Lesson01 (ETHICS IN BUSINESS) 10‫الدرس‬

‘’Providing that / Provided that / As long as‘’

1) We will eradicate corruption providing that governments punish corrupt people.
2) We will eradicate corruption provided that governments punish corrupt people.
3) We will eradicate corruption as long as governments punish corrupt people.
.‫) نستطيع القضاء على الفساد بشرط أن الحكومة تعاقب المفسدين‬0

‘’Providing that / Provided that / As long as ‘’ ‘’‫’’بشرط أن‬

We use ‘’ Providing that – Provided that – as long as’’ to express the Condition

.‫ ’‘ للتعبير عن الشـرط‬Providing that / Provided that / As long as ‘’ ‫نستعمل‬

1) We will eradicate corruption providing that governments punish corrupt people.

Future Simple (Verb) Present Simple (Verb)

Providing )that( governments punish corrupt people , we will eradicate corruption.

.‫’‘ بدون تغيير في معنى الجملة‬that’’ ‫ يكمننا االستغناء عن الكلمة‬:‫مالحظة‬

1) The country will prosper as long as we fight corruption.

Result Clause Conjunction Conditional Clause

The Future Simple Provided (that) The Present Simple
(Verb) Providing (that) (Verb)
As long as

2) As long as we fight corruption , the country will prosper.

Conjunction Conditional Clause Comma Result Clause

Provided (that) The Present Simple The Future Simple
Providing (that) (Verb) (,) (Verb)
As long as
.‫ عندما نضع أدوات الشرط في بداية الجملة البد من وضع فاصلة بين الجملتين‬:‫مالحظة‬
Activity One: Combine the following sentence pairs using the conjunction in
brackets, making the necessary changes.
1) a) I go to university. (As long as)
b) I get my BAC Exam.
2) a) You can’t drive the car. (Providing)
b) You are 18 years old.
3) a) She fails the exam (Provided that)
b) She does not revise her lessons.
4) a) I don’t go out this evening. (providing that)
b) I can watch my best movie.
5) a) You can’t be a doctor. (as long as)
b) You are very good at sciences.
Activity Two: Read the sentences and decide whether they are ‘’Correct’’ or ‘’Incorrect’’.

1) Providing that it does not rain, I will go out.

a) Correct
b) Incorrect
2) As long as you will eat junk food, you put weight on.
a) Correct
b) Incorrect
3) You can drive the car provided you drive slowly.
a) Correct
b) Incorrect
4) Providing that you will ask me, you will take my car.
a) Correct
b) Incorrect
5) As long as governments will pass severe laws, corruption will decrease.
a) Correct
b) Incorrect
Lesson02 (ETHICS IN BUSINESS) 12‫الدرس‬
‘’Wish‘’
1) I wish you stopped smoking. .‫أتمنى لو أنك توقف التدخين‬
2) I wish I were a rich man. .‫أتمنى لو أني انسان غني‬
We use ‘’I wish’’ to express a Regret about a Present Situation that is
Impossible to Change.
‫’‘ للتعبير عن الندم عن وضعية في الوقت الحاضر و التي ال يمكن‬I wish’’ ‫ نستعمل‬
)I wish ‫ و تكون الجملة كالتالي (أهم شيء البد من مراعاته هو زمن الفعل بعد‬.‫تغيرها‬
I + wish + (that) Subject + Verb (Past Simple)
.‫( يمكننك وضعها في الجملة كما ال يؤثر عدم وضعها في الجملة‬that) ‫ بالنسبة للكلمة‬
1) I am very fat now. I wish I had not eaten too much.
2) I did not pass the exam. I wish I had followed the advice of my
teachers.
 To express a Regret about the past simple, we use:
‫’‘ في‬I wish’’ ‫ نضع الفعل بعد‬،‫ وضع من الماضي‬/‫ في حالة التعبير عن الندم عن حدث‬
:‫’‘ و تكون الجملة كالتالي‬The Past Perfect’’‫الماضي التام‬
Subject + wish (that) + Verb (the Past Perfect)
1) I wish I would meet my friend tomorrow. ‫أتمنى أن التقي بصديقي غدا‬
2) I wish you would stop talking. .‫أتمنى أن تتوقف عن الحديث‬
 To express a future wish we use:
‫’‘ و الفعل يكون‬would’’ ‫’‘ الكلمة‬I wish’’ ‫للتعبير عن أمنية في المستقبل نستعمل بعد‬
:‫’‘ و تكون الجملة كالتالي‬Stem’’ ‫غير مصرف‬
Subject + wish + would + Verb (Stem)
‫( من خالل معنى‬Past , Present , Future) ‫ يمكننا التفريق بين نوع األمنية‬:‫مالحظة‬
.‫( الموجودة في الجملة‬The Time Markers) ‫الجملة أو من خالل ظروف الزمان‬
Activity One: Choose ‘a, b, or c’’ and complete the following sentences.
1) I don’t have a car. I wish I …………………… a car.
a) have b) having c) had
2) I am at work right now. I wish I …………………… free.
a) was b) were c) been
3) He was absent yesterday. He wishes that …………………… present.
a) had b) was c) had been
4) It is too cold outside. I wish it …………………… warm.
a) was b) being c) had been
5) She can’t drive the car. She wishes that she……………………the car.
a) would drive b) can drive c) could drive
6) The flowers are dying. I wish that it ……………………
a) rained b) raining c) will rain
Activity Two : Complete these sentences using "would / wouldn't".
1) I wish people…………………… protect and feed the animals.
2) I wish people …………………… cut off trees anymore.
3) I wish my students…………………… finish their homework on time.
4) I wish my mother…………………… cook pasta. I love it !
5) I wish people …………………… pick the flowers.
6) I wish people …………………… give bribery anymore.
7) I wish governments …………………… jail corrupt people.
Activity Three: Complete the following sentences using the past simple / the past perfect.
1) a) I am shy.
b) I wish that I …………………………………………………………………………….
2) a) I found the test very difficult.
b) I wish ………………………………………………………………………………………
3) a) She went out without an umbrella.
b) She wishes ………………………………………………………………………………
4) a) I have too much work to do now.
c) I wish ………………………………………………………………………………………
Lesson03 (ETHICS IN BUSINESS) 13‫الدرس‬

‘’Should / Ought to / Had better’’

‘’Should, Ought to, and Had better’’ are Three Modal Verbs used to give
Advice and Warning.

