Republic of the Philippines

Commission on Higher Education

Region IV-A CALABARZON
Kolehiyo ng Lungsod ng Lipa
College of Teacher Education
Marawoy, Lipa City

A Detailed Lesson Plan in Mathematics

I. LEARNING COMPETENCIES

 Content Standards
The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of algebraic
expression and synthetic division.

 Performance Standards
The learner is able to formulate real life problems involving algebraic
expression and synthetic division and solve these problems accurately using
a variety of strategies.

 Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students are able to:
1. identify the divisor, dividend, quotient and remainder of the given
problem
2. use synthetic division to find an equivalent expression in a real-
world problem involving the quotient of polynomials.
3. demonstrate a clear understanding of the underlying principles of
long division and synthetic division.

II. SUBJECT MATTER

A. Topic: Division and Synthetic Division
B. References: Algebra p. 44-52
https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-cbse-maths-class-8/section/12.4/
primary/lesson/division-of-algebraic-expressions/
https://www.cuemath.com/algebra/synthetic-division-of-polynomial/

C. Materials: white board Marker, Whiteboard, LED Television, Laptop, Power

Point Presentation
III. LESSON PROPER

Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

A. Preliminary Activities

1. Prayer
Class, before we start this day let us
seek the guidance of our Almighty
Father through a prayer.

Almighty God,

We pray to You
To have our joys added
Sorrows subtracted
Friends multiplied
Love divided
And problems be solved

Amen.

2. Greetings
Good morning class!
Good morning, Ma’am!
I am Jhoan Velarde and I will be your
demonstrator for today!

How is everyone?
We are fine, Ma’am.
Before we start with our lesson for
today, let me remind you of our
classroom rules.

FOCUS!

Kindly read everyone!

F-Fix yourselves and remove
unnecessary things
that may distract you.
O-Only one person speaks at a time
during class discussion.
C-cooperate and participate in the
discussion, do not
hesitate if you want to ask questions.
U-Unleash the better version of
yourself by doing
your best in every activity.
S-Stay Focus, MATHivated and
Enthusiast.
 Is that clear class? Yes, Ma’am.

3. Checking of Attendance
For our attendance, Ms. Secretary do
we have absentees today?
I’m glad to report that everybody is
present today, Ma’am.
Thank you so much, Ms. secretary.
Very good, class!

Are you excited?

Yes Ma’am!
B. Developmental Activities

1. Motivation
So, before we start our discussion. I
want you to help me to help Ronald
Mcdonald to find his friends.
Do you know who are the friends that
Ronald Mcdonald are looking for?
(Answer may vary)
Okay so let me introduce you the
friends of Ronald Mcdonald.
Grimace, Birdie the early bird and
Hamburglar.

To find Ronald Mcdonald friends we

need to do the 3 task, in each task
there is a hint where Ronald
Mcdonald’s friend can be found.

Are you ready to do the 3 task?

Yes ma’am.
The first task that we are going to do
is entitled
“MEMORY YARN”
Kindly read the mechanics (all
together)
 MECHANICS:
 The class will be
grouped into 4 groups
 You have 10 seconds to
memorize the given
word or example (vice
versa) and 5 minutes to
answer. You need to
answer my questions
first.
 Each group need to flip
2 pictures of grimace
Reminder: Before you can flip the that are connected to
picture you have to answer the each other.
problem that is given by the teacher.

For example:

Here are the pictures of Grimace and

each picture has a word or example.

Do you understand?

The first question, what are four

operations on algebraic expression?
Yes ma’am.

Very good. You can have your

representative in your group to flip The four operations on algebraic
the picture of grimace. expression are addition, subtraction,
multiplication and division
Answer:
Kite = kite

Trapezoid=

Rectangle=

Do you understand class?

Yes ma’am.
Okay let’s start!

( The student perform the task)

Based on what you have done, what

words did you come up? We came up with the word’s
synthetic, division, multiplication, long
division, addition and subtraction.

Very good! Make sure to remember it

because it is part of our lesson.
Yes ma’am.

Since we are done with the first task

let’s check the hint of where we can
find Ronald Mcdonald’s friend.
(The students in the third row will
It says here, go to the third row of the check and will find Grimace)
seat on the left side and you will find
me.
2. Activity
Before we proceed to our discussion
lets have the second task entitled
“MATH HENYO”
In this game, each group will have
their two representatives to guess the
word correctly.
Here are the mechanics for this
game, kindly read ( all girls)
MECHANICS:
 Each group should have a two
representatives to guess the
word.
 The words that they will guess
are about algebra.
 Each group will have 1 minute
to guess the word.
 The group who has answered
the word in the shortest time is
the winner.

Is it clear?

