© AUG 2019 | IRE Journals | Volume 3 Issue 2 | ISSN: 2456-8880

Design and Analysis of Electrical System for Orient Hotel

(Myanmar)
PWINT PHYU THAE1, SOE SOE THAN2, AYE MAR OO3, AYE AYE THAET4
1, 2, 3, 4
Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Technological University (Sagaing)

Abstract- Lighting design is fundamental to the  Interior lighting plan

success of any building. This paper is about the  Exterior electrical site plan
design and analysis of electrical system for a hotel.  Documentation (such as panel schedules,
This paper aims to know electrical system for all electrical calculation, single line diagrams, and
rooms, common areas and other places of hotel lighting system energy requirements)
which are important to require light, socket outlets
and other electrical equipments for the safety. The 2) Lighting System
paper describes the basic lighting theory and Lighting is provided in industries, commercial
illumination system, design and calculation, choice buildings, indoor and outdoor for providing
of the cable size, circuit breaker size and selection comfortable working environment. The primary
of light source fitting, earthing system and lightning objective is provided that the required lighting effect
protection system for a hotel. In this paper, selection for the lowest installed load i.e. highest lighting at
of light sources and switch socket outlets, design lowest power consumption.
calculations of illuminance levels and numbers of
fittings to know modern wiring installation for Light is the prime factor in the human life as all
Orient Hotel are described. activities of human beings ultimately depend upon
the light. Where there is no natural light, use of
Indexed Terms- Room Index, Utilization Factor, artificial light is made. Artificial lighting is produced
Lighting Layout Design, Power Layout Design, electrically, on account of its cleanliness. Ease of
Total Power control, reliability, steady output, as well as its low
cost, is playing an increasingly important part in
I. INTRODUCTION modern everyday life. Apart from its aesthetic and
decorative aspects, good lighting has a strictly
Electrical system is fundamental for the success of utilitarian value in increasing production, reducing
any building. For all building construction or workers fatigue, protecting their health, eyes and
remodeling building projects, the owner or occupant nervous system, and reducing accidents [2].
must first have a concept for the new design, and then
the architect or designer can produce a set of building 3) Lighting Layout Plan
plans. These plans convey all the required Lighting layout plan includes lighting, switches and
information to the local inspection authority and switching layout. There are many kind of rooms such
associated building trades so that the construction or as living room, bedroom, dining room, kitchen,
remodeling can take place. Because commercial and common area, study room and etc. This kind of
industrial building contain a number of electrical rooms are not same necessary lighting lux levels for
systems, these plans include specific electrical ( living room - 300lux, common area - 150lux,
designs and additional documentation to verify that dining area - 500lux, working area - 700lux,study
the design conforms to all required building codes. area - 700lux, bed room - 100lux, kitchen area -
700lux).This lighting lux levels are shown in
II. ELECTRICAL SYSTEM Myanmar National Building Code (MNBC) part 5A.

1) Creating the Electrical Plan 4) Interior Lighting Levels

 Interior electrical power plan The elements to be considered are:

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 the class of room and the service for the  High pressure mercury vapour lamps
illumination is required,  Tubular fluorescent lamps,
 the luminaries best suited for the service,  Mercury-halide lamps and
 the effect of the colour, and  High pressure sodium vapour lamps [1].
 The reflection of ceilings and walls together with
intensity, distribution, diffusion, colour, intrinsic 8) Measurement of Illumination
brightness, glare, shadow, and the like. As a measurement of quantity use is generally made
of concept illumination, expressed in lux units
5) Lighting Schemes measured at the working surface. For the sake of
The lighting scheme may, uniformity in executing the projects,
 provide adequate illumination, recommendations for the required illumination are
 provide light distribution all over the work plane essential and are in fact generally applied. Presented
as uniform as possible, in the form of table, values of illuminance state
 provide light of suitable colour and clearly what illumination is required in a given
 avoid glare and hard shadows as far as possible situation.