‫’‘ للتعبير عن النصيـحة أو التحـــذير‬Should / Ought to / Had better’’ ‫ نستعمل‬-

Modal Affirmative (+) Negative (-) Question (?)

Should Subject + should + V Should +not +stem Should + Subject +
(stem) Stem
Shouldn’t + stem
Ought to Subject + ought to + V ought not to + ---------------
(stem) Verb (stem)
Had better Subject + had better + V Subject + had better ---------------
(stem) + not + V (stem)
‘’Ought to / Had better’’ don’t have The Interrogative Form (Question Form)

.‫’‘ ال نستعملهــــما في طرح السؤال‬Ought to / Had Better’’ -

 We use ‘’should / ought to’’ to give Advice or an Opinion
.‫’‘ نستعملهما للتعبير عن النصيحة أو ابداء الرأي‬should / ought to’’ -
1) Your grades are too weak. You should study hard.
‫ ابداء رأي‬/ ‫ ==== نصيحة‬.‫ نتائجك ضعيفة عليك بالدراسة أكثر‬-

2) You ought not to watch TV for too much time.

‫ ابداء رأي‬/ ‫ ==== نصيحة‬.‫ عليك أال تشاهد التلفاز لوقت أطول‬-

1) You had better drive the car slowly.

2) You had better not waste your time playing video games.

 We use had better to give advice. If one does not follow this advice
there will be a problem / a danger.
‫ لكن في حالة عدم اتباع هذه النصيحة يتسبب في‬،‫’‘ إلعطاء نصيحة‬Had better’’ ‫ نستعمل‬-
.‫مشكل أو خطر للشخص‬
‘’Had better, ought to, should’’ ‫( بعد‬Verb Stem)‫ دائما نضع الفعل المصدر‬:‫مالحظة‬
.‫أي الفعل يكون غير مصرف‬
Activity One: Choose ‘’a, b, or c’’ to complete the following sentences.

1) You should ……………….………….. right now. It is too early.

a) going b) go c) went
2) I had better ……………….………….. I am not feeling well.
a) not go out b) don’t going out c) go out not
3) You ought to ……………….………….. a new car.
a) to buy b) buying c) buy
4) What ……………….…………. I do now? I am lost!
a) ought to b) had better c) should
5) She had better ……………….…………. this medicine now. It will help her relief.
a) taking b) take c) took

Activity Two: Find the mistakes in these sentences. Rewrite the sentences correctly.

1) He ought take him to the hospital.

…………………………………………………………………..………………………………………..
2) You should to help people.
…………………………………………………………………..………………………………………..
3) He has better do his homework daily.
…………………………………………………………………..………………………………………..
4) He is ill. He ought to not go out this evening.
…………………………………………………………………..………………………………………..
5) I had not better put hot water on the burn.
…………………………………………………………………..………………………………………..
Activity Three: Complete the following sentences using the appropriate expression from the list.

go to the doctor – leave now - not do that again – go to another the

restaurant – take a sandwich with me
1) I have to be at school in ten minutes.
I …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2) You don’t look very well.
You ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
3) The restaurant is often crowded.
We ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
4) I will not have time to go out for lunch.
I ………………………………………………………………………………………………….……
5) I was very angry with you.
You ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Lesson04 (ETHICS IN BUSINESS) 14‫الدرس‬
‘’It is time / It is about time / It is high time’’

1) It is time you revised your lessons.

2) It is about time you revised your lessons.
3) It is high time you revised your lessons.

‘’It is time / It is about time / It is high time’’ are expressions used to

to express dissatisfaction.

‫’‘ للتعبير عن حالة‬It is time / It is about time / It is high time’’ ‫ نستعمل‬-

:‫ و تكون الجملة كالتالي‬، ‫ أو لنقد وضعية معينة‬/ ‫االستياء‬

It is time + Subject + Verb (In the Past Simple tense)

‘’It is time / It is about time / It is high time’’ ‫ أهم شيء هو زمن الفعل بعد‬:‫مالحظة‬
‘’The Past Simple’’ ‫ودائما يكون في الماضي البسيط‬

Activity One: Choose the correct verb to complete the following sentences.

1) It time you ………………………… to bed. It is 11:30 pm.

a) go b) going c) went

2) It is high time people ………………………… giving bribery.

a) Stopped b) stop c) stopping

3) It is about time rich people ………………………… the taxes.

a) Pay b) paid c) paying

4) It is time governments ………………………… tax evasion.

a) Fighting b) fight c) fought

Activity Two: Re-order the following words to get coherent sentences.

1) / It / high time / it is / to bed / 11 pm / . / is / went / you / . /

…………………………………………………………………………………………
2) / you / It / about / . / studying / is / started / time /
…………………………………………………………………………………….……
3) / governments / It / high / is / . / corruption / fought / time /
………………………………………………………………………………………….
4) / to / for a new / It is / time / apply / job / . / high / for me /
…………………………………………………………………………………………
5) / is / . / It / we / had / high / dinner / time / . / is / It / 9 pm /
…………………………………………………………………………………………

Activity Two: Complete the following sentences using the right verb from the list.

start / eat / finish / stop / do / speak / buy / clean

1) It's high time we ……………….………… to home. It is too dirty.

2) It's about time to ……………….………… to study harder.

3) It's time you ……………….………… to your parents about the problem.

4) It's about time to ……………….………… smoking.

5) It's time you ……………….………… your homework.

