I tt"u t g t ta s rt n'w tu tt-u t v
ft d

rfiRtolil-utc iln-.t{'tu Tt-il ts (kJ / mol)

C-C 348
C=C 614
C=C 839
c-H 413
O=O 498
o-H 63
10' drhliirnu a nil nirJiiffiurftoonf,ru o+ nir wldnarulo u347u rirnf,.wru
il-ills C = O fid tf l mol (U2oounaUta{ l2,H = l, O = 16)
C =
o 608.s
@ 6s1.5
(D 745.0
@ l,l43.o

11' olfi uldln-una-'r'rrufi lf,IilR'rtdarudrrilrcnoulalnrnrfuou

t nir asnrfl u
ocnou o.rRUr n}Ju rrlour o{ c2u6
c*Ic crH+ (a-a lnrf)
(U?AOgnOUtO{ C l2,H= l, O = 16)
=
(D CrH+ > CsH6 >
c2II6
@ Czlk > CrH+ > Crtk
@ CgHa > CrIIo > CzIk
@ C2Ik > CaIIo > CrH+

12. dolniotrjdhib?flrragaruu-rlu{of
@ NH+CI+NH3
@ CHgCOOH + NaCl
CD NaIICO3 +Na2CO3
(D HCN+KCN
 fudnr aotinrlradffi uas fuila outnrntt-nuqa 157

13. cr:ilrsnourfi nmduorfi nriariluufraiifi qn: N(co) . drufrriuruuniriru

*dr * fi
ldri,fl u l.l ui rtol trfrad n ruldrrnl?squil .iiua sn aruiurd uarTu
rirrrirln (u?aosnoilno{ c =12,H= 1, Ni = 58'7' o = 16)

o1
@2
@3
@4

14. 'lunr:nnnoldolalfiinonirnfi rl nldrrdorirttunmrduu in tg'Zniu ncarulu

0'21'c
dedrncarurfi nradl too ni1 rhrnq'ir1n#lontowtr:uru',o,Crd,
drrirruuf,u t9.5 nilosnrului'rrf,rurulod tOO nilnirt6u flr:ncnruiil#tcfi

priion rdr dufi or artryn tfi utt

7t )
lurnlurnqnlo{ uuilll.tfi1 = 128 rras UaAlUtnqnilo{llluf,u =

o 0.07
@ 0.14
@ 0.21
@ 0.35

M1'ruru 25.fl) cm3 urlntn: n riudllnua1u

15. rlurlurirm: agnlu I{II4OH 0. 1 20

n-rotit ncr l#doqaftd

)l
UA
fl'Eiln60{flt{11 il?urn: ncr dttltt t*"1
1 29.95
2 30.00
3 30.05

nq hlrf,us ts'oo "# rr:asarudldtcfi Pn nirln

thrflrnr:nnuu.o9ofi + uir6l
(Kb no{ I{II4OH = 1.8 x 10-s,log 3 = O'4771ua; log 1'3 = 0'2533)
o 4.75
@ 4.52
cD 9.2s

@ 9.48
 15E reaaus?u'arsunfi rozu. n. 3 4 s
- -
16. lu nr : ilnu rr{ o { o-n c r n r : rfi n rJ ffi ur t ffi
fr a.r rJ
fr ur : c il ?'r r ar r nt du g ar : nl il fr fi ? ur
A+28 +2C + 4D
nlflRrrilnao{ilrdrruiorilduunarurflrldumrrr:ner#uo-n:rnr:rfi
nrJfr fi ?urorfi rir
rrJ6 uuurJar tJdau n-rufl ns'lun r:r.r

n'rrurf,if,uriudu <rrl a-n:rnrzrfiRrJ6'fiiur

A B c (M'5
0.1 0.1 0.1 2.0
0.2 0.1 0.1 4.0
o.2 0.2 0.1 16.0
0.2 0.2 0.2 r6.0

doalrJludolnio trJd g nCor

@ Rate = k [A] [B]2
@ uriaurarrir t m.rrJq'fiiurd R.o lv[-3r-r
CD ar: c'lrifin:rurfiuef,arlurJfrfi?urd
@ o-n:rRrlr"uto.rrtr o orr.,odrrdoraardrutJ

17. n'rr:arrfr uqarnfi rJq^ffi urrafi totrlfr ffi ur gio lild

ila-{.r'nrlo.rnlr#.rril, x uas y rlsundrila-{{.rilTo.r

zuasw olizoo u
tfi rirnf,'r'rrurion-uuiudllolrJiifi iurdilauno-urrirflu530krra-wrurioriuriueiror

rJ6'fi iurhJdr.rrrft fi riruirlnrncfi

nr:uJ6uu*rjnwdwruuuuln
@ 27okJ Rrunarulau
@ nou gnn:rtfou
@ Tntl nrunarufou
@ TeoH gnnaru$ou
 ite-n: aotinrlrrdst uat itna ournrntinuqa 159

lE. trnrlfrffiufinonCireunr:
aKIUnOa +bKcl + cHzSO+ + dMnsoa+ eK2SOa+ fllzo + gcl2

a+b+c+d+e+ f + g iifirrdrln

o28
@v
@36
@39
or. qonalfi
19. drnarurdldutorfi areofln:runfi asnruo{1urhrul#cr:nsnrudun-'l
mol gdrrirnlfirruqa
udlfirirgirtiu x mol dm-3 ttactil6onoqr{1fi|1inunruo{ v
Rlracnlutolfinreofln: runnfi drnirln

*3
o
v

@x3
@ 4x3
3
4x
@
y-x
1 6n: ldrrflA
zfr. nrtirunr{uoudruuflrssnf,rtu,iru2u 2 lua lunrrucitn{illn
nrfuoulnoon.ludftarnr c(s) + ozG) +
co2G) firrnra;ruqarfin coz
mu 02 wirr6u
* Iua drrf,rnr:nnuuo#',dqr,1firduatiu Inul#nldrunirr6,
CO2 v lua
udnnil?trnt{o{R1'ruuaqr6onilradlfi dnrrcfruqaw6n
ud,r * tl6u y dlriuftiuotirll:
(Dy=2x
@y=x
@y=;
@v=G'
 160 rgauuuzu'af,aunn' rszu. l. 3 - 4 - s
2Lrularirufrrluln:ttuuauan'l.rdrrrf rrJfr ffi urriuufrrrnaoiunilrildufrtr
lu In:finnaolri rNoct) tYrnarurdudu ra.rufrrlulnronnaol:drduduCau
o'n:r o.ogo mor L-l s-l udro-n:rnr:rruriltsrufianatitu
s. daqznrrauariu
dl tc
un'llItltn

@ 0.010 Ms -l
@ 0.015 Ms -t
@ 0.030 Ms-r
@ 0.045 Ms-l

22. unrJiiffiurrcildr.rflrrA *as g rfinrfluarr c n-{fiunr:fiqa*da

n-rd

B(g)
=: 3C(s)
2A(s) + Kc = t0
0irlf'ri"'rll2uluator gfiflnrzcfruqnluarnrsflnwrn
o.g r dfi c oSio.zs niu
o 0.3
@ z.a
@ 0.03
@ 0.u26

23,. rirn.riirtqatauJiifiiur Hz(g + sG) Hzs(e) fiqorrql-rurlfiriruirnTu

=
4.o x toa rirn.rfi rruqatouJq'fi?ard*nucaua,nrriahjdfi
rirrrirln

itrt rcl
=i irrr*iro,
(D t.O x l0-3
@ o.2
@ 62s.0
@ 5.0
 Iro-nt aotrinrfta6ut uac itna ouutntt-nuqa 161

