Cambridge IGCSE™

*2337870270*

CHEMISTRY0620/41
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) May/June 2020

 1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
●● Answer all questions.
●● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
●● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
●● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
●● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
●● Do not write on any bar codes.
●● You may use a calculator.
●● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.

INFORMATION
●● The total mark for this paper is 80.
●● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
●● The Periodic Table is printed in the question paper.

This document has 12 pages. Blank pages are indicated.

IB20 06_0620_41/5RP
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1 This question is about elements X, Y and Z.

34
(a) An atom of element X is represented as 16 X.

(i) Name the different types of particles found in the nucleus of this atom of X.
protons and neutrons
..............................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................ [2]

(ii) What is the term for the total number of particles in the nucleus of an atom?

........................................................................................................................................
nucleon number [1]
34
(iii) What is the total number of particles in the nucleus of an atom of 16 X?
18
........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iv) What is the electronic structure of the ion X2–?

2,8,8,2
........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(v) Suggest the formula of the compound formed between aluminium and X.
AL2X3
........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(b) (i) What term is used to describe atoms of the same element with different numbers of
particles in the nucleus?
isotopes or ions
........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Identify the atom against which the relative masses of all other atoms are compared.
c12 atom
........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii) What is the name of the amount of any substance that contains 6.02 × 1023 particles?
one mole
........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iv) The constant 6.02 × 1023 has a name.

What is the name of this constant?

avogadro constant
........................................................................................................................................ [1]

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(c) P
 art of the definition of relative atomic mass is ‘the average mass of naturally occurring atoms
of an element’.

Some relative atomic masses are not whole numbers.

Element Y has only two different types of atom, 69Y and 71Y.

The ratio of atoms present in element Y is shown.

69
Y : 71Y = 3 : 2

●● Calculate the relative atomic mass of element Y to one decimal place.

(69x3+71x2)/5

70.2
 relative atomic mass = ..............................

●● Identify element Y.
gallium
..............................................................................................................................................
[3]

(d) Element Z is in Period 3 and Group V.

(i) Identify element Z.

phosphorus
........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Explain in terms of electron transfer why Z behaves chemically as a non-metal.

because it gains has -3 oxidation
..............................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................ [2]

 [Total: 16]

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2 Magnesium is a metal.

(a) Name and describe the bonding in magnesium.

mettalic bonding
name ...........................................................................................................................................
the lattice of positive ions are embedded in a sea on delocalized electrons
description of bonding ................................................................................................................
electrostatic forces attract the poditive and n
.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................
[4]

(b) Magnesium oxide, MgO, is formed when magnesium burns in oxygen.

(i) Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement of the ions in
magnesium oxide.
The inner shells have been drawn.
Give the charges on the ions.

......... .........

Mg O

[3]

(ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction that occurs when magnesium burns in oxygen.

........................................................................................................................................ [2]

(c) Magnesium oxide also forms when magnesium nitrate, Mg(NO3)2, is heated strongly. This is an
endothermic reaction.

(i) Write the chemical equation for this reaction.

........................................................................................................................................ [2]

(ii) What type of reaction is this?

thermal decomposition
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
2Mg(no3)2 ==> 2Mgo + O2-+o2
(iii) Name two other compounds of magnesium that form magnesium oxide when heated.
Mg(CO3)2,MgSO4
..............................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................ [2]

 [Total: 14]

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3 Sulfur dioxide, SO2, is used in the manufacture of sulfuric acid.

(a) In the first stage of the process, sulfur dioxide is obtained from sulfur-containing ores.

Name one of these ores.

copper pyrites
...............................................................................................................................................
ZnSO4 [1]

(b) The next stage of the process is a reaction which can reach equilibrium.

The equation for this stage is shown.

2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g)

(i) Describe two features of an equilibrium.

the rate of the forward and backward reactions are same
..............................................................................................................................................
the
........................................................................................................................................ [2]

(ii) Name the catalyst used in this stage.

vanadium5 pentaoxide
........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii) Why is a catalyst used?

to speed up a chemical reaction
........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iv) Explain, in terms of particles, why a high temperature increases the rate of this reaction.

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................ [3]

(v) In this stage, only a moderate temperature of 450 °C is used.

What does this suggest about the forward reaction?

that it is exothermic
........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(vi) Calculate the percentage by mass of sulfur in sulfur trioxide, SO3.

 percentage = .............................. [2]

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(c) Concentrated sulfuric acid is a dehydrating agent which can chemically remove water from
substances.

Both hydrated copper(II) sulfate crystals and sucrose (a sugar), C12H22O11, can be completely
dehydrated by concentrated sulfuric acid.

