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A
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CAST ANALYSIS
em
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ss
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P
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Dr. Muhammad Azeem
ic
s,
FM
BDS, FCPS

U
Assistant Professor/HOD Orthodontics
/P
M
FMU/PMC
C
 REQUIREMENTS
D
rM
A
ze
Study Models
em


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 Vernier callipers
ss
t.
Divider
P


ro
f
Ruler
O


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ho
 Brass wire
do
nt
ic
s,
FM
U
/P
M
C
 STUDY MODEL/CAST
D
rM
A
ze
2 Parts:
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

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ss
t.
Pro
f
Anatomic
O


rt
ho
do
Artistic
nt


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s,
FM
U
/P
M
C
 CAST ANALYSIS
D
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A
CAST OCCLUSION  CAST APART

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

em
,A
ss
 Relations- Incisors, 3s, Molars  Arch Form- Square, Taper, Ovoid

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P
Symmetry- +/-

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 Over Jet--- +/- 

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 Overbite- Open/Deep bite  Teeth Present/Missing

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ho
Cross Bite- Buccal/Lingual  Versions- Supra, Infra, Bucco,

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
Linguo, Torsi, Trans, Ectopia
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 Midlines- On/Off

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s,
 Inclinations- Proclined/Retroclined

FM
Palatal Width & Depth

U


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Space Analysis, COS--- +/-
M


C
 Bolton Analysis- Excess/Defic
 CAST OCCLUSION
D
Relations- Incisors, Canine, Molars
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A
ze
em
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ss
t.
Pro
f
O
rt
ho
do
nt
ic
s,
FM
U
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M
C
OVERJET OVERBITE CROSSBITE

C
M
/P
U
FM
s,
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nt
do
ho
rt
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Pro
t.
ss
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em
ze
A
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D
 C
M
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U
FM
s,
MIDLINES

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nt
do
ho
rt
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Pro
t.
ss
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em
ze
A
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 C
M
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U
FM
CAST APART

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ARCH FORM

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nt
do
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rt
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Pro
t.
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em
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D
 C
M
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U
FM
s,
SYMMETRY

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nt
do
ho
rt
f O
Pro
t.
ss
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em
ze
A
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D
 Symmetry
Teeth Present/Missing
D
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Versions- Infra, Bucco, Torsi, Etc

A
ze
Inclinations

em
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ss
t.
P
ro
f O
rt
ho
do
nt
ic
s,
FM
U
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C
 C
MOLAR ROTATION

M
/P
U
FM
s,
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nt
do
ho
rt
f O
Pro
t.
ss
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em
ze
A
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D
PALATAL WIDTH & DEPTH

C
M
/P
U
FM
s,
ic
nt
do
ho
rt
f O
Pro
t.
ss
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em
ze
A
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D
PALATAL WIDTH & DEPTH

C
M
/P
U
FM
s,
ic
nt
do
ho
rt
f O
Pro
t.
ss
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em
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A
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D
 SPACE ANALYSIS
D
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(Arch Perimeter Analysis)
A
ze
em
Space Analysis = Space Available - Space Required

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ss
t.
•Space Available = Arch Perimeter/Length (Mesial of 6-6)

P
ro
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•Space Required = Sum of MD width of 5-5

rt
ho
do
+ive = Spacing, -ive = Crowding

nt
ic
s,
FM
U
/P
M
C
 C
M
/P
U
FM
s,
ic
nt
do
ho
rt
f O
Pro
t.
ss
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em
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A
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D
 SPACE ANALYSIS
D
rM
(Arch Perimeter Analysis)
A
ze
em
Crowding was defined as follows:

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ss
t.
(Sum of the mesiodistal width of the second premolar to the

P
ro
opposite second premolar) − (Sum of the sectional arch length).

f O
rt
ho
do
nt
ic
s,
FM
U
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C
 C
M
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CURVE OF SPEE

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FM
s,
ic
nt
do
ho
rt
f O
Pro
t.
ss
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em
ze
A
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D
 C
M
/P
CURVE OF SPEE

