Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The research methodology shows the research design of the study. It is
called the researcher’s road map that discusses the projected methods for
collecting and analyzing data to answer the research questions.
This starts with an introductory sentence which enumerates the contents of this
chapter. Follow the format indicated in the example here under.
Example:
Font style: Century Schoolbook
Font size: 12pts.
Chapter and Number: bold and
first letter should be capitalized
6 singles
spaces from top
3 single spaces
2 single spaces
Sample of an introduction
for Research Methodology
This part should include the
following parts of Chapter 3
such as: Method of
Research, Population,
Sample Size and Sampling
Technique, Description of
the Respondents, Research
Instrument, Data Gathering
Procedure, and Statistical
Treatment (for Quantitative
research)
Method of Research
This refers to the specific decisions made by the researcher with regard to
the method and procedures adopted in the conduct of a research study. This
pertains to the plan for the study’s methodology.
This part states the following in this order: First sentence: - Research design
(whether experimental, correlational, descriptive, quantitative, qualitative or
combination, historical, etc.) which you are using in your study.Next sentence/s: -
are those that describe and support the purpose of your chosen design.Sentences
that explain the procedure or instrument you are using for this design.
Example:
Font style: Century Schoolbook
Font size: 12pts.
Spacing: double space
The first sentence/s indicates
the methods used by the
researchers.
The following sentences will be
the description and purpose of
each method to the study.
Population, Sample Size and Sampling Technique
This pertains to population from which the respondents of the study are
chosen. The respondents are selected through computing the sample size by
applying the appropriate sampling technique.
This part of Chapter 3 includes the following steps and contents: First,
choose the participants of the study. Participants refer to the samples or
respondents you will use in your study.- If you are gathering data from human
beings, use “Participants of the Study.”- If you are gathering data from non-human
biological beings, phenomenon, or non-animate object, use “Subject of the Study.”
Second, describe and explain your samples/respondents. Make sure to provide
appropriate reason for choosing them. Third, write the sampling procedure that
you employed in your study and its method of identifying the samples.
Then, if you use probability sampling (Simple Random Sampling, Stratified
Random Sampling, Cluster Sampling, etc.), state the formula and the margin of
error that you will consider in identifying the samples. If you are using Non-
probability Sampling (Purposive Sampling, Snowball Sampling, Availability
Sampling, etc.), discuss the criteria that you considered in choosing your samples
or respondents. Lastly, for probability sampling, present the sampling computation
through table.
Font style: Century Schoolbook
Font size: 12pts.
Spacing: double space
This part discusses
the chosen
participants as
respondents of the
study with
descriptions, and
the sampling
procedure and its
method in
identifying the
samples.
The
Coachran’s
formula is used
to determine
the sample size
appropriate the
study’s target
population.
Table No. : first letter capitalized,
bold
Table Title: single space after the
table number, bold, capitalize the
first letters of the main words
This table includes the
computed sample size
and percentage of the
respondents applying
the stratified random
sampling technique.
Then followed by the
description of the table
and its content.
This is the description of
the table and its content.
Table No.2 : first letter capitalized, bold
Table Title: single space after the table
number, bold, capitalize the first letters
of the main words
This table indicates
the sample
distribution per
section and its
totality.
Then followed by
the description of
the table and its
content.
Description of the Respondents
This part refers to the description which indicates the characteristics,
background, and suitability of the respondents to the study.
Example:
Title: Century
Schoolbook, Bold
Content: specific
descriptions of the
respondents and the
justification of their
suitability as
respondents of the
study.
For a qualitative research, this portion is called ―Informants‖. The
research should tell the reader how and why you chose the informants for your
study – Usually, ‘purposive sampling’ is used because the informants are
available, convenient and most importantly represent characteristics you want
to study (Silverman, 2000).
Research Instrument
The research instruments used in a study depends on whether the research
study being conducted falls into the category of a quantitative or a qualitative
study. These are the measurement tools such as questionnaires, test, survey,
scales, checklists designed to obtain data on a topic of interest from the research
subjects or respondents. (EBSCO HELP, 2017)
This includes the following contents: Start with discussing the instrument
you are using part by part and describe the contents of this instrument and what
data can be extracted using it. State whether it is a researcher-made or adopted
instrument.
If adopted, make sure to mention the source from where you got it. Do not
forget to discuss the validation procedures and the reliability of the instrument.
