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17 Organisms and populations

1. Who is the Indian father of Ecology? C) Soil D) All of these

(Pg. 218, E) 13.1.1 Major Abiotic Factors
A) E. hackle B) Ramdeo Mishra
C) P. odum D) Tansley 8. Study the following statement and select
13.1 Organism and its the correct ones. - (Pg. 221, E)
Environment i) Organisms capable to tolerate a wide
range of temperature are called
2. For what is the interaction among stenothermal organisms.
organisms is necessary (Pg. 220, E) ii) Thermal tolerance of different species
A) Recreation B) Reproduction determines their geographical
C) Survival D) Both B and C distribution to a large extent.
3. Basic unit of ecological hierarchy is- iii) Average temperature in tropical desert
(Pg. 220, E) in summer is <50ºC.
A) Population B) Community iv) Thermal spring cannot sustain life due
C) Ecosystem D) Organism to very high avg. temperature i.e.
4. Identify the following which is not correctly >100ºC.
matched - (Pg. 220, E) A) ii B) i, iii, iv
Biome Mean Mean C) i, ii, iv D) iv
annual annual 9. Organism which tolerate narrow range of
temp.(.c) precipitatio temperature-- (Pg. 222, E)
n (em) A) Stenothermal B) Eurithermal
1 Tropical 20-25 130-430 C) Eurihaline D) None of these
forest 10. Mango tree do not grow in (Pg. 222, E)
2 Artic and -12-2 10-125 A) Temperate country
alpine B) Tropical country
3 Coniferous -5-5 100-200
C) Sub-tropical country
forest
D) None of these
4 Temperate 8-22 5-225
11. Mango do not and cannot grow in the
forest
above region. The most important
environmental factor responsible for it is-
A) 3 B) 1
(Pg. 222, E)
C) 2 D) 4
A) Soil B) Temperature
5. Different biomes are formed due to annual
C) Water D) Light
variations in ________ over the earth's
12. Snow leopard are not found in ________
surface. - (Pg. 220, E)
and tuna fish rarely caught beyond
A) Temperature
________ latitudes in the ocean.
B) Precipitation
(Pg. 222, E)
C) Incident of solar radiation
A) Tropical, Kerala
D) All of these
B) Kerala, tropical
6. Deserts, rainforests, tundra, etc. are
C) Kerala, temperate
example of - (Pg. 221, E)
D) Kerala, sub-tropical
A) Community B) Niche
13. Organism which tolerate wide range of
C) Biomes D) Ecosystem
temperature?
7. The key element that determines
A) Eurithermal B) Stenothermal
difference in environment conditions of
C) Stenohaline D) None of these
different habitats include. - (Pg. 221, E)
14. Match the following salinity. (Pg. 222, E)
A) Temperature B) Light
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1 Sea a 5 21. Thermoregulation is energetically

2 Hypersaline b 30-35 expensive process for (Pg. 224, E)
Lagoons A) Shrews B) Mammals
3 Inland water c >100 C) Humming bird D) Both A and C
1 2 3 22. Thermoregulation is energetically
A) a c b expensive process for small animals due to
B) b c a their- (Pg. 224, E)
C) c a b A) Small surface area relative to their size
D) b a c B) Large size relative to surface area
15. A fresh water organisms cannot survive in C) Both B and A
a water body that has greater ________ D) Large surface area relative to size
than its original habitat- (Pg. 222, E) 23. The organism which moves away
A) Nutrients B) Depth temporarily from stressful situation is
C) Salt concentrationD) Water clarity known as- (Pg. 225, E)
A) Migrators B) Conformers
13.1.2 Responses to Abiotic factor
C) Regulators D) Endothermals
24. Keolado National Park is situated in
16. The organism try to maintain the
(Pg. 225, E)
constancy of its internal environment and
A) Rajasthan B) Raipur
the process is called (Pg. 223, E)
C) Gujarat D) Madhya Pradesh
A) Hibernation B) Aestivation
25. Match the following (Pg. 223-225, M)
C) Homeostasis D) None of these
A B
17. (Pg. 223, E) 1 Regulators i Humming birds
2 Conformers ii Shrenes
(B)
(A) 3 Migrators iii Mammals
4 Suspendors iv Siberian birds
(C)
v Bacteria, fungi
and lower plants
A) A-Regulators, B-Conformers, C-Partial
Regulator 1 2 3 4
B) A-Conformers, B-Regulators, C-Partial A) i, ii iii iv v
Regulator B) iii i, ii v iv
C) A-Partial Regulator, B-Regulators, C- C) iii i, ii iv v
Conformers D) iv iii i, ii v
D) A-Conformers, B-Partial Regulators, C- 26. A stage of suspended development is called
Regulator (Pg. 225, E)
18. Regulators maintain homeostatic by which A) Diapause B) Aestivation
means- (Pg. 224, E) C) Hibernation D) Migration
A) Chemical B) Physiological 27. Winter sleep is known as ________ and
C) Behavioural D) Both B and C summer sleep is known as ________.
19. We maintain constant body temperature (Pg. 225, E)
of- (Pg. 224, E) A) Hibernation, Aestivation
A) 39º C B) 37º C B) Migration, Aestivation
C) 33º C D) 34º C C) Aestivation, Hibernation
20. The organism in which body temperature D) Aestivation, Migration
changes according to the ambient 28. Match the following (Pg. 225, M)
temperature is known as (Pg. 224, E) A B
A) Conformers B) Regulator 1 Bear i Aestivation
C) Partial Regulators D) Endothermal
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2 Zooplankton ii Migration (Pg. 226, E)