A. drtr:asarutolturttiouffinudlrdudu O.tO mol Lll finmurdu{utol HaO+

girtiu 1.0 x 10-11 nA udr K5ro{rufiriurdfirilnilln ttn;Raurdu{utol Orf
rflunirln
O = 1.0 x 1o-5, tolfl
Itr5 = 1.0 x 10-2 M
@ Kb = 1.0 x 10-5, toil = 1.0 x 10-3 M
CD Ifu = 1.0 x 1o{, toil = 1.0 x 1o-2 M
(D Kb = 1.0 x 10{, toil = 1.0 x 1o-3 M
O2/+5 M
?,5.'lunr:rsrfiunrnC?Ulua drdolnr:AclfiuCrtnsalufl :noonqrinrdldu
il?urn : 20.00 mL l#no6 tccol'l#ar:il :c noulqtd urll sn:
onlrydrdldu 0.610 M
io oo
ililttRtnuaaan:
riruunbl n:noonryra'nfirir r", = 5'9 x 10-2 ' Kaz = 6'4 x 10-5

uarfiqn:Int{flE1{ iluam

HO o
o OH

(D 8.03
@ 16.07
(D 18.20
@ 32.03

2fi . fi.r: nunlufl :nuouslil: fi nffi nradlrdldu N % laauta fi nzruturmiu

l.U2 e"m-3 filralulnqa 36.5 rJ?lrn: 10 cm3 tvfi pH nirln

(Ka to{h:Rdfitilnilti, l-42 x10{ unc log 4 = 0'60)

@ 2.N
@ 3.,()
@ +.no
@ s.lm
 162 rnaauszu'af,ounfi roru. n. 3 - 4 s
-
2il. nvatrftnrr?"n pH uo.rfi'rrasarunauc.lu pH merer yrua'rrirfitirulccirn?'r
-
narurfl uri.rogi o. r rriau Inutrrraca.,orsudrJrrnaucau
cH3cooH rf,uf,u
0.10 M ilErrn:2o.oo mL ms ca(otD2 0.05 tvr rjiurn:30.00 mL
rrrruJsfrfiudnarnarmoduunoorir pH dlco.,norrtiru pn - meter
rirruntf rog 2=0.30
(D 0.5
@ 0.6
CD 0.7
@ 0.8

zt. fl1raca'ruR:nurirouohJrn'n pH 4 il?urn: 4o.00

=
3
cm rdorirurlnrn:nrin
f,lrasalurua[dlrjn:rilrfin pH = 12 il?urn, 10.00 cm
3
ila-{i.rnilrisuhln:n*ns
rurrirrJfifi?urniurrpaiuda rr:nsarrrrrrdfi ,i., pH mrln duorr,,urrurrir
rlfrffiurn-uudliondr rirnuab?tog 1.92 g.2g
=
o 7.00
@ 9.72
@ 10.00
@ t1.28

29. n'rr:orrilq'fiiur:sra'rrlryrduulnlofarvrln uasar:nsaru

t2 nua,rtfil#I.1fiuu
ln Isfnu'ln nrin r t o niu osm"r Jfr fii ur n o6 riu t2
nin zs+ niurirhlrfi
ra n ar
I mol nncrfin NaI iln"R 300 nir gnlnfiro{ A unsrnrooflirnfutor
s luarrd
n:rriudolniotrJdriruunhT'looouto.rlnlofau,rn6tas2or2-
(u2aognoUto{ I =127, Na 23, O 16,
= = S = 32)
(D SaO5, rntsanfirnf,utsl
S = +3
@ s2os, tntoonfrtn#uto.t s = +g
CD S2e, ratsonf,rn#utal S = +3
@ Na2SaO6, tatoonfitnfitto.t S +2.5
=
 3to-nt aotrinrilrdst uat iuna ourntn:t-nuqa 163

30. fltrtotrttnunrnrsnd'tr'lf,rrnii iolild

o

A(s) lA3+(aO ll s21rd lsCl E =1.12 Y

o

ntsl lslad ll ctrql lct.l E =0.54 Y

rdoisn?*qnde(r) | a3tae) rYunisrqndc(s) I ctad tcldd dlandrra,
rryn dt{ r{rrn fi d'tdril u rra rirfi nln

Joa
(D -1.66v, lornafla?lufl
lsa
@ 4.58v, totraafla?1un
Jv-
GD 1.66v, tflaafla?lufl
lva
(D 0.58V, t$Anfla?lllR

nldrrri
31. llfl A fi rnrosnot t5 6ur:orfinflr:il:cnourYurqlaln:tulCunrorfi
AII-, AIIg *6s enf *aoiilnurln:ltfirl n u'iquriunr,ttrd, nru driu
doepJiotld dulnnodo{t
Ctiul aln : ttuortli rilulJ
fl . a rfluolnn vo {lunrufi I rdorinn-ut;In rarau

nlu Rqoon tnn rf, rbirprn-u t ciiil ar urir

gln : ttu'f, ruau6rfi nn: ourilutjnlun 0
n. e rituolarac rfinriurclnraraudtiu'l
ooRtnn
<a ,do,6arr,uncln
u,qluu ,.r{ Se rdorhn rr'urr lnrrrnudtiul aln: rtuldtt.,rdfiilrr1
R. e rfl

higirtiu mmonfinfut o{ A'ludr:il:cnourf,iarl6ltinirriu

IU J
(D n. tnruu
)
@ t. tnruu
aq

IU )
CD n. uas R. rlt'luu
IU J
@ t. uaa R. Iil1UU
 L64 toasuu2r-af,ounfi aazu. n. 3 4 s
- -
32' lunr:nirJiifiiuriinondrcildr{IrurilarfiuuuJofur{fl Tununsn:nlalnrnnain
nuz'rtft l#ITlttnrtfi outilof trulnrtuatg.TsnYrnirJq'fi
iurR-ufl lrnsn.ru1rn
leln :naornrduflu r.s M il?urnr r,000 mL rac?,niliurnrufranntitudrfi
ndu tc
rdrn"u2t.ilniu*it:nralcf ouacrorrfrrnaoiiulurJq-fi ?urd,ilurrirln
lbluznovnoura{ ct = 35.5;
o 92.s
@ 95.0
@ 97.s
@ 100.0

33. n r:nrc luilu'r fi rJ?rr n: dm3 u: r 1ufran r{uou ln aon

0. E5
lsdfi n?run-u r.u afrn
uavgo'rqu'gg'cr,rsrn'ufl 1rnsn'ru6rfi uulanrsnlsdrjiurn:rlouurna.rhJlu
o'r-rd drnarun'uta*rfrsnrfuoulnaonlrcana*rf,orfiar
o.so atn'da
rJfi ffi uritrfi ndunrulun,usdrcrfi nrr.,riildlrirhdnir aulfi a'rgaruqiin$inaon
lrirn$ito*rfrr n = 0.0t2 L.ah.mol-r.K-, *as raafumqnro{ Li2co3
= f4)
@ r.r
@ z.t
@ s.r
@ 4.1
y. rrrilrrnoulooofi nru{*rr;noucaunasl:claooun-uInrsfi lrin:rurfi
n:rfi
n
,duuru',rnr:n'aod*tarsr:il:snard o.goao niururir
wldarracararr
*torn'ufi 'rr'cnruf,nraofl urnrnurnrfi
uno nr,lus.,ruru.,rd drrudrGnnsnou
fi araafnao bd l2onnfir u#arJiurar
fouaslnuu?ailo{Raor:cruarrrjrcnoud
fi rirrrirln (drru nlfl rr:ilrsnouloosfi ndriuar:asaruf,anofrurn:nnirJfr
fi? ur
riuuuuru{lioru{l tlns u?aosnouta{ Ag l0g,
= CI = !5.5;
o35
@37
@3e
@41
 iina ournlntinuqa 165
ire-nt ao?inrlrr6ffi uau

