VTAMPS V15.

0
Kindergarten Set 4

Part 1: Multiple Choice Questions

1. Arrange the values of the choices below in increasing order. Which of the
following has the second-highest value?

A. 6+5−3
B. 2+2+2+2+2
C. 10−4+5
D. 9−6+4

Answer: B
2. Each square below is surrounded by four red dots. If the groups below form a
pattern, how many dots are there in the 100th group?

A. 100
B. 102
C. 200
D. 202
3. Ten chocolate bars are divided equally among the children. Fifteen gummy bears
are also distributed to the same children. Each of them has the same number of
gummy bears as the others. If no chocolate bar and gummy bear are left, and there
is more than one child, how many children are there?

A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5

4. Counting numbers from 9 to 13 are arranged in the cells below. If the sum of the
three numbers in a line is 33, what could be the value of A?

A. 9
B. 11
C. 13
D. 15

5. There are 30 unit-squares below. What is the difference between the number of
green squares and yellow squares?
A. 2
B. 4
C. 8
D. 13

6. Figures below are from a puzzle game which has grid of squares with colored dots
occupying some of the squares. The goal is to connect the dots of the same color
by drawing a ‘path’ between them such that the entire grid would be occupied.
However, lines may not intersect and cannot go in diagonals. Let’s say the distance
between two green dots in Figure 1 is 14 cm. Solving the puzzle in Figure 2, what
would be the distance in cm between the two blue dots?
A. 7
B. 14
C. 20
D. 24

7. Counting numbers starting from 1 are arranged equally spaced around a circle in
a clockwise manner. If number 5 is directly opposite to number 9, how many
numbers are there?
A. 5
B. 8
C. 10
D. 12

8. Each of the puppies has six spots on each ear and three spots on each tail. If there
are three puppies, how many spots are there in all?

A. 24
B. 27
C. 35
D. 45

9. Which of the following numbers does not belong to the group?

{4, 9, 16, 36}

 A. 4
B. 9
C. 16
D. 36

10. A complete week is composed of seven days. Odd days are the extra days which
do not form a complete week. How many odd days are there in 47 days?

A. 0
B. 1
C. 3
D. 5

Part 2: Open-ended Questions

11. How many quarters are there in 5 wholes and a half?

12. Sandy the Squirrel was born in October 2013. She is now four years and 5 months
old. What month and year is today?

13. What is the sum of the values of 7 in 478,977,214,735?

14. Ella started skip-counting by four from 20 to 72. The first number she counted is
20, and the last number she counted is 72. How many numbers did she count in
total?
15. In eight years, Mia will be thrice her current age. How old will she be four years
from now?

16. Below is an 8 by 10 grid. Find the sum of the numbers in the middle four by four
grid.

17. How many counting numbers from 7 to 25 can we represent as the sum of two or
three equal addends?

18. If X = 2 + 2 + 2 + 8 and Y = 3 + 3 + 3, what is X - Y?

19. On planet Solaria, a day would last 32 hours. A digital clock on this planet shows
that 00:01 is one minute past midnight and 31:53 is 7 minutes before midnight.
What is the greatest possible sum of the digits on the digital clock?

20. An arrow pointing from one child to another means that the first one is taller than
the second. For example, Blake is taller than Cole. Who among them is the third
tallest?
21. If 60 is the minuend, how many possible subtrahends more than 0 but less than
60 are there such that the difference is a two-digit number?

22. What is the least number of colors required to fill in the regions so that no two
adjacent (sharing the same border) sides are of the same color?
23. How many monkeys are inside all four rectangles?

24. What number should replace A?

25. Which number best represents the red dash line which is exactly between two
hash marks?
 VTAMPS V15.0
Kindergarten Set 4
Solutions Manual

Part 1: Multiple Choice Questions

1. Arrange the values of the choices below in increasing order. Which of the following
has the second-highest value?

E. 6+5−3
F. 2+2+2+2+2
G. 10−4+5
H. 9−6+4
Answer: B
A. 6+5−3 = 8
B. 2+2+2+2+2 = 10
C. 10−4+5 = 11
D. 9−6+4 = 7
7 < 8 < 10 < 11
2. Each square below is surrounded by four red dots. If the groups below form a pattern,
how many dots are there in the 100th group?

A. 100
B. 102
C. 200
D. 202
Answer: D
Group 1 4
Group 2 6
Group 3 8
To get to the 100th group, we need to see the pattern. The number of dots on each group
increases by 2. That means we can skip count by 2 starting with 4 to get to the 100th group.
Number of groups after the first to get to the 100th group: 100 – 1 = 99
Multiplying by the common difference between groups: 99 × 2 = 198
Getting the number of dots on the 100th group:
198 + 4 = 202

3. Ten chocolate bars are divided equally among the children. Fifteen gummy bears are
also distributed to the same children. Each of them has the same number of gummy
bears as the others. If no chocolate bar and gummy bear are left, and there is more
than one child, how many children are there?

