CHAPTER 2

A. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

According Sherwood (2017) pointed out that shifting classess schedules have been

introduced in some high school due to overcrowding. This is not a new phenomena west

Virginia High School to shifting classes as early as 1930. When school districts cannot raise

the funds to expand their campuses, they sometimes choosen to split and shorten the school

day. Although this can alleviate some financial stress, several problems are associated when

shifting classes, shortened classes time in order to accommodate all student. The entire

school day needs to begin earlier and end later. Even with this, class time is shorter, student

spend less time on task simply because they are in the building for fewer hours.

In the Philippines, Department of Education Order or EO 62, s. (2004) provides of the

adaption of shifting classes policy in public school to address classroom shortage. The

department of Education discusess the trouble of classroom shortage in systematic and good

value manner. In addition, in order to prepare for efficient implementation of this strategy

starting S.Y. 2023 – 2024 without reducing the time allotment for various subject, all

elementary and secondary school required to go on shifting classes.

According to Casas (2014) shifting classes schedule is an effective way to address

problems on lack of classroom and school chair, in the previous school years, influencing

academic performance during class shifting classes student adjustment to shifting classes

shorten time in all subject academic performance is a complex issue with both positive and

negative.

According to the varsitarians (2004). The school year in the Philippines will now be the

same as in other countries in the region, with student starting school in June and finishing in
 September. This change is meant to make it easier for young people from member-countrie

to enroll in any school in the region. It is hoped that this will help create a borderless society

and one of the effect of this would be that student from member-countries can start school at

any time.

Philippines Daily Inquire (2008) states, Did you know that senior high student only

receive an average of 7 hours of sleep per night when they actually need a least 9? This is

according to the national sleep foundation. It has been established that kids in senior high

school suffer significantly when they don’t get enough sleep during the most productive

hours of the day.

B. REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES

According to Meador (2018), overcrowded classroom display challenges that will he hard

to overcome. Increasing class size is a sacrifice school must take here are some problem

created by overcrowded classroom. There is not enough for the teacher to go around,

overcrowding increases classroom discipline issues struglling student fall further behind

standardized test score suffer, the overall noise leading to teacher burnout overcrowding lead

to less access to equipment and technology, and lack of personal connections.

According to Geronimo (2017) the education secretary said that they are considering

different solutions to address this constant problem, including the construction of school

communities outside urban centers. According to BRIONES the other alternatives is to build

high-rise buildings. However, these solutions still do not solve any problems since the time

needed to build enfrastructure is longer and the increasing population in soaring.

According to Ruth A, Ortega Dela Cruz and Jonathan S. Villanueva (2021). The

Philippine basic education sector especially the public school school system, has been greatly
damaged by the Covid-19 epedemic. By postponng the start of the school year, it is discrupted

education and forced the introduction of alternate methods of elarning delivery such as flexible

face to face online and blended learning.

According to Jose Llyod Espiritu, Florence, Martin, Oliver Malabanan (2021). The

Research make the suggestion that school and educational institutions acknowledge and promote

the crucial part that parent play in distance learning by giving them access to enough resources

institution and support.

According to Judith A. Owens, Kyla L. Wahltrom, Amy R. Wolfson, Wendy M. Roxel

(2022). Over the past 20 years, there has been a sustancial improvement in our understanding of

the critical role deep plays in teenagers health and brain function.

C. CONCEPTUAL/THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK

School Comparison Theory

SHIFTING CLASSES
IMPACT TO Adjustment Theory
ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

Teacher – Student Relationship Theory

A social comparison theory suggest that student academic performance may be

influenced by the comparison theory suggests that student academic performance may be
influenced by the comparison they make with their peers in the new class. Adjustment theory
shifting classes can disrupt student routine and familiarity with the learning environment, which
may initially result in a decline in academic performance. Teacher-student Relationship theory
emphasizes the importance of relationship between teacher and students in influencing academic
performance. When student shift classes, they encounter new teacher with different teaching
style expectations and level of support.
 The man theory shifting classes impact to academic performance education can
significantly influence a student access to resources and opportunities, affecting their academic
performance. The educational environment such as class size, teacher quality and school
facilities, also plays a crucial role.

D. HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY

The student and teacher experience a shifting classis benefit such as improved focus
increased engagement and better learning outcomes additionally, the study may explore
factors that contribute to successful transitions, such as the quality of the environment, the
support provided by faculty and staff and the alignment of the new academic focus with the
student interest and goal.

1. The shifting classes will have good impact on student learning despite shortened time
for class hour.

2. That interaction with classmate and teacher result to optimum learning to student.

E. ASSUMPTIONS OF THE STUDY

This part focuses on knowing and analyzing some theories of what will be the outcome of
the survey about the effect of shifting classes to the academic performance of senior high school.
These are the assumption we made.

1. The researchers assumed that the respondent will answer all the question we asked to
get more information about these researchers.

2. The researchers assumed that the respondent will give their opinion and ideas for this
research.

3. The researchers assumed that the respondent will answer every question.
F. DEFINITION OF TERMS:

ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE – The measure of a student achievement in academic tasks,

including grades, test, score, class participation and overall mastery of subject matters.

SHIFTING CLASSES – The process of a student moving from educational setting or class to
another, which could involve changing schools, transitioning to a different class within the same
school.

TRANSITION – The period of adjustment and adaptation that student undergo when moving
from one class to another, during which they may experience changes in their academic
performance.

SOCIAL DYNAMICS – The interactions and relationships among student within a class or
educational setting, which can influence academic performance through factor such as peer
influence, social comparison and group dynamics.

LEARNING ENVIRONMENT – The physical, social and emotional context in which learning
take place, including factors such as classroom layout, teaching methods, school culture, and
resources available to support student learning, changes in the learning environment due to
shifting classes can impact student’s academic performance.

COURSE WORK – The assignment, reading, project and exam that a student is required to
complete as part of their academic performances.

TRANSFERRING – The process of moving one educational institution to another often to

continue or complete a degree program.
 CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND IT’S BACKGROUND

A. INTRODUCTION.

Shifting classes commonly impact student in various ways. It may lead to adjustment in

their study routine family friendships and academic performance. Some student thrives in

new environment, while others initially find it challenging to adapt communication with

teacher and peers is crucial during transitions to help minimize stress and foster a positive

learning experience.

Shifting classes can promote student to adapt their study to habit make a new friend and

potentially influence their academic performance. These adjustments are part of natural

process of navigating through different educational environment Public School adopt shifting

classes to address the common problem lack of classroom and facilities.

Student who are in the morning shift go to class as early as possible, because of the

limited time given to each subject, they usually go to the school around 6:00 o’clock in the

morning and their classes ended at 12:50 in the afternoon so that they can finish all their

subject in their shifting time.

Based on the student likely to have more energy and a higher ability to concentrate in

school during morning because after a good night sleep mind is well functioning in the

morning

Ave E. Mendizabal school principal conduct the shifting classes because of the

problem. Lack of classroom and facilities morning classes and afternoon class setting

implements the Junior high school DepEd provides the academic building for grade 11 and
12, but it will never be enough for senior high school due to the construction of a new

building for those who will use the room next.

Shifting of classes may affect the academic among the student it may also affect

learning efficiency of the student because of the time given. Shifting classes has been found

to have an impact to academic performance several factor such as the individual adaptability.

Shifting classes can increase stress levels in student, especially if they have a negative

unfamiliar hallway and classrooms; frequent class changes can be so hard for the student to

arrive on time, especially if they have to navigate a large campus or unfamiliar buildings.

Shifting classes can disrupt student’s focus and make it harder for them to retain

information, leading to lower academic performance, student who struggle with change may

experience increased anxiety and stress when faced with frequent class changes.

