Phys 203:
Mathematical Physics
Dr M Mahbubur Rahman
Professor
Department of Physics
Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342
Email: M.Rahman@Juniv.edu 1
Ph 203: Mathematical
Physics
Quotes of the Day
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Ph 203: Mathematical
Physics
Chapter 2
Special Functions
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Chapter 2:
Special Functions
Gamma and Beta
Functions
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Special Functions
History of γ-Function
The Gamma function was first introduced by the
Swiss Mathematician Leonhard Euler (1707-
1783). Later many other people (Adrien-Marie
Legendre, Carl Friedrich Gauss, Joseph Liouville,
Charles Hermite………) got involved in the
development of Gamma function.
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Special Functions
Many important functions in applied
sciences, engineering, and physics are
discussed via improper integrals. Such
function is used to generalize the
factorial expressions for the natural
(non-integer values) numbers.
Dealing with such problems one will come
up with the famous formula known as the
Gamma function.
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Special Functions
γ-Function
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Special Functions
γ-Function
To generalize the factorial function of non-
integer values, the Gamma function has been
introduced in its traditional integral form.
The Gamma function is one of the most important
and widely used special functions encountered in
advanced mathematics because it appears in
almost every integral or series representations of
other mathematical functions.
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Special Functions
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Special Functions
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Special Functions
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Special Functions
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Special Functions
γ-Function
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Special Functions
γ-Function
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Special Functions
γ-Function
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Special Functions
γ-Function
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Special Functions
γ-Function
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Special Functions
γ-Function
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Special Functions
γ-Function
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Special Functions
Remember
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Special Functions
Remember
That means, Gamma function is not
valid for n =0, and for n being a
negative integer however the γ-
function has a finite value for the
negative values of n which are not
integers.
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Special Functions
Graphical Representation of γ-Function
γ-function. This graph shows that Gamma function is a
continuous function of n except when n = 0 and/or negative
integers. 22
Special Functions
γ-Function
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Special Functions
γ-Function
Answer
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Special Functions
γ-Function
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Special Functions
γ-Function
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Special Functions
Class Work
Evaluate the following gamma
functions.
(a) (b) (c)
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Special Functions
γ-Function
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Special Functions
γ-Function
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Special Functions
γ-Function
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Special Functions
γ-Function
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Special Functions
γ-Function
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Special Functions
γ-Function
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Special Functions
γ-Function
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Special Functions
γ-Function
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Special Functions
γ-Function
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Special Functions
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Special Functions
γ-Function
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Special Functions
Transformation of γ-Function
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Special Functions
β-Function
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Special Functions
β-Function
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Special Functions
Significance of γ- and β-Functions
The Gamma and Beta functions are used
to study the normalization of Coulomb
wave functions and the computation of
probabilities in statistical mechanics.
These two functions are also useful in
developing other functions such as
factorials, exponential integrals, periodic
functions etc.
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Special Functions
β-Function
Prove that the Beta function
is symmetric in m and n.
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Special Functions
Answer
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Special Functions
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Special Functions
Class Work
Establish a Relationship between
the Beta and Gamma functions.
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Special Functions
Answer
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Special Functions
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Special Functions
Various forms of Beta
Function
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Special Functions
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Special Functions
5.
6.
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Special Functions
7.
Continued to the next page
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Special Functions
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Special Functions
Problems
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Special Functions
Solution
Show the Solution to the
Class
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Special Functions
Problems
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Special Functions
Problems
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Special Functions
Problems
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Special Functions
Problems
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Special Functions
Problems
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Special Functions
Problems
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Special Functions
Problems
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Chapter 2: Special
Functions
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