Worksheet

THERMAL PHYSICS II

1. Copy and give a response of True or False to the statements below :

a) The Caloric theory proposed that heat energy was a invisible fluid substance.
[1]

b) The Kinetic theory of heat regards heat as a net transfer of average kinetic
energy of molecules. [1]

c) Count Rumford (Benjamin Thompson) ‘Canon boring demonstration’ was

refute a chief premise of the Caloric theory.

d) Heat energy was once thought of as an invisible fluid called ‘Caloric,’[1]

e) The ‘Energy transfer theory’ is adopted today in favour of the Caloric theory.

f) James Joules’ falling weight experiment was the evidence that was
responsible for us abandoning the Caloric theory.

2. Define Heat.[1]

3. Define Heat Capacity of a substance and write its symbol.[2]

4. Write both word and the symbolic equation for calculating the Heat capacity of a
substance.[2]

5. Give the units in which Heat capacity is measured. [1]

6. Using the equation in item 3. Calculate the Heat capacity for EACH of the
following below:

a) Find the heat capacity of 4 kg of alcohol heated by 17000J of heat energy

from 10ºC to 85ºC.[2]

b) Determine the heat capacity of 50 kg of water raise to a temperature of 100ºC

from 14ºC by 6200J of heat energy.[2]

c) Calculate the heat capacity of a 6.9 kg warming pan of soup if requires 4510J
to raise its temperature from 20ºC to 75ºC.[2]

d) Evaluate the heat capacity of a 12.5 kg block of aluminium at 27K raise to

97K by 80,000J from an immersion heater.[2]

7. These items require you to transpose the equation for Heat capacity
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a) Determine the quantity of heat energy required to raise temperature of a block

of copper from 33K to 102K, if the metal’s heat capacity is 30,000JK-1.[2]

b) Calculate the amount of heat energy required to heat up 3 kg of ice cold water
at 0ºC to 94Cº by a kettle which heats it all with 220,000 JC-1.[2]

c) What quantity of heat energy, would be required to heat up a Vat of beer at

–4ºC to 130ºC, if the heat capacity of the Vat and the beer together is 476000
JC-1.[2]

d) If the Heat capacity of a box of cows milk is 351,000J oC– 1 , how much heat
energy would be required to raise its temperature from –10ºC to a
pasteurizing temperature of 150ºC.[2]

8. Define the specific heat capacity of a substance and write its symbol.[2]

9. Write both the word and the symbolic equation for calculating the specific heat
capacity of a substance.[2]

10. Write the units in which specific heat capacity is measured. [1]

11. Calculate the specific heat capacity for EACH of items 10a) to 10d).

a) Find the specific heat capacity of 4kg of cooking oil that used 60,000J of heat.

b) Determine the specific heat capacity of 106000g of glass that required

5,894,660J of heat energy to raise its temperature 20ºC to 103ºC .[2]

c) What is the specific heat capacity of 60kg of copper whose temperature is raised
to 111ºC by the application of 2530,800J of heat energy.[2]

d) If it takes 514,080J of heat from an electric kettle heating element to raise the
temperature of 1.8 kg of water from 16K to 84K, what is the specific heat
capacity of water? .[2]
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12. The items below show the results that were obtained in an experiment by a
student to determine the specific heat capacity of liquid using the Method of
Mixtures.

SPECIMEN RESULTS

mass of styrofoam container m 10 g = 0.01kg

mass of styrofoam container + liquid m0 465 g = 0.465kg
mass of liquid m1 0.465kg – 0.01 kg = 0.455kg
Initial temperature of liquid θ1 25 oC
Final temperature of liquid θ2 33oC

Specific heat capacity of liquid c1 ?

mass of metal body/object m2 200 g = 0.2 kg

Initial temperature of metal body/object θ3 100oC *
Final temperature of metal body/object θ2 33oC

Specific heat capacity of metal c2 900J kg–1 K –1

* It is assumed that the metal has the same temperature as liquid in which it
was boiled .

13. The items below show the results that were obtained in an experiment by a
student to determine the specific heat capacity of liquid using the Method of
Mixtures.

SPECIMEN RESULTS

mass of styrofoam container m 10 g = 0.01kg

mass of styrofoam container + liquid m0 465 g = 0.465kg
mass of liquid m1 0.465kg – 0.01 kg = 0.455kg
Initial temperature of liquid θ1 22 oC
Final temperature of liquid θ2 33oC

Specific heat capacity of liquid c1 ?

mass of metal body/object m2 200 g = 0.2 kg

Initial temperature of metal body/object θ3 100oC *
Final temperature of metal body/object θ2 33oC

Specific heat capacity of metal c2 900J kg–1 K –1

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* It is assumed that the metal has the same temperature as liquid in which it
was boiled .