6) It's high time my father ……………….………… a new car. His car is very old.

7) It's high time he ……………….………… less food. He is very overweight!

8) It's about time we ……………….………… the project on time.

Lesson05 (ETHICS IN BUSINESS) 15‫الدرس‬
‘’The Cause‘’
To express the cause, we use connectors / conjunctions and expressions.
Connectors For, Because, As, Since
Expressions Because of , due to, owing to, Thanks to
Example:
1) I study hard because I want to pass the final exam.
2) I missed the bus as I got up very late this morning.
3) Since he is too fat , he can’t run very fast.
Sentence 1 The conjunction Sentence 2
The Conjunction Sentence 2 Comma (,) Sentence 1
Eg: 1) She can’t go out right now because it is raining outside.
Because it is raining outside , she can’t go out right now.
Because can be replaced by: ‘’ For, As , Since ‘’
The Cause Expressions: ‘’Because of / Due to / Owing to / Thanks to’’
Examples:
1) Because of the snow , the flights were cancelled.

2) I got bad results due to / owing to the difficulty of the exam.

3) Thanks to his hard work , he got super results.

He got super results thanks to his hard work.

Thanks to / Due to / Owing to + A Noun Phrase

Activity One: Choose ‘’a, b, or c’’ to complete the following sentences.
1) The police arrested him …………………… he broke into the bank last night.
a) because b) due to c) owing to
2) ……………… being too busy yesterday, I couldn’t come.
a) as b) since c) due to
3) She got bad results …………………… his laziness.
a) for b) due to c) because
4) My friend was punished ………………… she laid on the teacher.
a) as b) due to c) because of
5) I didn’t finish the movies …………………. It wasn’t very enjoyable.
a) Owing to b) because of c) because
Activity Two: re-order the following words to get coherent sentences.
1) Because / . / , / love / I / you / I / will / for you / do everything /
…………………………………………………………………………………….........…….
2) / since / it / . / I / too late / will / to home / go / is /
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
3) / We / due to / the bad weather / cancelled / . / the walk /
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
4) / owing to / came / the traffic jam / I / late / to home / . /
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
5) / thanks to / . / She / her intelligence / good marks / got /
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
Activity Three:
A) Match the following pairs to get coherent sentences.

A B
She phoned the police He is going to Paris
I didn’t have any lunch losing his wallet.
He wants to learn French I thought it might rain
Our plane was delayed I wasn’t hungry.
I took an umbrella the fog.

B) Match the pairs using: ‘’because / because of’’.

1) ………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………

2) ………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………

3) ………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………

4) ………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………

5) ………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………
Lesson06 (ETHICS IN BUSINESS) 16‫الدرس‬
‘’The Result‘’
We express the result with connectors / conjunctions and expressions.
Connectors So, Therefore, Thus, Consequently
Expressions As a result , As a consequence,
1) I have a sore throat , so I will go to the doctor.
2) I went to bed late yesterday; therefore / consequently, I did not get up early.
3) He took the taxi. Thus , he arrived too early.
Sentence 1 The Result conjunction Sentence 2
0 ‫العبارة‬ )‫الرابط (النتيجة‬ 2 ‫العبارة‬

1) I am very busy , so I can’t watch the movie now.

The Cause Clause Result Clause
.‫ إذن ال أستطيع مشاهدة الفيلم االن‬، ‫ أنا مشغول حاليا‬-
‫’‘ ال تأتي في‬The Result Conjunctions’’ ‫ الروابط التي تدل على النتيجة‬:‫مالحظة‬
.‫ دائما تأتي في وسط الجملة‬.‫بداية الجملة اطالقا‬
‫ الجدول التالي يلخص كيفية‬.‫عند استعمال هذه الروابط البد من احترام عالمات الوقف جيدا‬
.‫استخدام هذه الروابط مع عالمات الوقف الخاصة بها‬
. Thus therefore so ‫الرابط‬
+ as a result + Consequently +
as a consequence
. Thus , ; conjunctions , , so ‫عالمة الوقف‬
Activity One: Choose ‘’a, b, or c’’ to complete the following sentences.
1) I forgot my password , ……………..……..…… I can’t log in my Facebook account.
a) so b) therefore c) as a result
2) I felt very tired ; ……………..……..…… , I left the party too early.
a) Consequently b) thus c) so
3) I don’t know the way ……………..……..…… I will take a taxi.
a) So b) Thus, c) , as a result ,
4) There are millions of cars in the city……………..……..…… the air is unclean.
a) so b) ; therefore , c) As a result;
5) The earth is getting warm……………..……..…… the ice is melting.
a) So b) Thus; c) ; as a consequence,
6) People are cutting trees off ……………..……..…… wild animals are in danger.
a) , as a result, b) , so, c) ; consequently,
Activity Two: Join each pair of these sentences using the conjunction in brackets.
1) There was too much noise in the class.
I could not understand the lesson. (so)
………………………………………….…………………………….…………………………………………….

2) We couldn’t watch the movie last night.

The electricity went off. (therefore)
………………………………………….…………………………….…………………………………………….

3) I don’t have any money.

Don’t ask me again (thus)
………………………………………….…………………………….…………………………………………….

4) Paul had a fever.

He stayed at home. (consequently)
………………………………………….…………………………….…………………………………………….

5) He can’t drive the car.

He always goes to work by car. (as a result)
………………………………………….…………………………….…………………………………………….
Lesson07 (ETHICS IN BUSINESS) 17‫الدرس‬
‘’So …… that / Such ………that’’
So …… that:
Examples:
1) It was so difficult test that no one has got over 10.
2) It is so hot that I can’t sleep well.
3) I was so happy last night that I could not sleep.
So + Adjective + That ===== Result
‘’ Result’’ ‫’‘ للتـــعبير عن النتيجة‬So + Adjective + that’’ ‫ نستعمل‬-
‘’So ….. that’’ ‫’‘ بين‬Adjective’’ ‫ دائما نضع صفة‬:‫مالحظة‬
Such …... that:
Examples:
1) It was such a good match that all people watched.