A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
Answer: D
10
Ten chocolate bars are divided equally among the children, so each child gets chocolate
𝑥
bars.
15
Fifteen gummy bears are also distributed to the same children, so each child gets gummy
𝑥
bears.
For no chocolate bar and gummy bear to be left, x must be a common divisor of 10 and 15.
Common divisors of 10 and 15 are 1 and 5.
Therefore, the correct answer is: D) 5

4. Counting numbers from 9 to 13 are arranged in the cells below. If the sum of the three
numbers in a line is 33, what could be the value of A?
 A. 9
B. 11
C. 13
D. 15
Answer: B
If A gets to be added on each of the line, that means the sum of the numbers on the empty
cells of each line must be equal.
The consecutive numbers are:
9, 10, 11, 12, 13.
To get equal sums of two numbers, we must add:
9 + 13 = 22 (1st and last)
10 + 12 = 22 (2nd and 2nd to the last)

We are only left with 11 and 22 + 11 = 33.

Therefore, A = 11.
5. There are 30 unit-squares below. What is the difference between the number of green
squares and yellow squares?
A. 2
B. 4
C. 8
D. 13
Answer: C
Green:
1 by 1 squares → 17
2 by 2 squares → 5
3 by 3 squares → 1
Total → 17 + 5 + 1 = 23

Yellow:
1 by 1 squares → 13
2 by 2 squares → 2
Total → 13 + 2 = 15
Difference: 23 – 15 = 8
6. Figures below are from a puzzle game which has grid of squares with colored dots
occupying some of the squares. The goal is to connect the dots of the same color by
drawing a ‘path’ between them such that the entire grid would be occupied. However,
lines may not intersect and cannot go in diagonals. Let’s say the distance between two
green dots in Figure 1 is 14 cm. Solving the puzzle in Figure 2, what would be the
distance in cm between the two blue dots?
 A. 7
B. 14
C. 20
D. 24
Answer: C
The distance between two green dots in Figure 1 is 14 cm and there are 7 squares on the
path. Each square would be 14 ÷ 7 = 2 cm.
Solving the puzzle:

The path to connect the blue dots covers 10 squares. Thus, the distance would be:
10 × 2 = 20 cm
10 + 10 = 20 cm
 7. Counting numbers starting from 1 are arranged equally spaced around a circle in a
clockwise manner. If number 5 is directly opposite to number 9, how many numbers
are there?
A. 5
B. 8
C. 10
D. 12
Answer: 10
Since 5 is directly opposite to number 9 and there are 5 numbers from 5 to 9, the total
number of numbers arranged equally spaced around the circle is twice the count from 5
to 9 (since the circle has symmetry).
So, the total number of numbers is
5 + 5 = 10
2 × 5 = 10.
Therefore, the correct answer is: C) 10.
8. Each of the puppies has six spots on each ear and three spots on each tail. If there are
three puppies, how many spots are there in all?

A. 24
B. 27
C. 35
D. 45
Answer: D
For each puppy:
• Six spots on each ear. Each puppy has 2 ears.
6 × 2 = 12 𝑜𝑟 6 + 6 = 12
o Three spots on each tail
So, for one puppy, the total number of spots is 12+3=15.
Since there are 3 puppies, the total spots are
15 + 15 + 15 = 45
or 15×3= 45
9. Which of the following numbers does not belong to the group?

{4, 9, 16, 36}

 A. 4
B. 9
C. 16
D. 36
Answer: B
All of the numbers are perfect squares.
2×2= 4
3×3= 9
4 × 4 = 16
6 × 6 = 36
But only 9 is a perfect square of an odd number which is 3. Hence, the rest of the
numbers are even.
10. A complete week is composed of seven days. Odd days are the extra days which do
not form a complete week. How many odd days are there in 47 days?

A. 0
B. 1
C. 3
D. 5

Answer: D
Odd days occur when the total number of days is not perfectly divisible by 7.
For 47 days:
7 + 7 + 7 + 7 + 7 + 7 = 42
If we add another 7, the result would be greater than 47: 42 + 7 = 49
Thus, we stop at 42, and get the extra days by subtracting:
47 - 42 = 5
Thus, there are 5 odd days in 47 days.
Part 2: Open-ended Questions
11. How many quarters are there in 5 wholes and a half?
Answer: 22

A quarter is ¼ of a whole. That means in 1 whole, there are 4 quarters.

For 5 wholes:
4 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 20
4 × 5 = 20
A half of a whole is the same as 2 quarters.
Total: 20 + 2 = 22

12. Sandy the Squirrel was born in October 2013. She is now four years and 5 months old.
What month and year is today?

Answer: March 2018

To find the current month and year, we need to add 4 years and 5 months to her birthdate.
Year: October 2013 + 4 years = October 2017
Month (+5 months):
October 2017
(1) November 2017
(2) December 2017
(3) January 2018
(4) February 2018
(5) March 2018
Therefore, the correct answer is March 2018.

