Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics

4 of 6 sets

Chapter: Protein Binding of Drugs

301. Which vitamin molecules will bind to alpha 2 globulin?

A. Vitamin b complexes
B. Vitamin a and vitamin b
C. Vitamin A, D, E, K
D. Steroids bind to alpha 2 globulin, not vitamin
Answer:C

302. What is the molecular weight of human serum albumin?

o m
A. 5000 Dalton
. c
B. 65,000 Dalton
te
C. 60,000 Dalton a
D. 75,000 Dalton
q M
Answer:B c
M
303. HSA comes under which protein family?
A. Globulin
B. Receptor
C. Enzymes
D. Catalyst
Answer:B

304. What is the name of the drug binding site I of HSA?

A. Tamoxifen binding site
B. Digitoxin binding site
C. Diazepam binding site
D. Warfarin and azapropazone binding site
Answer:D
305. Which one of the below does not belong to the 4 classes of lipoprotein?
A. Chylomicrons
B. Very low-density lipoproteins
C. High-density lipoprotein
D. Fatty acids
Answer:D

306. Which of the given drugs bind to ?1 globulin?

A. Steroidal drugs
B. Vitamins A, D, E, K
C. Ferrous ions
D. Carotenoids
Answer:A

307. What is the name of the drug binding site IV of HSA?

A. Tamoxifen binding site
B. Digitoxin binding site
C. Diazepam binding site
D. Warfarin and azapropazone binding site
Answer:A

308. Acidic drugs like imipramine, lidocaine bind to alpha 1 Acid Glycoprotein.
A. True
B. False
C. none
D. all
Answer:B

309. Which of the given drugs bind to ?2 globulin?

A. Steroidal drugs
B. Vitamins A, D, E, K
C. Ferrous ions
D. Carotenoids
Answer:D

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310. What is the name of the drug binding site III of HSA?
A. Tamoxifen binding site
B. Digitoxin binding site
C. Diazepam binding site
D. Warfarin and azapropazone binding site
Answer:B

311. Which drugs bind to RBC membrane?

A. Pentobarbital
B. Acetazolamide
C. Imipramine
D. Phenytoin
Answer:C

312. What is the name of the drug binding site II of HSA?

A. Tamoxifen binding site
B. Digitoxin binding site
C. Diazepam binding site
D. Warfarin and azapropazone binding site
Answer:C

313. Which one of the following factors related to protein-drug binding is not
related to drugs?
A. Physicochemical characteristics of a drug
B. The concentration of the drug in the body
C. The affinity of the drug for binding
D. Number of binding sites on the binding agent
Answer:D

314. Which one of the following factor related to protein-drug binding is not
related to drug interactions with the binding site?
A. Competition between the drug and the binding site
B. Competition between drugs and normal body constituents
C. Allosteric changes in a protein molecule
D. Inter subject variation

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Answer:D

315. Which of the following factors for protein drug binding is a drug interaction
factor?
A. Competition between drugs for the binding site
B. Age
C. Physicochemical characteristics of a drug
D. Physicochemical characteristics of the protein or binding agent
Answer:A

316. Which drugs bind to HSA easily?

A. Cationic drug
B. Anionic drug
C. Lipophilic drug
D. Neutral drug
Answer:B

317. Which drugs easily bind to adipose tissue?

A. Cationic drug
B. Anionic drug
C. Lipophilic drug
D. Neutral drug
Answer:C

318. Which drug easily bind to AAG?

A. Cationic drug
B. Anionic drug
C. Lipophilic drug
D. Neutral drug
Answer:A

319. The extent of drug-protein binding can change with both changes in protein
and drug concentration.
A. True
B. False
C. none

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 D. all
Answer:A

320. In the equation X= Vd C, what does X stands for?

A. Amount of drug in the blood
B. Amount of drug in plasma
C. Amount of drug in the tablet
D. Amount of drug in the body
Answer:D

321. Only unbound or free drug is capable of being eliminated.

A. True
B. False
C. none
D. all
Answer:A

322. Penicillin has short plasma half-life although it can bind to plasma protein
rigidly.
A. True
B. False
C. none
D. all
Answer:A

323. Displacement interactions are significant in the case of drugs which are more
than 95% bound.
A. True
B. False
C. none
D. all
Answer:A

324. Which of the following is a correct method to find the fraction of unbound
drug in plasma? Given where Cu is the concentration of unbound drug and C is
total plasma drug concentration.