14. The items below show the data collected by a student to determine the specific
heat capacity of liquid using the Electrical method.

SPECIMEN RESULTS

Electric current I 1.5A

Voltage across heater V 12V
time current was switch on t 20 min = 1200
mass of container m1 5.0g = 0.005kg
mass of container + water m2 260g = 0.26kg
mass of water m 0.26kg – 0.005kg = 0.255kg
Initial temperature of water + container θ1 15 oC
Final temperature of water + container θ2 35oC

15. The items below show the data collected by a student to determine the specific
heat capacity of liquid using the Electrical method.

SPECIMEN RESULTS

Electric current I 1.5A

Voltage across heater V 12V
time current was switch on t 10 min = 600s
mass of container m1 500 g = 0.5kg
mass of container + water m2 5000.0g = 5.0kg
mass of water m 5.0kg – 0.5kg = 4.5kg
Initial temperature of water + container θ1 15 oC
Final temperature of water + container θ2 35oC

16. ∆T represents ‘a change in temperature’ specifically ‘a temperature rise’ and is

calculated ∆T = θ2 – θ1, with θ1 representing initial temperature and θ2
representing the ‘final temperature’. Calculate the temperature rise for 11a) to
11d).

a) Calculate ∆T if an objects temperature changes from 10K to 67K. [1]

b) Find the temperature change for a liquid at 25ºC that then rises to 106ºC. [1]
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c) Evaluate the temperature rise for a gas at –10ºC and then is increase to 95ºC.
[1]

d) Determine ∆T, if θ1 = 34K and θ2 = 115K.[1]

17. With the aid of the formula for heat capacity and that for specific heat capacity,
derive a formula that confirms the relationship between two quantities/properties.
[4]

18. The amount of heat energy needed to warm/heat up any substance/object maybe
found by rearranging the formula specific heat capacity as in the item above.
Write the formula you would get by doing as is suggested above.[2]

19. Another symbol for the ‘amount of heat energy’ needed to warm/heat up any
substance/object is ‘Q’. Use this new symbol to write a formula as in item 14.[1]

20. An immersion heater is a device used to heat up substances by immersing it into

the substance. The heat energy it produces is calculated by the formula Q = IVt.
What does this formula and the one in item 14.confirm about the relationship
between ‘the heat supplied by an immersion heater’ and ‘the heat
absorbed/gained by a substance’.[2]

21. Define Latent heat and write its symbol.[2]

22. Give the units in which Latent heat is measured. [1]

23. Draw a clearly labeled diagram of the Inter-conversion of The States of Matter.[6]

24. Define EACH of the processes denoted in the diagram drawn in item directly
above. [12]
.
25. Define Latent heat of Fusion.[1]

26. Define Latent heat of Vaporization.[1]

27. Define specific latent heat of fusion and write its symbol.[2]

28. Write the units of specific latent heat of fusion. [1]

29. Define the specific latent heat of vaporization and write its symbol.[2]

30. Write the units of specific latent heat of vaporization. [1]

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31. State the name for a graph that denotes the change in temperature against time, as
a molten/fused solid re-solidifies as it cools, OR as a gas/vapour condenses to a
liquid as it cools.[1]

32. State the name for a graph that denotes the change in temperature against time, as
a solid is fused completely to a liquid as it is heated, OR as a liquid is boiled
completely to a gas as it is heated. [1]

33. Define the melting point of a substance.[1]

34. Define the boiling point of a substance.[1] .

35. Write both a word and a symbolic equation which relates the Latent heat, specific
latent heat and the mass of a substance.[3]

36. Calculate the Latent heat of fusion of ice popsicle that has a mass of 100g. If the
specific latent heat of fusion of ice is 340,000Jkg-1, assuming the ice is at 0ºC and
no change in the temperature occurred.[2]

37. Evaluate the Latent heat of vaporization if 1.6kg of water in a kettle was boiled
until the kettle was dry. Given that the specific latent heat of vaporization of
water is 2.3×106Jkg-1

38. Determine the Latent heat of fusion of ice of mass 3kg, if the specific latent of
fusion of ice is 3.4 ×105Jkg-1, if it is completely melted.