The following factors are required to be considered When using the table, it should be remembered that
while designing the lighting scheme. the visual organs is designed by nature to perceive at
 Illumination level illumination values arising out of natural day light.
 Uniformity of illumination These usually vary from several thousand lux to
maximum of 100,000 lux. Moreover, indoors the
 Colour of light
visual organ is relatively and severely tested; smaller
 Shadows
objects must be perceived over longer periods of time
 Glare
than are required out of doors.
 Mounting height
 Spacing of luminaires
The visual acuity of the human being increases as the
 Colour of surrounding walls [3] level of illumination rises; as the latter increases it
becomes possible to see smaller objects and perceive
6) Light Sources large ones with less effort. It is not until a level of
Modern light sources are based on one of the 10,000 to 20,000 lux has been reached that visual
following methods of light generation. acuity attains its maximum and the visual organ
 Temperature radiation functions under the most favourable conditions and
 Gas discharge with the least effort [5].
 Fluorescence [4].
9) Characteristics of the Illumination
7) Selection of Equipment for Electrical Light It is not just the light source which determines the
Sources character of the illumination; walls and ceilings
The choice of source for public lighting is guided by contribute their share by reflection, which consists
the following considerations: mostly of diffuse light. The greater this contribution,
 Luminous flux, the less directional the light will be. The illumination
 Economy (determined lumens/watt and life), system and the reflection from the ceiling and walls
 Dimensions of the light sources, and are decisive.
 Colour characteristics.
Directed light is characterised by strong shadows, an
The sources normally used in public lighting are; image rich is contrasts and very plastic effect. By
 Incandescent lamps, means of directed light, shadows and glow come into
 Mixed incandescent and high pressure mercury being and make contours and shapes of objects
vapour lamps, clearly visible and easily recognizable. Shadows are

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characterised by depth (that is to say darkness) and  Whether the wiring is to be installed during the
hardness. construction of a building, in a completed
building, or as an extension of an existing system
For most application, lighting must be tolerably  Capital outlay required
diffuse with directional lighting as a complementary  Planned duration of installation
source. The direction of incidence of complementary  Whether damp or other adverse conditions are
directional lighting determines the location of likely to exist
shadows and lights. This should be given sufficient  Type of building
attention because the wrong directional incidence  Usage of building
cause either direct or indirect glare on the object of
 Likelihood of alterations and extensions being
vision [5].
frequently required.

III. WIRING AND INSTALLATION SYSTEM

3) Electrical Installation
Whatever type of electrical equipment is installed, it
1) Types of Wiring System
has to be connected by means of cables and other
According to requirement and suitability, wiring can
types of conductors, controlled by suitable
be classified into indoor wire and outdoor wire.
switchgear. This is the work which is undertaken by
Wiring carried out inside the premises is known as
the installation engineer, and no equipment, however
indoor wiring and outside the premises is known as simple or elaborate, can be used with safety unless
outdoor wiring. Indoor wiring is residential-office
this installation work has been carried out correctly.
and outdoor wiring is flood light wiring. Another
method of classification of wiring is concealed wiring
There was very little planning of wiring installations
and open or exposed wiring. In concealed wiring
in those early days, but now, with supplies from the
about 90 percent wiring accessories are inside the grid, very large sources of power are introduced into
wall or floor but in exposed or open wiring, most of
all premises which use electricity, and proper
the wiring accessories are seen outside.
planning and design have become essential.

According to the method of connection adopted in a

When planning an installation there are many things
wiring system wiring can also be classified into tee which must be taken into account: the correct sizes of
system of connection and loop back system of
cables, suitable switchgear, current rating of
connection. In the loop back system, the connection
overcurrent devices, and the number of outlets which
leads to the controlling devices which are incoming
may be connected to a circuit and so on.
terminals to the next point. Generally, for wiring of
The regulations governing installation work can be
residential buildings and office buildings, loop back divided into two categories: statutory regulations and
systems of connection are adopted. Wiring systems
non-statutory regulations.
may be classified as permanent wiring and temporary
wiring. Another classification of wiring system is of
4) Components of Electrical System
industrial wiring and non-industrial wiring. Wiring of
Components of electrical system are light,wire cable,
residential buildings, hostels, office buildings, multi- circuit breaker, switches, switch socket outlet,
storage building come under non-industrial wiring,
isolator, earth-leakage circuit breaker, transformer,
generating station wiring etc, and come under
lightning arrester, lightning rod, earthing electrodes.
industrial wiring [1].
5) Main Switchboard
2) Choice of Wiring System In case of main switchboard check and ensure that
In deciding the type of wiring system for a particular
 The voltage available is correct.(i.e. within
installation, many factors have to be taken into
permissible limits of decleared voltage.)
consideration; amongst these are:
 The main switch is provided close to the point of
commencement of supply.

