Joshua Joy O.

Dagaang

Science Portfolio
Quarter 2

2023-2024
 Table of
01 QUARTER GOAL
RECORD Contents

02 THE SCIENTIST IN ME

03 MY BEST TEST

04 TEST SELF EVALUATION

05 SCIENCE WATCH

06 A…AMU BAYA YAUN!

07 SCIENCE CONNECTION

08 PORTFOLIO RUBRIC
QUARTER GOAL
RECORD

THE FOLLOWING IS MY GOALS AT THE END OF THE QUARTER:

 My goal is to gain a comprehensive understanding of how light undergoes
refraction when passing through mirrors and lenses.
 And to comprehend the diverse functions and applications of the entire
electromagnetic spectrum, ranging from radio waves to gamma rays, in
order to appreciate their varied roles in science, technology, and everyday
life.
 I also aspire to acquire knowledge about the generation of electricity,
encompassing the principles and mechanisms involved in producing
electrical energy.
 Finally I aim to grasp the fundamental principles of magnetism and
understand its underlying mechanisms, unraveling the mysteries of how
magnetic fields and forces influence the world around us.
 THE SCIENTIST IN
ME
In the second quarter of science grade 10, I
have learned the following:

LIGHT MIRRORS AND LENSES

The study of light, mirrors, and lenses falls under the field of optics. Optics explores the behavior
of light as it interacts with various materials and optical devices. Here's a breakdown of the key
concepts:

 Light:

Light is an electromagnetic wave that travels in straight lines.

It exhibits characteristics such as reflection, refraction, dispersion, and interference.

 Mirrors:

Mirrors are surfaces that reflect light.

Plane mirrors reflect light without altering its size or shape, creating virtual images.

Concave mirrors converge light, forming real or virtual images, depending on the object's
position.

Convex mirrors diverge light, creating smaller and virtual images.

 Lenses:

Lenses are transparent optical devices that refract light.

Convex lenses converge light, forming real or virtual images.

Concave lenses diverge light, resulting in smaller and virtual images.

The lens equation relates the object distance, image distance, and focal length.

 Refraction:

Refraction is the bending of light as it passes through different mediums.

Snell's Law quantifies the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction.

Optical Instruments:

Cameras and telescopes use lenses to focus light and form images.

Microscopes magnify small objects by using lenses and light.

Understanding these concepts enables the exploration of phenomena like image formation,
magnification, and the practical applications of optical devices in various fields, from photography
to medical imaging.
The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses a vast range of electromagnetic waves, each with
distinct properties and applications. Here's an overview of the key components:

 Electromagnetic Waves:

Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves consisting of oscillating electric and magnetic fields.

They travel at the speed of light (3 x 10^8 meters per second) in a vacuum.

 Wavelength and Frequency:

The spectrum includes waves of varying wavelengths and frequencies.

Wavelength is the distance between successive wave crests, while frequency is the number of
oscillations per unit of time.

Shorter wavelengths correspond to higher frequencies and vice versa.

 Types of Waves in the Spectrum:

Radio Waves: Longest wavelength, used in communication and broadcasting.

Microwaves: Used in cooking, radar, and certain communication technologies.

Infrared Radiation: Perceived as heat, used in night vision and remote controls.

Visible Light: The small portion of the spectrum visible to the human eye, responsible for colors.

Ultraviolet Radiation: Beyond the visible spectrum, used in sterilization and tanning.

X-rays: Penetrating waves used in medical imaging.

Gamma Rays: Highest energy and shortest wavelength, emitted in nuclear reactions.

 Applications:

Each segment of the spectrum finds applications in various fields, from telecommunications and
medicine to astronomy and industry.

For example, radio waves are used in broadcasting, microwaves in cooking, and X-rays in medical
diagnostics.

 Interaction with Matter:

Different types of electromagnetic waves interact with matter in distinct ways.

Some waves, like visible light, are absorbed and reflected, while others, like X-rays, can
penetrate matter to varying extents.
Understanding the electromagnetic spectrum is crucial for advancements in
communication technology, medical diagnostics, astronomy, and numerous other
scientific and technological fields. Scientists and engineers utilize different segments of
the spectrum to develop technologies that improve our daily lives and expand our
understanding of the universe.
The study of electricity and magnetism is fundamental to understanding the behavior of charged particles
and their interactions. Here's a basic overview of key concepts in this field:

 Electric Charge:

Electric charge is a fundamental property of matter, and there are two types: positive and negative.

Like charges repel each other, and opposite charges attract.

 Electric Field:

An electric field surrounds a charged object and exerts a force on other charged objects within its
influence.

The strength of the electric field is measured in volts per meter (V/m).

 Current and Circuits:

Electric current is the flow of electric charge in a conductor.

In a closed circuit, electrons flow from the negative terminal to the positive terminal of a voltage source
(e.g., a battery).

 Voltage and Resistance:

Voltage (electric potential) is the energy per unit charge and is measured in volts (V).

Resistance, measured in ohms (Ω), opposes the flow of current in a circuit.