ffi odu xn3 rfinrlfr ffi ur

35. nrntiouhin:ruyiin ruufidrrflun:n HA rdorirurrlrilfi
NHI +A- nu'irrlfiffiurudrrtrh rfinldandr
ntrlnr: rrA+NH3 @) --
rl fi ffi urdounduurnl flor:sndorrplei olild
R. Ka{O{HA>K8tOl xtt}
r. nn rtlu{n:n{o{ A- tt6e NH3
t H3Ot ]
o.'luar:asargfl 6l1tlo{RtnuastlJdf,{ncirr nagornerurdudulo{
f,u t ou- I &nrfirirnirdu K*

fidodpliigndsrfido

o0 flrifidoiiqneior)
@t
@2
@3
1.0 mol dm-3 Gurn:
36. lunr:lnm:itnond Inunr:1#dr:acn1u Ce+ rdldu
drrdofulnqn'tiru
40 c# gnln'r:n#aufl1:nun1u S;z+ tf,udu 2.0 rnol Om-3
drra'uoonitnfu
rjilrn:ld 10 c# udatntoonf,rn#uqnrfiutol Ce firirnirln
qnrtrutol sn 6o ++

o0
@+1
@+2
@+3

37. ar:acaruludolnfiPH = 2'o

*] unr log 10 - = m)
(riruunl# pfr = -log [HeO

o 2.0 M Hcl
@ 2.O M NHr
@ 0.01M HBr
@ 0.01M CHaCOOH
 166 roaeuszf,aeaunfi eazu. n. 3 4 _ s
-
3t. rrnrrdalnio}Jdriluaunr:rnfi uan.rrJfi fiiurinond
(D NazCOr (aq) + 2 HCI(aq)
-) 2 NaC(aq) + HzCOg (aq)

@ 2rvre(s) +ozB) -) 2MgO(s)

(D PbNq)z (arD + 2Nal(aq) ) pbl2 (a,q) + 2NatlOr (aq)
@ Ag. (aq) + Cl- (a,q) -) fuC(s)
39. tfi*flrluln:rnu (Nd *flasonftril (o, uac orfnou
1er; og,rurrnrucnarun-u
r urru'rR'rfr uarqorrlr' 25" c dalniohJdnrir4ncor
(U2AO&flOU{A{ Ar=40, N= 14 O = t6)
@ uflrorfnoufi narui:rofiunrfi qn
@ ufrnlulnrroufi RarrrururiuErfiqn
@ ufrrroanf,mufi nzrurirrndudrd gn
@ ufrrnt arrrfi niidn :rnrlrri rrirflu

fi -rr:lnn-nrfl uarrfi srrrr:orfinrJq'fi iurtaondrdtidqn

(D KOH
@ Nact
@ NaOH
@ KMnoa
 iro-nt aoiinrlredm uac itna ourmn:fnuqa ltrl

rnaud'lnoil

1.@ 2.o 3.@ 4. o 5. o

5.@ 7.@ 8.@ 9. (D 10. @

11. (D 12. @ 13. (D 14. @ 15. @

16. o 17. (D lE. @ 19. @ ?,0. @

21. @ 22. @ 23. @ A. @ 25. @

(D 30. @
26. o ?:1. @ 2E. @ 29.
32. @ 33. 34. @ 35. @
31. @ @

36. @ 37. o 3t. @ 39. o 40. @

 15E roeuur?r'Ef,oumfi razu. r. 3 4 s
- -
rnauodl{ast6ue
1. nau @

uu:6n + tq A finrrr-n6ur e-rfluuuu tArl 4s2 3dsunnm,r trq A

iit'rurU s-= 18 +2+5=25
+ 2l
iidru'lu e- =2lurnldr n fir.ruau e-
B
=?5.+2=2ilu&u6a 278
+ rlq c iir'ru:ufiantisou = 60 6o r'rueutJrnou + r'rueufim:ou
=fl)
* nB firnrumldruaulilrnou + o'ru:uu'2nrou) nirnTutrq c ryr:rs
rilu'lolmrf n-untusu27Bfi mtuanrm'rn-ueowlcf,qf,nuaifi
rrnfioi
to{!l? n 6o Sn

2. nou o
0'tfl rir r n"r r ru I o o a I u rryf,u 6o mt r ru d dar lilu nr r ni h? ; il Q
noon0 1 n
acn su ilt o l oas u'l u ro r u s ufltr ln u6fu c r r n r g n-u #u n n-r r ru d o g,u o n
qa (n urnfiqn)
osl# e -+ o{ntri I !ilr'rs re1 ir.rniu Iq ,rn I rurcn-u#n
ila-llruuoREn (valence 'rnru'rfirfiu{ "
electnon) rflulars
x + o{r{ 4 tilr.ts ma irlniu IE5 u1fl urn.nrfi 4 c lurcn-u#unn-wru
ilonqn (Valence electron) riluolazs
v -+ oSjr{ 6 lilr'rs E6 irrn-u IF, urn *rnmhfi
o c ru:ciu#unatrru
uonqn (Valence electron) rfluolailc
z -+ o{n{ 7 rflr'rs E7 irrn-u IEs ulfi urnrdrfi
7 c lursn-u#urn-rqru
ilon{n (Valence elechon) rfluolnilc
tvt-+ agh{ 7 ffi"tsma ir.rriu IEs ulfi
*rnrdrfi 7 c 1u:cn-u#una-wru
ilonqln (Valence electnon) rfl uolails
 ire-nt aoiinrira6gt uac furra ourarntirur;a 169

dr#u tillnocnor x> Y > z lndol

rrr:il:Enoutcil'irq ^a'
til x
an"uY
dr:il:cnou looofin
l'ilttz
af,lu
uitlr x, Y, z LLEtstu :utiu z I rq'ln1 tcldarttj:s n oulntrmu d

3. nou (D

t R',lll
st o{urj s ntu s
uur6n r,r{ 6 7

+ + + ls o{r,rrj 5 nrl 4
N o F 2
s o{r,rrl 6 nrr 3
P s ct e3
As <-4 P odr,r+is nru 3
sb es cr odnrj 7 nrl 3
rir rer fi *uallurCudu rrnd*drr, luu{l6 u'lflu rrasfi rruzlll
rfiudurrndrul1trrlunrurfiurtiu ui m1 tolr{ z ocfirirurnndru{
a

*nvn{ s urnndru{ 6 rdoltrnmqnnnr:flnfiul "-luoo{iir1n

ftd
+ f,tr:uru{ z niu ane = 1s2 *
1V @
rcdlu.irfi nr:flnrtul e
-..1t1t tulfiIled 1u::1du1 dlfinrrilra6u:lrnndr

rJnf, rlrhi m1 lln'l'ru{ a

* fitr:qrri s rir TN = 1s2 z? 2;

