India, as one of the world's largest developing countries, recognizes the significance of addressing climate change and has taken significant strides in this direction. The National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) formulated by the Government of India outlines a comprehensive framework to combat climate change and promote sustainable development.
Understanding the National Action Plan on Climate Change
• Launched in 2008, the NAPCC encompasses eight national missions that focus on different aspects of climate change mitigation and adaptation. • These missions are: o National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency, o National Solar Mission o National Mission on Sustainable Habitat, o National Water Mission, o National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem, o National Mission for a Green India, o National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture. • Each mission aims to address specific challenges related to climate change while fostering sustainable development across sectors such as energy, water, agriculture, and infrastructure.
Mission Launch Year Budget
National Solar Mission 2010 Rs. 9,187 crore National Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency 2011 Rs. 74,000 crore Green India Mission 2014 Rs. 46,000 crore National Water Mission 2011 Rs. 20,000 core National Mission for Sustaining Himalayan Ecosystem 2014 Rs. 550 crore National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture 2012 Rs. 1730 crore
National Solar Mission (NSM)
• This mission was launched in 2010. • Its objective is to establish India as a global leader in solar energy production by promoting the use of solar power for both grid-connected and off-grid applications. • The initial target was to achieve 20,000 megawatts (MW) of grid-connected solar power by 2022. However, in subsequent years, the target was revised and increased to 100,000 MW by 2022.
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National Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency (NMEEE): • This mission was launched in 2011. • It focuses on improving energy efficiency across various sectors through initiatives such as the Perform, Achieve, and Trade (PAT) scheme. • This scheme sets energy efficiency targets for energy-intensive industries and provides them with incentives for surpassing those targets. • It also promotes the adoption of energy-efficient technologies and practices in the residential, commercial, and public sectors, thereby reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.
National Mission on Sustainable Habitat (NMSH)
• It was launched in 2010. • The National Mission on Sustainable Habitat aims to promote sustainable urban development by focusing on energy-efficient and environmentally friendly building practices. • It encourages the adoption of green building codes, energy-efficient appliances, and waste management systems in cities and towns across India.
Green India Mission (GIM)
• It was launched in 2014. • The National Mission for a Green India strives to increase forest cover and enhance ecosystem services through afforestation, reforestation, and improved forest management practices. • By preserving and expanding forested areas, India can sequester carbon dioxide, mitigate soil erosion, and promote biodiversity conservation.
National Water Mission
• This mission was launched in 2011. • The National Water Mission focuses on conserving water resources, promoting sustainable water management practices, and improving water use efficiency. • It emphasizes the need for integrated water resource management, rainwater harvesting, watershed development, and the rejuvenation of rivers and water bodies. • These initiatives contribute to ensuring water security and resilience in the face of changing climatic conditions.
National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA)
• It was launched in 2012. • The National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture aims to enhance agricultural productivity while minimizing the carbon footprint of farming practices. • It promotes the adoption of climate-resilient agricultural techniques, precision farming, organic farming, and the use of renewable energy in the agricultural sector. • These measures help in reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the agriculture sector and building the resilience of farmers to climate change.
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The National Mission for Sustaining Himalayan Ecosystem (NMSHE) • The mission was launched in 2014. • Through the NMSHE, the Indian government aims to protect the Himalayan region's ecological integrity while ensuring the sustainable development of its communities. • The mission recognizes the vulnerability of the Himalayas to climate change impacts and emphasizes the need for adaptive strategies to build resilience.
Conclusion: India's National Action Plan on Climate Change provides a comprehensive roadmap for sustainable development and climate change mitigation. Through its various missions, India is actively working towards a low-carbon, climate-resilient future and is making significant progress in addressing climate change while promoting economic growth. The NAPCC stands as a testament
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