2) Algeria is such a beautiful country that many people visit it.

3) It is such an expensive car that I couldn’t buy it.

Such + Adjective + Noun + that ==== Result

‘’ Result’’ ‫’‘ للتـــعبير عن النتيجة‬So + Adjective + Noun + that’’ ‫ نستعمل‬-
‫’‘ بين‬Adjective + Noun ’’ ‫ دائما نضع صفة متبوعة بإسم‬:‫مالحظة‬
‘’Such….. that’’
so …… that so + adjective + that
such ….. that such + adjective + noun + that
Activity One: Complete the following sentences with:
‘’ so / such ‘’
1) It was ……………….…… rainy that I couldn’t go shopping.
2) It was ……………….……a great movie that I repeated it many times.
3) My sister is ……………….…… shy that she doesn’t ask for food or for drink.
4) The car is ……………….…… expensive that nobody could buy it.
5) She is ……………….……a kind woman that she has may friends.
6) This book is ……………….…… interesting that I always read it.
7) He is ……………….…… a clever boy that he speaks many languages.
8) My friend was ……………….……nervous that she did not speak to anyone.

Activity Two: Join each pair of sentences using ‘’so / such ….that’’.
1) a) Jessica is a brilliant woman.
b) Everyone wants to talk to her.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..

2) a) I am very bored.
b) I want just to sleep.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..

3) a) She has a great memory.

b) She is good at history.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
 Lesson08 (ETHICS IN BUSINESS) 18‫الدرس‬
‘’Passive Voice’’
 We use the passive voice when we focus on the action not on the doer
of the action.
The Active Voice My grandfather planted this tree. It is very old.
The Passive Voice This tree was planted by my grandfather. ….
 The Agent / The Subject of the Active sentence becomes the object
and the object of the Active sentence becomes the subject preceded
with: ‘’by’’ (the Agent)
The Form of the Passive Voice:
Verb To be + The Past Participle
Note:
‘’The Verb to be’’ is put in the tense of The Verb in the Active Sentence.
Passive Verb Tenses
The Tenses The Active Voice The Passive Voice
The Present Simple My father drives the car. The car is driven by my father
The Past Simple My father drove the car The car was driven by my father.
The Future Simple My father will drive the car. The car will be driven by my father
The Present Perfect My father has driven the car. The car has been driven by my father.
The Past Perfect My father had driven the car. The car had been driven by my father.
The Present Continuous My father is driving the car. The car is being driven by my father.
The Past Continuous My father was driving the car. The car was being driven by my father.
Modals My father should drive the car. The car should be driven by my father.

Subject Object Subject Object

I Me You You
He Him They Them
She Her We Us
It It You You
Activity One: Put the right form of the verb ‘’ to be’’.
1) A new bridge will ………………..………… built next year.
2) The home is ………………..………… cleaned by mother now.
3) My wallet ………………..………… found by someone.
4) The window has ………………..………… broken by one of the students.
5) My computer will ………………..………… repaired on Monday.
6) Paul had ………………..………… invited to the party.
7) A new planet has ………………..………… discovered by the NASA.
Activity Two: Form questions following the example in 1.

1) Paper is made from wood. ==== Is paper made from wood ?

2) The telephone was invented by Mr. Bell. ..…………..…………………………?
3) This picture was painted by Peter. ………………..………………………?
4) The thieves will be arrested by the police. …....…………………………………?
5) Champagne is made in France. …………………………..…………………?
6) The letters will be sent next week. ……………..………………………………?
7) The animals are fed three times a day. ………………………………………?
8) This article was written by Stanley. ………………………………………?

Activity Three: Write the passive voice using the past simple tense. Follow the
first example.

1) The toothbrush / invent / in the 15thcentury.

The toothbrush was invented in the 15th century.
2) The first public basketball game / play / in 1892.
……………………………………………………………….………………………………….
3) The first eyeglasses / wear / in the 1200s.
……………………………………………………………….…………………………………..
4) The first bicycle / ride in 1791.
……………………………………………………………….……………………………………
5) The first hot dog / eat / in the 1860s.
……………………………………………………………….…………………………………….
6) The first CDs / sell / in the 1980s.
……………………………………………………………….……………………………….
Activity Four: Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Simple Passive form.
Two men ………………………… (see) breaking into a house in my street last night.
The police ………………..……………… (call) and they arrived very quickly. One man
………………………… (catch) immediately. The other escaped, but he
………………………… (find) very soon. Both men ………………………… (take) to the
police station where they ………………………… (question) separately by a police
officer. The two men ………………………… (charge) with burglary.
Activity Five: Put a cross (X) in the right box.
Num Sentences Active Passive

01 The actress wore a beautiful gown.

02 The director has been nominated many times.

03 Halle Berry has been seen in many movies.
04 Halle Berry presented an Oscar.
05 Many actors live in California.
06 Many movies are made in Hollywood.
07 Old movies were filmed in black and white
08 Hollywood has become the movie capital of the U.S.
09 Hollywood was built at the beginning of the twentieth century.