13. What is the sum of the values of 7 in 478,977,214,735?

Answer: 70,077,000,700
The place values of 7 in the number are as follows:
In the hundreds place: 700
In the millions place: 7,000,000
In the ten millions place: 70,000,000
In the ten billions place: 70,000,000,000
Now, let's add these values:
700+7,000,000+70,000,000+70,000,000,000
= 70,077,000,700
14. Ella started skip-counting by four from 20 to 72. The first number she counted is 20,
and the last number she counted is 72. How many numbers did she count in total?
Answer: 14
To find the number of numbers Ella counted, we can use the formula for finding the count in
an arithmetic sequence:
𝐿𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚−𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚
Count = +1
𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒

In this case, the first term is 20, the last term is 72, and the common difference is 4.
72−20
Count = +1
4
 15. In eight years, Mia will be thrice her current age. How old will she be four years from
now?
Answer: 8
Let C represent Mia's current age.
According to the given information:
1. In 8 years, Mia will be C + 8 years old.
2. At that time, she will be thrice her current age: C + 8 = 3C.
Solving for C:
8 = 3C – C
8 = 2C
4=C
Therefore, Mia's current age is 4 years old.
Now, to find Mia's age 4 years from now:
4+4=8
16. Below is an 8 by 10 grid. Find the sum of the numbers in the middle four by four grid.
Answer: 80

Solving for each row,

5 + 6 + 2 + 9 = 22
5 + 0 + 4 + 8 = 17
3 + 8 + 5 + 7 = 23
8 + 1 + 7 + 2 = 18
Total: (22 + 18) + (23 + 17) = 40 + 40 = 80
17. How many counting numbers from 7 to 25 can we represent as the sum of two or
three equal addends?
Answer: 12
Let's analyze the counting numbers from 7 to 25 and find which ones can be represented
as the sum of two or three equal addends:
7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25
Numbers that can be represented as the sum of two or three equal addends are multiples
of 2 or 3:
8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 21, 22, 24

18. If X = 2 + 2 + 2 + 8 and Y = 3 + 3 + 3, what is X - Y?

Answer: 5
Let's calculate the values for X and Y:
X = 2 + 2 + 2 + 8 = 14
Y=3+3+3=9
Now, find the difference X - Y:
14 - 9 = 5

19. On planet Solaria, a day would last 32 hours. A digital clock on this planet shows that
00:01 is one minute past midnight and 31:53 is 7 minutes before midnight. What is
the greatest possible sum of the digits on the digital clock?
Answer: 25
Let’s look at the digits that we can put on the hour hand of our clock first (orange). Since a
day lasts 32 hours, the largest we can put on the first digit is 3 but then for the second digit,
we can only put 1. However, if we put 2 on the first digit which is the next larger digit, we
can put 9 (the largest value) on the second digit.
3+1<2+9

2 9 :

Now, for the minute hand of our clock (green), since 31:53 is 7 minutes before midnight, the
largest we can put on the first digit is 5. Since an hour lasts 60 minutes, the largest we can
put on the second digit should be 9.

2 9 : 5 9

Thus, the largest sum of digits would be:

2 + 9 + 5 + 9 = 25
20. An arrow pointing from one child to another means that the first one is taller than
the second. For example, Blake is taller than Cole. Who among them is the third
tallest?
Answer: Cole
A – Ava, B – Blake, C – Cole,
D – Drew, E – Elle, F – Finn
From left to right, starting with Drew:
1. D > B > C > A
2. D > E > A
3. C > F > E
Now, let’s analyze the relationships.
1 and 2 tells us that E and C are taller than A and on 3, we can also tell that C is taller than E
and F is also taller than E. Integrating, we can have:
D>B>C>F>E>A
Therefore, the third tallest is Cole.
21. If 60 is the minuend, how many possible subtrahends more than 0 but less than 60
are there such that the difference is a two-digit number?
Answer: 50
The minimum 2-digit difference we can have is 10.
If we start at 1, and subtract it from 60, we get 59, which is a two-digit number.
We continue increasing the subtrahend until the difference is 10, which is the minimum 2-
digit difference we can have.
60 – 1 = 59
60 – 2 = 58
60 – 3 = 57
…
60 – 50 = 10.
If we have a subtrahend more than 50, it will now result to a 1-digit difference.
60 – 51 = 9
60 – 52 = 8
…
60 – 59 = 1
We can count (59 – 51) + 1 = 9 numbers that would be excluded. There will be a total of 59
numbers from 1 to 59. Hence, 59 – 9 = 50 subtrahends give a 2-digit difference.

22. What is the least number of colors required to fill in the regions so that no two
adjacent (sharing the same border) sides are of the same color?

Answer: 2
We can put at least two alternating colors to make sure no two adjacent sides have the same
color.

23. How many monkeys are inside all four rectangles?

Answer: 3
 24. What number should replace A?

Answer: 17
8 + 9 = 17
11 + 6 = 17
Thus, A = 17.
25. Which number best represents the red dash line which is exactly between two hash
marks?

Answer: 285
Let’s first get the difference between the starting and the last number:
360 − 240 = 120
Now, starting with 240, 120 units would be distributed to each of the spaces between 2
hash marks to get to 360. We can count a total of 12 spaces in between.
120 ÷ 12 = 10
Hence, each space is 10 units. Half of 10 is 5.
Now, we add exactly 4 spaces and a half to 240.
4 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑠 = 10 × 4 = 40 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
240 + 40 + 5 = 285.