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The document provides an overview of programming languages, defining them as conventional notations for formulating algorithms and producing computer programs. It categorizes programming languages into client-side languages, such as HTML and CSS, and server-side languages, including Python and Java. The conclusion emphasizes the evolving nature of programming languages and their role in creating various types of applications and web pages.

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3 views8 pages

PLAN

The document provides an overview of programming languages, defining them as conventional notations for formulating algorithms and producing computer programs. It categorizes programming languages into client-side languages, such as HTML and CSS, and server-side languages, including Python and Java. The conclusion emphasizes the evolving nature of programming languages and their role in creating various types of applications and web pages.

Uploaded by

kayodebatcho
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Abomey-Calavi

IFRI-L2

EXPOSE D’ANGLAIS

Programing language

2022-2023

Sous la supervision de :

Mr. ZANKLAN Pascal

Membres du groupe :

- BATCHO Kayodé
- MAMA Kalid
- GRIMAUD Déborah
- EKPO Merveille
- SOTTIN Harrys
- LALEYE Charlène
- HONNOUGAN Mik
- DJOSSOU Godwin
- ADEOTI Carrel
- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
- F
PLAN
INTRODUCTION
I-Definition
II-Differents types
1-Client-side language
a-Html
b-Css
2- Server-side language
a-Php
b-Python
INTRODUCTION

Programming languages are now around 50 years old since the "real" first computer programming
languages date back to the 1950s. With the development of the Internet and computer resources,
computer languages are ubiquitous whether we know it or not. , they have grown and continue to
evolve. To design an application to meet the needs of customers, we need what is called a
programming language. Each language has its history, its properties and everything .
I-DEFINITION

Programing language what is it ?

Programming language is a conventional notation intended to formulate algorithms and produce


computer programs that apply them.

Programming languages make it possible to describe on the one hand the structures of the data that
will be manipulated by the computer device , and on the other hand to indicate how the
manipulations are carried out, according to which algorithms . They serve as means of communicates
with the computer, but also with other programmers ; the programs are usually written , read,
understood and modified by a team of programmers.

I-Differents types of progamming language

We are two types of programming language : client-side language and server-side language .

a-Client-side language :

The client-side language correspond to those that run on the computer thatvisite.

The server sends the code as it is, and the user’s browser takes care of processing it and displaying
the result

We are many client-side language :

a-HTML

.About language
The HyperText Markup Language, generally abbreviated as HTML , is the markup language designed
to represent web pages. HTML is one of the three inventions at the base of the World Wide Web,
along with the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP ) and web addresses (URLs). HTML was invented to
make it possible to write hypertextual documents linking the various Internet resources with
hyperlinks . Today, these documents are called web page.

In August 1991, when Tim Berners-Lee publicly announces the web on Usenet, he quotes only the
Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), but gives the URL of a document with the suffix
‘’.html’’. The development of XHTML 2.0 was initially pursued in parallel, in response to the needs of
other sectors of the web. Then, in July 2009, the W3C decided not to renew the XHTML 2 Working
Group at the end of 2009. HTML5, a version which brings corrections to the insufficiencies of html 4
publishes in 1997will be compatible with XHTML and XML. However, it is likely that the W3C will
move towards an outright abandonment of XHTML 1.1, because the implementation of XML in
HTML5 makes the document definition of XHTML type y.y (where y.y are the version numbers)
unnecessary.

.-
.Example
The following is an example of the classic "Hello, World!" program:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>This is a title</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<p>Hello world!</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

b-CSS
. About la,guage

Cascading Style Sheets, generally known as CSS are a computer language that describes the
presentation of HTML and XML documents. Introduced in the mid-1990s, CSS became commonly
used in web design and well supported by web browsers in the 2000s. The style sheet concept has
been present since the origin of the World Wide Web: the first WWW web browser allows
documents to be formatted using what would today be considered a “user style sheet’’ .The
appearance of CSS responds to a desire to « propose an alternative to the evolution of HTML from a
language of structuring to a language of presentation ».

The final CSS1 specification was published on December 17, 1996, and defined around fifty
properties. CSS1 is defined as a “simple style sheet mechanism, allowing authors and readers to
attach styles to the HTML . To meet the needs that the first CSS1 specification did not yet cover, CSS
was assigned in 1997 to a new working group within the W3C, chaired by Chris Lilley. In 2007, this
group notably included representatives of Apple, Google, IBM, Microsoft, Adobe, the Mozilla
Foundation and Opera.Published as a recommendation in May 1998, the second level of CSS
considerably extends the theoretical possibilities of cascading style sheets, with in particular around
70 additional properties .CSS3 becomes “modular”, in order to facilitate its updates, but also its
implementation by user agents with increasingly varied capacities and needs (graphical browsers,
mobile browsers, voice browsers). Browsers can thus implement subsets of CSS3. The writing of the
fourth level of cascading style sheets begins in 2010, alongside CSS 3 modules.

Example

This is an excerpt from a CSS code. Properties are grouped by blocks of rules, delimited by braces {}.
Each block is preceded by a selector designating the structural elements to which the properties
concerned must be applied
/*I'm a comment that comments the code and does nothing*/
body
{
/*Background color : */
background-color: green;
}
p
{
/*Text color: */
color: red;
/*Text size in px (pixel): */
font-size: 20px;
}

CSS initially aimed for independence between

2-Server-side language :

server-side language is a programming language implemented on an http server to produce a


dynamic web page. The use of a server language necessary to use a database, is essential for the
majority of complex scripts .

We are many server-side language :

a-Python

. About language
In the late 1980s, programmer Guido van Rossum helped develop the ABC programming language at
the Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica (CWI) in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. He then worked in
the Amoeba operating system team, whose system calls were difficult to interface with the Bourne
shell used as the user interface. He then believes that a scripting language inspired by ABC could be
interesting as a command interpreter for Amoeba.

In 1989, taking advantage of a week off during the Christmas holidays, he used his personal computer
to write the first version of the language. A fan of the television series Monty Python's Flying Circus,
he decided to baptize this project Python. He was mainly inspired by ABC, for example for
indentation as a syntax or high-level types, but also by Modula-3 for exception management, the C
language and UNIX tools.

During the following year, the language began to be adopted by the Amoeba project team, Guido
continuing its development mainly in his spare time. In February 1991, the first public version,
numbered 0.9.0, was posted on the Usenet forum alt.sources. The latest version released at CWI is
Python 1.2.
Example :

Factorial function in C

Factorial function in Python

int factorial(int n) {

if (n < 2) {

return 1; }

else { return n * factorial(n - 1); }

def factorial(n):

b-Java:
*About language:

Java is a technology composed of an object-oriented programming language and a runtime


environment. Previously named Oak, it was created by James Gosling and Patrick Naughton at Sun
Microsystems with the support of Bill Joy.

The Java language was officially presented on May 23, 1995 at SunWorld.

Java is both a programming language and a runtime platform.

What does Java do?:

Java makes it possible to develop stand-alone applications but also, and above all, client-server
applications, on the client side, applets are at the origin of the notoriety of the language. It is
especially on the server side that Java has established itself in the business world thanks to servlets,
the server counterpart of applets, and more recently JSP (Java Server Pages) which can replace PHP
and ASP.

Example :

public class HelloWorld {

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println("Hello world!");

}
CONCLUSION

In short, a language is a conventional notation intended to formulate algorithms and produce


computer programs that apply them. There are two types: client language and server language.
These languages are used to create applications, static, dynamic and other web pages... The world is
changing and new languages could improve these in the coming years.

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