Title: Relation and Function
Chapter: Relation and Function
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Worksheet Compiled By: Prashant Jain (PJ Sir)
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ORDERED PAIR :
A pair of objects listed in a specific order is called an ordered pair. It is written by listing the two objects
in specific order separating them by a comma and then enclosing the pair in parentheses.
In the ordered pair (a, b), a is called the first element and b is called the second element.
Two ordered pairs are set to be equal if their corresponding elements are equal.
i.e. (a, b) = (c, d) if a = c and b = d.
CARTESIAN PRODUCT :
The set of all possible ordered pairs (a, b), where a A and b B i.e. {(a, b) ; a A and b B} is called
the Cartesian product of A to B and is denoted by A × B. Usually A × B B × A.
Similarly A × B × C = {(a, b, c) : a A, b B, c C} is called ordered triplet.
RELATION :
Let A and B be two sets. Then a relation R from A to B is a subset of A × B. Thus, R is a relation from A
to B R A × B. The subsets is derived by describing a relationship between the first element and the
second element of ordered pairs in A × B e.g. if A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8} and B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and
R = {(a, b) : a = b2, a A, b B} then R = {(1, 1), (4, 2), (9, 3)}. Here a R b 1 R 1, 4 R 2, 9 R 3.
NOTE :
(i) Let A and B be two non-empty finite sets consisting of m and n elements respectively. Then
A × B consists of mn ordered pairs. So total number of subsets of A × B i.e. number of possible
relations from A to B is 2mn.
(ii) A relation R from A to A is called a relation on A.
DOMAIN AND RANGE OF A RELATION :
Let R be a relation from a set A to a set B. Then the set of all first components of coordinates of the
ordered pairs belonging to R is called to domain of R, while the set of all second components of
coordinates of the ordered pairs in R is called the range of R.
Thus, Dom (R) = {a : (a, b) R} and Range (R) = {b : (a, b) R}
It is evident from the definition that the domain of a relation from A to B is a subset of A and its range is
a subset of B.
Example # 1 :If A = {1, 2} and B = {3, 4}, then find A × B.
Solution : A × B = {(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4)}
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Example # 2 : Let A = {1, 3, 5, 7} and B = {2, 4, 6, 8} be two sets and let R be a relation from A to B defined by
the phrase "(x, y) R x > y". Find relation R and its domain and range.
Solution : Under relation R, we have 3R2, 5R2, 5R4, 7R2, 7R4 and 7R6
i.e. R = {(3, 2), (5, 2), (5, 4), (7, 2), (7, 4), (7, 6)}
Dom (R) = {3, 5, 7} and range (R) = {2, 4, 6}
Example # 3 : Let A = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}. Let R be the relation on A defined by
{(x, y) : x A, y A & x2 = y or x = y2}. Find domain and range of R.
Solution : The relation R is
R = {(2, 4), (3, 9), (4, 2), (9, 3)}
Domain of R = {2, 3, 4, 9}
Range of R = {2, 3, 4, 9}
Self Practice Problem :
(1) If (2x + y, 7) = (5, y – 3) then find x and y.
(2) If A × B = {(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 6), (7, 2), (7, 3), (7, 6)} then find sets A and B.
(3) If A = {x, y, z} and B = {1, 2} then find number of relations from A to B.
(4) Write R = {(4x + 3, 1 – x) : x 2, x N}
5
Answers (1) x=– , y = 10 (2) A = {1, 7}, B = {2, 3, 6}
2
(3) 64 (4) {(7, 0), (11, –1)}
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Exercise – I
Section (A) : Ordered pair , Cartesian product, Relation, Domain and Range of Relation
1. If A = {2, 4, 5}, B = {7, 8, 9}, then find n(A × B).
2. If A = {x : x2 – 5x + 6 = 0}, B = {2, 4}, C = {4, 5} then find A × (B C).
3. A and B are two sets having 3 and 4 elements respectively and having 2 elements in common. Find the
number of possible relations which can be defined from A to B.
4. If A = {2, 3, 4, 5}, B = {1, 3, 5, 7} and a relation R : A B such that y = 2x –3, xA, yB, then find R.
x – 1
2
5. Let R be a relation defined as R = { (x, y) : y = , x Z and –3 x 3} then find
(i) Domain of R (ii) Range of R (iii) Relation R
6. The Certesian product A × A has 16 elements S = {(a,b) A × A| a < b}. (–1,2) and (0,1) are two
elements belonging to S. Find the set containing the remaining elements of S.
