2/14/2024

:‫المحاضرة األولى‬

Fluid Mechanics (1) - MEP(231)

)1( ‫ميكانيكا الموائع‬
‫ ميكانيكا‬-2 :‫الفرقة‬
2 nd Year - Mechanical Engineering Department

2024/2023 ‫الفصل الدراسي الثانى‬

Mohamed M. Abdelghany & Osman Omran, ME. Dept. Faculty of Eng. - Assiut University

1. Introduction
1.1 Basic Concepts of Fluid Mechanics, Brief Presentation of
Fluid Mechanics Applications and Course specifications
Objectives :
➢ Understand the basic concepts of fluid mechanics
‫األلمام بالمفاهيم األساسية لميكانيكا الموائع‬
➢ Recognize different fluid mechanics applications in various fields
‫التعرف علي مختلف تطبيقات ميكانيكا الموائع في مجاالت متعددة‬
➢ Recognize the course main specifications:
‫التعرف علي مواصفات المقرر الرئيسية‬
 Be familiar with the course aims and teaching activities (lectures,
exercises, and exams,..etc)
)..‫ تمارين وإختبارت‬,‫معرفة اهداف المقرر واألنشطة التعليمية المتعلقة بتدريسه (محاضرات‬
 Be familiar with the grading system and year work constituents
‫معرفة نظام التقييم وعناصر أعمال الفصل‬
Mohamed M. Abdelghany & Osman Omran, ME. Dept. Faculty of Eng. - Assiut University
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➢Understand the basic concepts of fluid mechanics

‫األلمام بالمفاهيم األساسية لميكانيكا الموائع‬
Fluid Mechanics
▪ Mechanics deals with the behavior under the influence of forces
on stationary bodies (statics) and moving bodies (dynamics).
kinematics `
Study bodies motion without consideration
of the mass or forces that cause such motion

▪ Fluid mechanics deals with the behavior of fluids

at rest (fluid statics), in motion (fluid dynamics).
kinematics of fluids
Study fluid motion without consideration
of the mass or forces that cause such motion
Mohamed M. Abdelghany & Osman Omran, ME. Dept. Faculty of Eng. - Assiut University
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What is a Fluid?
From physics:
Phases of substances

solids liquids gases

plasma
at very high
temperatures
Intermolecular decreases
cohesive forces very large smaller than zero or
for solids negligible
Intermolecular increases
spaces very small spaced farther vey large
(densely spaced) apart
Kinetic energy increases
of molecules very small larger than solids very large
(maintain its shape) (relatively free to move) (free to move)

Solids Fluids

Mohamed M. Abdelghany & Osman Omran, ME. Dept. Faculty of Eng. - Assiut University
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• The arrangement of molecules in different phases:

(a) Solid (b) Liquid (c) Gas

(a) in the solid phase: molecules are at relatively fixed positions,
(b) in the liquid phase: groups of molecules move about each other,
(c) in the gas phase: the molecules are far apart from each other and
individual molecules move about at random.
A substance in the liquid or gas phase is referred to as FLUID

Mohamed M. Abdelghany & Osman Omran, ME. Dept. Faculty of Eng. - Assiut University
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Engineering Definition of Fluids ‫التعريف الهندسي للمائع‬

In engineering distinction between a solid and a fluid is made
on the basis of the substance’s ability to resist applied stresses

Solid Fluid

resists an applied stress by ➢ supports compression,

changes in shape (deforming: ➢ can not support tension, and
elastic then plastic or ➢ continuously deform (flows) when
breaking) when acted on by a shearing stress

Stress is proportional Stress is proportional

to strain to rate of strain

Mohamed M. Abdelghany & Osman Omran, ME. Dept. Faculty of Eng. - Assiut University 6

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Concept of continuum in dealing with Fluids

 Fluid's molecular structure is important in distinguishing one
fluid from another,
 It is not practical to study the behavior of individual molecules*
when describing the behavior of fluids at rest or in motion.
It is convenient to disregard the atomic nature of the fluid and
view it as continuous, homogeneous matter with no holes, that
is, a continuum.