Shifting classes can require student to carry heavy backpacks or walk along distance,

leading to physical strain and fatigue. Its important for school to consider these potential

effect and work to minimize them, such as a providing their maps and schedules, offering

support for student who struggle with change and minimizing the number of class changes

when possible.

Shifting classes refers to the process of changing from one academic class or level to

another within the same subject area or discipline. This can happen for various reasons such

as personal interest, career goals or academic performance. The process typically involves

meeting with advisors selecting new courses and potentially adjusting schedules to

accommodate the new class load. It’s important to carefully consider the implications of

shifting classes including potential impacts on GPA graduation timeline and overall

academic experience.
 Shifting classes can be a daunting experience for student it often involves a significant

change in academic focus, outwork and even the learning environment for instance, a

student who decides to change their major may need to take entirely new sets of courses,

while those who are transferring to a different institution may have to adopt to a different

teaching style or grading system

Shifting classes refer to a system where students attend classes at different times such

as morning and evening sessions to accommodate a larger number of students and address

classroom shortages. In the Philippines shifting classes are commonly implemented in public

schools to manage the volume of students per year and overcome the lack of classrooms and

facilities this approach helps reduce class sizes and ensure that more students have access to

education.

Shifting classes can be an effective solution to optimize resources and provide

education to a larger number of students, especially in areas with limited infrastructure to

accommodating more students, shifting classes allow in schools to manage a larger or

classroom shortage, this ensure that more students have access to education and reduces class

sizes which can lead to better learning outcomes.

Shifting classes provide for students who may have other commitments such as part-

time jobs or family responsibilities they can choose to attend classes in the morning or

evening allowing them to balance their education with other obligations, shifting classes can

be a cost-effective solution for schools as it allows them to make the most efficient use of

existing facilities and resources this can help save resources and potentially reduce costs.

Positive perception of studies have shown that both parents and students generally have

a positive view of shifting classes, this indicates that the implementations of this system is

generally well-received by the school community. It’s important to note that shifting classes

may also have some drawbacks such as potential impact learning outcome. However overall
 shifting classes can be an effective solution to accommodate more students and optimize

resources in education system.

When public schools adopted shifting classes, the students were affected because the

classes were adjusted to the students influence on academic achievement. The time allotted for

each topic is typically limited to allow students to complete all of their coursework.

Shifting of classes has been a complication faced by some of the students under the K to

12 program, this shifting could either be the result of the students inability to meet the set

standards in a specific strand or simply because of the student’s change of preference.

There are instances that some students are forced to shift to another strand and by forced

it means that some students wanted to pursue and continue the path in which they were in but are

now not able to do so for some set standards were not met due to some reasons.

1. How can shifting classes impact a student’s ability to form relationships with their peers

and teachers?

2. What strategies can students use to adjust to a new learning environment and teaching

style after switching classes?

3. What are the potential long-term effects of shifting classes on a student’s academic

performance and overall well-being?

4. What are some common challenges that students face when transitioning between classes

and how can these be addressed?

5. What role does communication play between the previous and new teacher when a

student switches classes?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

TEACHER

The teacher wants to benefit so that he can have a salary and help the students so the

shifting classes were made so that each room is in order and BNCHS is beautiful and that they

will also have a good place to attend.

STUDENTS

Just now we experience a lot of shifting classes and it is also good because we have

experience and so our rooms are well organized and it is also good shifting because we can

organize the house anyway and we are also able to study and the things though to us are also

good teacher.

SCHOOL

The school will benefit through shifting classes because it will beautify the school and

give proper instructions to the students.

PARENT

Parents can benefit from their children shifting classes in several ways. Firstly it allows

their children to explore different interests and discover their passions which can lead to

increased motivation and engagement in learning.

COMMUNITY
 The community benefits from shifting classes because it leads to progress in their

aspiration and needs to education.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

This study will take place at Barcelona National Comprehensive High School, Barcelona

it will be conducted on the student of Academic Track School Year 2023 – 2024. The study will

focus on the effect of shifting classes to the academic performance of a student.