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 A. CuC
B. C / Cu
C. Cu/C
D. 1/C Cu
Answer:C

325. The value of association constant, Ka and the number of binding sites N can
be obtained by
A. Direct plot
B. Scatchard plot
C. Klotz plot
D. All of the above
Answer:D

326. Which of the following drug bind to ?1 globulin?

A. Steroids
B. Ferrous ion
C. Carotenoid
D. Vitamin D
Answer:A

327. What is interaction of phenobarbitone and warfarin?

A. Displacement of warfarin from binding site
B. Decreased absorption of warfarin
C. Increase metabolism of warfarin
D. Decreased metabolism of warfarin
Answer:A

328. Which process involves alteration of drug distribution?

A. Competitive binding
B. Reduced plasma protein level
C. Both
D. None
Answer:C

329. Two most common protein involved in plasma protein binding are

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 A. Globulin and plasmin
B. Albumin and globulin
C. Fibrin and globulin
D. Plasmin and fibrin
Answer:B

330. All of the following displace imipramine from protein binding site except
A. Aspirin
B. Phenytoin
C. Ethosuximide
D. Phenylbutazone
Answer:C

331. The drugs which are most affected in pregnancy are those having
A. Low protein binding and high Vd
B. High protein binding and low Vd
C. High protein binding and high Vd
D. Low protein binding and low Vd
Answer:B

332. Most of drugs will bind with which of plasma protein

A. Albumin
B. Globulin
C. Histone
D. Glycoprotein
Answer:A

333. Which of the following is not highly protein bound drug

A. Barbiturates
B. Phenylbutazone
C. Salicylates
D. Aspirin
Answer:D

334. Blood plasma belongs to

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 A. Interstitial fluid
B. Intracellular fluid
C. Extracellular fluid
D. All of the above
Answer:A

Chapter: Excretion of Drugs

335. Drug elimination involves....... (ADME are steps of pharmacokinetics)

A. ADME
B. DME
C. ME
D. E only
Answer:C

336. Filtration fraction is

A. Fraction of plasma passing through the kidney which is filtered at glomerulus
B. Ratio of iulin clearance to PAH clearance
C. Ration of CFR to RPF
D. None of them
Answer:C

337. Creatinine clearance is used as measurement for

A. Glomerular filtration rate
B. Renal excretion rate
C. Passive renal excretion
D. Drug metabolism rate
Answer:A

338. What is the half life of a drug with a volume of distribution of 100U70kg and a
clearance of 7t/hr/70kg
A. 15 hours
B. 10 hours
C. 13.5 hours
D. 5 hours
Answer:B

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339. A Normal sized adult having hepatic clearance of a drug whose metabolism is
limited by the rate of blood flow to the liver would be
A. 60 milliliters/min
B. 120 milliliters/min
C. 650 milliliters/min
D. 1500 milliliters/min
Answer:D

340. Which process involves alteration in drug excretion?

A. Increased fluid flow
B. Changes in urinary pH
C. Both
D. None
Answer:C

341. Which of the following is not a step of renal excretion?

A. Glomerular filtration
B. Tubular filtration
C. Tubular reabsorption
D. Secretion
Answer:B

342. Renal clearance is expressed as

A. Rate of urinary excretion / Plasma drug concentration
B. Elimination Rate / Plasma drug concentration
C. Rate of urinary excretion / Elimination Rate
D. Elimination Rate
Answer:A