-
@@
nsriiu'irfi nt: t-n6 ul e llilil halffrlled

n'irrJnfi rfih?mr llndrn{ o

+nouO
 170 reasuuzf,aeaumfi razs. r. 3 4 s
- -
-- n-nrrar rnrr n-niliurdrfinnrou
ruil2fl-n i.rd
roW =2E 6
rcx =28 8 I
rsY =28 18 7
saz =2t 18 8 2

losouiiradur 6o
,.\ryt= 2 t I t utn X+. ,oUfr mrlslilrnoulrndu
ril(*=28E ] r,il'lnostiiRa{r

asf=),818 E xula 3a* < 35f tilrlslilrnoilu1n

,# = 2 8 tE 8 ) duturnrrrf,nnr
n-rrfu turnlasouiliulcirf,u 6o
rsf > 3s** r.r5vtr,dC
ia,
l,qfiIiril EN 0{q[ensag'uu1 uas 12.11 ,o{tn1r.tit!.tq
rdolornril EN fi
rdudurrnri^duuulur{rfiuaniuuasrndudurrndru}Jtar
'uehfu
luRrurduan-u dru'u rqfiiirir nx u{qn dl'srflu w rio y fild*ci
rftlflirrn:rudr rilu y6rnoun-ar6an
E01nn-?r6on s thifi w, x)
t. nou o
ltu2Rn
@ UnOz , O =-2
It[n = 4{
KI\[nOa O =-2
K=fl
IVtn = +7
mtoonfinfiJno{ It[n ttnnitryu =7 _4=3
@ UoO, O=-2
Il[n ={
K2I\[nOa O=-2
K=*1
IVln = +6
mtoon0rn#utoit l,In unnirlriu
= 6 _4 =2
 ?to-nt aoiinfrrdut uac ;itna ourarntfnuqa l7l
CD KzCrzoz O =-2
l(=+ I
Q1=+5
Y-zCrO+ O=-2
l(=*1
Cr= +6
m{oonfitnfutol cr rrnnirlflu =6 - 6=0

@ tcu(Nttr)+lclz Cl=-1
N=-3 mr3 firl:v1o
fl=*1 )
gtr=+2
CuSO+'5HzO O =-2 iil:cl- 2
fl=*1 H2o firl:r1 o, so?-
5=+6 )
Ct=+2
m{oon0mfil{o{ cu ttnnil{fiu =2-2=o

6. noil @

fitr:otrnrtt"nf;in c tol x
a
I[u?RR

2s. = 1s2 rp6lP# fin

2"2 2P6 rJ
Colrilu tsz zJ zp6 3s2 3Pu 4*' 3ds
lil:1c'i1 rt6u:n'ir

rdoltrnfinrrilr:I C ttuu half - firc0 lu d - orbitd

nl#u6lfiarfinn:outdue = 1 + 5 = 6

fltr:srnr:t'nfiul e- tol x
3oY = tsz zJ 296 3s2 196 +J 3d10

ao#rtla,f,nn:outdur =o

7 noil cD
m{oonfilnf1.no{ M 6o +Z (nr:rc!flulnilcil1i
2),X=4, Y =-1
01R
rilunnrlnrlt{r{r
urinnr: 6o na:.uto{ra{oonfitnf,uluar:rJ:snoufi
dorfirirnidu o
 172 l,rraaus?u'araunfi rezr n. 3 4 _ s
-
uac o roqY finaratmtoonfirn#u = +2+4{+4)+(-t)
= 17
@ I\D(Y5 fina:alratsanf,rn#u = +2+(+4)+6(-t) O
=
(D M2XY6
finarluratoonfirn#u = 2(+2)+ (+4) + 6(_t) 2
=
@ M2XYa finarzlratoonf,rn#u = 2(+2)+(+4) +4_t) 4
=
nfufu gnlnfidilrwriluhJrdtarrr:ilrsnurdfiu rvory6

& nou @

0'tfl Li(s)
-> L(g) AIII = +161 kJ
Li(g) -+ Li+(g) + C AlI2 = +520 kJ

)+<tt-+ F(e) aH3 = ]t*rrel u

F(g) +C -+ 1r G) AII+ = -32t kJ
Li*1g;+F(g -+ tiF(s) AlI5 = -1,U7 kl
rarrrunrr wlC

**n -+ LiF(s)
Li(s)+
J
n{ilu AfIr- = +161+ S10+
|<+t59)-328-t,O{t = {jt4.Skf /mol

9. nou (D

ii
I r{B '.{-/\ fi"- qilnnrdu2r?u roti
3P3 '. Fi

to
tr sog2- il
fi.- g'Innrdu2r?r
S.' 9 tl
o
,l
 173
ire-nt aotinr[rrdsr uac fuila ournlntt-ruqe

,clt
m PCrs ,g -
f< o:
cl'.
fi.- 1ilnnrdutu ts 1i
:q:

,ii
Iv I
fi {Innrdua:'ru e {
cloe
,(it \orO a
"-

s
fi 8 ti
V SCtz
../ \ :q j
"- {Inndu?:?lr
icJ.'

(.. .. ..1 -
YI NOt n fi {lnnrdu?t'ru 6 ti
[:.- -- 9.J "-

10. f,ou (D

n'lR uralumqntolfirnu (cu4) = 12t4(1) = 16

uaalntaqatolufrtoonfirtu (oil = 2(16) =
32

8 ^- -'
osld molggn =; = 0'5mol

rnolg, =#=2mol
rrxfll:Rttltrlluritol cn+ iio cII4 + 2o2 + co2
+ 2H2o
t'lR
tclfi 1 mol CII+ wrfirrJfiffiurnodtiu 2rrrrl 02
I mol 02 nruudllru 347 kJ
.'. 0.5 mol cn+ wdrilfifiiurYrodtiu

rgns'ir ctr+ rflurrr:druunil?u'lol rac 02

rms cII+ lmol wldiln'Nrunirflu 347Q) = 694tJ

H
01fl ,/h
HH
I

H
+ 2(O=O) -+ O =C=O +2
tN 'l:
Itflu td'wrutolrlfr ffi ur=fl Grl?ullo.rvrn'smud1#lunr:tarurl-urctJo{fl
1l}l6nriarqi
didr*fl n:?rro{Ttdtlruiildtlnnffi dil{riututlortff
174 naeuszr'af,eunfi razr.. n. 3 4 _ s
-
isld -347 x2 - 4(C-H)+2(O=O)-2(C=9y _2(2(O_H))
J
-347 x 2 = 4(413) +2(498) _ 2(e q _ 2eg6s))
n{uil ila-{{liltt-utcno{ C = O = 745 kI I mol

11. nou @

0'tfl u?alumqnm{ C2II6 =

6(t) = 30
2(12)+
Crtk =3(12)+6(t) =e
r)nn'.r.rruddo.rt#trorr"n'*,";*"1?t;il'l,orr?rauilrlc -l

H-
i'r-H -+ n{u

t-f
HH
2C+6H

taluuddo{l# = (c-c)+6(C-H)
= 34814(413) = 2,826kJlmot
u&ilfl'o cztktmol rts 30 nit doll#ra-w -tu2,E2tikJ

.'. CzIIo r niu doll#na-{{.tu

T = 94.2 k!
2) mluufidorlflunr:aalu c3rl5 t nir oonrflilornou rrrdn-rd
'\ F=Q/H .H
3C+6H
,{ \"/
/ \tt
H
nn"wrunida{ld = (C C) + (C
= -C) + 6(C_tD
ib a =614+34E+6(413)=!,!lgU/mol
u-ufro CgH6 I mol rto +zniudsrl#ra-l.r tu 3,ffik1
;. CrHc t nil doll#na-{{.tu ry = 81.9 kJ
3) n d'r'r r u d do.r 1 #lu nr : a au qH:tn iu nifl u o s n o u
oo r r rd i.r d
tdnhril

fl
H-C- C -t- H -+ 3C+4H
H
 i:e-nt eotinriredgt uffi itna onarntinuqa
175

nftmufidorl# = (c = c) + (c - c) +4(c - H)
= 839 +348t4(413) = 2,839kJ/mol
qo nil doll#nd-111il 2'839 kr
riu6o crII+ 1 mol uto