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 The fuse of corrected size is provided on the live  electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) i.e.
pole. limitation of electromagnetic disturbances
 The main switch is easily identified and is easily  Correct operation of the electricity supply
accessible so that in case of emergency the entire network and to ensure good power quality.
supply to the building can be switched off at once.
 There is a clear working space all-round the board 9) Testing of Wiring Installations
(as mentioned in IE rule 51 i.e. 0.914 metres). The test to be performed before a new installation or
 The phase and neutral wires are clearly marked an addition to existing installation is connected to the
for identification. supply mains are:
 Caution notice in Hindi or other local language is  The insulation resistance between the wiring and
placed [1]. earth with all fuses and lamps in and all switches
„on‟.
6) Distribution Boards  The insulation resistance between the conductors
The distribution board is an assembly of parts, with all lamps out and all switches „on‟.
including one or more fuses or circuit breakers,  Testing of polarity of non-linked single pole
arranged for the distribution of electrical energy to switches.
various circuits or other distribution boards known as  Testing of earth continuity path.
submain distribution boards. The boards are usually  Testing of earth resistance [1].
metal-cased in sheet steel or hard wood-cased in oak
or teak. The door may be solid or glazed. The 10) Methods for Lighting Calculation
earthing terminal and locking arrangement are A number of methods has been employed for lighting
invariably provided. The number of ways depends calculations, among which three common methods
upon the circuits or sub-circuits to be fed. Separate are mentioned.
distribution fuse boxes should be provided for light  Watts per square meter method
and power circuits. Some manufacturers combine  Lumen or light flux method
linked switch and distribution boards [1].  Point to point or inverse-square law method

7) Lightning protection system 11) Determination of Size of Conductor

There are three method of lightning protection There are three points which must be taken into
system. These are following as; account, while determining the size of conductor for
 Angle method – method to determine position of internal wiring for a given circuit [1].
air termination system protection angle method.  Minimum size mainly for mechanical reasons
 Rolling sphere method-method to determine  Current carrying capacity
position of air termination system separation  Voltage drop
distance; distance between conductive parts
where know dangerous parking (flash over) can IV. DESIGN AND CALCULATION
occur.
 Wire mesh method-method to determine position 1) Essential Factors for Determination of Interior
a mesh on top of a roof of the structure or by Lighting Layout
creating a mesh with wires at certain distance. There are four essential factors for determination of
interior lighting-layout. These factors are described
8) Earthing System as the following:
A good earthing system is required for: a. Room index
 protection of buildings and installations against b. Utilization factor
lightning c. Maintenance factor
 safety of human and animal life by limiting d. Room Reflectances
touch and step voltages to safe values e. Average Illuminance

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E = Average illuminance or required

illuminance (lux)
a) Room Index F = Lamp luminous flux (Lm) for one fitting
Room index is the ratio of room plan area to half the N = Number of fitting (sets)
wall area between the working and luminaire planes. UF = Utilization factor
Room Index = (1) LLF = Maintenance factor
Where, l = the Length of the room A = Area of surface (m2)
h = the Height of the luminaries above the working
plane 2) Layers of Orient Hotel
w = the Width of the room The orient hotel is designed with four layers. They
are
b) Utilization Factor(UF)  Basement Floor
Utilization Factor (UF) is the proportion of the  Ground Floor
luminous flux emitted by the lamps which reaches  Typical First to Fifth Floor
the working plane. It is a measure of the effectiveness  Roof Floor
of the lighting scheme. Factors that affect the value
of UF are as follows: 3) Design and Calculation Result of Lighting Layout
 lighting output ratio of luminaire Plan
 fiux distribution of luminaire
 room proportions
 room reflectances
 spacing/mounting height ratio

c) Maintenance Factor (Light Loss Factor)

