CLASS

ASSIGNMENT
SYED ALI HAIDER ZAIDI
RIF22UBSCS049

CLASS INFORMATION

SUBJECT OR COURSE TITLE INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER

Types of languages:
 c\c++
 java
 javascript
 python
 HTML
 PHP
 Ruby
 GO
 Swift
 Kotlin

1)PYTHON
According to Stack Overflow, Python is the most popular backend programming
language and the most wanted technology.
It is also the most popular language for Data Scientists and Machine Learning
Engineers.
At the first spot on our list is Python. It is an article arranged; adaptable, broadly
useful programming language made quite a while back by Guido van Rossum. This
innovation is utilized in the improvement of uses, for example, Instagram,
Pinterest, Disqus, Uber, Reddit, Dropbox, Spotify, Google Search, YouTube and
some more. Consequently, software engineers who know this programming
language are exceptionally pursued by IT enlistment offices. Its notoriety is
underlined by the way that In 2021 Python was the top programming language in
TIOBE and PYPL Record. It very well may be accepted that this propensity will
proceed. Although Python is 30 years old, it’s still growing in popularity
Properties:
Python is verifiable and powerfully composed, so you don't need to proclaim
factors. ...
Information types. How about we push forward to information types. ...
Strings. How about we continue on toward strings. ...
Stream control explanations. ...
Capabilities. ...
Classes. ...
Exemptions. ...
Record I/O.

2)JAVA SCRIPT
JavaScript , frequently condensed as JS, is a programming language that is one of
the center innovations of the Internet, close by HTML and CSS. Starting around
2022, 98% of sites use JavaScript on the client side for website page conduct,
frequently integrating outsider libraries. All significant internet browsers have a
devoted JavaScript motor to execute the code on clients' gadgets.
In runner up is JavaScript — a lord of the frontend. A programming language is
utilized to make sites work. As per Stack Flood Engineers Overview, it is the most
well known and the third most needed programming language in 2021. In spite of
the fact that it's the most famous language, it was likewise the most requested
innovation by recruiting chiefs in 2020.
Like Python, it has areas of strength for an and many off-the-rack libraries and
systems that make it simple to work with the language. JavaScript has no contest in
the event that you want to make a frontend for your site, application, or
programming. It's perhaps of the best stage in the event of building dynamic
components on the site.
 EXAMPLE
<script type="text/javascript">
3)GO
The next language that is worth considering in case of learning a new
programming skill is Go. This technology was developed by Google in 2007 and it
was used for developing web apps and APIs. Even though Go hasn’t received a
growth rate on such a scale as the previously described languages, it can still be
classified as highly sought after in the skills.
It is an easy-to-learn, general-purpose programming language with a clean syntax,
making it easy to write simple, reliable, and efficient software.
Today it is one of the best-paid technologies and the second most demanded
backend programming language. That means that if you learn this programming
language, you won’t have any problems finding a well-paid job. According to
Stack Overflow, the median of their yearly salary is around $76k.
Various tests show that Go approaches multiple times quicker than Python.
Because of Go's help for simultaneousness, it executes estimations essentially
quicker compared with Python.
EXAMPLE

Our first program

import "fmt"

func main() {
fmt.Println("hello world")
}
4)JAVA
Only a couple of years prior, Java likely would have been at the first spot on
our list. It was the language of the year in 2005 and 2015. Notwithstanding,
the prevalence of this notable language is declining a large number of years.
Moreover, Java is as yet a steady language that numerous enormous
organizations support. It is utilized by organizations like NASA, Netflix,
Spotify, LinkedIn, Uber, Amazon, and some more.
This programming language is presently utilized in versatile applications,
web improvement, and, surprisingly, Large Information. It is the essential
programming language for Android gadgets, so its interest will in any case
be high. Today it is as yet the fifth most well-known innovation as indicated
by Stack Flood.
The distinction between the manner in which Java and other programming
dialects worked was progressive. Code in different dialects is initial made an
interpretation of by a compiler into directions for a particular kind of PC.
The Java compiler rather transforms code into something many refer to as
Bytecode.

5) C\C++
C++ was created by Bjarne Stroustrup at Chime Research centers over a
period beginning in 1979. Since C++ is an endeavor to add object-situated
highlights (in addition to different enhancements) to C, prior it was called as
"C with Articles". As the language created, Stroustrup named it as C++ in
1983. The name C++ proposes "C augmented" (review the ++ is an
augmentation administrator of C)
C++ was made accessible external Ringer Research centers in 1985. The
primary business C++ compiler, Cfront, was delivered in 1985. It was just a
front-end compiler for C. The American Public Standard Foundation (ANSI)
framed a council for (exact depiction of programming language) C++, in
1989. The main draft guidelines were distributed in 1995. In 1983, the name
of the language was changed from C with Classes to C++. The ++
administrator in the C language is an administrator for augmenting a
variable, which gives some understanding into how Stroustrup respected the
 language. Many new elements were added close to this time, the most
prominent of which are virtual capabilities, capability over-burdening,
references with the and image, the const watchword, and single-line remarks
utilizing two forward slices (which is a component taken from the language
BCPL).

