Java Network

Programming
Chapter-1

Avicenna University
Mohammad Jan “Haidari”
 Lecture contents
 What is programming ?
Language & Programming Language
 Types of programming language
Language Translator
Program & Types of program
Most commonly used Programming Language
 What is programming?
• Programming refers to a technological process for
telling a computer which tasks to perform in order to
solve problems.
• You can think of programming as a collaboration between
humans and computers, in which humans create
instructions for a computer to follow (code) in a language
computers can understand.
 What is programming?
• Programming enables so many things in our lives. Here
are some examples:
o When you browse a website to find information, contact a
service provider, or make a purchase, programming allows
you to interact with the site’s on-page elements, such as
sign-up or purchase buttons, contact forms, and drop-
down menus.
o The programming behind a mobile app can make it
possible for you to order food, book a rideshare service,
track your fitness, access media, and more with ease.
 Language & Programming
Language
• What is Language?
o Language is a mode of communication that is used to share ideas, opinions with
each other. For example, if we want to teach someone, we need a language that is
understandable by both communicators.
• What is a Programming Language?
o As we know, to communicate with a person, we need a specific language, similarly
to communicate with computers, programmers also need a language is called
Programming language.
o A programming language is a computer language that is used by programmers
(developers) to communicate with computers. It is a set of instructions written
in any specific language ( C, C++, Java, Python) to perform a specific task.
Types of programming language
Types of programming language
1. Low-level programming language:
• Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s)
programming language. The processor runs low- level programs
directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter, so the
programs written in low-level language can be run very fast.
• Low-level language is further divided into two parts :
o Machine Language
o Assembly Language
Types of programming language
• Machine language is a type of low-level programming language.
It is also called as machine code or object code. Machine
language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in
binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form.
• It does not require a translator to convert the programs because
computers directly understand the machine language programs.
• The advantage of machine language is that it helps the
programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level
programming language.
Types of programming language
• Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level
programming language that is designed for specific
processors. It represents the set of instructions in a
symbolic and human-understandable form.
• It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language
to machine language.
• The advantage of assembly language is that it requires
less memory and less execution time to execute a
program.
Types of programming language
2. High-level programming language:
• High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for
developing user-friendly software programs and
websites.
• This programming language requires a compiler or
interpreter to translate the program into machine
language (execute the program).
• The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is
easy to read, write, and maintain.
Types of programming language
• A high-level language is further divided into tow parts:
o Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from
structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept. It
divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions.
o Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software
programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a
programming editor like IDE, Adobe Dreamweaver, or Microsoft Visual
Studio. Such as: C, FORTRAN, Basic, Pascal, etc.
o The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track
the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program.
Types of programming language
o Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is
based upon the objects. In this programming language,
programs are divided into small parts called objects. It is
used to implement real-world entities like inheritance,
polymorphism, abstraction, etc in the program to makes
the program resusable, efficient, and easy-to-use.
o The main advantage of object-oriented programming is
that OOP is faster and easier to execute, maintain, modify,
as well as debug. Such as: C++, Java, Python, C#, etc.
 Language Translator
• Translators are system programs, which translate programs written
in any high or assembly language into machine language (1’s and 0’s).

• There are three types of language processors or translators

o Assembler
o Compiler
o Interpreter
 Language Translator
• Assembler
o The software that translates and assembly code into the computer’s
machine code is called assembler
o A program written by a programmer in assembly language is called
source program
o After this source code has been converted into object code
 Language Translator
• Complier: A compiler is a computer software that
translates a whole program, called the source code at
once into machine code (object code)
• Interpreter: An interpreter in another type of translator
used for translating a language program into machine
code .It takes one statement of program and translates it
into a machine instruction which is immediately executed
by computer.
 PROGRAM
• Program is a set of instructions, or a set of sequential
instructions which are given to computer to solve a
specific problem. Programs are written in computer
languages like BASIC, PASCAL,C etc
 Different types of programs
• Generally there are THREE types of Programs that’s are
created in a programming Languages
o Source Programs
o Object Programs
o Executable Programs
 Different types of programs
• Source Program:-The program which is written by the
user/programmer in a computer language is called source program.
OR a program that is created by user in a high level (Java/C++)
language with the extension of java/CPP.
• Object program:-The program which is converted into machine
understandable code by the compiler is called object program.
• Executable Program: A program that is created by language
processor to show or provide the output of a source program. OR a
program that is directly run or executes to provide results of the
input.
Most commonly used Programming
Language
• As we all know, the programming language makes our life
simpler. Currently, all sectors (like education, hospitals,
banks, automobiles, and more ) completely depend upon
the programming language.
• There are dozens of programming languages used by the
industries. Some most widely used programming
languages are given below:
Most commonly used Programming
Language
• Java is a simple, secure, platform-independent, reliable,
architecture-neutral high-level programming language
developed by Sun Microsystems in 1995. Now, Java is
owned by Oracle.
• It is mainly used to develop bank,
• retail, information technology,
• android, big data, research community,
• web, and desktop applications.
Most commonly used Programming
Language
• Python is one of the most widely used user-friendly
programming languages. It is an open-source and easy to
learn programming language developed in the 1990s.
• It is mostly used in Machine learning,
• Artificial intelligence, Big Data,
• GUI based desktop applications, and Robotics.
Most commonly used Programming
Language
• C is a popular, simple, and flexible general-purpose
computer programming language. Dennis M Ritchie
develops it in 1972 at AT&T.
• It is a combination of both low-level programming
language as well as a high-level programming
language.
• It is used to design applications like :
• Text Editors, Compilers,
• Network devices, and many more.
Most commonly used Programming
Language
• C++ is one of the thousands of programming languages
that we use to develop software. C++ programming
language is developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1980. It
is similar to the C programming language but also
includes some additional features such as:
exception handling,
object-oriented programming,
type checking, etc.
Most commonly used Programming
Language
• The most commonly used Programming Language are :
C#, JavaScript, php, Ruby and etc.
Thank you!