Activity Six: Choose the right verb in brackets to complete these sentences.
1) The problem ……………….… to the children. (explained / was explained)
2) Those pyramids ……………….… around 400 AD. (built / were built)
3) All the trouble ……………….… by your mother. (has caused / was caused)
4) The visitors ……………….… (were shown / have shown) a collection of old pictures.
5) I ……………….… him ten thousand pounds last year. (lent / was lent)
6) She ……………….… of spiders. (frightened / is frightened)
7) That picture ……………….… by my grandmother. (painted / was painted)
8) I ……………….… by his bad behaviours. (shocked / was shocked)
9) Excuse the mess. The house ……………….… (is painting / is being painted )
10) I knew why I ……………….… (had chosen / had been chosen)
Lesson01 (SAFETY FIRST+ADVERTISING) 10‫الدرس‬
‘’Concession / Contrast ‘’
There are a lot of expressions of Concession / Contrast like:
‘’But, Yet, However, Although, Though, Even though, In spite /
Despite, In spite of / Despite of, While, Whereas, Even if’’
Examples:
1) It was raining heavily, but we went to the supermarket.
It was raining heavily, yet we went to the supermarket.
2) I worked hard during the year. However, I failed the exam.
I worked hard during the year; however, I failed the exam.
Note: The three conjunctions ‘’but, yet, however’’ are always but
in the middle of the sentence. )‫(دائما نضعهم في وســــط الجملة‬
The conjunctions: ‘’Though, Although, Whereas, While, In spite, In
spite of, Despite, Despite of, Even if ‘’ Are put in the middle or at the
start of the sentence.
‘’Though, Although, Whereas, While, In spite, In spite ‫الروابط التالية‬
‫ لكن البد‬.‫ وسط الجملة‬/ ‫ يمكن أن نضعها في بداية‬of, Despite, Despite of, Even if ‘’
:‫ انظر الى المثال التالي‬.‫من وضع فاصلة بين الجملتين عندما نضع هذه الروابط في بداية الجملة‬

1) Despite I am very tired , I can’t sleep at the moment.

This car is very expensive in spite it is very old.
Note:
Always put A Noun after the following expressions:
‘’In spite of / Despite Of ‘’ + A Noun / A Gerund (ing form)

:‫’‘ انظر الى المثال التالي‬In spite of / Despite of’’ ‫ دائما نضع إسم بعد‬-
1) In spite of the difficulty of the exam , I got a super mark.
2) Despite of driving his car fast , he didn’t have a crash.
Activity One: Choose ‘’a, b, or c’’ to complete the following sentences.

1) He is a rich man , …………………. he lives in a poor house.

a) but b) however c) although
2) …………………. she was sick, she went to school.
a) Although b) but c) in spite of
3) …………………. the bad weather, all the planes were on time.
a) But b) despite c) despite of
4) …………………. taking a taxi to work, you will be late.
a) in spite b) in spite of c) whereas
5) …………………. I love travelling by plane, my husband loves travelling by train.
a) But b) in spite of c) while

Activity Two: Join each pair of these sentences using the conjunction in brackets.
a) The weather was rainy. ( yet)
b) We enjoyed our holiday very much.
a) Being a poor man. ( in spite of)
b) He lives a happy life.
a) She went to work yesterday. (however)
b) She was very ill.
a) Corrupt people are jailed. (in spite)
b) They still take bribery.
a) She put on much weight. (despite of)
b) Going on a diet.
Activity Three: Rewrite these sentences using the words in brackets.
1) In spite of travelling the world, he doesn’t speak too many languages (although)

2) He is a sailor, but he can´t swim. (despite)

3) She did her best; however, she got a bad mark. (yet)

4) The traffic was terrible; however, we arrived on time. (in spite of)

5) Although he visited London, he can’t speak English well. (in spite of)
 Lesson02 (SAFETY FIRST+ADVERTISING) 12‫الدرس‬
‘’Modals‘’
‘’Can, Could, May, Might ‘’ are Modals. They are used to express
different meanings.
.‫’‘ هذه أفعال ناقصة تستخدم للتعبير عن معاني مختلفة‬Can, Could, May, Might’’ -
.‫الجدول التالي يوضح لكم باختصار أهم استعماالت هذه األفعال‬
Modal Negative Use - ‫االستعمــــال‬ Example
Form (-) English - Arabic ‫مثــــــــال‬
Ability ‫القـــــــدرة‬ - I can speak English well.
(In Present ) )‫(الزمن الحاضر‬
- I can’t speak English well.
Can not
Can - Permission ‫التســـــــريح‬ You can take my mobile.
Can’t Possibility )‫إمكانية (ممكن‬ Smoking can cause cancer.
Request ‫طــــــــــلب‬ Can I have a tea ?
Offer ‫عـــــــــــرض‬ Can I help you, please ?
Ability ‫ القـــــــــدرة‬I could not come to the party
(in Past) )‫ (الزمن الماضي‬yesterday.
Permission ‫ التســـــــــريح‬You could play your favourite
Could not game now.
Could -
Request ‫طـــــــــــلب‬ Could I use your car, please ?
Couldn’t
Offer ‫عـــــــرض‬ Could I give you a cup of coffee ?
Suggestion ‫اقتـــــــــراح‬ You are free now. You could read
a story.
Permission ‫التســــــــريح‬ You may leave the class now. Time
May not is over.
May - Possibility )‫إمكانية (ممكن‬ She may be revising her lessons
Mayn’t now.
Request ‫طــــــــــلب‬ May I take your mobile, please ?
Possibility )‫إمكانية (ممكن‬ She might come to the party.
Might not
- Suggestion ‫اقتــــــــــراح‬ You might practise sport. You are
Might overweight.
Mightn’t
Speculation ‫تــــــــــوقع‬ He is rich man. He might visit
London next summer.
‫’‘ يجب أن يكون في حالة المصدر‬Modals’’ ‫ كل فعل يأتي بعد هذه األفعال الناقصة‬:‫مالحظة‬
.‫’‘ أي يكون غــــير مـــصرف‬Stem Verb’’
Activity One: Choose ‘’a, b, or c’’.

1) She can speak four languages. (…………………)

a) possibility b) ability c) permission
2) Can she leave now? (…………………)

a) suggestion b) Request c) offer

3) May you lend me some money? (…………………)

a) Request b) speculation c) possibility

4) Old people couldn’t use the mobile. (…………………)

a) past inability b) possibility c) present inability

5) People might live on Mars in the future. (…………………)

a) Speculation b) Offer c) Ability

Activity Two: Write the verbs in barckets in the right form.

1) You can’t ………………. (to park) here. It is illegal.