;.CrII+ t nil Coll#nn'llru = 7l'0 kJ

X
ftriu fiudrn'uuft'rruiids'r1#: czrlo > cat1 > CrII+

12. noil @
rYumaotol
udnnr: m:nsnruu-r{uloi rfl urrr:acarufi il:snoulrjdaun:ntiou
n:ndou mtorurttiouriumfiotolliltltiou
do@ NH+CI + NH3 tiluflr:acnrurir{u{of

NHI = tndotoqurrtiou NH3 = tllfldou

fio@ cH r cooH + Nacl hi r{turrr: as nruriY{rlsf

CHTCOOH = n:ndoil NaCl = tntlsnarl

fio@ NaIICOT + Naz COI rilutr:nsarurir'lrlo{
HCO] = n:ndoil CO?- = tndotoln:ntiou

fio@ HCN + ros

riturrtacarufi'llils{
HCN = n:ntiou CN- = tnfiotoln:ntiou

13. noil (D

01fl nqnr:uui
YNi(CO), Mcn
VCII4 MNi(co),

1 12+
3.3 5t.7+x(12+16)
I 16

@ ffi
-t
n{tuil x F 4

14. noil (D

01fl ![f,: AT5 = kum ; *6o nerurdlduluuriau luunn (mol/kg)

d:rfirncnrutfi nlfiuerYu wfi dr t 5 nirtiu
176 natuszr'of,oumfi raz$. n. 3 4 5
- -
* firriuuunurdu filratlrnqo = 128
( tg.zl '\
o.2t
"rl#l
\ /l,om)
o
* ihriuruufru u'lzntrltaQo = /g
( rg.st )
ATu *,1#l e
\ /tom)
eto:' 4Ib- ( tg.s Yrzexo.r\
[-t
o.2t \78x0.1./( te.z )
o

) ATu = 0.35 C
n{ilu pdontortrr:arnrurdudu o.as'c

15. nou (D

tu'r6n il?rrnrrndurol Hcl 29.5+ 30.fi)+30.05

= = 30c#
#uflurJirrrrd*.,1ri morrysngl lorncr no6
=
rrnrJq'ffiurRrrrsrn'u

MI4OH + HCI-+ NII4CI + H2O

unnm'r drl#Hcr rfin ts.m
"# 1ni.rru.{ra{ 30 c.3 ro61
nc dr 1# NHaon rir ffi ur hJ rf i u.r ni rto
nn rJ !i o rn rfi n rfl u rvrr4cl lu t E s ii
Hct gnnirJfiffiurrunnofi

tlnflnt pOH = pKU +r*ffi

I
rfiolorn Nrr3l - tM{4cI rflurir{rr{oi
ovld pOU = pKb = -log(1.g, tg-s)
= J-log 1.8
= J - 0.2533
a
= 4.7467
UU
n{ilu PH = 14-pOH
= 14-4.7467
= 9.2533
 Bro-nt notinrire6st uau itna oulalntinuqa 177

16. noil O
o1R Rate = He1PE1l1g1r

nr:nnrorfi I = kt0.1lPt0.1lq[0.ilr "'o

2.0
olrrrau.td 2 4.0 = t1o.z1P1o.qq[0.t]r "'e
nlrnrau.tfi 3 16.0 = t1o.z1P1o.z1qto'rlt "'o

olrr"mod 4 16.0 = kt0.2lpt0.2ll1o'2lr "'o

e/O; 2-O= 29-+ "'P=1

O/e; 4.0 = 2i s' "'q=2
O/O; 1.0 = 2t "'r=0
ftriu + rate (r) =->
klA]ltsl2tqo = klAIlBI2
* rarcfirariru rvrs
I wlCrri:u t6o rrl-3'-1 = r';1
c 1urlfi6?ur
+ fl1: c finarilr6ua{ol1urJfi6?urd'lu tn:rcdrilrnhifirrr:
fi rsticrur:orfinnanrisrqi ;io
ar: p'td rtuds dlt C fi tiauirulu
nr:rfirrlfr ffi ur riiuludnarur{uduto{tff1: c
tifi naiodn:rrt:lunr:
rfinrJfrfi?urtill'Ig r = ktAIFl2
+rdsranrdrutjnar,rdudurol*:nelduanalrf, r1#o'n:rnr:tCutolp
tcnna{

17. nou (D

ndllru Gr)

5:ntJ
Sl0+2dl
3Z+ 4\l =7lll IJ
?fiLl
X+2Y
nr:rirrfi uhl torrJ fr fiB
ur

= +?ffi 790kJ
rirna'slrurion'uriudtouJfiffiurhldrlnrlr =
530
ftriu
unvr.lfi fi?ur}Jdrunfirfi nr:nJ6 uuuilalun'lcruuuuqnnmulou
L7E roasgszr'af,eunfi aozr. n. 3 4 s
- -
lt. f,ou (D

-
uu?nn 'lunr:qarunrriinond r:rdo*rrtrqdfi nr:ujduuuila*atoonf,rn#,
udrr: rdo uir b?ra t fu d a n = ro t o o fl fi rn #u fi rn"u rCa h?rfi n
oon 8rn
,r'ruuu6riinrrurrtoauodrqtawunrlRiirrirn-u

+7 -l +20
KI\[nOa + 2KCl + H2SOa I\[nSOa + K2SOa +H2O +Cl2
-+
I
tilnoil
t. Iu.rrdurdorrrr drurqrfi nr6 u.rriu uifi rn t oonf, rn#u uJ6 uuuilar
2. fi r r : s rra r son fi ra f,u r'1 a n n { rt o rr'r du rri r r r n rs flu q a,l"ru a u os
u no r { o ir
rrqdfi nr:nJdou,utuuof,rn#u llurrlnrrdqalfl rr,ro = I osnor il?tJ Ct = 2
ocnouril'rn-uI n"rlrtrntqarfr lotnoa,IVtnsoa ua, cl2rilu t uirrh
rct
tflu z
3. rfil#latoonfirnfuiiano{ !fl1sssfirn#ufirnudu uounorrr fl.r.u.
= [5,2] = t0
ftgar z trji{ r[n lmsg,r 5 trJii cr rirhlnoudratqarrft
Kr\[no4 unv r\rrnso4
tflu 2,ratqnrrfi KCI = 2 x 5 =tO ratqnrrir Cl2_ 5
4. qa,'ruauov nouto{[rqriinuu{.ruoR0ln lfin'ay cl
5. rCuqatrnovnouto{llq K
rrrnsrclu fi K = (l< lu KMnoj + G lu Kct)
= 2 + to = t2
flr:lrfinn-orqifi r lu K2Soa adr.rrdua
fi.rfiurarqarrfi r2soa rflumt o
6. qaosnou{o{rlq S
nr:n'rdu iis = (s lu Llnsod + (s lu K2soa) = 2 +6 = E
rr:nrdna?Eqiiis lu Hzso+ stirudur
fufirrarqarflr uzso+ rflumt g
 itiilnt aoirinrlradgt uec fura ouramtfruqa 179