3 Snail iii Hibernation A) Low atmospheric pressure
4 Siberian clane iv Diapause B) Low oxygen
C) High atmospheric pressure
1 2 3 4 D) Both A and B
A) ii iv iii i 13.2 Population Attributes
B) iii iv i ii
C) iii i iv ii
37. What is a group of individual belonging to
D) iv iii ii i
the same species called- (Pg. 227, E)
13.1.3 Adaptation A) Population B) Biomes
C) Community D) Family
29. Any attributes of the organism that enable 38. _______ links ecology to population
them to survive and reproduce its habitat genetics and evolution (Pg. 227, E)
is known as (Pg. 225, E) A) Ecosystem
A) Migration B) Diapause B) Biomes
C) Adaptation D) Dormancy C) Population ecology
30. Kangaroo rat in ________ American deserts D) Population attributes
is capable to meet all its water requirement 39. Population has certain attributes which
through ________. (Pg. 225, E) are- (Pg. 227, E)
A) East, internal fat oxidation A) birth rates B) death rates
B) North, internal fat oxidation C) sex ratio D) All of these
C) North, internal protein oxidation 40. If the age distribution is plotted for the
D) West, internal fat oxidation population, the resulting structure is
31. Desert plants have special photosynthetic called- (Pg. 227, E)
pathway which is known as-(Pg. 225, E) A) Population attributes
A) C3 cycle B) C4 cycle B) Population ecology
C) CAM pathway D) None of these C) Age pyramids
32. Desert plant do not have following one D) None of these
characteristics- 41. What type of human population is
A) Bread leaf B) Flattened stem represented by the following are pyramid?
C) Sunken stomata D) Thick cuticle (Pg. 227, E)
33. Mammals from Colder climates generally
have shorter ears and limbs to minimize
the heat loss. This Rule was give by-
(Pg. 226, E)
A) Charles Darwin B) Jansely
C) P. Odum D) Allen
34. Desert lizard manage to keep their body A) Stable population
temperature constant by ________ means. B) Declining population
(Pg. 226, E) C) Expanding population
A) Physiological B) Behavioural D) Vanishing population
C) Chemical D) Both A and B 42. The tiger census in our national parks and
35. Many marine aquatics lives in very high tiger reserves is after based on-
pressure. Which type of adaptation shown (Pg. 227, E)
by them? (Pg. 226, E) A) Pug marks
A) Biochemical B) Behaviourals B) Fecal pellets
C) Physical D) None of these C) Counting no. of tigers
36. Altitude sickness in high altitude is due to- D) Both A and B
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43. ________ is more meaningful measures of B) A = Natality + Mortality, B =