2) Corruption might ………………. (To decrease) if governments jail corrupt
people.
3) Scientists may ………………. (to find) cure for the Corona Virus.
4) Robots can ………………. (to help) doctors at hospitals.
5) Robots may ………………. (to teach) kids at class.
6) People in the past couldn’t ………………. (to travel) for long distance.
7) Eating a lot of junk food may ………………. (to cause) obesity.

Activity Three: Write Four Sentences using: ‘’can, could, may, might’’

1) ………………………………………………………………………………………..
2) ………………………………………………………………………………………..
3) ………………………………………………………………………………………..
4) ………………………………………………………………………………………..
Lesson03 (SAFETY FIRST+ADVERTISING) 13‫الدرس‬
‘’Prefixes‘’
‘’Dis, il, im, in, ir, mis, un’’ are prefixes put at the start of
the word to make the opposite (=/=)

‫’‘ هي لواحق نضعها في بداية الكلمة‬Dis, il, im, in, ir, mis, un’’ -
‫=) الجدول التالي يلخص أهم هذه اللواحق في اللغة‬/=( ‫لنصنع منها الضد‬
.‫اإلنجليزية و كيفية استعمالها‬

dis il im in
Dis + il + L im + in +
Vowels / t b/m/p c/b/d/s
disobey illegal imbalance incredible
disagree illogic immoral indirect
distrust impossible instable

ir un mis dis
ir + il + mis de +
r c / h / f /L (No Rule) Verbs
Disobey illegal mistake decompose
Disagree illogic misplease defrom
Distrust misuse decode

(De + Verbs) .‫’‘ نضع فقط مع األفــعــال‬De’’ ‫ الالحقة‬:‫مالحظة‬

Activity One: Write the negative form of the following words by adding the
right prefix.
( dis – il – im – in – ir – un )
1) ………...comfortable 2) ………...patient 3) ………...honest 4) ………...lucky
5) ………...formal 6) ………...possible 7) ………... popular 8) ………...lock
9) ………...appear 10) ………...agree 11) ………...legal 12) ………...polite
13) ………...like 14) ………...logical 15) ……….convenient 16)…..…..sociable
Activity Two: Classify the following words in the right column.
‘’ legible – mature – dependent – fair – familiar – approve – appear –
relevant – moral – regular – frequent – accruable – resistible – patient
– perfect – satisfied – acceptable - visible ‘’
dis il im in ir un
…………...……. …………...…… …………...……. …………...……. …………...……. …………...…….
………………… ……...………… ………………… ………………… ………………… …………………
…………………. ……..………… …………………. …………………. …………………. ………………….
…………………. ………..……… …………………. …………………. …………………. ………………….
…………………. ……...………… …………………. …………………. …………………. ………………….

Activity Three: Write the correct prefix (de / dis)

1 ……..taste 5 ….…cline 9 …….code
2 …….. able 6 ….…activate 10 …….stabilize
3 ……..compose 7 ……...agreement 11 …….loyal
4 ………believe 8 ……...pleased 12 …….crease
Activity Four: Complete the following chart. Follow the first example.
‘’ unable – dishonest – incapable – misunderstand – mistake – incompetent –
deform – imbalance – injustice – discover – rewrite – deforest – disconnect ‘’
Prefixes Root
un able
………………….…….. ………………….……..
………………….…….. ………………….……..
………………….…….. ………………….……..
………………….…….. ………………….……..
………………….…….. ………………….……..
………………….…….. ………………….……..
………………….…….. ………………….……..
………………….…….. ………………….……..
………………….…….. ………………….……..
………………….…….. ………………….……..
………………….…….. ………………….……..
………………….…….. ………………….……..
Lesson04 (SAFETY FIRST+ADVERTISING) 14‫الدرس‬
‘’Suffixes‘’
‘’ ity, ation, ion, ment, y, ly, ed, ance, ence, ness, age, able,
ful, less, er, or, fy ‘’ are Suffixes. They are put at the end to form:
A noun, A verb, An adjective, An adverb.
‘’ ity, ation, ion, ment, y, ly, ed, ance, ence, ness, age, able,
:‫ هـــذه سوابــــق نضعها في نهـــاية الكلــــمة لنصـــنع منـها‬ful, less, er, or, fy ‘’
.‫ أو حــــال‬،‫ صـــفـــة‬،‫ فـــعــــل‬،‫إســــــم‬