7. qaouf,ou{o{lTlH
,t1to'od, fiH = Hlun2soa = 2 xs = 16
rrr:flinrYsrci fi n'lu n2o
tufilraqnur?r u2o rilura{ s Cru

8. qaounourlo{llq cl
,r.rr#od, fict = = 1o
"11t1ro
rrr:flfinniorqifi Cl = Cl lu Cb
n'ltfiutatqaurlr ct2 rilurat s
utnvir rlfi ffi urinonddfi ,ruol:fi quttd"-od
2 KMnOa + lOKCl + EH2SOa
2\[nSO+ + 6KzSO+ + 8H2O + SClz

ftr?u a+b+c+e+f+g = 2+lo+8+6*3aJ = 39

19. noil (D

unvlooou
t1fl Sarao{In:run 6o fuzcro+ tfinnrnlooouf,nreof 1eg*;
In:run (cro?- )
ltnu f,tr:otrruqafll:ns61u
Ag2croa G) 2 Aelad + cof- tae)
= +2x M +xM
acolutl xM
2xM xM
.l:aca.lu (solubility product constant, Ksp)
iliu rirnrfi tuqafl

= 1eg+121cro7-l = (2x)2(x) =
4x3

m. nou @
t'Ifl C(s)+o2G) CozG)
zurltltt-
= 0
rtrdu oo
g,,r; -x +x
rilduurnlal
qnrlru ul 2-x x
lCozI x
K 2-x
tozl
 180 roasuuzu'oaaumfi roz* n. 3 4 s
- -
AF
rl'oil?u rn r R rru saR n{ nd*rutuuda 0.s L
o'rR il?rrE o2 rCrduuirrdr
i'rfl C(s) + Or1g1 ;= Ce(g)
riudu oo 4 0
ujiuuurjm Gra) -2y +2y
gnrfiu gvr; 4-2v 2y
tcozl
K
lozl =2Y
4-2v 2-y
v
I
tm fiqorrgl'r6ozn-u rrrirrYu

uanrdr x=Y
2-x 2-y
Zx-xy = 2y-xy
yo I
2x = 2y
n{uu Y=x
2L nou @

0'tR 2NOG) + CtzG)

-+ 2NoCt(g)
ncl# Rare = -***o= -Rqz
UO )
i**o",
R{11lJ o-nrrfl '8il'ru}Jtsurflannoiiul _ ngl, ; 1 R NOCI
2

1x0.030 mot Lils-l

0.015 molfls-l
2?^ nou @

hnd 2l\(s)+B(g
=)
3s1sy It=10
lurirnrdrruqa rrrhifinnarurduf,urortouriir
tsld rrc- 1 =ro
tBI
I
tB I
l0
moln I
0.3L 10
)
R{lJII mols = 0.03 lua
 ite-nt aotinrireds: uac itla outlalntiluqe
ltl

23. nou @
a
ltu2Rn il4flfl1:

1. drnd'uf,rurunrrmfi rir f hariwrflutirun6'utolrir

f ,6u
ilitwtilu1
z. dhgornaonttunrtnfi drufirnldlfl Klr1 = GAr)
hnd HzG)+S(s) $ H2s (8) Kr = 4.0x10-2

Hzs G) * HzG)+s(s) Kz= *,=rt

1
oe
n{ilu
)
f,^rre) + Lrrrrr*|sr*l
Ks = (K2)2 =5

A. nou @
1# rurrtiou fio n

0'lR B(aq)+H2OOl * sH+(aq) + OH-(aq)

tcl# Kb =
1 o
tBI

lrrc ludr:acnrutoqutttioud t'fi tBlfl = [oril

ir { tu rr g lu ili u rs ii ni1ti'
til : rc lCr r trn nr : un o
n {t

t1R tIIlOl tOil = Kw = 1'0 x 10-14

(1.0 x to-14 )torfl = trk = 1'o x lo-la

toil = 1.0 x 10-3 u unudrlu O

0.ox1O-3)G .oxto-3) = 1.0 x 10-5
ftriu I(6 = 0.1

2f,,. nou @
NaoH
0'lR cunr:dstfiu mis rlfi fiiurn:ntue:cil'irln:noonsr6nraclud
rfluftd
 1E2 rsassuzu-oraunfi razu. u. 3 4 _ s

*Y
-
o o
+ 2NaOH +2H2O
OH ONa
drnr:rsrn'uusur:rrcinilirr*nrrirqlcnruil?uruarrf,inrufl
dlnu
rurrrcfl rnuasrutrrsn"rilq'fi iurnyuotirrrrrl:oihidorl#rirnodnugu
(Kar, K", ) utfl'n

tcld roln:monnn'n = jmotp"g,

CnrJn,,
E=,(E:J t fC&qEbhAE.)

(o.us)(2o.oo) =| rolvp"oH
to.u

Vu"on = 16.07 mL
J
n{ilu osdorldrrrrararu NaoH 16.07 mL
=
2fi. nou O
@ rrRarrrfirfiutornrn
1# rDr 6an:nuoualil:n-n
Iond nrnrouolilrn'nrfinrdqdudu q*latxta
iiaarururr tiu t.wgcm-a fiuanluraqa 36.5
ocld 'lufirrncaru 1,0(x)"# !$x1mocm3
rro-1fiuaa =

= l,MO E
lurrrasara\o?frg fi1fr jgxl(Do _ 4o8g
=

firo< = 408e
36.5gmol-l
= il.tt fua
utrnrdr lurrrasnru tdm3iirx tt.ts lua
ras EDq = 11.1g M
 1E3
fuon: eotinrlrr6m uru itna ournrntfnuqa

@ mdrnou
n1fl ux(aq)+Hzo(l) u3O+(ad+ X-(aq)
= 0 0
riudu oo 11.18
+x +x
ujiiouurjm Mt -x
x x
qailro gy 11.18 -x
(xXx)
tcld K. 1.8x10-5
11.18-x

fi r,rto #
,duoolo > l,ooonir

6r crurroil:suq'jr rr'ig - x rY 11'18 1d

x2
utnlir l.42xlo4 11.18

x 2 1.59x10-5 = 16x10{
llau tHrot 4x10-3
J
R{U1l pH = -loglHrO*l = -log(4x10-3) = 3 -2log2
= 3_9.6 = 2.4

tt. noil @
0.10x20.00 0.002 mol
mol tto{ CH3COOH luflr:ncatu = =
0'lR 1,000
0.05x30.fl) mol.
mol tol ca(oH)z lutr:nsaru = 0.fi)15
1,000