Yes ma’am.

Let’s start the game!

( The student play the game)

(We have the winner)

Very good class! All of you did a

great job. Kindly give yourselves five
claps.
(The students give themselves five
claps)
Since, we are done with the second
task, let us check the hint on where
to find Ronald Mcdonald’s friends.

It says here, go check me in the first

row of the right side.
( The students in the first row in the
right side will check and they will find
birdie the early bird)
 3. Analysis
a. How did you find the activity?
(Answer may vary)
b. What words have you encounter
on the first activity?
The words we encounter are
synthetic, division, multiplication, long
division, addition and subtraction.
c. What do you think our topic for
today?
Division and synthetic division.
Very good, class!

We will discuss the division on

algebraic expression and synthetic
division.

Division

Division – in as much as division is

the inverse of multiplication, the
manner of division is based on the
distributive property of multiplication
over addition. To divide a polynomial
by a monomial we apply the
distributive law in the reverse manner
and then we write the algebraic sum
of the quotient.

Generally, the result of division is

written in the following manner:

Dividend remainder
= ∂ Equation+
Divisor divisor
Or
Dividend=(Divisor )(∂Quotient )+ Remainder

We say that the dividend is divisible

by the divisor whenever the
remainder is zero. Now, let us
consider the following law of
exponents:
 {
m−n
a ,if m> n[ Division of powers having¿ the same b ase ]
m
a 1, if m=n
n
a 1
n−m
, if m<n
a

Let’s have an example:

5
g 5−2 3
1. 2 =g =g
g

Why do you think we get the g3 if the We use the law of exponents
divisor is g2? The exponent in the dividend is
greater than the exponent of divisor

Very good.

Let’s have another example.

2
12 a 2 a
2. =
6 ab b
Do you understand class?
Yes ma’am.

Okay, I want you to answer the next

example in your notebook.

2 4
−15 x y z
3.
5 xz
4
2
4. 7
2
3
3
5. 3 Item answer
3
3. -3xyz3

1
4. 3
2

5. 1

Excellent!

Now we are ready to apply this law

and the distributive property to
division of polynomial by a monomial.

Example 1:Divide
( 8 x 3−4 x 2+ 6 ) by (2 x)

Solution: rewriting and applying the

distributive property and the law of
exponents, we get
3 2 3 2
8 x −4 x +6 8 4x 6x
= - +
2x 2x 2x 2x

= 4x2 – 2x + 3
The same example:
3 2
8 x −4 x +6
= 4x2 – 2x +3
2x

Where 8x3 – 4x2 + 6 is the dividend,

2x, the divisor, and 4x2 – 2x + 3, the
Quotient. Yes ma’am.

Do you understand class?

Okay, so let’s have another example

but you will be the one who will Yes ma’am.
answer it.

Is that clear?

Example 2: Divide
( 25 m n3−15 m2 n2+ 10 m3 n ) by ( 5 mn )

Example 3: Divide
( 35 x 2 y +12 x y 3 + 4 xy ) by (2 xy )
Answer
Example 4: Divide
( 23 c 2 d 2+11 c 3 d 5−8 c 2 d 6 ) by (3 cd ) 2.
3 2
25 mn −15 m n +10 m n
2 3

5 mn
3 2 2 3
25 mn 15 m n 10 m n
= - +
5 mn 5 mn 5 mn

= 5 n2−3 mn+2 m2
2 3
35 x y +12 x y + 4 xy
3.
2 xy
2 3
35 x y 12 x y 4 xy
= + +
2 xy 2 xy 2 xy
 35 x 2
= +6 y +2
2
2 2 3 5 2 6
23 c d +11c d −8 c d
4.
3 cd
2 2 3 5 2 6
23 c d 11c d 8c d
= + –
3 cd 3 cd 3 cd
2 4 5
23 cd +11c d −8 c d
=
3

Very good!

It seems that you understand the

division of polynomial by a monomial.

Let’s proceed with the Long Division.

Kindly read the procedure of long

division.
Let us follow the given procedure
below.

1) Arrange the terms in the dividend

P(x) and divisor D(x) in the order of
descending powers of a letter that
appears in each.

2) Divide the first term in the dividend

by the first term in the divisor to get
the first term in the first partial
quotient.

3) Multiply the divisor by the first term

in the partial quotient and subtract the
product from the dividend.

4) Treat the remainder R obtained in

(3) as a new dividend and repeat
steps (2) and (3).

5) Continue this process until a

remainder R that is degree lower than
the divisor in the letter chosen in (1)
as the basis for arrangement is
obtained. Denote the partial quotient
by Q(x) and the remainder by R(x).
the final answer can be written in the
form

P( X) R(x)
= Q(x) + or P(x) = Q(x)
D( X ) D( x )
D(x) + R(x)
Okay, so for us to be fully understand
 the long division, let’s have an
example.