A noun An adjective An adverb A verb

‫إســـــــم‬ ‫صـــــــفة‬ ‫حــــــال‬ ‫فعـــــــــــل‬
ation, tion , able, ible, ful,
ion, ment, ness, less, ed, y, ous, fy , ate, en,
ance, ence, ity, al, ish , ive ly ish, ize, ed
er, or, age,
ology, ship , ist
, ing
responsibility helpful quickly quicken
Activity One: Classify the following words in the right column.
‘’ friendship – flourishement - scientist – dangerous – recognize - slowly –
apologize – assistance – useless – appearance - development – musical –
criticize – fasten – demolish – finished – stylish - realize – adorable ‘’
A noun A verb An adjective An adverb
…………...……….. …………...……….. …………...……….. …………...………..
…………..……….. …………..……….. …………..……….. …………..………..
…………….…….. …………….…….. …………….…….. …………….……..
……………….…... ……………….…... ……………….…... ……………….…...
……………………. ……………………. ……………………. …………………….
………….…….…... ………….…….…... ………….…….…... ………….…….…...
Activity Two: Form a noun using the right suffix.
01 invent…………. 05 collect…………. 09 Act………..
02 develop………… 06 achieve…………. 10 active………..
03 collect…………. 07 examine…………. 11 kind………….
04 self…………. 08 ill………..……. 12 flower…………
Activity Three: Form an adjective using the right suffix.
01 help…………. 05 nerv………. 09 direct …………….
02 beauty…………. 06 import…………. 10 wonder………….
03 appear…………. 07 power…………. 11 education………….
04 child…………. 08 universe………..… 12 music………….
Activity Four: circle the right verb in brackets.
1) Flowers (brighten / brightify) the room.
2) All the parents (educatify / educate) their children to wash their hands before meals.
3) Don’t (frighten / frighter) him, it is dangerous.
4) All the people (decorate / decoraten) their houses before Christmas.
5) I think we must (economize / economify) this month.
6) Don’t (apologizen / apologize) ! It’s not your fault.
7) Did you (specialize / specializen) in biology?
Activity Five: Complete the table as in the example.
‘’ disagreement - information – misunderstanding – unsafety – maltreatment –
disqualification – illegality – insecurity – impossibility - displeased -
unsuccessful – unkindness – unlikely – disrespectfully ‘’
Prefix Root Suffix
Dis agree ment
………………….…… ………………….…… ………………….……
………………….…… ………………….…… ………………….……
………………….…… ………………….…… ………………….……
………………….…… ………………….…… ………………….……
………………….…… ………………….…… ………………….……
………………….…… ………………….…… ………………….……
Lesson01 (The Solar System + Astronomy) 10‫الدرس‬
‘’Conditionals’’
:‫ هناك أربع أنواع للجملة الشرطية مرتبة من صفر الى ثالثة‬-
Type 0 If / When Present simple , Present simple
Type 01 If / When Present simple , Future Simple
‘’ Will (not) + Stem ‘’
Type 02 If Past Simple , Would + Stem
Type 03 If Past Perfect , Would + have + Past Participle
1) Type Zero: General Truth / Idea:
If + Present Simple , The Present Simple
‫ و نستعمل‬، ‫ حقائق علمية مثبتة‬/ ‫’‘ للتعبير عن حقائق عامة‬Type 0’’ ‫ نستخدم النوع صفر‬-
.‫’‘ عند تصريف األفعال‬The Present Simple’’ ‫الزمن الحاضر البسيط‬
Eg: If you add one to one , you have two.
2) Type One: Possible Result In the Future:
If + Present Simple , The Future Simple (will/will not + Stem)
‫ و نستعمل‬، ‫’‘ للتعبير عن نتائج متوقع حدوثها في المستقبل‬Type 1’’ ‫ نستخدم النوع واحد‬-
‫ وزمن المستقبل‬، ‫’‘ في جملة الشرط‬The Present Simple’’ ‫الزمن الحاضر البسيط‬
.‫’‘ في جملة جواب الشرط‬The Future Simple’’ ‫البسيط‬
Eg: If it rains , I will stay at home.
3) Type Two: Impossible things in the Present:
If + Past Simple , would + Stem
‫’‘ للتعبـــــير عـــن نتـــائج غير ممـــكن حدوثـــها في الوقت‬Type 1’’‫ نستخدم النوع اثنان‬-
‫’‘ فــــي جمــــلة‬The Past Simple’’ ‫ و نستعمل زمــــن المـــاضي البســـــيط‬،‫الحاضر‬
.‫’‘ فــــــــي جمــــلة جواب الشرط‬Would’’ + Verb Stem ‫ و نضع‬، ‫الشــــرط‬
Eg: If I won the lottery , I would buy a super car.
4) Type Three: Things that did not happen in the past and their imaginary
results.
If + Past Perfect , would have + Past Participle
‫ أحداث كان ممكن وقوعها‬/‫’‘ للتعبـــير عـــن نتـــائج أفعال‬Type 3’’ ‫ نستخدم النوع ثالثة‬-
‘’The Past Simple’’ ‫ و نستعمل زمــــن المـــاضي التام‬،‫ تقع‬/ ‫في الماضي لكنها لم تحدث‬
‫’‘ فـــــي‬Would’’ + Have + Past Participle ‫ و نضع‬، ‫فــــي جمــــلة الشــــرط‬
.‫جمــــلة جواب الشرط‬
Eg: If I had revised my lessons , I would have passed my exam.
 The Zero Type Conditional
Activity One: I write the verbs in brackets in the right form.
1) If you ……………….. (to heat) water , it ……………….. (to boil)
2) If I ……………….. (to be) late , my father ……………….. (to take) me to school.
3) The sea level ……………….. (to rise) if the ice ……………….. (to melt)
4) If people………………..(not-protect) animals, they ……………….. (to die)
5) People ………………..(to die) when they ……………….. (to eat) or drink.
6) If you ………………..(not-water) flowers, they ………………..(to die)
The First Type Conditional
Activity Two: Write the verbs in brackets in the right form.
1) If you work too much , you ……………….. (to get) tired.
2) I will phone my best friend if I………………..(to have) time this evening.
3) If it ……………….. (to rain) , I ……………….. (to stay) at home.
4) He will buy a car if he ……………….. (to win) the lottery.
5) We………………..(to go) on a walk if the weather ………………..(to be) warm.

The Second Type Conditional

Activity Three: Write the verbs in brackets in the right form.
1) If I ………………..(to win) the lottery, I would travel around the world.
2) If I ……………….. (to be) the present of Algeria, I ……………….. (to fight) corrupt
people.
3) She ………………..(to travel) more if she ……………….. (to have) more time.
4) My father ………………..(to buy) a big home if ………………..(to have) one million
dollar.
5) If she ……………….. (not speak) French well, she ………………..(not –to move) to
Paris.
The Third Type Conditional
Activity Four: Write the verbs in brackets in the right form.
1) If I ………………..(to get up) too early, I ……………….. (not-miss) the bus.
2) If you ……………….. (not-come) today, the teacher………………..(to be) angry.
3) She ……………….. (to visit) London if she ………………..(not-go) to Paris.
4) I ……………….. (to choose) scientific stream if ………………..(to be) very good and
maths.
5) If I ……………….. (to go) early, I ……………….. (not-meet) my friend.
Lesson02 (The Solar System + Astronomy) 12‫الدرس‬
‘’Unless’’
Examples:
1) Unless you get up early , you will be late.
.‫ ستكون متأخر‬،‫ مالم تنهض باكرا‬-
2) I will go for a picnic tomorrow unless it rains.
.‫ سأذهب غدا في نزهة مالم تمطر‬-
We use ‘’unless’’ to express a conditional.
) ‫ = مــالم‬Unless( .‫’‘ للتعبير عن الشرط‬Unless’’ ‫ نستعمل‬:‫مالحظة‬
Unless = If not
‫’‘ ال بد من إضافة عالمة النفي‬If’’ ‫’‘ بأداة الشرط‬Unless’’ ‫ عندما نعوض‬:‫مالحظة‬
)2( ‫) و‬0( ‫ انظر الى المثال‬.‫’‘جملة الشرط‬not’’

1) Unless you get up early , you will be late.