!m32CH3CooH+Ca(otI)21(CHaCoo)zCa+2Il2o
rfirrJfrfiiurnodtiu ca(oH)z
l mol
0u1d cII3cooH 2 mol

rfirrlfifiiurnodtiu Ca(orr)z 0.001mol

cu3cooH 0.fl)2 mol

ludn{,il dl:fiililn (dTtililunrjiursr) 6o

cnlcoon rtasm:fifiurntfiuto 6o
0'0fi)5 = 5x l0amol
Ca(OII)z rr6oCa(OID2 = 0'fi)15-0'001 =

i.lfl pH {O{fflrnunluoufintlfltutltlfi Ca(OlI)z tt6stfin0'lflnr:'lsln:1nf,e

{o{mf,o (cHsCOO)zca
 1&4 reasus2u-orounfi aszu. n. 3 4 _
- s

uas oH - i1Rn1:leln:lafiflflo{ cH3coo - 6tarnrr

CH3COO - + H2O CU3COOH +
-\
u' ri rfi out rn rdorfi u utiufi I rn r n ca(oE)z
uan l'ir ttr oc rfi u rfl pH ttoit f, lr as l ut'rfl Rrr un Rn-2t ouu auri ca(oH)z rriruru
a
-t ca(otp, -$'
nilfi ca2* + zott
llnu molor- = 2mo1g"1911;, = 2(Sx 10{) Io-3mol
=
toil'lucrrasaruflf,u =
(20+30)+1,000 -= 2 x to4 M
==$
@H = -logtOll-l = -tog errca = )_tog2 Z_0.3
pH = 14-pOH = 14_1.70 12.3 = = 1.7
=
!!i pH-mererdrurirlCnsindrn.lruriluoi.t0.trilru
nl
n-{fu %n2.luflatntfla{oilflo.tpH_meter
= #.rr00 = 0.E
2t nou @
rf,nnr: n rnuriuasru auriun n n-aotir.r rr rp afrurir w rd
ln:nuril = tHrol uar lrunuril = toH_I
(D rrdru.lutrtararnrnuriuasrucrri

Iond fl.rrasaruRrnuouohlrfin pu = 4 illiurnr 40.fi) cm 3

lms pH = -log [H3O+]
ocld tn:nuril = trr3ol = toa M
mc molnrn'd =
10*4 (4O.00)
# 1,000 = 4x10{ mol
hnd rua[riLjnrrulfinpu = 12 ilirrn: 10.00
cm3
ltas pOH = la - pH, pOH
= -log IOH-I
rcld POH= 14-12=2
tlurrrioul'= totfl = 1o-2 M
ttac molrurnrri =
# ='o 1f#'*, = lxro{ mor
 185
Ite-nt m?inrirl6ffi uac itne onnrntinuqe

(D rrdrnou
n'rfl n:nuri + tucuri mdounl + H2o

tsld n:nrtriqnrfrrlfrfiiurtuuun
mdsrutrrri = 1x104 -4x10{ = 9'6x10-5 mol
9.6x10-5 1.92x10-3 M
rtttu truattri] (2t0.0+10.00)+ 1,000
=

rnnrir toil = ltuturil = 1'92x10-3 M

3-logl92
lrrs POH- -logtOlil =-log(1'9x10-3) =
= 3-9.29 = 2.72
)
pH = 14-PH = 14-2'72 = ll'28
OU
a{ilu

29. noil (D

i'Ifl IqlfiullilIofnuln fi trn: 6o

NazszQ fil:nllrnqa = 2(23)+2'(32)+3(16) = 15t

t2 fiu'lnllrnqa = 2(l?ll) = 254
NaI finrnluraqr = 23a1ll = l5o
316='^
rcld molp"rgrgr = R
254
mol12=ffi='
molNu =?9
150
=z
- a,a
grl6{i1 ttUfll5tfixilqnCo{ 6o Zt'tazSzOr +lz + A + 2t'[al

A 6o Nazs+oo lmc s fimtoonirn

s1=+2.5lrlt'luln{oonfirnfru
6'sriu ftr
Na = +1, O = -2 unufla:?utlo{ta{oon8tnfu{o{!1qqndr1u
rln rlhl ilrdol fi rir $ir rYu o
d1r il : c n oilfi rit u na

30. nou @

tru?6n l3*(aq) +3e- + A(s) E =a,

o

g2*(tq) +?n- + BG) E

o
=b
c2*(ro+c c(s) E =c
1E6 tseuuuzf,araunfi razs. n. 3 4 s
- -
(D rrnrmunrtrrynrf
A(s) le'lrql ll .s'lr4 ln(.1 E = l.l2Y
ualun unlrn
ru nrrin o nd ornr'aus lunuac rf2un lte
rfi n
n-r d
oxidation (tsauslun) ;2(A(s)
-+A3*(aq) + 3e-) EL="
reduction lttaunluny; 3@2*(aq) + 2e- -+ p1s)) o
Er"a = b
rJiifi?or:u; 2A(s) + 3n\aq;-+ za*(q)+
38 (s) EL = b-,
= l.l2y
oslCU -a = l.l2v u-u6a b > a o
@ ornrmuRrilrcad
B(s) ls'lrq) claq) lcrrl o
E = 0.54V
ualun unltn
eunrrinond Gnmnrsauslunuasrfiun ltn iqd
oxidation ltsauoluny ; B(s) +82*(aq)t
+2e- EL=u
reduction
ltsaunluny; 2(ctao +C o

-r C(s)
rJq'fi?arru; B(s) +zr*@q)-+ e2*(aq) + (s)
Er"d = c
2B Etr = "-u
= 0'54v
ocld"-b = 0.54v uou6o"rb ...e
itnO,ewlCc>b>a
nftriu ulrorir ats) la3*(aq) rrion-u c (s)
| c* (aq),dzrrq-6?orrfinduldlor
(e; fi riru anrio u rnnz,r o rtundrrryn dn-a rrfi n)
rsdor h? c(r) rfl u t'aun In n rfi n reduction
uasA (s) rfluriauslnn rfinoxidation
oxidation (uolnn); A(s) _+43*1rq; + 3C
EL =
reduction (unlnn); 3(c1ao
+ C _+ g1g
"
EL =
rliinTurtar; A(s) + rc+1aq;
-+ A3*(aq) + 3c (s) EL = " _
E*u = c-8 = (c-b)+(b_a) " "
= 0.54 +1.12= 1.66V
-+ rflurcarfrinfl:ru-n
 187
Stont ao?inriredat uas ifona mnmntfnuqe

31. nou @

uuefin rs,A rllltluon'nfius ;lCrflu z g s wld'ir e rflurqluntri 5 n1u 3

mc!fluoIailc
ArI3 rrar enf ntd
f,tr:otrgn:1n:ltfrltolar:il:Enou ArI-'
r1q A ii6rdnn:oudou:olt
:7
Arr-
-[i - '] 6rhi rfl ulrJ n Tl n0 o o fl ln n

*'-rll\*
ao
!1q A i6rf,nn:oudol:ou = E
6uilulrJnrilR0oonlnn
H

*'-[+-]. lrqAfi6rfinn:oudol:ou=8
6ufluunun0ooRrnn

eHf 6oH-A-H
quniurvto{ ArIl > ArI3 > AII- Inurptol
uoni rdorornfisrlirrlrrnqn 6o
n:rfiurlr
,nrl, ,r.,
fi tr:stmtosn0mfruto{!1rl A
AII- ll=+1
A=-2
AII3 fl=+1
A=-3
ltti 11 =+1
A=-3
rsrfiu'ir mtoonfi tnfu{o{lq A tinirtiu#rnun
ftriu d'lrtion n. ttau n' lndor

