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WK 4 - Notes
WK 4 - Notes
4. Tests:
a. Type A personality test: Impatience/Irritability (45) increased risk of heart disease
b. HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised: High in openness and agrreablness;
1. Personality Traits
a. Definition:
i. Totality of individuals behavior and emotional characteristics, enduring
configuration of characteristics and behaviors comprising adjustment to
life
ii. Consistent behavior when alone and external environment
b. Why it is important?
i. Important part of identity, affects relationships, choices, health, success in
general and specific circumstances
c. Models of Personality:
i. Big Five (OCEAN):
1. Openness: related to tolerableness to ambiguity, we become more
closed with age
2. Conscientiousness: high means concerned with details and duties
MOST linked to success
3. Extroversion: where you get your energy, extroverts get it from
other people. Not all introverts are “shy”
4. Agreeableness: how good natured, friendly and pleasant
5. Neuroticism: emotional stability,
ii. Hexaco Model:
1. Honest-Humility: humility avoid exploiting others, not interested
in wealth, don’t feel entitled, less inclines to break rules for
personal gain
2. Emotionality (neuroticism)
3. Extraversion
4. Agreeableness (vs anger)
5. Conscientiousness
6. openness
d. Measure:
i. Type A personality (2)
ii. Hexaco (2)
iii. Big 5 (3)
c. Why it is important?
i. Minimizes defensiveness and disconfirmation; get things done; how
things are said are as important as what is said; to implement change; get
feedback; deal with conflict
d. Measure:
i. 3 available (communication assessment guide)
e. Characteristic of supportive communication
i. Congruent: external verbal and nonverbal ques match internal thoughts
and feelings
ii. Descriptive: avoid loaded language and describe facts
iii. Problem-oriented: not person oriented; focus on the behaviors and not
the person- they feel they can change behaviors
iv. Validating: make person feel recognized, understood and valued. Agree
with what you can agree with
v. Specific: useful and avoid GLOBAL statements
vi. Conjunctive: messages must be logical and related to each other
vii. Owned: take responsibility for the message; don’t use “they” and “we”
when giving feedback- don’t deflect responsibility
viii. Listening: getting feedback, active listening (advising response, deflecting
response, probing, reflecting)
f. How to Improve:
i. Take skills inventory
ii. Ask others
iii. Practice via role play
iv. Plan your next difficult conversation
v. Review the outcome of your difficult conversation
vi. Pay attention someone gives you negative feedback