Section (B) : Ordered pair , Cartesian product, Relation, Domain and Range of Relation
1. If A = {a, b}, B = {c, d}, C = {d, e}, then {(a, c), (a, d), (a, e), (b, c), (b, d), (b, e)} is equal to
(A) A (B C) (B) A (B C) (C) A × (B C) (D) A × (B C)
2. If A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {1, 2} and C = {4, 5, 6}, then what is the number of elements in the set A B C?
(A) 8 (B) 9 (C) 15 (D) 18
3. Let A = {a, b, c} and B = {1, 2}. Consider a relation R defined from set A to set B. Then R can equal to
set
(A) A (B) B (C) A × B (D) B × A
4. Let R be relation from a set A to a set B, then
(A) R = A B (B) R = A B (C) R A × B (D) R B × A
5. Let X = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and Y = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}. Which of the following is not a relation from X to Y
(A) R1 = {(x, y) | y = 2 + x, x X, y Y} (B) R2 = {(1, 1), (2, 1), (3, 3), (4, 3), (5, 5)}
(C) R3 = {(1, 1), (1, 3) (3, 5), (3, 7), (5, 7)} (D) R4 = {(1, 3), (2, 5), (2, 4), (7, 9)}
6. The relation R defined in A = {1, 2, 3} by a R b if –5 a2 – b2 5. Which of the following is false?
(A) R = {(1, 2), (2, 2), (3, 3), (2, 1), (2, 3), (3, 2)} (B) Co-domain of R = {1, 2, 3}
(C) Domain of R = {1, 2, 3} (D) Range of R = {1, 2, 3}
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Answer Key
Section (A) : Ordered pair , Cartesian product, Relation, Domain and Range of Relation
1. 9 2. {(2, 4), (3, 4)} 3. 212
4. R = { (2, 1), (3, 3), (4, 5), (5, 7)}
5. (i) {– 3, – 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2, 3} (ii) {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}
(iii) {(–3, 4), (–2, 3), (–1, 2), (0, 1), (1, 0), (2, 1), (3, 2)} 6. {(–1,0), (–1,1), (0,2), (1,2)}
Section (B) : Ordered pair , Cartesian product, Relation, Domain and Range of Relation
1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (C) 4. (C) 5. (D)
6. (A)
Solution
Section (A) : Ordered pair , Cartesian product, Relation, Domain and Range of Relation
1. n(A × B) = n(A) × n(B) = 3 × 3 = 9
2. A = {2, 3}, B = {2, 4}, C = {4, 5}
B C = {4} A × (B C) = {(2, 4) , (3, 4)}.
3. Number of relation from A to B = 212
4. If x = 2 then y = 1, If x = 3 then y = 3,
If x = 4 then y = 5, If x = 5 then y = 7,
5. (i) Domain of R
= first element of pairs (x, y)
= {– 3, – 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2, 3}
(ii) Range set consisting of 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2
= {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}
6. (–1,2) A × A
– 1 A , 2 A and (0,1) A × A 0 A, 1 A
So, A = {–1,0,1,2} as A has four elements
and S = {–1,0), (1,–1) , (–1,2), (0,1), (0,2), (1,2)}
Hence the required element of S are given by (a)
Section (B) : Ordered pair , Cartesian product, Relation, Domain and Range of Relation
1. B U C = {c, d, e} , B C= {d}
A (B C) =
A (B C) = {a, b, d}
A × (B C)= {(a, c), (a, d), (a, e), (b, c), (b, d), (b, e)}
A × (B C) = {(a, d), (b, d)}
2. n(A) = 3, n(B) = 2; n(C) = 3
n(A B C) = 3.2.3. = 18.
3. A × B is a relation defined from set A to set B
4. Obviously R A× B
5. R1 Domain = {1, 3, 5}
Range = {3, 5, 7} so R1 is a relation
R2 Domain = {1,2, 3, 4, 5}
Range = {1, 3, 5} so R2 is a relation
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R3 Domain = {1, 3, 5}
Range = {1, 3, 5, 7} so R3 is a relation
R4 Domain = {1, 2, 7} X so R4 is not a relation
6. A = {1, 2, 3}
–5 < a2 – b2 5
R = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (3, 2), (3, 3)}
Domain of R = {1, 2, 3}
Range of R = {1, 2, 3}
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