The Impact of Social Media on Political Discourse:

A Sociocultural Analysis

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the

requirements in the subject
Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics

by

Bedasua, Adrian L.
Melchor, Joshua C.
Morales, Bobby R.
Peralta, Mark Anthony A.
Rosaros, Mackie Kyle V.
Valenzuela, Jeph Carl N.

January 2024
Background of the Study
In the past decade, the rapid proliferation of social media platforms has transformed the
landscape of political discourse globally. As billions of users engage in discussions, share information,
and express their opinions, the impact of social media on political communication has become a
subject of intense scholarly scrutiny. This case study aims to delve into the multifaceted dimensions of
this phenomenon, employing a sociocultural lens to understand the intricate interplay between
technology, society, and politics.
1. Evolution of Social Media Platforms: Social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter,
and Instagram have evolved from mere communication tools to powerful platforms shaping political
narratives. From the Arab Spring to the Black Lives Matter movement, social media has played a
pivotal role in mobilizing and amplifying social and political movements globally (Castells, 2015).
2. Democratisation of Information: The democratization of information through social media
has significantly altered the traditional top-down flow of political communication. Citizens now have
unprecedented access to real-time updates and diverse perspectives, challenging traditional media
gatekeeping (Chadwick, 2017).
3. Filter Bubbles and Echo Chambers: However, the seemingly boundless nature of
information on social media has given rise to concerns about filter bubbles and echo chambers, where
users are exposed primarily to content that aligns with their pre-existing beliefs, potentially
reinforcing polarized political views (Pariser, 2011).
4. Virality and Disinformation: The viral nature of content on social media platforms has
amplified the spread of disinformation and fake news. Manipulation of public opinion through the
strategic dissemination of misleading information has become a pressing issue, with profound
consequences for political discourse (Wardle & Derakhshan, 2017).
5. Online Activism and Digital Citizenship: Social media has also empowered individuals to
participate actively in political discussions and engage in online activism. Hashtags and social media
campaigns have become tools for expressing dissent, mobilizing support, and fostering digital
citizenship (Bimber, Flanagin, & Stohl, 2012).
6. Polarization and Fragmentation: Despite the potential for increased civic engagement,
social media has been implicated in contributing to political polarization and fragmentation. The ease
with which users can curate their digital environments may reinforce existing ideological divides,
hindering constructive dialogue (Sunstein, 2017).
In conclusion, the dynamic relationship between social media and political discourse demands a
nuanced sociocultural analysis. This case study aims to explore the implications of these
transformations on democracy, civic engagement, and the nature of political communication in the
contemporary digital age. Through an examination of the evolving role of social media, this study
seeks to contribute valuable insights to the ongoing discourse on the intersection of technology and
politics.
Objectives:
The decision to undertake this case study stems from the growing significance of social media
in shaping political discourse and its profound impact on contemporary society. Recognizing the
transformative nature of these platforms, it becomes imperative to dissect the complexities involved in
the intersection of social media, technology, and political communication.
1. Societal Relevance: Social media has become an integral part of daily life for billions,
influencing public opinion, activism, and political engagement. Studying its impact is essential for
understanding contemporary societal dynamics.
2. Emerging Challenges: The prevalence of disinformation, filter bubbles, and polarization
presents new challenges to democratic discourse. Investigating these challenges is crucial for devising
strategies to mitigate their negative consequences.
3. Global Perspective: Social media's influence transcends borders, playing a role in shaping
political events worldwide. A global perspective is essential to comprehend the diverse ways in which
social media affects political discourse across different cultures and political landscapes.
4. Technological Evolution: The rapid evolution of social media platforms necessitates
continuous examination. As these technologies evolve, so too does their impact on political
communication, demanding ongoing analysis to stay abreast of the latest developments.
5. Academic Inquiry: The sociocultural approach chosen for this study allows for a
comprehensive exploration of the multifaceted nature of social media's impact on political discourse.
By employing a theoretical framework, this study aims to contribute to the academic understanding of
this complex relationship.
In essence, the decision to study the impact of social media on political discourse arises from its
centrality in contemporary society, the challenges it poses, its global influence, the dynamic nature of
technology, and the academic pursuit of a deeper understanding of these intricate interactions. This
case study seeks to unravel the complexities inherent in this evolving phenomenon and provide
valuable insights for scholars, policymakers, and the broader public.

Methodology
In order to investigate the sociocultural impact of social media on political discourse, a mixed-
methods approach was employed, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative data collection
methods.
1. Literature Review: A comprehensive review of existing literature on the relationship
between social media and political discourse was conducted to establish the theoretical framework for
the study.
2. Quantitative Data Collection: A structured questionnaire was designed to capture the
perspectives and experiences of a diverse sample of individuals regarding the impact of social media
on political discourse (See Figure 1). The questionnaire consisted of 12 questions, covering
demographic information, social media usage patterns, information consumption, and attitudes toward
disinformation.
 Figure 1. Questionnaire
3. Data Analysis: Statistical methods were employed to analyze the quantitative data gathered
through the questionnaire. The analysis focused on identifying trends, patterns, and correlations
within the collected responses.
By specifying that the data collection method was exclusively through the questionnaire, you
provide clarity to readers about your research design. This revised methodology section emphasizes
the quantitative nature of your study and how the questionnaire was employed as the primary tool for
gathering data.