If you do not get up early , you will be late.
2) I will go for a picnic tomorrow unless it rains.
I will go for a picnic if it does not rain.

‫’‘ في بداية الجملة البد من وضع فاصلة بين جملة الشرط و‬Unless’’ ‫ عندما نضع‬:‫مالحظة‬
:‫ أنظر للمثال التالي‬.‫جملة جواب الشرط‬
1) You will not get super marks in the exam unless you study hard.
Unless you study hard , You will not get super marks in the exam.
.‫ لن تتحصل على عالمات جيدة‬، ‫ مالم تــــدرس بجــــد‬-
‫’‘ البد أوال من فهم معنى الجملة‬Unless’’ ‫’‘ بالكلمة‬If’’ ‫ عندما يطلب منك استبدال‬:‫مالحظة‬
:‫األولى و البد أيضا من التركيز على تصريف األفعال و البد من وضع الفاصلة كما في المثال‬
a) I will finish reading my book if I have enough time this evening.
b) Unless ……………………………………………..……………………….………….
Unless I have enough time this evening , I will not finish reading my
book.
Activity One: Read the sentences and decide whether they are ‘’Correct’’ or ‘’Incorrect’’.

1) Unless it doesn’t rain , I will not go out.

c) Correct
d) Incorrect
2) Unless you will eat healthy food , you will put weight on.
c) Correct
d) Incorrect
3) You can’t drive my car unless you will drive slowly.
c) Correct
d) Incorrect
4) Unless you will ask me , you will not take my car.
a) Correct
b) Incorrect
5) Corruption will decrease , unless governments pass severe laws.
c) Correct
d) Incorrect
Activity Two: Complete each sentence with:
‘’unless’’ or ‘’if’’.
1) ………………….you clean your room right now, I’ll take you shopping later.
2) You won’t be able to go to any parties………………….you start doing your
homework better.
3) ………………….you use your mobile less , I am going to take it away from you.
4) You will not succeed …………………. you work hard.
5) You will get into any University you want …………………. you continue to get good
grades.
Activity Three: Combine the following sentence pairs using the conjunction in
brackets, making the necessary changes.
2) a) I go to university. (if)
b) I get my BAC exam.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
2) a) You can drive the car. (unless)
b) You have a driving license.
……………………………………………………………………………………..…….
3) a) She fails the exam ( if )
b) She does not revise her lessons.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
4) a) I don’t go out this evening. (unless)
b) I finished my homework early.
………………………………………………………………………………………….….
Lesson03 (The Solar System + Astronomy) 13‫الدرس‬
‘’Similarity and Contrast’’
 Similarity:
We use the following expressions to express Similarity ( like,
both…and - just as - and…. (too) - nor only…..but also – as…as)
:‫ واألماكن نستعمل التعابير التالية‬،‫ األشخاص‬،‫ للتعبير عن التشـــابه بين األشياء‬-
( like - both…and - just as - and…. too - nor only…..but also
– as…as)
Example:
1) The Italian is difficult just as the Spanish language.
2) Both the Italian and the Spanish are difficult languages.
3) Italian is difficult and Spanish is too.
4) Nor only the Italian language is difficult but also the Spanish.
5) The Italian language is as difficult as the Spanish.
6) Not only Italian is difficult but also Spanish.
 Contrast:
We use the expressions (whereas and unlike) to show Contrast (The
Opposite =/=)
.‫( للتعبير عن اإلخـــتــالف‬whereas and unlike) ‫ نستعمل التعبيرين‬-
Example:
1) Unlike the Spanish language , English is very easy.
2) There is life on the planet Earth is unlike all the other planets.
3) I have blue eyes whereas my brother has black eyes.
Note: ‘’Whereas’’ + ‘’unlike’’ can be put at the start or in the middle.
But, put a comma (,) in the middle when it is put at the start.
.‫’‘ يمكن وضعهما في بداية أو في وسط الجملة‬Whereas’’ + ‘’unlike’’ ‫ الكلمتان‬:‫مالحظــة‬
‫ المثال التالي‬.‫) في وسط الجملة عندما نضعها في بداية الجملة‬,( ‫ البد من وضع فاصلة‬،‫لكن‬
:‫يوضح ذلك‬
1) He likes playing video games unlike his sister.
2) Unlike his sister , he likes playing video games.
Activity One: Combine the following pairs of sentences using the conjunction
in brackets.
1) She likes watching movies. (Whereas)
2) Her brother likes reading detective stories.
………………………………………….………………………………………………………
1) Paul speaks English well. (both…..and)
2) Paul speaks Italian well.
………………………………………….………………………………………………………
1) I like living in the countryside. (just as)
2) My wife prefers living in the countryside.
………………………………………….………………………………………………………
1) The Islamic civilization was very prosperous. (nor only….but also)
2) The Roman civilization was very prosperous.
………………………………………….………………………………………………………
1) The Muslims used to build huge cities. (whereas)
2) The Europeans used to live in cottages.
………………………………………….………………………………………………………
1) Bribery is unethical behaviour. (like)
2) Nepotism is unethical behavior.
………………………………………….………………………………………………………

By: Sir Ahmed