U
FM
s,
ic
nt
do
ho
rt
f O
Pro
t.
ss
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em
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A
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D
 SPACE ANALYSIS METHODS

D
rM
(TO FIND SPACE REQUIRED)

A
ze
 Tooth size-Arch Length  Tooth size-Arch Width

em
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ss
t.
 Arch perimeter analysis  Pont analysis

P
ro
 Nance Carey analysis  Linder-Harth analysis

fO
rt
 Irregularity index  Korkhaus analysis

ho
do
 Total space analysis  Asley-howe analysis

nt
ic
 Tweed method

s,
FM
 Royal London analysis

U
/P
M
C
 C
M
/P
U
Bolton`s Analysis

FM
s,
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do
ho
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f O
Pro
t.
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ze
A
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D
 C
M
/P
U
FM
s,
ic
nt
do
ho
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f O
Pro
t.
ss
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em
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A
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D
 C
M
/P
U
FM
s,
ic
nt
do
ho
rt
f O
Pro
t.
ss
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em
ze
A
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D
 C
M
/P
U
FM
s,
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nt
do
ho
rt
f O
Pro
t.
ss
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em
ze
A
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D
 C
M
/P
U
FM
s,
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do
ho
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f O
Pro
t.
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em
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A
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D
 SIGNIFICANCE
D
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A
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 If Maxillary Excess If Mandibular Excess
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

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ss
t.
P
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 OJ ↑  OJ ↓

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 OB ↑  OB ↓

rt
ho
 Upper Crowding  Lower Crowding

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 Lower Spacing Upper Spacing

nt


ic
 Retroclined UI

s,
 Retroclined LI

FM
 Proclined LI  Proclined UI

U
/P
M
C
 MANAGEMENT
D
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A
ze
 Deficiency  Excess

em
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ss
t.
•IPR

Pro
 Build up is needed •Lower incisor extraction

f
O
•Decision of extraction e.g. 4`s vs 5

rt
ho
do
nt
ic
s,
FM
U
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M
C
 D
rM
MIXED DENTITION
A
ze
em
ANALYSIS
,A
ss
t.
P
ro
fO
rt
ho
do
nt
Dr. Muhammad Azeem
ic
s,
FM
BDS, FCPS

U
Assistant Professor/HOD Orthodontics
/P
M
FMU/PMC
C
 REQUIREMENTS
D
rM
A
ze
Study Models
em


,A
 Vernier callipers
ss
t.
Divider
P


ro
f
Ruler
O


rt
ho
 Brass wire
do
nt
ic
s,
FM
U
/P
M
C
 PROCEDURE
D
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A
ze
em
Mixed Dentition Analysis = Space Available - Space Required

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ss
t.
•Space Available = Arch Perimeter/Length (Mesial of 6-6)

P
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•Space Required = Sum of MD width of incisors + 345 (cde)

rt
ho
do
+ive = Spacing, -ive = Crowding,

nt
ic
s,
FM
U
/P
M
C
MIXED DENTITION ANALYSIS METHODS

D
rM
(TO FIND SPACE REQUIRED)

A
ze
Non-Radiographic---Dental cast
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

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 Moyer`s Prediction- Most easy/simple

ss
t.
 Tanaka & Johnston- Most practical method

P
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Combined---Dental cast + X-rays
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

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rt
Hixon Oldfather Method Revised by Staley- Most accurate
ho


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 Proportional Equation (Huckaba)

nt
ic
s,
 Conventional Method (Haise-Johns)

FM
 Nance & Carey

U
/P
Radiographic ---OPG/Periapicals & Cast
M


C
 Lowa Method (By Staley)
 Moyer`s Prediction Method

D
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(Non-Radiographic)

A
ze
em
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(At 75% Level)

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t.
P ro
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Measure MD width of lower 4

