0% found this document useful (0 votes)

64 views59 pages

Science and Tech Notes

Uploaded by

mounika kumari

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

0% found this document useful (0 votes)

64 views59 pages

Science and Tech Notes

Uploaded by

mounika kumari

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

You are on page 1/ 59

UPSC Prelims

Science & Tech Course Module Basics of Biotechnology

(power houses
mitochondria
Nucleus O
- cytoplasm

chromatin >
- cell cells can exist
independently
/ · Nucleolus
-

membrane
brain of cell-controls
cellular functions
Mucleand
A
Dut
- - has
(luid) cell
-every
Present

i
Nucleus'
-

>
-

Sphere
storage of
coiled
-

Cell
> it is
-

Chromatin
(condensed DNA) and time
coiled
↓
chromosomes .

name
because DNA
has two strands
>
-

&
present T
(Ribo Nucleic Acid)
-

RNA

· a ↳ also called
Enzymes come
from
> are
-

(For
required to form
reproduction
, inso
new

has
.
cells

to pass
to
present
+
U-Uracel
G
.
is
instead enzyme DNA

Egin Sucrose
daughter cell]
Sucrase

O
enzymes
>
glucose energy
-

->
(Krube
cycle)
fructose

To learn more,
Science & Tech Course Module by Dr. Shivin Chaudhary Click here

or scan this
95690 93856 www.edsarrthi.com ask@sarrthi.com QR code
UPSC Prelims

Science & Tech Course Module Basics of Biotechnology

law in
General living cells
↓
RNAs protein

m
DNA
↓
in viruses
exception some

↓ virus
(protein of
is

. removiCopi
n g ed
o

-
integrateDNA
a "ZsID']
cell
:

Ther
/organelles/structure called
-

-
Host other
-

read en
I 2

to
go integrate
then
has t
↑ with

>
-
RNA
,
DNcription
te
it

Because produce Eg : HIV virus

only

#V RNA

molecules expressed by
NRNA
full range of
·
infects CD4 + T
Lymphocyte
-
- an
Org
.

~
·
CCR5/CXCR4 Receptor
·
Enters the .
cell
D Reverse Transcription
-

↳ 3
enzymes
Integrase
I
Nucleare/protease

block
We
* can
any To learn more,

to prevent Science & Tech Course Module by Dr. Shivin Chaudhary Click here

stage or scan this

HIV
95690 93856 www.edsarrthi.com ask@sarrthi.com QR code
.
UPSC Prelims

Science & Tech Course Module Cell Biology and Human Reproduction
Chromosomal
Entra D
MITOCHONDRIA
f
-
for flexibility

E -
-

NoEnergyi
Energy required
-

except > *
-

&Plasmodestate
-

mycroplasma Algor ↑
↳ Nucleus

↓,
No Cell
Wall or products of Cells
.

have
Animals arise from
- = All cells
.
cells
pre-existing
--
-

-
has Ribosomes

~
a
only organ
-

Syntheses
O

↳
-

-
Ribosome
(Eg Bacteria blue-green algae
old
- New ↑
Produce
- ↑
:
>
-
,

ATP" [
- Nucleal
energy ↓
M

Glucose - Con H20 + energy

fungi plants
+
,
T
-
Single Circle DNA
Ceg : ,
numans) -
-
No membrane

~ -

wher
-
eproduce
know
7

to
- tRNAAI peps
MRNA
-
W

-CircularDo
2

- Read
arrangement
=

membrane-ribosomal ribosome
No Y RNA W
↑
in
helpe Aminoids
of >
-
entra DNA Resis
& Antibiotic
~

Amino Acids-20
↓
blocks
building
of proteins
To learn more,
Science & Tech Course Module by Dr. Shivin Chaudhary Click here

or scan this
95690 93856 www.edsarrthi.com ask@sarrthi.com QR code
UPSC Prelims

Science & Tech Course Module Cell Biology and Human Reproduction

plants
-
plants
Plants
small in Animals than
-

3
Meiosis
a
l
pritose
"
in
ul

coversyndrome De
M
Zygote
Huma 2
&Y
46 &
23

gamets
- -

a
(23 pairs)