343. Glomerular filtration rate would be increased by

A. constriction of the afferent arteriole
B. decrease in afferent arteriolar pressure
C. compression of the renal capsule
D. decrease in the concentration of plasma protein
Answer:D

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344. The volume of plasma needed each minute to supply a substance at the rate at
which it is excreted in the urine is known as the
A. diffusion constant of the substance
B. clearance of the substance
C. extraction ratio of the substance
D. filtration rate of the substance
Answer:B

345. Nephron is functional unit of…………..

A. Kidney
B. Heart
C. Lung
D. Liver
Answer:A

346. Hepatic extraction ratio of 0.60 indicates that

A. 40% drug is left after extraction by the liver
B. 60% drug is left after extraction by the liver
C. Only 0.6% drug is removed by the liver
D. None of the above
Answer:A

347. First pas metabolism occurs in:

A. Liver
B. In lungs
C. In kidneys
D. In pancreas
Answer:A

348. The term "biotransformation" includes the following.

A. Accumulation of substances in a fat tissue
B. Process of physicochemical and biochemical alteration of a drug in the body
C. Binding of substances with plasma proteins
D. Accumulation of substances in a tissue
Answer:B

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349. For the calculation of the volume of distribution (Vd) one take into account:
A. Concentration of a substance in urine
B. Concentration of substance in plasma
C. A daily dose of drug
D. Therapeutic width of drug action
Answer:B

350. Biotransformation of a medicinal substance results in:

A. Slower urinary excretion
B. Faster urinary excretion
C. Higher binding to membranes
D. Easier distribution in organism
Answer:B

351. Biotransformation of the drugs is to render them:

A. Less lipid soluble
B. More lipid soluble
C. More pharmacologically active
D. Less ionized
Answer:A

352. Select the right statement.

A. Microsomal oxidation results in a decrease of compound toxicity
B. Microsomal oxidation results in an increase of ionization and water solubility of a drug
C. Microsomal oxidation always results in inactivation of a compound
D. Microsomal oxidation results in an increase of lipid solubility of a drug thus its excretion from
the organism is facilitated
Answer:B

353. Choose the drug type for which microsomal oxidation is the most prominent.
A. Water soluble
B. Lipid soluble
C. High molecular weight
D. Low molecular weight
Answer:B

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354. Metabolic transformation (phase 1) is:
A. Glucuronide formation
B. Binding to plasma proteins
C. Acetylation and methylation of substances
D. Tr
Answer:A

355. Which of the following processes proceeds in the second phase of

biotransformation?
A. Acetylation
B. Reduction
C. Oxidation
D. Hydrolysis
Answer:A

356. Conjugation is:

A. Process of drug reduction by special enzymes
B. Process of drug oxidation by special oxidases
C. Coupling of a drug with an endogenous substrate
D. Solubilization in lipids
Answer:C

357. Tick the drug type for which microsomal oxidation is the most prominent:
A. Lipid soluble
B. Water soluble
C. Low molecular weight
D. High molecular weight
Answer:A

358. Stimulation of liver microsomal enzymes can:

A. Require the dose increase of some drugs
B. Require the dose decrease of some drugs
C. Prolong the duration of the action of a drug
D. Intensify the unwanted reaction of a drug
Answer:A

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359. Conjugation of a drug includes the following except:
A. Glucuronidation
B. Sulfate formation
C. Hydrolysis
D. Methylation
Answer:C

360. The renal clearance of inulin is used as a measurement of

A. effective renal blood flow
B. rate of renal drug excretion
C. active renal secretion
D. glomerular filtration rate
Answer:D

361. p-aminohippurate is used to measure

A. effective hepatic blood flow
B. effective renal blood flow
C. CFR
D. None of the above
Answer:B

362. Total body clearance is

A. the drug elimination rate divided by the plasma drug concentration
B. the drug elimination rate divided by the Vd
C. the amount of drug in body divided by the plasma drug concentration
D. None of the above
Answer:A