the population size of parthenium Immigration + Emigration
(Pg. 228, E) C) A = Birth rate + Death rate, B =
A) Total no. B) Biomass Migration + Emigration
C) Age D) None of these D) A = Natality + Emigration, B = Mortality
44. The age distribution of a population is + Immigration
determined by: (Pg. 228, E) 50. A biologist studied the population of rates
A) Timing of birth in a born. He found that average Natality
B) Timing of death was 260, average Mortality 250,
C) The rate at which the population is Immigration 30 and emmigration 40. The
growing net increase in population is- (Pg. 229, E)
D) All are correct A) 10 B) 0
13.2.2 Population Growth C) 15 D) 20
51. The formula for exponential population
45. What four factors define population growth is (Pg. 229, E)
growth? (Pg. 228, E) A) dt/dN = rN B) dN/rN = dt
A) Birth, deaths, immigration, emigration C) rN/dN = dt D) dN/dt = rN
B) Survivorship, age-specific mortally, 52. Which of the following is not a factor that
fecundity, death rate would limit the growth of population?
C) Mark-capture, cenrus, sampling, (Pg. 229, E)
transects A) Food shortage B) Immigration
D) Age-specific birth rates, C) Disease D) Famine
Metapopulation structure, quad rate, 53. Birth rate = B, Death rate = D, Emigration
ectone = E and Immigration = I (Pg. 229, E)
46. ________ contribute to an increase in Column I Column II
a Population is i B+I=D+E
population density (Pg. 228, E)
increasing
A) Natality and emigration
b Population is ii B+I<D+E
B) Mortality and emigration
decreasing
C) Mortality and Immigration c Population is iii B+I>D+E
D) Natality and Immigration stable
47. ________ refers to the no. of deaths in the
population during a period. (Pg. 228, E) a b c
A) Natality B) Immigration A) iii ii i
C) Mortality D) Birth rate B) ii iii i
48. If N is the population density at time t, C) i ii iii
then its density at time t + 1 is D) ii i iii
(Pg. 228, E) 54. Darwinian fitness is represented by
A) Nt+1 = Nt + (B + E) – (D + I) (Pg. 230, E)
B) Nt+1 = Nt + (B + D) – (E + I) A) Low r value B) High r value
C) Nt+1 = Nt – (B + I) – (D + E) C) High k value D) Low k value
D) Nt+1 = Nt + (B + I) – (D + E) 55. What are Labelled phase A, B and C in
49. Fill up A and B Boxes in the given diagram given sigmoid growth curve? (Pg. 230, E)
with correct options: (Pg. 229, E)
+ -
Population
A Density (N) B

A) A = Natality + Immigration, B =
Mortality + Emigration
A) A-Lag, B-Log, C-Stationary
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B) A-Stationary, B-Log, C-Lag 64. A population growing in a habitat with

C) A-Lag, B-Stationary, C-Log limited resources show initially a __(A)__
D) A-Stationary, B-Lag, C-Log followed by phase of __(B)__ and finally
56. Carrying capacity is denoted as __(C)__. (Pg. 230, E)
(Pg. 230, E) A) A-Lag phase, B-Acceleration and
A) r B) N deceleration, C-an asymptote
C) K D) I B) A-Log phase, B-Acceleration and
57. Figure For calculation of the r value, which deceleration, C-an asymptote
of the following is required? (Pg. 230, E) C) A-Log phase, B-Acceleration and
A) Birth rates B) Death rates deceleration, C-a symptote
C) Both a and b D) None D) A-Log phase, B-Acceleration and
58. Which of the following equation is correct deceleration, C-a symptote
for Logistic growth? (Pg. 231, E) 65. To calculate the current r value for human
A) 𝑁𝑡 = 𝑁0𝑒 𝑟𝑡 population we need to know about
B) dN/dt = rN (Pg. 230, E)
C) dt/dN = rN (K-N/K) A) Birth rate B) Death rate
D) dN/dt = rN (K-N/K) C) Carrying capacity D) Both A and B
59. ________ refers to the no. of births during a 66. Human population follows the ________ as
given period in the population that are the carrying capacity increase or we do not
added to the initial density. (Pg. 231, E) meet yet our population carrying capacity.
A) Natality B) Mortality (Pg. 231, E)
C) Immigration D) Survival A) J-shaped growth curve
60. Logistic curve is ________. (Pg. 231, E) B) Z-shaped growth curve
A) L-shaped B) J-shaped C) S-shaped growth curve
C) Sigmoid curve D) None of these D) All of the above
61. A plot of N in relation to time (t) results in 13.2.3 Life History Variation
sigmoid curve. This type of population
growth is called- (Pg. 231, E) 67. Which of the following organism breeds
A) J shaped Curve only once on their life time? (Pg. 232, E)
B) U shaped Curve A) Pacific salmon fish
C) Verhulst-Pearl Logistic Growth B) Oyester
D) Constant Growth C) Bamboo
62. Nt = N0ert is the integral form of the D) Both A and C
exponential- growth equation 68. Which of the following organism produces
Which of the following statement related to a large no. of small sized offspring?
equation is not correct: (Pg. 231, E) (Pg. 232, E)
A) 𝑁𝑡 = Population density after time t A) Pacific salmon fish
B) 𝑁0 = Population density at time zero B) Oyester and pelogic fishes
C) r = Intrinsic rate of Natural decrease C) Oyester and pacific salmon fish
D) e = The base of Natural logarithmics D) Birds and mammals
(2.71828)
13.2.4 Population Interaction
63. Which growth model is considered as more
realistic one? (Pg. 230, E)
69. Match the following (Pg. 232-238, H)
A) Exponential growth
1 Both the species a Amensalism
B) Constant growth
benefited
C) Logistic growth 2 Both the species b Mutualism
D) None of these get harmed
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3 One species get c Pairasitism A) interspecific competition