Results and Discussion

Social Media Usage: The questionnaire results reveal a significant prevalence of social media
use among the participants, with platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok being widely
adopted. This aligns with the broader trend of increased social media engagement globally (Social
Media Today, 2023). The substantial amount of time spent on these platforms, particularly more than
5 hours per day for 57% of respondents, underscores the pervasive nature of social media in
participants' daily lives. (Figure 2)

Figure 2. Questions 1-3 Results

 Information Consumption: Participants reported diverse levels of exposure to political
information on social media, with a notable 62% expressing uncertainty about the influence of social
media on their political views (Figure 3). This ambivalence is in line with previous studies suggesting
that the relationship between social media and political attitudes is complex and multifaceted
(Sunstein, 2017).

Figure 3. Questions 4-6 Results

Filter Bubbles and Echo Chambers: Concerns about filter bubbles and echo chambers are
reflected in the responses, with 57% expressing worries about exposure to diverse political
perspectives (Figure 4). This echoes concerns raised by Pariser (2011), who argued that algorithmic
curation on social media may contribute to the reinforcement of pre-existing beliefs.

Figure 4. Questions 7-8 Results

Disinformation and Fact-Checking: The results indicate a heightened awareness of the

potential spread of misinformation, as 43% of participants expressed being 'very concerned.'
Interestingly, the majority claimed to fact-check information before sharing it on social media (57%),
pointing towards an active effort among users to combat misinformation. (Figure 5)

Figure 5. Questions 9-10 Results

Impact on Political Engagement: Participants' perceptions of the impact of social media on

political engagement are diverse, with 53% believing it has increased political engagement. This
finding resonates with studies that highlight the role of social media in mobilizing individuals for
political causes (Bimber, Flanagin, & Stohl, 2012). However, the significant percentage of
respondents (33%) expressing uncertainty suggests a need for further exploration into the nuanced
nature of this impact. (Figure 6)

Figure 6. Questions 11-12 Results

By weaving these questionnaire results into the discussion, the research can provide a more
granular understanding of participants' experiences and perspectives, enriching the overall analysis of
the sociocultural impact of social media on political discourse.

Conclusion:
The findings derived from the questionnaire offer valuable insights into the intricate
relationship between social media and political discourse. As we conclude this sociocultural analysis,
it becomes evident that the impact of social media on political engagement is a multifaceted
phenomenon, influenced by various factors and perceptions among users.
Social Media Usage: The high prevalence of social media usage among participants
underscores the platform's omnipresence in contemporary society. The diverse array of platforms
used, ranging from Facebook to TikTok, reflects the evolving nature of online communication
channels. The substantial time invested in these platforms, particularly with more than 5 hours per day
for a significant portion of respondents, highlights the substantial role social media plays in shaping
individuals' daily routines.
Information Consumption: The ambivalence expressed by participants regarding the
influence of social media on their political views aligns with the complexity of this relationship. As
users navigate through a vast sea of information on these platforms, the varied levels of exposure to
political content contribute to a nuanced landscape where the impact is not universally uniform.
Filter Bubbles and Echo Chambers: Concerns about filter bubbles and echo chambers
resonate with the broader discourse on the potential consequences of algorithmic curation. The unease
among participants about limited exposure to diverse political perspectives on social media highlights
the need for platforms to address these challenges in content dissemination.
Disinformation and Fact-Checking: The heightened awareness and concern about the spread
of misinformation on social media, coupled with the proactive stance of participants in fact-checking
information, emphasize the evolving role of users as gatekeepers of information integrity.
Impact on Political Engagement: The divergent perspectives on the impact of social media on
political engagement underscore the complexity of this relationship. While a majority perceive an
increase in political engagement, a significant proportion remains uncertain. This uncertainty calls for
a deeper exploration of the nuanced ways in which social media influences civic participation and
activism.
In conclusion, the sociocultural analysis, enriched by the insights gleaned from the
questionnaire, illuminates the intricate dynamics of social media's impact on political discourse. As
we navigate the evolving landscape of digital communication, it is essential to recognize the diverse
experiences and perceptions among users, paving the way for continued research and nuanced
discussions surrounding the role of social media in shaping our political landscape.

References:
1. Castells, M. (2015). Networks of Outrage and Hope: Social Movements in the Internet Age.
John Wiley & Sons.
2. Chadwick, A. (2017). The Hybrid Media System: Politics and Power. Oxford University
Press.
3. Pariser, E. (2011). The Filter Bubble: How the New Personalized Web Is Changing What We
Read and How We Think. Penguin.
4. Wardle, C., & Derakhshan, H. (2017). Information Disorder: Toward an interdisciplinary
framework for research and policy making. Council of Europe report.
5. Bimber, B., Flanagin, A. J., & Stohl, C. (2012). Collective Action in Organizations:
Interaction and Engagement in an Era of Technological Change. Cambridge University Press.
6. Sunstein, C. R. (2017). #Republic: Divided Democracy in the Age of Social Media. Princeton
University Press.
7. Social Media Today. (2023). Social media statistics: Key data you need to know. Retrieved
from