6) HTML
HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is the primary markup language
utilized for making pages and applications on the Internet. HTML began
around 1990 as a language expected for the circulation of somewhat
straightforward organized records, reasonable for use by creators who were
researchers or scholastics as opposed to specialists in printing or different
parts of report designing. As the Internet turned out to be increasingly well
known, HTML was upgraded to fulfill interest for admittance to mixed
media, more noteworthy control of design and textual styles, and backing for
intelligent applications. Starting around 2018, a triplet of broadly taken on
correlative innovations are utilized for showing content and supporting
cooperation Online.
HTML for primary markup for fundamental substance, Flowing Templates
(CSS) for applying organizing to that happy, and JavaScript for supporting
collaboration and as the reason for content administration systems that
collect pages powerfully from pieces of content. This depiction centers
around qualities that are normal to all variants of HTML with an
accentuation on the record design as utilized for appropriating archives or
report like substance. It likewise covers the general history of the
arrangement's turn of events. Depictions for various subtypes give more
detail to the most broadly utilized adaptations of HTML.

7) SWIFT:
Quick is a broadly useful, multi-worldview, gathered programming language
created by Apple Inc. also, the open-source local area. First delivered in 2014,
Quick was created as a trade for Apple's previous programming language
Objective-C, as Objective-C had been generally unaltered since the mid 1980s and
needed present day language highlights. Quick works with Apple's Cocoa and
Cocoa Contact structures, and a vital part of Quick's plan was the capacity to
interoperate with the enormous group of existing Objective-C code produced for
Apple items over the earlier many years. It was worked with the open source
LLVM compiler structure and has been remembered for Xcode since rendition 6,
delivered in 2014. On Apple stages, it utilizes the Objective-C runtime library,
which permits C, Objective-C, C++ and Quick code to run inside one program.
Apple planned Quick to help many center ideas related with Objective-C,
prominently unique dispatch, far reaching late restricting, extensible programming
and comparative elements, yet in a "more secure" way, making it simpler to get
programming bugs; Quick has highlights tending to some normal programming
blunders like invalid pointer dereferencing and gives syntactic sugar to assist with
staying away from the pyramid of destruction. Quick backings the idea of
convention extensibility, an extensibility framework that can be applied to types,
structs and classes, which Apple advances as a genuine change in programming
standards they term "convention situated programming" (like characteristics).

8) PHP
HP is a broadly useful prearranging language designed for web development. It
was initially made by Danish-Canadian software engineer Rasmus Lerdorf in 1993
and delivered in 1995. The PHP reference execution is currently created by The
PHP Group. PHP initially represented Individual Home Page; however it presently
represents the recursive initialism PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor.
PHP code is normally handled on a web waiter by a PHP translator carried out as a
module, a daemon or as a Typical Passage Point of interaction (CGI) executable.
On a web server, the consequence of the deciphered and executed PHP code -
which might be any kind of information, like produced HTML or double picture
information - would shape the entire or part of a HTTP reaction. Different web
format frameworks, web content administration frameworks, and web structures
exist which can be utilized to arrange or work with the age of that reaction.
Furthermore, PHP can be utilized for the overwhelming majority programming
errands outside the web setting, for example, independent graphical applications
and automated drone control. PHP code can likewise be straightforwardly executed
from the order line.
9) RUBY:
Ruby is a deciphered, significant level, broadly useful programming language
which upholds various programming ideal models. It was planned with an
accentuation on programming efficiency and effortlessness. In Ruby, everything is
an article, including crude information types. It was created during the 1990s by
Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto in Japan. Matsumoto depicts the plan of Ruby as
resembling a basic Drawl language at its center, with an item framework like that
of Smalltalk, blocks enlivened by higher-request capabilities, and down to earth
utility like that of Perl. The name "Ruby" began during an internet based visit
meeting among Matsumoto and Keiju Ishitsuka on February 24, 1993, preceding
any code had been composed for the language. At first two names were proposed:
"Coral" and "Ruby". Matsumoto picked the last option in a later email to Ishitsuka.
Matsumoto later noticed a figure picking the name "Ruby" - it was the birthstone
of one of his partners. The principal public arrival of Ruby 0.95 was declared on
Japanese homegrown newsgroups on December 21, 1995. Thusly, three additional
forms of Ruby were delivered in two days. The delivery matched with the send off
of the Japanese-language ruby-list mailing list, which was the primary mailing list
for the new dialect.
Following the release of Ruby 0.95 in 1995, several stable versions of Ruby were
released in the following years:

 Ruby 1.0: December 25, 1996

 Ruby 1.4: August 1999

 Ruby 1.6: September 2000

10) KOTLIN:
Kotlin is a statically composed programming language that sudden spikes in
demand for the java virtual machine and furthermore can be gathered to javascript
source code or uses the LLVM compiler foundation. Its essential improvement is
from a group of Jetbrains developers situated in Holy person Petersburg, Russia.
While the language structure isn't viable with Java, Kotlin is intended to
interoperate with Java code and is dependent on Java code from the current Java
Class Library, like the assortments system. In July 2011 JetBrains divulged
Venture Kotlin, another dialect for the JVM, which had been a work in progress
for a year. Kotlin v1.0 was delivered on February 15, 2016. This is viewed as the
main authoritatively stable delivery and JetBrains has focused on long haul in
reverse similarity beginning with this variant. At Google I/O 2017, Google
Reported Top of the line Backing For Kotlin On Android.

FUNCTIONS OF KOTLIN:
Concise
Drastically reduce the amount of boilerplate code.

Safe

Avoid entire classes of errors such as null pointer exceptions.

Interoperable
Leverage existing libraries for the JVM, Android, and the browser.

Tool-friendly
Choose any Java IDE or build from the command line.

Collections
In Kotlin you have higher-order functions, lambda expressions, operator overloading, lazy
evaluation and lots of other useful methods for working with the collection.

Extension Functions
Kotlin allows us to extend the functionality of existing classes without inheriting from them.