363. Renal excretion of drug depend on

A. urine flow
B. pH of urine
C. Physicochemical properties of drug
D. All of above
Answer:D

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364. For a drug that is eliminated primarily by renal glomerular filtration, the
theoretical maximum clearance is approximately
A. 1-2 milliliters/min
B. 12 milliliters/min
C. 120 milliliters/min
D. 1200 milliliters/min
Answer:C

365. Elimination is expressed as follows:

A. Rate of renal tubular reabsorption
B. Clearance speed of some volume of blood from substance
C. Time required decreasing the amount of drug in plasma by one-half
D. Clearance of an organism from a xenobiotic
Answer:D

366. ………….drug shows active tubular secretion.

A. Penicillin
B. Tetracycline
C. Indomethacine
D. None of the above
Answer:A

367. Which tissue has the greatest capacity to biotransform of drugs?

A. Kidney
B. Lung
C. Liver
D. Skin
Answer:C

368. The process in which some drugs stimulate their own metabolism is known as
A. Enzyme inhibition
B. Autoinduction
C. Product inhibition
D. None of the above
Answer:B

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369. Drugs undergoing first pass metabolism are advised not to be administered
through
A. Rectal
B. Oral
C. Transdermal
D. Parenteral
Answer:B

370. ………..is defined as volume of blood or plasma from drug is removed in unit
time
A. half life
B. clearance
C. volume of distribution
D. biotr
Answer:A

371. Tubular reabsorption is achieved by……………

A. active process
B. passive process
C. Both (a) & (b)
D. none of the above
Answer:C

372. Below mentioned all factors increases plasma elimination half life except
A. Higher protein binding
B. Higher tissue binding
C. Higher apparent Vd
D. Higher ratio renal / hepatic clearance
Answer:D

373. Hepatic excretion of drug with high extraction ratio is altered by

A. Protein binding
B. Blood flow
C. both (a) & (b)
D. None of the above

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Answer:B

374. The phenomenon of decreased drug metabolizing ability of the enzymes by

drugs is known as ……………
A. enzyme induction
B. enzyme inhibition
C. both (a) & (b)
D. None of the above
Answer:B

375. Active tubular reabsorption of drug depends on………………

A. pH of urine
B. urine flow rate
C. pKa of drug
D. all of the above
Answer:D

376. Which of the following is not a factor of renal excretion?

A. Blood flow to the kidneys
B. Urine pH
C. Blood pH
D. Disease state
Answer:C

377. Which of the following is not a physicochemical factor of drug that can affect
the renal excretion?
A. Molecular size
B. Disintegration rate
C. pKa of the drug
D. Lipid solubility
Answer:B

378. Drugs of molecular range 300-500 Dalton will be excreted out by glomerulus.
A. True
B. False
C. none

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 D. all
Answer:B

379. Clearance is inversely related to volume of distribution.

A. True
B. False
C. none
D. all
Answer:A

380. Which drugs cannot be filtered through glomerulus?

A. Drugs bound to plasma proteins
B. Unbound
C. Free drug
D. Below molecular weight of 300 Dalton
Answer:A

381. Which one is the correct equation to calculate fraction of unbound drug in
plasma?
A. Concentration of unbound drug in plasma / total plasma concentration of drug
B. Total plasma concentration of drug / Concentration of unbound drug in plasma
C. 1/Concentration of unbound drug in plasma
D. 1/total plasma concentration of drug
Answer:A

382. What is total systemic clearance?

A. Sum of clearance from kidney
B. Sum of clearance from kidney and liver
C. Sum of clearance form non-renal clearances
D. Sum of renal and non-renal clearances
Answer:D

383. What is the equation for clearance?

A. Elimination rate / plasma drug concentration
B. Plasma drug concentration/elimination rate
C. 1 / Plasma drug concentration

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 D. 1 / Elimination rate
Answer:A