Example 1:
( 6 X 2−1 2 X −15 ) by (2 x−3)

Solution:
3
3x −¿ Partial Quotient
2
2 x−3 √ 6 x 2−1 2 x−15 Dividend
- 6 x 2+ ¿9x From (2x -3) 3x
-3x – 15 partial product
9
- 3x - from (2x -3)
15

( )
−3
2
Partial product
−39
2

Thus, 6x2 – 12x – 15 =

(3 x− 32 ) ( 2 x −3) +−392
Note that the same procedure is
followed when the variable of x is
replaced other variables.

Do you understand class? Yes ma’am.

Let’s have another example and you

will be the one to answer it.

Example 2: Divide

( 2 p3−7 p2 +9 ) by (2 p2− p−3)

Example 3: Divide

( 2 x 2+5 x−8 ) by (x+ 2) Answer

2. p-3
2 p − p−3 √ 2 p −7 p +0 p+9
2 3 2

- 2 p 3− p2 +3 p
- 6 p2 + 3p + 9
6p 2 - 3p - 9
0
 3 2
2 p −7 p + 9
Therefore, 2 =p–3
2 p − p−3

Or 2 p 3−7 p2 +9=( p−3 ) ( 2 p2− p−3)

3. 2x + 1
x +2 √ 2 x +5 x 8
2

− 2 x 2−4 x
− x−8
x−2
-10

Therefore,
2 x 2+5 x−8=( 2 x+1 )( x +2 ) +10

Excellent!

Let’s proceed with synthetic division

Synthetic Division
Kindly read.
To simplify division of an n- degree
polynomial P(x) by a first degree
binomial D(x) of the form x – r, we use
the division algorithm known as
synthetic division. To find the quotient
Q(x) and the remainder R(x) by
synthetic division, we have following
steps:

1. Arrange the coefficients of the

same terms of P(x) in the order of
descending powers of x, supplying
zero as the coefficient pf each
missing power.

2. Replace the divisor x – r by r.

3. Bring down the coefficient of the

largest power of x and multiply it by r.
Place the product below the
coefficient of the second largest
power of x and add the product to the
coefficient of the next largest power of
x . Continue this procedure until there
is a product added to the constant
term.
 4. The last number in the third row is
the remainder and the other numbers,
reading from left to right, are the
coefficients of the terms of the
quotient Q(x) which is of degree one
less than P(x).

Thank you.
Let’s have an example of synthetic
divison.

Example 1: Use synthetic division to find

the quotient and remainder of
( 2 x 4 +5 x 3+7 x 2−4 x +6 ) ÷(x +3)

Solution: Write the coefficients of the

terms of the dividend. Since x + 3 can
be written as x – 3, we see that, r = -3
Hence, we have the following:

Therefore, Q(x) =
3 2
2 x −x +10 x−34∧R ( x )=108

Do you understand the synthetic Yes ma’am.

Division, class?

Okay, let’s proceed with the next

example.
 Example 2: Divide x 4 −16 ¿ by (x−2)

Example 3: Use synthetic division to

find the quotient and remainder with
(−4 x 4 +10 x 3+ 12 x 2−22 x+ 4 ) is divided by (2 x+ 4)
Answers
2. 1 0 0 0 -16 2
2 4 8 16
1 2 4 8 0

( x 4−16 ) 3 2
Hence, =x + 2 x +4 x +8
x−2

−4 x + 10 x +12 x −22 x +4 2 x + 4
4 3 2
3. ÷
2 2

=(−2 x 4 +5 x 3+ 6 x2 −11 x+2 ) ÷( x+2)

-2 5 6 -11 2 -2
4 -18 24 -26
-2 9 -12 13 -24

Therefore, Q(x) =
3 2
−2 X +9 X −12 X+ 13
R(x) = −24 ( 2 )∨−48

Very good!

4. Abstraction
Let us see if you fully understand the
lesson.

What is the last operation on

algebraic expression?
The last operation on algebraic
expression is division.
Very good.
Next, why do we use Synthetic
To simplify division of an n- degree
Division?
polynomial P(x) by a first degree
binomial D(x) of the form x – r.

Excellent!

It seems that you’ve fully understood

our topic, let us proceed with our
activity to test your knowledge and
 understanding.
5. Application
Here is your activity: Divide the
following using the long division and
synthetic division.