* To have a sense of the distances at the molecular level:

 For gases the number of molecules/mm3 is ~ 1018 and the spacing is
~ 10-6 mm at normal pressures and temperatures
 For liquids the number of molecules/mm3 is ~ 1021 and the spacing is
~ 10-7 mm.
Mohamed M. Abdelghany & Osman Omran, ME. Dept. Faculty of Eng. - Assiut University
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➢ Recognize Different Fluid Mechanics Applications

‫التعرف علي تطبيقات ميكانيكا الموائع‬
Application Areas of Fluid Mechanics
Fluid mechanics is a very important, practical subject that
encompasses a wide variety of applications and situations:
❖ it is widely used in everyday activities,
❖ it is widely used in the design and operation of
engineering systems (in various engineering fields).
❖ it covers a vast array of phenomena that occur in nature.

❖ it plays a vital role in the human body (artificial hearts,

breathing machines, dialysis systems,…..etc.).
Mohamed M. Abdelghany & Osman Omran, ME. Dept. Faculty of Eng. - Assiut University 8

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➢ Recognize the course main specifications

‫التعرف علي مواصفات المقرر الرئيسي‬

MEP 231: Fluid Mechanics (1) )1( ‫ ميكانيكا املوائع‬: MEP 231
The Course Main Aims: ‫اهداف المقرر الرئيسية‬
 developing a physical awareness of fluid mechanics (statics
and dynamics) and its applications.
 Presenting fundamental laws that govern all fluid behavior.
 Developing practical methodologies for solving engineering
problems involve fluids at rest and flow problems.
 Providing a reference in the field of fluid mechanics that can be
used throughout an engineering career.
 Developing ability to identify appropriate assumptions,
formulate and solve engineering problems in fluid mechanics.
Mohamed M. Abdelghany & Osman Omran, ME. Dept. Faculty of Eng. - Assiut University
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➢ Course Text-Book and References

➢ Bruce R. Munson, Theodore H. Okiishi, Wade W.

Text book Huebsch and Alric P. Rothmayer," Fluid Mechanics",
7 th Ed. 2013, John Wiley & Sons Inc.
1. Yunus A. Çengel and John M. Cimbala, “Fluid
Mechanics : Fundamentals and Applications “, 3rd
Recommended Edition, 2014, McGraw Hill. Company.
References 2. John K. Vennard and Robert L. Street, “Elementary
Fluid Mechanics”, SI Version, 5th Edition, 1976, John
Wiley & Sons, Inc. (1 st: 1940 – 12 th Ed: 1996)
Periodicals, web Proper web sites that are related to the field of Fluid
sites…etc. Mechanics and its Applications.

Mohamed M. Abdelghany & Osman Omran, ME. Dept. Faculty of Eng. - Assiut University
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The Course Contents ‫محتوي المقرر‬

Faculty Teaching
Subject (Chapter No. in Course Text-Book) Member Assistants

1- Introduction (Chap. 1)

‫ محمد محمود عبدالغنى‬.‫د‬.‫أ‬

2- Fluid Statics (Chap. 2)
Part 1

‫ على مرتض ى‬.‫ احمد سمير و م‬. ‫م‬

3- Fluid Kinematics (Chap. 4)

4- Elementary Fluid Dynamics (Chap. 3)

‫ عثمان عمران موسى‬.‫د‬

5- Finite Control Volume Analysis (Chap. 5)
Part 2

6- Viscous Flow in Pipes (Chap. 8)

7- Dimensional Analysis, Similitude and

Modeling (Chap. 7)

Mohamed M. Abdelghany & Osman Omran, ME. Dept. Faculty of Eng. - Assiut University
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Course Contents and Subjects (Part 1):

No. Subjects (Chapter No.)
1. Introduction (Chap. 1)
- Basic Concepts of Fluid Mechanics and Brief Presentation of its
Different Applications in Various Fields.
- Dimensions and SI System of Units.
- Properties of Fluids Related to Mass and Weight.
- Ideal Gas Law.
- Other Properties: Bulk Modulus, Viscosity, Vapor Pressure and
Surface Tension.
2. Fluid Statics (Chap. 2)
- Basic Equation for Pressure Filed and Pressure Variation in a Static
Fluid.
- Pressure Measurement: Manometry, Mechanical and Electronic
Pressure Measuring Devices.
- Hydrostatic Force on Surfaces (Plane and Curved)
- Buoyancy, Flotation and stability.
- Pressure Variation in a Fluid with Rigid Motion (linear and rotation).
Mohamed M. Abdelghany & Osman Omran, ME. Dept. Faculty of Eng. - Assiut University
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Course Contents and Subjects (Part 1- Continue):