Light loss factor (LLF) is the ratio of the illuminance
produced by the lighting installation at the some
specified time to the illuminance produced by the
same installation when new. It allows for effects such
as decrease in light output caused by
 the fall in lamp luminous flux with hours of use, Figure .1 Lighting Plan for basement Floor
 the deposition of dirt on luminaire, and
 reflectances of room surfaces over time.

d) Room Reflectances
The room is considered to consist of three main
surfaces:
 the ceiling cavity,
 the walls, and
 The floor cavity (or the horizontal working
plane).
Figure. 2 Lighting Plan for Ground Floor
e) Average Illuminance
Average illuminance of the interior lighting system
can be calculated by applying the following Equation
4.2.
E = (2)
Where,

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Figure.3 Lighting Plan for Typical First to Fifth Floor

4) Design and Calculation Result of Power Layout

Plan

Figure.4 Lighting Plan for Roof Floor

Table .1 Result Data of Lighting Layout Design

Figure.5 Power layout Plan for Basement Floor

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Figure.6 Power layout Plan for Ground Floor

Table.3 Results Data of Power Layout Design for

Other Load
Total
Sr Type of Load No. HP
Power
1 Transfer Pump 1 5 3730
2 Lift Moter 1 10.054 7500
3 Fire Pump 1 1.5 1119
4 Booster Pump 1 1.5 1119
Submersible
Figure.7 Power layout Plan for Typical First to Fifth 5 1 3 2238
Pump
Floor

Table.2 Result Data of Power Layout Design 5) Main Switch Board, Floor Distribution Boards
and Sub-distribution Board Installation

Main Switch Board is divided as eight sub-

distribution boards. There are basement DB (DB-B0,
ground floor DB (DB-G), first floor DB (DB-FL1),
second floor DB (DB-FL2), third floor DB (DB-
FL3), fourth floor DB(DB-FL4), fifth floor DB(DB-
FL5) and lift DB(DB-Lift). Cable distribution system
for Transformer No.2 consists of instruments group.

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[4] D.W. Durrant , F. lllum. E.S and T.Eng (CEI).

and. “Interior Lighting Design”, 5th Ed.,
Published jointly by the lighting. Industry
Federation Limited and the Electricity Council1,
(1977).
[5] H.A.E Keitz, “Light Measurements and
Calculations”, Philips Technical Library,
Eindhoven, (1952).
[6] www.lightinglab.fi > guidebook > 5 lighting
technologies.pdf.com

Figure.8 Main Distribution Board Single Line

Drawing for Orient Hotel

6) Selection of Transformers
The total power load of Orient Hotel is 153kW.Thus,
the actual load is 191.25 kVA and it can be chosen
enough the 200 kVA transformer with 11 kV / 0.4
kV, 50 Hz, 0.8 p.f.

V. CONCLUSION

In this paper, results and calculations illustrate that

the electrical installation system is suitable topology.
In this design, the calculated values of illumination
level are nearly round about the standard levels. This
paper will provide a means of developing in the
design and planning for the preparation of lighting
system and wiring distributions. It will require some
judgments on the part of the designer to draw the
necessary balance. From this paper, technical
knowledge and design methods can be contributed
regarding lighting, illumination, wiring installation,
single drawing.

REFERENCES

[1] J.B. Gupta, “A Course in Electrical Installation

Estimating and Costing”, S.K. KATARIA &
SONS (Publisher of Engineering & Computer
Books), (2012).
[2] Zumtobel Staff, “Lighting Handbook”, 1st Ed.,
(2004).
[3] “I.E.S.N.A Lighting Handbook”: Reference and
Application. Illuminating Engineering Society of
North America, (2000).

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