1) (x 3+6 x 2+10 x +3)by (x +3)

2) (2 x 3+ x 2 – 20 x+ 3)by (x – 3)
3) (x 3+4 x 2+13 x+52)by (x−4 )
4) (6 x 2 – 2 x – 28)by (2 x+ 4)
5) (x 3+4 x 2+7 x+ 6)by (x +2)

You only have 10 minutes to answer

the activity.

Do I make myself clear?

Yes ma’am.

Your timer starts now!

( The students start answering the

activity)
Okay, time’s up.

Let’s check your answers.

Item Answers
Long Division Synthetic
Division
1. x2 + 3x + 1 x2 + 3x + 1, and
the remainder is
0
2. (2x2 + 7x + 1) 2x2 + 7x + 1, and
(x – 3) + 6 the remainder is
6
3. (x2 + 8x + 45) X2 + 8x + 45,
( x – 4) + 232 and the
remainder is 232
4. 3x - 7 3x – 7, and the
remainder is 0
5. x2 + 2x + 3 X2 + 2x + 3, and
the remainder is
0
1. Values Integration
Now in our last journey, let’s have a
values integration. Before we have
your quiz, take a look what’s written
on the picture.

What can you say about this quote?

How can you relate it to our topic and
a real-life situation?

Anyone from the class?

Thank you, _____.

In life there is no such a shortcut to

get the success that we wanted. Just
like in our topic for today there is no
possibility that the shortcut you use
to answer an equation or given is (Answer may vary)
correct. You take it step by step to
get the answer to that question. Just
like in life you need to take a step by
step even it takes a long time but we
know that we take our success step
by step we know that we can claim it.

Okay, we are done with our lesson

and for the last task to find the
friends of Ronald Mcdonald here is a
hint on where to find Hamburglar.

It says here go to the front and you

will see me.
( The students will go to the front and
they will see Hamburglar)
Wow! We find the friends of Ronald
Mcdonald, and because of that
Ronald Mcdonald want to thank you
all for helping him.
2. Evaluation
Directions: Perform the indicated
operation.
1) 27a2b3
18a4b5

2) 15w9 – 40w6 – 25w3

5w3

3) 15x5y3
3x3y8

4) -4a4bc
10a3c

5) 16x3 – 32x2
8x

Answers
1) 3
2a2b2

2) 3w6 – 8w3 – 5

3) 5x2
Y5

4) -2ab
5

5) 2x2 – 4x

IV. ASSIGNMENT
Directions: Perform the indicated operation.

A. Divide the polynomials

1) -36a5 – 30a3 + 2a
-3a
2) 14x – 3x3 + 77x
6

7x2
3) -10a8 + 8a3 – 11ab – 2b
-10a3
B. Divide the following given using long division
4) (x2 + 3x – 18) by ( x – 3)
 5) ( 8x3 +12x2 – 2x + 1) by (2x + 2)

C. Divide the following given using synthetic division

6) (8x3 + 12x2 – 3x + 1) by ( 2x + 4)
7) (9x2 – 4x + 3) by ( x – 2)

Answer Key:

a.
1) -36a5 - 30a3 + 2a
-3a -3a -3a

-12a4 + 10a2 – 2
3

2) 14x6 - 3x3 + 77x

7x2 7x2 7x2

2x4 – 3x + 11
7 x

3) -10a8 + 8a3 - 11ab - 2b

-10a3 -10a3 -10a3 -10a3

a5 – 2 + 11b + b
5 10a2 10a3

b.
4) x−3 √ x 2+3 x−18

X +6
x−3 √ x +3 x−18
2

- X2 + 3x
6x – 18
- 6x + 18
0
X + 3x – 18 = x + 6
2

X–3

5) 2 x+ 2 √ 8 x 3+ 12 x 2−2 x+ 1
 4x 2 + 2x – 3
2 x+ 2 √ 8 x 3+ 12 x 2−2 x+ 1
(-) 8x3 - 8x2
0 4x 2 - 2x
(-) 4x 2 – 4x
0 -6x + 1
(-) 6x + 6
7
8x3 + 12x2 – 2x + 1 = (2x + 2) ( 4x2 + 2x – 3) + 7

c.
6) 8x3 + 12x2 – 3x + 1 ÷ 2x + 4 = 4x3 + 6x2 – 3x + 1 ÷x + 2
2 2 2 2

4 6 -3 1 -2
2 2
-8 4 -5
4 -2 5 -9
2 2

Therefore, Q(x) = 4x2 – 2x + 5

2
R(x) = -9 (2) or -9
2

7) ( 9x2 – 4x + 3) by ( x – 2)

9 -4 3 2
18 28
9 14 31

Therefore, Q(x) = 9x + 14
R(x) = 31

Prepared by:

JHOAN VELARDE
Student Teacher

Checked by:

MYLA D. ORDONA
Cooperating Teacher