39. Evaluate the Latent heat of vaporization of 0.12kg of water heated completely to
steam, given that the specific latent heat of vaporization of water is 2.2MJkg-1. [2]

40. Calculate the amount of heat energy required to convert 5kg of ice at –20ºC into
steam at 100ºC.
[specific heat capacity of water cw = 4200Jkg-1 K–1]
[ specific heat capacity of ice ci = 2100Jkg-1K–1 ]
[specific latent heat of fusion of ice lf = 3.4×105Jkg-1 ]
[specific latent heat of vaporization of water lv = 2.3×106Jkg-1].[3]

41. Calculate the amount of heat energy required to convert 15kg of ice at –9.5ºC into
steam at 100ºC.
[specific heat capacity of water cw = 4200Jkg-1 K–1]
[ specific heat capacity of ice ci = 2100Jkg-1K–1 ]
[specific latent heat of fusion of ice lf = 3.4×105Jkg-1 ]
[specific latent heat of vaporization of water lv = 2.3×106Jkg-1].[3]
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42. Calculate the amount of heat energy required to convert 35kg of ice at –2ºC into
steam at 100ºC.
[specific heat capacity of water cw = 4200Jkg-1 K–1]
[ specific heat capacity of ice ci = 2100Jkg-1K–1 ]
[specific latent heat of fusion of ice lf = 3.4×105Jkg-1 ]
[specific latent heat of vaporization of water lv = 2.3×106Jkg-1].[3]

43. Calculate the amount of heat energy required to convert 1.5kg of ice at –7ºC into
steam at 100ºC.
[specific heat capacity of water cw = 4200Jkg-1 K–1]
[ specific heat capacity of ice ci = 2100Jkg-1K–1 ]
[specific latent heat of fusion of ice lf = 3.4×105Jkg-1 ]
[specific latent heat of vaporization of water lv = 2.3×106Jkg-1].[3]

44. Calculate the amount of heat energy required to convert 42kg of ice at –3ºC into
steam at 100ºC.
[specific heat capacity of water cw = 4200Jkg-1 K–1]
[ specific heat capacity of ice ci = 2100Jkg-1K–1 ]
[specific latent heat of fusion of ice lf = 3.4×105Jkg-1 ]
[specific latent heat of vaporization of water lv = 2.3×106Jkg-1].[3]

45. Calculate the amount of heat energy required to convert 0.9 kg of ice at –10ºC
into steam at 100ºC.
[specific heat capacity of water cw = 4200Jkg-1 K–1]
[ specific heat capacity of ice ci = 2100Jkg-1K–1 ]
[specific latent heat of fusion of ice lf = 3.4×105Jkg-1 ]
[specific latent heat of vaporization of water lv = 2.3×106Jkg-1].[3]

46. An immersion heater was used to heat 0.5 kg of ice from –4ºC until its all
converted to steam at 100ºC. Find the amount of heat energy required to do so.[3]
[specific heat capacity of water cw = 4.2 kJkg-1K-1]
[specific heat capacity of ice ci = 2.1 kJkg-1K-1]
[specific latent heat of fusion of ice lf = 3.40 kJkg-1 ]
[specific latent heat of vaporization of water lf = 2600 kJkg-1]

47. When 0.1kg of a metal at 100oC is dropped into 0.15 kg of water at 25oC the final
temperature is 30oC, What is the specific heat capacity of the metal?

48. What mass of cold water at 20oC must be added to 60 kg of hot water at 80oC by
someone who wants to have a bath at 50oC? Neglect heat losses.
49. [specific heat capacity of water cw = 4200Jkg-1 K–1]

50. How much heat is given out when an iron ball of mass 2 kg and specific heat
capacity 440 Jkg–1 K –1 cools 300 K to 200 K.
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51. 200 J of heat energy is needed to heat 1 kg of paraffin through 1K. How much
heat energy is needed to heat 0.5 kg to 8K.

52. The items below show the results that were obtained in an experiment by a
student to determine the specific latent heat of fusion liquid using the Method of
Mixtures.

SPECIMEN RESULTS

mass of styrofoam container m1 5.0 g

mass of styrofoam container + water m0 335 g
Mass of original water m0 – m1 330g
Initial temperature of water θ1 33oC
Final temperature of water θ2 18 oC

Specific heat capacity of water c 4.2 J g–1 K –1 *

Specific latent heat of fusion lf ?
mass of metal body/object m2 200 g
Initial temperature of crushed melting ice 0oC
θ3
Final temperature of water formed from the 18oC
molten ice θ2
Mass of cup + water + melted ice m3 390g

* since the masses involved are small for convenience one choose using joules
per Kelvin per gram.

* Ignore the heat lost by the Styrofoam container.

53. The items below show the data collected by a student to determine the specific
latent heat of vaporization of a liquid using the Electrical method.

SPECIMEN RESULTS

Electric current I 4A
Voltage across heater V 12V
time current was switch on t 15 min = 900s

Final mass of container + water m2 294 g = 0.294kg

Initial mass of container + water m1 312 g = 0.312kg

mass of water converted to steam m 0.312 kg – 0.294 kg = 0.018 kg