384. What will be the elimination rate if the clearance is 130ml/min and drug
concentration is 0.8 g/ml?
A. 104g/min
B. 140g/min
C. 130g/min
D. 100g/min
Answer:A

385. What will be the renal clearance if the rate of urinary excretion is 625 ml/min
and plasma drug concentration is 4.2 ng/ml?
A. 148.80ml2/ng min
B. 150ml2/ng min
C. 152ml2/ng min
D. 140ml2/ng min
Answer:A

386. How renal clearance ratio is expressed?

A. Renal clearance of creatinine / renal clearance of the drug
B. 1/renal clearance of the drug
C. Renal clearance of drug/ renal clearance of creatinine
D. 1/renal clearance of creatinine
Answer:C

387. What will be the renal clearance ratio of a drug whose renal clearance is
40ml/min and the clearance of creatinine is 95ml/min?
A. 0.421
B. 2.38
C. 0.010
D. 0.025
Answer:A

388. How do you calculate the rate of excretion by kidneys?

A. Rate of filtration – the rate of secretion – Rate of absorption

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 B. Rate of filtration + rate of secretion – Rate of absorption
C. Rate of filtration + rate of secretion + Rate of absorption
D. Rate of filtration – the rate of secretion + Rate of absorption
Answer:B

389. What will be the rate of filtration if the rate of secretion is 0.9 ml/ sec, rate of
reabsorption is 0.2 ml/sec and the rate of excretion is 2ml/sec for a particular
drug?
A. 3ml/sec
B. 0.3ml/sec
C. 1ml/sec
D. 1.3ml/sec
Answer:D

390. Which one of the following is the principal organ for drug excretion?
A. Lungs
B. Liver
C. Kidneys
D. Sweat glands
Answer:C

391. Compounds excreted in bile is classified into 3 categories. Which one of the
following does not come under the categories?
A. Drugs with bile/plasma concentration ratio approximately 1
B. Drugs with bile/plasma concentration ratio between 10-1000
C. Drugs with bile/plasma concentration ratio of less than 1
D. Drugs with bile/plasma concentration ratio above 1000
Answer:D

392. What is the molecular weight cut off for biliary excretion?
A. Less than 300 Dalton
B. More than 300 Dalton
C. Less than 200 Dalton
D. More than 200 Dalton
Answer:B

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393. What is the equation for biliary clearance?
A. No such equation is there
B. Biliary excretion rate/ plasma drug concentration
C. Plasma drug concentration / biliary excretion rate
D. Plasma drug concentration / Bile flow * biliary drug concentration
Answer:B

394. For a certain drug, the bile flow rate is 0.7 ml/mm, the biliary drug
concentration is 2g/ml and the plasma drug concentration is 0.8g/ml. What will be
the bile clearance?
A. 1.50 ml/mm
B. 1.75 ml/mm
C. 2.75 ml/mm
D. 3 ml/mm
Answer:B

395. Which compounds are excreted through the lungs?

A. Lipophilic
B. Gaseous
C. Liquid and hydrophilic
D. Solid less than 100 Dalton
Answer:B

396. What is the pH of the milk secreted by human mothers?

A. 6.4-7.6
B. 5.4-6.6
C. 7-8
D. 6-7
Answer:A

397. What is the mechanism of drug excretion for skin excretion?

A. Active secretion
B. Glomerular secretion
C. Passive diffusion
D. Passive reabsorption

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Answer:C

398. What is the mechanism of drug excretion for biliary excretion?

A. Active secretion
B. Glomerular secretion
C. Passive diffusion
D. Passive reabsorption
Answer:A

399. Which of the following is not a factor influencing pulmonary excretion?

A. Pulmonary blood flow
B. The solubility of volatile substance
C. Rate of respiration
D. Heart rate
Answer:D

400. How is renal clearance expressed mathematically?

A. Rate of urinary excretion/plasma drug concentration
B. Plasma drug concentration/rate of urinary excretion
C. 1/ Plasma drug concentration
D. 1/rate of urinary excretion
Answer:A

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