benefits B) Brood parasitism
4 One is harmed d Predation C) Intra specific competition
other species D) None of these
unaffected
76. Prey species defenses themselves through
e Competition
there behaviour- (Pg. 233, E)
A) Camouflaged B) Highly distasteful
A) 1-c, 2-b, 3-a, 4-d
C) Poisonous D) All of these
B) 1-b, 2-e, 3-c, d, 4-a
77. Which Butterfly is highly distasteful?
C) 1-a, 2-e, 3-c, d, 4-b
(Pg. 234, E)
D) 1-b, 2-a, 3-c, d, 4-c
A) Monarch ButterflyB) Viceroy Butterfly
70. Prickly pear cactus caused havoc in the
C) Queen Butterfly D) All of these
early 1920's in- (Pg. 233, E)
78. Butterfly is highly distasteful which is
A) Canada B) Austria
acquire by them by tending on poisonous
C) India D) Australia
weed during (Pg. 234, E)
71. Which predator brought the control over
A) Caterpillar Stage B) Adult Butterfly
the inversive growth of prickly pear cactus
C) Pupa State D) All of these
(Pg. 233, E)
79. “Camouflage” means (Pg. 234, E)
A) Moth B) Bollworm
A) Cryptically coloured
C) Caterpillar D) Grasshopper
B) Feeding on young ones of other species
72. (A) Chemical control methods are adopted
C) Poisonous
in agricultural pest control, based on
D) Feeding on own species
ability of predator to regulate prey
80. Darwin has given the statement of
population.
(Pg. 234, E)
(B) Penicilium and stryptomyees show
A) Survival of fittest
Amensalism. (Pg. 233, M)
B) Struggle for existence
A) A) Statement A is correct
C) Both A and B
B) Statement B is correct
D) None of these
C) Statement A and B both are correct
81. Who has convinced that interspecific
D) Statement A and B are wrong
competition is a patent force in organic
73. (A) Predators helps in maintaining species
evolution? (Pg. 234, E)
diversity in community.
A) Darwin B) P. odum
(B) It reduces the intensity of competition
C) Jansely D) None of these
among competing prey species.
82. (A) It is generally believed that competition
(Pg. 233, M)
occurs when closely related species
A) Statement A is correct
complete for same resources that are
B) Statement B is correct
limiting.
C) Both statement is wrong
(B) Totally unrelated species could also
D) Option A and B
complete for the same resource.
74. Starfish Pisaster is (Pg. 233, E)
(Pg. 234, E)
A) Parasite
A) A is true B is false
B) Hemi-parasite
B) Both A and B is false
C) Predator
C) A and B both are true
D)Prey of invertebrate
D) A is false and B is true
75. More than 10 species of vertebrates
83. The feeding efficiency of one species might
disappeared a year after removing the
be reduced due to the interfering and
starfish from habitat is due to-
inhibitory presence of the other species
(Pg. 233, E)