Mitochondrial Replaceme a set

↳only 1 set

=> Growth
-
-

>
-
> Reproduction
-

↳ called
alsoconstructed Egg Tech
-
-

Initially
-mar(pronucl
chromosome,
-
12

eus
Ye

⑳
1

To learn more,
Science & Tech Course Module by Dr. Shivin Chaudhary Click here

or scan this
95690 93856 www.edsarrthi.com ask@sarrthi.com QR code
UPSC Prelims

Science & Tech Course Module

Biotechnology
coded
coded region
↳
non

I -
-
&
-

I
-
Don

Cloning
·
Vectors for
protein
vm
~
wed
Removal
to Remove ↑

Capping ? Slicing
#
= coded
-
L
# 7
very
↓ rotein => -Introm
Gene
able to link an litt region
If
↓ to DNA
we are di all
Stability -

Same forat most

Provide
-

alien piece of DVA with bacteriophage

we can multiply
or plasmid DNA ,
-

to the capy
its numbers equal

number of the planned

or
bacteriophages
DNA
Continuely of
-

secure of
--
L -
-

problem !
↓
(notInfo)
↑
-
living org DNA
same
Recombinent
in a

id
DNA
-

↓ in

replications - maintenance of Sterile ambience for large production

have
!copy into host DNA
help carry foreign DNA
high
E

Bacteriophages
7
number
.
-

-
Virus
-
phage baceria
- E
⑧

using

virus
infect
·

introduce -

Cut DNA
- Endo nuclease

vious gene
a >
-
JoinDNA-Ligese
at dromica
modify
patire
a *

bacerea Crestricted Endonuclease)

to Join

lo
x
-

↳ plasmids
↳ Bacteriophages
cloning vector
↳

To learn more,
Science & Tech Course Module by Dr. Shivin Chaudhary Click here

or scan this
95690 93856 www.edsarrthi.com ask@sarrthi.com QR code
UPSC Prelims

Science & Tech Course Module

Biotechnology
Electrophoresis is a laboratory technique used
to separate DNA, RNA or protein molecules
based on their size and electrical charge. An
electric current is used to move the molecules
- through a gel or other matrix.
-

heat shack

to
>
- -

injection
Ways G
-
Shen
get
DNA ev
-
go

Metard-Self
- Fertilize >
-
Obtain

using
foreign gene
bioreactor
product .
into host
.
> - pathoge
-

(phage)
reproductive organ
~

Male

Female reproductive organ

on same plant
↑ strand
Problem
is double
Hybridisation
infected by Nematode
O
- .

=> GM-Mustard
· Dicer protein w

protein
-

- RISC
Mustard
Hybrid)
·

~ DMH11 -
(Dhara

- herbicide tolerant -

Centre Genetic Manipulation

-
developed by for
Du resist certain diseases
.

of crop plants of , helps plants

-created
using Barnar/Barstar/Bar
↓
↳Soil
technology gene
-

make
gene
male infertile Bacillus I
amyloliquefaciens
-Indian X European ↓
between
mustard mustard
female only >
.
farmers
-

now
era- done
Warna so
hybridisation
-

yeild -Problem
- to
(MoEFC)
Barness -
gen-DnH insert always
.

-gen-DMH
*

Barstar To learn more,

gene Cancel Barnese Science & Tech Course Module by Dr. Shivin Chaudhary Click here

or scan this
95690 93856 www.edsarrthi.com ask@sarrthi.com QR code
UPSC Prelims

Science & Tech Course Module

Biotechnology

To learn more,
Science & Tech Course Module by Dr. Shivin Chaudhary Click here

or scan this
95690 93856 www.edsarrthi.com ask@sarrthi.com QR code
UPSC Prelims

Science & Tech Course Module

Vaccines

-ANTIGE a

Protein
Pathogen

Just below
sin
Immunity +
-

It a -

Humoral killing of own cells membrane

S
.

vaccine ,
or Cellulov 1

Mother's
Immunely
-

Egi-mMR
<-
I
lasting
to O

enfe
fever similar
- -

milk
Naturalalong
-

yellow virus
Rota pox ↳
Small
Chickenpox
Flepatitis - A <
>will
- dos
nee
Flu (Shot only)
Polio (shot only)
Rabies
-

Eg : - Tetanus vaccine

Vector

Adenovirus
Eg : -

Vaccine
.
S

CmRNA with Coated Lipid)

mNome ↓
using genetic
of
material
Pathogen

To learn more,
Click here
Science & Tech Course Module by Dr. Shivin Chaudhary
or scan this
95690 93856 www.edsarrthi.com ask@sarrthi.com QR code
UPSC Prelims

Science & Tech Course Module

Vaccines
Mission Indradanush
- 7 vaccines

ubnationalcal
+ -
-

(Immunisation] 7
-
L2

covered premoco
~

conjugal
anesemodel -

-Nationally
12-
vaccines
-

Jap
-

Universal
-

- 10 -BC9
Rotavirus
↑
Encep
Immunization -DPT
HepatitHimophilus
~
is-Binfluenza-B -