Include the scale of measurement to be used for the research instrument.
Example:
Discussion of the
instrument used by
stating whether it is
a researcher-made
or adopted. If
adopted, include
the name of the
author, the
complete title of the
questionnaire, the
year it was
published, and if it
is modified by the
researchers.
This includes the
discussion of the
content description,
part
by part
Other than
descriptions, the
scale for
measurement should
be discussed in this
part. This also
contains the aim of
the researchers for
adopting and utilising
the
questionnaire/instru
ment.
These tables show
For qualitative research, this part is called ―Instrumentation‖ If you used
INTERVIEW as a data collection, you will probably use an Interview Schedule or
Guide. State whether your interview was semi-structured or unstructured. You may
also list down the types of questions you included in the interview guide.
Data Gathering Procedure
Specifically, this is the “how-to” section of the study and will introduce the
design of the research and how the data will be collected based on the questions of
interest. It is the technique used to obtain the information used in research study
to substantiate the claims made by a writer.
This part must discusses the following processes: First Paragraph: Discusses
the preliminary procedures done by the researchers before gathering the data. This
indicates the preparation and distribution of intent letters to the different
concerned authorities. Second Paragraph: Discusses the extracting of data using
the instruments, researcher-made and/or the adopted to the target respondents.
Enumeration of procedures from setting the respondents, distribution of materials,
and up to the retrieval of instrument should be stated. Last Paragraph indicates
the proper handling of data gathered from the respondents by keeping the data
anonymous and/or confidential.
Example:
The initial stage of
data gathering
procedure is asking
the permission to
the authorities and
participants
concerning the
study.
This part indicates
the process of data
extraction.
This part is the
discussion of the
proper handling of data
after the respondents’
answered the
questionnaires.
Statistical Treatment
This section determines the correct statistical tools to be used in the study,
thus the research should ensure the fitness of the measuring instrument or
statistical tool appropriate in diagnosing specific problems identified in the study.
This section starts with an introductory that discusses the tool used to
analyze the data gathered through the research instrument, then followed by the
discussion of the following statistical tools and data analysis techniques that will
be used to answer the research problems of you study.
The title is written in sentence case, boldface and has no section. Each
conclusion should be numbered and indented.
Example:
Introductory
paragraph
Statistical treatment
used and its
description,
purpose, and
statement of the
problem from which
it will answer.
The formula and
the function of its
parts.
Statistical treatment
used and its
description,
purpose, and
statement of the
problem from which
The formula and
it will answer.
the function of its
parts.
If you are doing a qualitative research, there should be a specific discussion
for the Data Analysis in this chapter. One common example of this is called
thematic analysis, it is a method of analyzing qualitative data. It is usually
applied to a set of texts, such as interview transcripts. The researcher closely
examines the data to identify common themes – topics, ideas and patterns of
meaning that come up repeatedly (Caulfield, 2019).
A thematic analysis is a good approach in which you’re trying to find out
something about people’s views, opinions, knowledge, experiences or values from a
set of qualitative data – for example, interview transcripts, social media profiles,
or survey responses (Caulfield, 2019).
Thematic analysis is a flexible method that can be adapted to the
purposes of your research.
There are various approaches to conducting thematic analysis, but the most
common form follows a six-step process (Caulfield, 2019):
Familiarization
Coding
Generating themes
Reviewing themes
Defining and naming themes
Writing up
Example:
Font style: Century Schoolbook
Font size: 12pts.
Spacing: double space
Introductory
paragraph
Sample
narration of
data gathered
Next is the analysis
of data gathered
(story). With all the
ideas gathered from
relevant materials,
make a list of the
characters to be
analysed, classified
according to their
roles.
References
https://www.slideshare.net/mjlobetos/lesson-28-drawing-
logical-conclusions-from- research-findings
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= kPIp-3n08
https://www.slideshare.net/RoquiMalijan/group-10-28367494
https://www.monash.edu/rlo/assignment-samples/
engineering/eng-writing-technical- reports/conclusions-and-
recommendations
Jerusalem, V. Delos Reyes, A et al. (2017). Practical Research
2:Exploring Quantitative Research. Sampaloc Manila.
Fastbooks Educational Supply, Inc.
https://www.slideshare.net/kellyliam84/even-more-riddles