32. noil (D

16[oncttuufrlnr:tnfi tolrlfi fi? ur

01fl r?uu:nrrrdolirn:rsfdoqanrnltntl
tnonC:cil'irl rcrano+ tmu Hcl riou
 lEE ronsuszr'sraunfi raru. n. 3 _ 4 _
s

fnurntaanfirn#utm un lu KMnoa +7
= ns0n? iltidzuHCl ourrno
+2 u&un'o Mn2*ung cr nln H", KMnoa rflu'fra
's0noanfiIadcau
nadiu (c6 wlCaunrtfi qnudatouJfrfiiur
no
2KI\[nOa + l6HCl
-+ 2KCl +?],tlnCl2+ EH2O + 5Cl2

ocl# 2molrew,ron
,ilildfra.nnd
= l6molHgt
o'l25molrcwoo.
= ff. = rmolsgl
I
tn molKf,{non = Affi = # = 0.125 rnor

motgcr=#=#=t.Smor
uanldr Kl\finoa rflurrtdrun lrirrunrJ?!1sr) lras Hct fiurnrfiuno
rms nrurqufirrrrrn"ruzufuo ct2 drfinduornfluR.r,
It
;molrctaos+ = fmotgr,

|<o.rzst = jnobr,
molg1, = 0.3125
fun'o nrurqufi u2aro{t cr2 drfi ndu
J
= 0.3125x(2x35.5) - ZZJI:' niu
n{uil lrnlCSouacuo{ crz mllhir
x100=
=
mllhunqrfi ffirr*=It.S
33. nau @
-
nlR Pggrdanal = Lq-0.56 = o.gg atu
uas rrdruuufua co2 finnnr orRrruRt,
PV = nRT
(0.ttx0.8s)
= n(0.082r)e9 +2731
n = 0.029 rnol
ocld 0"'nJ2ufuo Cq 0mnDnna{toitn2runu
= 0.029
 Bmntaoi:innlra6stuas'ittnaoulatnrfnuqatS9

urfl Rarun'utosco2dnnnlqnl#lunr:rflrrlfifiiurtilLioHn'ldunr:

tsld ;;;, fipl#lu'lfiffiur = mor6,co' iirfindu =

o'er,le

ftriu rJfiffiurdtrrflrl#rfin = 0'(D9 x Mlizcoc

= 0.029 x (2x7 +12+3x16)
= 2.1 nill
Y. nou @
rutfi ito ttct
r:rl:c nouloooiindfi lau c (M) 1in:
n
lfi fl

rtnclailc Mfiu'mosnou =m
MNOr(aq) + AgC(s)
t'lR MCI(aq) + AgI'[Oa(aq) --]
tc1fi rnolUCt = mol6ggl

0.8040 r.?fr2fi
m+35.5 108+35.5
m = 60.5 J 35.5
A
,1gg = 37
ftriu lolnclnuu:ntsmnol:dlucr:rj:
sflo1lu - 60.56+35.5

35. noil @

fitr:sn fion'
HA+NH3 # NHi +A-
tild2 ffii2 nfi1
mil
n,irrlfi ffi urdouna,uillflGl
ttdn{,ir n:nttactutl
drrlfr fiiurlrjdrlr/|rlrrfinldfi
n'ir R I n rn t ril tlii rfl u rr: ni n fior qi
it,l, oi, d', Cu u: I
Kstlo{HA>Katol xn}
rtu6o R:nHAtt:sn'ir r'ur[ rf,rhi
fltr:qr fio t.
nmuf,uriu#tol1i R:n - turl ; rnrflu{n:n{o{ A-
e- rilu{rufl{o{ HA
un| rflu{nrello{ NH3

xn3 tflu{tuttos Nn}

 190 rsaauuzu'af,ounfi sazu. u. _ _
3 4 s

n'ot:orr f,a n
Kw = t'3ot toil ru fl rrnc n rurl nrfi n hiz'r ncfi la aou oc lraca ruo
ftrfu f,anlrJdgndar noo n. ras R.
{rurir

36. nou (0

nlR rJfr6iurdrfiuador R'o c-4*+sn2+

cen++sn4+ lnunmhlqa;
oxidation; Sn2+-+ -+
Sn4+ +2e-
reduction; e-n4+ +14_n)e- _; o
Cen+ e
[O x (a - n)I + [e x 2] rfitf,rflruau
osld "-tolnglrafltRr:rdrn-u
(4-n)sn2+ +2c-..4+
14-n1sn4+ +2cen+
tms fr".or.rr, = -+ o
|-rootg"*
01R mol*rz* =
# = 'oii'#'' = o.o2lun
,.,iffi., unurirlu O
moro+ =
O.O2 t
# = = o.(xlua
ocld
=,'x(o'u) trfirlnr:ldril n= !
-i
n{ilil ^;
mtoonftnf,uqnrfruror ce 6a +3

37. nou (D

0'tfl 2.ONr HCI uas 0.01 M tIBr rflunrnuri finrrun nit tm

Eo
rcld lHso*J = tnrnuril
frrriu o.ot tu mr
lHao+1 = o.ol
pH = -Iog [H3o+]
= _Iog 0.01

= =i.og lg_z
A
Z
dlrfu 0.01 M IIBr fi pHrrirn-u
2.0
 Itfnt actinriredgt uau fuile ourarn:fn$na l9l
3s. noil @

rnr 2fl'R rrnr#no nd darrj:s nsuCe un''loonf, ln#rracd'fi 6ad dl fi nr:

nJtiuuurJnrtatoonfitn#u n-{n-at6on n. dor'o Mg ttflu o finr:rrJduuuilnl
- - n{il
laroofltrtRill -l
2DIg(s)+O2G) + ZMe o (s)
+J+
00+2
J
-2

gr. noil O
rC! I
0'tR nQnltuTlEllo{tflflttll R?'lult?{a{fl1lttTlf €
Jurw
,r'o Mw n's ulnfrmqatoutfra
ltns urnlrmqa{o{Nz, Oz ltnv ar 6s 28r 32 unu 40 nrudrnlu
J
R{lllt ufrrorfnau (Ar) fi naruri'rrnduoirqn
I
40. nou (D
a
llil2fln rlrKMno+fl luffi orinrJq'fi ?ur?nondldtidqntmrrfi qotttulhrfl u
oallA
n?ooR.il tn.riltlt{u'lR
 (a
,{a{lurflualdo ,,
r. qrfiflr ai duu:oi (rlo.:rtrro y :.:. arin rr:.:Jrltriu aol'ld'n-rn?l
:.:.!fioaimaruar-0i rrnl sr-:13r :.r^. rirrfrniy ti uasriro : ao.:u. rni

z. fr:er lljnl6nai ldoln aoa) :-.:. atlrauitruta-B ao, 'ldsr':fi.i

:.:.rfroainarr1a:ai rrac dt:o.:o,'usix zo :.:. rjtrfrninri rrayrira z aoru
n flf,ld9t:

:. ffrJrfrnf di4tuiunrnr (rio.rfi) :.:. drrrauinara'r dou'ki'sr-ro3.l

:.:.rfrnainarr"rar- ai uar dr:o.:oiuri'u 178 r.:. dlfinard

4. Uolc1l0l l )Yt ll1u (u0i0 ):.:.dq:lnUIdelulfldt:0lduflu15

:.:.r oa1 011rd:fl1

,
5. ! n5qRTUfl:fld(u0tltl):.r. dr lduJflfl tdu d0ulfi dt:rJlduau
117 :.:.!finnrnflrud:fl

6. fl':0tu Idr)itdtu (ur) :1{do8) r-.:. d []Ldu lltu tdu dou lfi d I5d :

0ufiu 185:.:.1l 9l a'll1rJr u d:i fll

z. firuq{ o*a:*nrq,:frud (rio.:naoo) u. + :.:. rn':orqnr:6nut aol'ld

.d;
nsfll]ud.t4fi nfufrflldn:murn!Ifl 38 nsuuu 0 tflngltuutnx,10 nyll u
I I
:$ a fulRtn::n fla

I
neauutiotounii taru.
t_rDs 3-4-5
tsBN 978-616-455-a26-7

ltxxJt|J[illtl[[il]l
c 1't2
170100 a00 UT'l