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Lighting
Presented By :- Satyam Pandey
Roll no. :- 2141119265 WHAT IS LIGHT ?
Light is a form of energy without which there can be no vision.
When light strikes an object, it may be reflected, absorbed or allowed to pass through. Lighting plays an important role in the comfort and safety of residents of the hotel. Lighting contributes to the décor of a room and should be both decorative as well as functional without causing glare or appearing flat and dull lighting needs. IMPORTANCE OF LIGHTING
• It has a definite emotional effect and is stimulating.
• Lighting plays both a functional and aesthetical role in a hotel. • It enhance the guest experience. • It changes the mood of a room. • Artificial light can produce a harmonious effect throughout a room in addition to its basic function of providing visibility. • It brings out ambience and quality of experience in the hotel. TYPES OF LIGHT Light can be classified in many ways
• Source based classification .
• Based on the way light is directed on the object. • Function based classification. SOURCE BASED CLASSIFICATION
Natural light: the bright radiant energy of the sun, day light is a major determining factor in the design of the hotel guestroom and house. Ligh t Natural Artificial
Incandescent/ Fluorescent/ Filament Discharge • Artificial light: Well planned artificial illumination help us to see without strain and help to prevent accidents. It can be further classified depending upon the way it is produced and the way it is used.
It is of two types:
i. Incandescent
ii. Fluorescent lights
BASED ON THE WAY LIGHT IS DIRECTED ON THE OBJECT • Direct light: These kind of lights comes from source such as sealing fixtures, that shed light downwards, or from lamps with translucent shades spreading light in all direction.
• Indirect lighting: This is usually from concealed sources in alcoves,
cornices or valances. It is softer than direct lighting, but more costly in installation and operation. • Diffused lighting: When light fittings are completely enclosed as with some globes and sealing panels, the light is diffused since it passes through the glass or plastic.
• Semi indirect lighting: It is possible to have some light passing through
a diffusing bowl and some reflected off the sealing where the fixture is open on top. • Incandescent light: Light is produced by heating any material, usually metal, to a temperature which it glows. Typical incandescent bulbs have a tungsten filament in a sealed glass container.
• Fluorescent light: are a luminescent or cold source of light. A glass
tube with an inside coating of fluorescent powder is filled with vaporized mercury and argon. The ends are then sealed with two cathodes. Fluorescent tubes comes only in straight or circular shapes. They consume less energy than incandescent bulbs It can be further classified into low pressure and high pressure lamps depending on the pressure inside the tube. METHODS OF LIGHTING • Architectural Lighting - Includes portable lamps, ceiling and wall fixtures. Lamps provide a certain amount of flexibility in that they can be moved from one place to another. There are no rules about where to use lamps and mounted fixtures. Ex-Ceiling, Wall Fixtures and Filament Bulb
• Non-Architectural Lighting - For general lighting and achieved by
the mounting of simple fixtures in valances, cornices, coves etc. One may light a window area wall, ceiling, floor or any special area for emphasis. Fluorescent tubes are useful for such lighting because they provide an even line of light. Ex- •Valance lighting • Cornice lighting • Cove lighting • Track lighting Factors to Consider when Planning a Lighting System
Amount of light required for an area will depend on various factors
like: • Location and direction of the light sources. • Reflected qualities of color. • Textures used in the room. • The number of lamps and fixtures. • The wattage of bulbs and tubes. • Design and durability. • Ease of replacement especially if lampshades are used. • Cleaning-they should be easily cleaned. • Cost. Recommended Value of Illumination • General Labs- 400 Lux • Reading Tables- 600 Lux • Bars- 50-70 Lux • Kitchens- 200 Lux • Restaurant Tables- 100 Lux • Bedroom- 100 Lux • Hospital Wards- 50 Lux • Stairs and Corridors- 100 Lux Principles of Lighting Designs 1.Balance: Is achieved by placing light sources throughout the room avoiding a concentration of light on any side or area of the space. Balance can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. 2.Unity: Can be achieved by duplicating the fixtures as well as repeating the materials, finishes, colors, textures and maybe lampshades. 3.Variety: Can be created by using similar but not identical fixtures. Variety can also be created by having general and local lighting also by changing the level of illumination with dimmers. 4.Emphasis: Is given by highlighting. Lack of emphasis in an interior causes boredom, confusion and uncertainty as to the design content and intention. 5.Rhythm: The sequence of lighting will create a luminous rhythm giving the space a dynamic quality. 6.Scale and Proportion: The fixtures must be in proportion and scale to the room, themselves and to the relative objects in the room. 7.Harmony: If the contrast between general and accent lighting is too strong there will not be enough luminous transaction and the lighting composition will lack harmony.