AstraZeneca
--
-
Programme ~Polio
- -
mmR
8 tib
vI
~ -

Oxford
mumm
Premonia &
longer
8
↳ &
-

(menengele
~

Bharat-
>
Biotech

needle Cadilla it
don't need IstpNA >
-
Zydus developed
in -
>
(India
opis's
a vaccine
give
even 12
ye
[
would for
COVID-19
D
BCG d (3der] by Bharat Biotech

India-27% of world's
Recombinant BCG (vom 1002)
*
TB cases
.
> ICMR -

* Indicus Pranil
trai Mycobacterium
BCE
,
-

-
will decrease
↳ Active in childhood s memory
-accine-Given
Tetanus
risk - Antibodies are

high
↳ Passive
in

Tetanus Vaccine - given

given directly.

To learn more,
Click here
Science & Tech Course Module by Dr. Shivin Chaudhary
or scan this
95690 93856 www.edsarrthi.com ask@sarrthi.com QR code
UPSC Prelims

Science & Tech Course Module Applications of Biotechnology

1986
,

Comm
Recombinent DNA
Advisory
.

-
·

Insti .

Biosefty
-
Review

Regulation Dept of Biotech-M-of S&T

Involved 4
~
.

harmful
Agri (penality)
>
-
~ M .

of -
Env.
~ M .

Of Health ↳ damage
(EXm) ↳ violate
-

of Commerce
~ m &

conditions
-

3
~ M .

of EFCC
E

said "An crops

-
Event 142 are

MS Swaminathan
-

resort "
.

used in last
.

failure only
*

Vit-A

helpin
lg
-

>
-
-

-A -
-
Site-Directed Nuclease (SDN) genome editing involves the
use of different DNA-cutting enzymes (nucleases) that are
-

directed to cut the DNA at a predetermined location by a

~
range of different DNA binding systems.
(mo)
:
Zutgens
Introduce
:
foreign gene
Introduce from diff Species Similar to GMO
versal
:

GMO's but not

vice
trangenic org's
are
(All

To learn more,
Science & Tech Course Module by Dr. Shivin Chaudhary Click here

or scan this
95690 93856 www.edsarrthi.com ask@sarrthi.com QR code
UPSC Prelims

Science & Tech Course Module Applications of Biotechnology

parent
will
past Somatic cells are the cells in the body other than sperm
and egg cells (which are called germ cells). In humans,
somatic cells are diploid, meaning they contain two sets of
chromosomes, one inherited from each parent.
Haemophilia ,
[

Sickle Cancer-car

-
inside the
body
chimeric antigen receptor Tell
body in Lab
- ·

·
-
outside the

To learn more,
Science & Tech Course Module by Dr. Shivin Chaudhary Click here

or scan this
95690 93856 www.edsarrthi.com ask@sarrthi.com QR code
UPSC Prelims

Science & Tech Course Module Applications of Biotechnology

in DNA Sequence
- New genes I Can beneficia
an
be
change

Nation duerrorreplninfectio
ication
>
-

to O

To learn more,
Science & Tech Course Module by Dr. Shivin Chaudhary Click here

or scan this
95690 93856 www.edsarrthi.com ask@sarrthi.com QR code
UPSC Prelims

Science & Tech Course Module

Health Part 1

To learn more,
Click here
Science & Tech Course Module by Dr. Shivin Chaudhary
or scan this
95690 93856 www.edsarrthi.com ask@sarrthi.com QR code
UPSC Prelims

Science & Tech Course Module

Health Part 1

To learn more,
Click here
Science & Tech Course Module by Dr. Shivin Chaudhary
or scan this
95690 93856 www.edsarrthi.com ask@sarrthi.com QR code
UPSC Prelims

To learn more,
Click here
Science & Tech Course Module by Dr. Shivin Chaudhary
or scan this
95690 93856 www.edsarrthi.com ask@sarrthi.com QR code
UPSC Prelims

Science & Tech Course Module Nanotechnology

To learn more,
Click here
Science & Tech Course Module by Dr. Shivin Chaudhary
or scan this
95690 93856 www.edsarrthi.com ask@sarrthi.com QR code
UPSC Prelims

Space Technology

To learn more,
Click here
Science & Tech Course Module by Dr. Shivin Chaudhary
or scan this
95690 93856 www.edsarrthi.com ask@sarrthi.com QR code
UPSC Prelims
Space Technology
Science & Tech Course Module