 Ohm's Law:

Ohm's Law states that the current (I) flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage (V)
across the conductor and inversely proportional to its resistance (R). Mathematically, this is expressed as I
= V/R.

 Magnetism:

Magnetism is the property of certain materials to attract or repel each other.

Magnets have two poles, north and south, and like poles repel while opposite poles attract.

 Magnetic Fields:

A magnetic field surrounds a magnet and exerts a force on other magnets or magnetic materials within its
influence.

Moving charges (current) also produce magnetic fields.

 Electromagnetism:

When an electric current flows through a conductor, it creates a magnetic field. This principle is the basis
for electromagnets.

Electromagnetic induction occurs when a changing magnetic field induces an electromotive force (EMF) in
a conductor.

 Applications:

Understanding electricity and magnetism is crucial for a wide range of applications, including power
generation, electric motors, transformers, telecommunications, and various electronic devices.

The integration of electricity and magnetism into a unified theory, known as electromagnetism, is a
cornerstone of physics and has led to profound technological advancements that shape modern society.
MY BEST TEST
 Test self
Evaluation
 Test self
Evaluation

1. What general topic was covered by the text? The general topic
covered by the text was optics, specifically focusing on the
principles and behavior of light as it interacts with mirrors and
lenses.
2. How did you prepare for the test? I studied and make sure to
learn all about the reaction of the light when it hits the mirror or
the lenses, I also learned the key terms and meanings of some
words that are important and connected to the topic.
3. What have you learned? I learned about how reflections are
produced in mirrors and lenses
4. What do I need to improve? I need to study more to improve my
academic performance not only in science but in all classes, I also
need to learn how to manage my time during study hours or at
home.
5. How might I have prepared more efficiently? Preparing for a test
is no easy task especially when the test is at the same time as
different test in a different subject, if I would prepare for this test
more efficiently I should have studied for the test in advance
knowing that this test is way ahead of time, and doing a quick
review and reading the key terms/words on the test so that I
could have answered more efficiently.
6. Am I satisfied with my performance? For me no, having a low
score is a sign to improve, it is motivation that I could achieve
even higher highs than before.
SCIENCE WATCH

Electromagnetic radiation
https://phys.org/tags/electromagnetic+waves/

This text uses material from Wikipedia, licensed under CC BY-SA

Electromagnetic radiation (sometimes abbreviated EMR) is a ubiquitous

phenomenon that takes the form of self-propagating waves in a vacuum or in
matter. It consists of electric and magnetic field components which oscillate in
phase perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the direction of energy
propagation. Electromagnetic radiation is classified into several types according to
the frequency of its wave; these types include (in order of increasing frequency
and decreasing wavelength): radio waves, microwaves, terahertz radiation,
infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays and gamma rays. A
small and somewhat variable window of frequencies is sensed by the eyes of
various organisms; this is what we call the visible spectrum, or light.
EM radiation carries energy and momentum that may be imparted to matter with
which it interacts.
 A…AMU BAYA
YAUN

Back when I was a kid I never knew how reflections worked so I tried all
sorts of things to figure out how I could see my self through this tall
looking frame with glass that I could not see through, but now I learned
that because of light it reflects the objects near by a mirror through the
process of specular reflection, now looking back at the past I feel stupid
for not knowing about this but at the end of the day you will always
learn something new.
 SCIENCE
CONNECTIONS

Current Energy Focus

Frequencies Optics Radiation
Reflection Refraction Wavelengths
 Portfolio Rubric
LEVELS
SCOR
Criteria Novice Apprentice Proficient Distinguished
E
[ 1-3] [4-6] [7-8] [9-10]
Some goals and
Goals are not Goals are
processes for Goals and
focused and are attainable and
attainment are processes for
Goal unrealistic for growth-oriented.
positive and attainment are
Setting ability or present
realistic. Little positive and
Implements
level of procedures to
growth is realistic.
development attain goals.
mentioned
Numerous
Several evidences of
Little evidence of Few evidences of
Test Self- evidences of reflection and
reflection and reflection and
Evaluation self-assessment. self-assessment.
reflection and self-assessment
self-assessment with
documentation.
Good Excellent
The Little evidence of Few evidence of performances or performances or
Scientist in growth and growth and general continued
Me achievement. achievement. improvement in improvement in
performances. performance.
My Best
50% - 70% 71% - 80% 81% - 90% 91% - 100%
Test
Lacks analysis Limited analysis Good analysis Excellent analysis
Science
and not related that are related related to the and pertinent to
Watch to the lessons. to the lessons. lessons. the lessons.
Very limited Incomplete Good Complete
“A.. Amu explanation of explanation of explanation of explanation of
baya the the the the
yaun!” misconception misconception misconception misconception
and the concept. and the concept. and the concept. and the concept.
Distinct evidence
No evidence of Little evidence of Clear
Science of
creativity/analyti creativity/analyti evidence/analyti
Connection cal work. cal work. cal work
creativity/analyti
cal work.
[1-2] [3] [4] [5]
About ½ of the
Overall Most of the Complete but
required items Complete and
Presentatio required items not well-
were not well-organized.
n were submitted. organized.
submitted.