No. Subjects (Chapter No.)
3. Fluid Kinematics (Chap. 4)
- Types of Flows, Velocity and Acceleration Fields
- Control Volume
- Conservation of Mass: The Continuity Equation.
- Reynolds Transport Theorem.
4. Elementary Fluid Dynamics (Chap. 3)
- Newton’s Second Law.
- Euler’s Equations of Motion.
- The Bernoulli Equation.
- Static, Stagnation, Dynamic, and Total Pressure.
- Examples of Use of Bernoulli Equation (Free Jets, Confined Flows,
Flowrate Measurement).
- The Energy Line and the Hydraulic Gradient Line.

Mohamed M. Abdelghany & Osman Omran, ME. Dept. Faculty of Eng. - Assiut University

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Course Contents and Contents (Part 2)

No. Subjects (Chapter No.)
5. Finite Control Volume Analysis (Chap. 5)
- Conservation of Mass: Continuity Equation.
- Control Volume
- The Linear and Moment-of- Momentum Equations.
- Energy Equation
6. Viscous Flow in Pipes (Chap. 8)
- General Characteristics of Pipe Flow.
- Major and Minor Losses of Pipe Flow..
- Multi Pipe Systems.
7. Dimensional Analysis, Similitude and Modeling (Chap. 7)
- Dimensional Analysis
- Buckingham Pi Theorem – Determination of Pi Terms.
- Common Dimensionless Groups
- Modeling and Similitude
- Practical Aspects of using Models and Some Typical Models Studies

Mohamed M. Abdelghany & Osman Omran, ME. Dept. Faculty of Eng. - Assiut University
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‫‪Grading System and Marks Distribution‬‬

‫اساليب التقييم وتوزيع الدرجات‬

‫اسلوب التقييم ‪Assessment Method‬‬ ‫‪Marks‬‬

‫امتحانات اعمال الفصل * ‪Mid-Term Exams‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫‪Year Work‬‬ ‫متوسط درجات امتحانات صغيرة ** ‪Quizzes‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬
‫اعمال الفصل‬
‫حضور (محاضرات وتمارين) *** ‪Attendance‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪Final Exam‬‬ ‫اإلختبارالنهائي‬ ‫‪100‬‬
‫‪Total‬‬ ‫المجموع‬ ‫‪150‬‬
‫* مجموع درجتي امتحانين فقط كل امتحان ‪ 15‬درجة مواعيدها التقريبية هي ‪:‬‬
‫األول في األسبوع رقم ‪ 6‬من بداية الترم‬
‫الثاني في األسبوع رقم ‪ 13‬من بداية الترم‬
‫امتحان ثالث (اختياري يشمل كل ما سبق دراسته) ودرجته من ‪ 15‬ايضا يعقد في اإلسبوع ‪15‬‬
‫من بداية الترم لمن لم يتمكن من أداء احد اإلمتحانين ألي ظرف خاص وآل يتم عقد اي امتحانات‬
‫اخري بديلة آلي من هذه األمتحانات‪.‬‬
‫‪Mohamed M. Abdelghany & Osman Omran, ME. Dept. Faculty of Eng. - Assiut University‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

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‫** يعقد ‪ Quiz‬في بداية حصة التمارين في اإلسبوع التالي إلنتهاء شرح ومناقشة تمارين كل‬
‫موضوع من موضوعات املقرر ويحسب متوسط درجاتها من ‪ 5‬لكل جزء ‪(Part 1‬‬
‫‪ (and Part 2‬من اجزاء املقرر‪.‬‬
‫*** تحدد درجة الحضور حسب عدد مرات حضور املحاضرات (عن قرب) والتمارين بو اقع ‪5‬‬
‫درجات إلجمالي عدد محاضرات وتمارين كل جزء (‪ (Part 1 and Part 2‬من اجزاء‬
‫املقرر مع مالحظة انه سيتم حرمان من تصل نسبة غيابه ل ـ ‪ % 25‬من إجمالي عدد‬
‫املحاضرات (عن قرب) والتمارين طبقا لألئحة‪.‬‬

‫‪Mohamed M. Abdelghany & Osman Omran, ME. Dept. Faculty of Eng. - Assiut University‬‬
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