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even if resource are abundant in known 88. Connell's field experiment on the rockey
as- (Pg. 234, E) sea coast of scotland the larger and
A) Interspecific predation competitively superior bernacle Balances
B) Interfering competition dominates the intertidal area and excludes
C) Both A and B the smaller barnacle chathamalus from
D) commensalism that zone. This happened due to:
84. When certain exotic species are introduced (Pg. 235, E)
in to a geographical area they become A) Mutualism B) Predation
invasive mainly because: (Pg. 235, E) C) Competition D) Parasitism
A) The invaded land has unlimited 89. The principle of competitive exclusion was
resources for the introduced species. stated by: (Pg. 235, E)
B) The population of the introduced A) Gause B) C. Darwin
species in the invaded land is very low. C) Mac Arther D) Connelli
C) Introduced species do not face any 90. Gause's principle of competitive exclusion
competition in the introduced land. states that: (Pg. 235, E)
D) The invaded land does not have its A) More abundant species will exclude the
natural predator. less abundant through competition
85. What was the result, when all pisaster B) Larger organism will exclude smaller
starfish were removed from an enclosed one
intertidal area, in a field experiment? C) No two closely related species can
(Pg. 234, E) occupy same niche indefinitely for the
A) Extinction of many invertebrate species same limiting resources
B) Increase in diversity of invertebrates D) Both A and B
C) Inability of the pisaster to enter the 91. In resource partitioning mechanism-
area again (Pg. 235, E)
D) Replacement of pisaster by other A) Species divide a niche to avoid
starfish competition for resources
86. A species whose distribution is restricted B) Two different species eat the same
to a small geographical area because of the thing at the same time of a day
presence of a competitively superior C) Individuals of the same species that
species is found to expand its compete with each other
distributional range dramatically when the D) Two species that share the same niche
competing species is experimentally 92. In accordance with their lifestyles,
removed. This is called- (Pg. 235, E) parasites evolved special adaptations such
A) Competitive Exclusion as ________. (Pg. 235, E)
B) Competitive Supermacy A) the loss of unnecessary sense organs
C) Competitive Inclusion B) presence of adhesive organs or suckers
D) Competitive Release to ding on to the host
87. Which of the following is not a function of C) loss of digestive system and high
predators? (Pg. 235, E) reproductive capacity
A) They decrease the species competition D) All of the above
in a community 93. The human liver fluke (a nematode
B) They act as conduits for energy transfer parasite) depends on two intermediate
access trophic levels host to complete its life cycle that is-
C) They help in stabilization of the (Pg. 235, E)
ecosystem A) insect and cow
D) They decrease the species diversity in a B) insect and human
community C) a snail and fish
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D) None of these C) Epiphyte D) Both A and B

94. Mosquito is- (Pg. 235, E) 102. Lichens represent an intimate mutualistic
A) Not a parasite B) Parasite relationship between ________. (Pg. 237, E)
C) Endoparasite D) Holoparasite A) Fungus and algae
95. Parasites that feed on the external surface B) Cyanobacteria and fungus
of the host organism are called- C) Archaebacteria and fungus
(Pg. 235, E) D) Both A and B
A) endoparasite B) ectoparasite 103. Mycorrhiza are associations between
C) Holoparasite D) Hemiparasite (Pg. 237, E)
96. Which one is/are the example of A) fungi and higher root plants
ectoparasite? (Pg. 235, E) B) fungi and algae
A) Lice on human C) Algae and lichen
B) tick one dogs D) Both B and C
C) sea anemone and clown fish 104. Who showed that 5 closely related species
D) both A and B of Warblers living on same tree were able
97. Match the following: (Pg. 235, M) to avoid competition and co-exist by
a Marine i Brood beharioural difference? (Pg. 237, E)
fish parasitism A) C. Darwins B) Connell
b Cuscutta ii Copepods C) Mac Arther D) Gause
c Cattle iii Grazing 105. (A) The female wasp uses the fig fruit only
egret cattle for oviposition.
d Koel iv Parasite
(B) Female wasp shows commensalism.
(Pg. 237, E)
a b c d A) A and B both are correct
A) ii iv iii i
B) A and B both are wrong
B) iii iv i ii
C) A is correct B is wrong
C) iv ii iii i
D) A is wrong and B is correct
D) i iii iv ii 106. The Mediterranean orchid employs
98. ________ are those that live inside the host
________ to get pollination done by a
body at different sites (Liver, kidney, lungs,
species of bee. (Pg. 238, E)
red blood cells, etc) (Pg. 235, E)
A) Shelter B) Food
A) endoparasite B) ectoparasite
C) Sexual deceit D) Egg-laying sites
C) Hemiparasite D) Both B and C
107. Pseudocopulation is an example of-
99. The life cycle of endoparasite are more
(Pg. 238, E)
complex why? (Pg. 235, E)
A) Wasp and fig B) Ophrys and bees
A) Because of their complex morphology
C) Ophrys and warp D) None of these
B) Because of their food habit
108. If the female bee's colour pattern changes,
C) Because of their extreme specialization
the orchid flower co-evolves to maintain
D) All of these
the resemblance of its petals for the
100. Which of the following group do not comes
successful pollination is known as
under commensalism? (Pg. 236, E)
(Pg. 238, E)
A) Orchid growing on Mango branch
A) Commensalism B) Protocooperation
B) Lichens and fungi
C) Co-evolution D) None of these
C) Cattle egret and grazing cattle
D) Sea Anemone and clown fish
101. Orchid grows as a ________ on a mango
branch. (Pg. 236, E)
A) Acrophyte B) Parasite

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