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incisors 19.5 20 20.5 21 21.5 22 22.5 23

ho
do
Get Predicted width of 345 from Moyers’ Proportionality Table

nt
ic
s,
Maxilla 20.6 20.9 21.2 21.3 21.8 22 22.3 22.6

FM
Mandible 20.1 20.4 20.7 21 21.3 21.6 21.9 22.2

U
/P
M
ADD Rt 345 + Lt 345 + 4 INCISORS WIDTH =SPACE REQUIRED

C
 C
M
/P
U
FM
s,
ic
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do
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rt
f O
Pro
t.
ss
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A
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D
 D
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Tanaka & Johnston Method
(Non-Radiographic)
A
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ss
t.
P
ro
½ of the mesio-distal + 10.5 = Estimated width of

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width of lower 4 incisors mandibular 3,4,5 in one quadrant

rt
ho
do
nt
ic
½ of the mesio-distal + 11.0 = Estimated width of

s,
FM
width of lower 4 incisors maxillary 3,4,5 in one quadrant

U
/P
M
ADD Rt 345+ Lt 345 + 4 INCISORS WIDTH =SPACE REQUIRED

C
Revised Hixon Oldfather Method
D
rM
(Combined)
A
ze
 Measure sum of width of same side 2 incisors (from

em
cast)+of First & Second premolars (from periapical film)

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ss
t.
P
 Read off width of 345 from prediction graph using

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summed-up value
f O
rt
ho
do
 Add in it standard error of estimate (0.44mm)

nt
ic
s,
FM
 Do same steps for other side

U
/P
M
C
Proportionality Equation Method
D
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(Huckaba) (Combined)
A
ze
 IF MOST OF THE CANINES AND PM ARE ERUPTED

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t.
X = Y x X’

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y’

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rt
X= Unerupted MD width

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do
nt
ic
Y= Width of erupted primary molar on cast

s,
FM
X’= Radiographic width of unerupted tooth

U
/P
Y’= Radiographic width of primary molar

M
C
Haise-Johns (Conventional) Method
D
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(Combined)
A
ze
Procedure
em
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= I + 2X + Curve of Spee (COS) + Ceph. Correction (CC)

ss
t.
Pro
I- MD width of lower 4 incisors on cast

f
X- MD width of 345 R+L on x-ray

O
rt
COS- Rt+Lt + 0.5 = __ mm on cast

ho
2

do
CC- Space required to correct inclination of lower incisors

nt
(Proposed FMIA – Actual FMIA) x 0.8 = mm

ic
s,
FM
U
/P
M
C
Haise-Johns (Conventional) Method
D
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(Combined)
A
.

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X Y

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How to Find X X= -------
Y

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ss
t.
I = Sum of | = mm on cast

P
21|12

ro
f O
rt
X = Radiographic Sum of | . = mm

ho
543|

do
nt
ic
Y = Sum of on the cast | . = mm

s,
edc|

FM
U
/P
Y = Radiographic Sum of | . = mm

M
edc|

C
 Nance Method
D
rM
(Combined)
A
ze
em
 Measure width of 4 lower incisors on cast

,A
ss
 Measure width of unerupted 345 on x-ray

t.
P
 Add both to get space required

ro
fO
rt
ho
 Subtract 3.4 mm (lower arch) & 1.8mm (upper arch) from

do
calculated space available to accommodate decrease in

nt
arch length due to late mesial shift
ic
s,
FM
U
/P
M
C
 Lowa Method
D
rM
(Radiographic)
A
ze
 Maxillary arch Mandibular arch

em
 Width of canine & 2nd  Width of Ist & 2nd

,A
ss
premolar (Xray) premolar (Xray)

t.
P
 Read off width of 345  Read off width of 345

ro
from prediction graph from prediction graph

f O
using summed-up using summed-up

rt
value value

ho
do
 Add in it standard  Add in it standard

nt
error of estimate error of estimate

ic
s,
(0.48mm) (0.47mm)

FM
 Do same steps for  Do same steps for

U
/P
other side other side

M
C