Name the solid product formed in each case.

anydrous copper2 sulphate
hydrated copper(II) sulfate crystals ............................................................................................

sucrose .......................................................................................................................................
[2]

(d) When propan-1-ol is heated with concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst an unsaturated
hydrocarbon of relative molecular mass 42 is formed and one other product.

(i) What is meant by the term unsaturated ?

contains no carbon carbon double bonds
........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Write the chemical equation for this reaction.

........................................................................................................................................ [2]

(iii) Name the unsaturated hydrocarbon formed.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

 [Total: 17]

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4 This question is about reactions of bases and acids.

(a) Ammonia is a gas at room temperature.

What is the test for ammonia gas? Describe the positive result of this test.
damp red litmus paper
test ..............................................................................................................................................
the paper will become blue if ammonia is present
result ...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Ammonia reacts with water to form ions.

NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH–

(i) How does this equation show that ammonia, NH3, behaves as a base?
it forms OH- molecules
........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Aqueous ammonia is described as a weak base.

Suggest the pH of aqueous ammonia.

7.5-9
 pH = .............................. [1]

(iii) Describe what is seen when aqueous ammonia is added to aqueous copper(II) sulfate,
until no further change is seen.

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................ [3]

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(c) Aqueous sodium hydroxide, NaOH(aq), is a strong alkali that reacts with dilute sulfuric acid
exothermically.

(i) What type of reaction is this?

nuetralization reaction
........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Complete the equation for the reaction between aqueous sodium hydroxide and dilute
sulfuric acid.
2H2O
Na2SO4
2NaOH + H2SO4 → ......................... + .........................
[2]

(d) A
 student wanted to find the concentration of some dilute sulfuric acid by titration. The student
found that 25.0 cm3 of 0.0400 mol / dm3 NaOH(aq) reacted exactly with 20.0 cm3 of H2SO4(aq).

(i) Name a suitable indicator to use in this titration.

methyl orange
........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Calculate the concentration of the H2SO4(aq) in mol / dm3 using the following steps.

●● Calculate the number of moles of NaOH in 25.0 cm3.

25 x0.04molea perdm3

1x10^-3
 moles = ..............................

●● Deduce the number of moles of H2SO4 that reacted with the 25.0 cm3 of NaOH(aq).

1x10^-3
 moles = ..............................

●● Calculate the concentration of H2SO4(aq) in mol / dm3.

.001/20
5x10^-4

ansx100 0.5
 concentration = .............................. mol / dm3
[3]

(iii) Calculate the concentration of the 0.0400 mol / dm3 NaOH(aq) in g / dm3.

 concentration = .............................. g / dm3 [2]

 [Total: 16]

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5 Ethanol is manufactured by two different processes.

(a) For each process, name the organic reactant and state the type of reaction.
gluecose and yeast frementation
organic reactant ............................................... type of reaction ...............................................

organic reactant ............................................... type of reaction ...............................................

[4]

(b) Alcohols can be oxidised to form carboxylic acids.

Name a suitable oxidising agent for this reaction.

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Alcohols can be partially oxidised to form aldehydes.

Aldehydes are a homologous series of organic compounds.

Partial oxidation is achieved by reacting an alcohol with the oxidising agent in distillation
apparatus as shown.

thermometer

round-bottomed
flask

distillate
heat

(i) Name apparatus A.

condenser
........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) On the diagram, use one arrow to show where water enters apparatus A.[1]

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(d) The table shows some information about aldehydes.

(i) Complete the table.

name ethanal propanal butanal

....................

molecular formula CH2O C 2H 4O C 3H 6O

....................

[2]

(ii) Deduce the general formula of aldehydes.

CnH2nO
........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(e) The structural formula of ethanal is shown.

H O
H C C

H H

The C=O group in aldehydes is at the end of the carbon chain.

This is a reactive part of the molecule.

(i) What is the name given to the reactive part of any organic molecule?
functional group
........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement of a molecule of
ethanal. Inner shells have been drawn.

H O

H C C

H
H

[3]

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(f) Propanone belongs to a homologous series called ketones. Ketones have the same C=O
group as aldehydes but the C=O group is not at the end of the carbon chain. Propanone has
the same molecular formula as propanal, C3H6O.

(i) What term is used to describe molecules with different structures but with the same
molecular formula?
structional isomers
........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Suggest the structure of propanone, C3H6O. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.

[2]

 [Total: 17]

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Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
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Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2020 0620/41/M/J/20

 The Periodic Table of Elements
Group

© UCLES 2020
I II III IV V VI VII VIII
1 2

H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
3 4 atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be atomic symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
7 9 relative atomic mass 11 12 14 16 19 20
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
12

85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

0620/41/M/J/20
lanthanoids
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
caesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Fl Lv
francium radium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium flerovium livermorium
– – – – – – – – – – – – –

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
lanthanoids La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
actinoids Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).