‘b]znfO{ ;fd|fHojfbsf] r+u'ndf hfgaf6

hf]ufpg sDo'lg:6n] ;f]Rg'kg]{ a]nf cfof]’

sf7df8f} F . g] k fn sDo' l g:6 jfdkGyL kIfw/ / ;Rrf
kf6L{sf dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Ln] b]znfO{ nf]stGqjfbLn] ;f]Rg'kg]{ a]nf cfPsf]

jif{ !&, c+s !$, @)*) ;fn df3 @! ut] cfOtaf/ (Feb. 4, 2024) d"No ?= !).– ;fd|fHojfbsf] r+u'ndf hfgaf6 atfPsf 5g\ . clvn g] k fn
hf]ufpg qmflGtsf/L, sDo'lg:6, -af“ s L clGtd k] h df_

‘Pd;L;L s'g} klg xfntdf sfof{Gjog ug{ lb“b}gf}“’

sf7df8f} F . g] k fn sDo' l gi6
kf6L{sf k|jQmf k|sf08 ;Ln] s'g} klg
kf/]sf 5g\ . #%* /f]kgL hUuf
;fd|fHojfbn] cfˆgf] sG6«fn
] df lnPsf]
cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb lgs} ;+s6df
k/] s f] / cfk" m cufl8 j9g
hgg]tf gkfPsf] l6Kk0fL u/] .
k|jQmf k|sf08 ;Ln] hgtfsf]
o;}u/L ;f]xL sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg
ub}{ g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf :yfoL
b]vfP/ ljsf;sf] gfddf g]kfnnfO{ ;}Go
cv8f agfpg / ljgf; ug{ cd]l/sL
xfntdf Pd;L;L sfof{Gjog ug{ 5, kfNkf, x]8f}F6fnufotsf 7fpFdf OG8f]Kofl;lkms /0fgLltdfkm{t\ cfPsf] jf:tljs k|ltlglwTj ug]{ ljrf/, kf6L{ ;ldlt ;b:o lzn' ;Ln] olb /fi6«3ftL ;fd|fHojfb cfPsf] 7f]sj' f ub}{ elgg\–
/ g]tT[ j;lxt g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n] Pd;L;L kl/of]hgf sfof{Gjo eP …Pd;L;L sfof{Gjog eof] eg] /ft]df6]df
qmflGt hf/L /fv]sf] bfaL ub}{ To;sf] g'jfsf]6sf] /ft]df6]df g]kfnL ;]gf geP/ g]kfnL ;]gf xf]Og, cd]l/sfsf] ;]gf
nflu Ps k6s hgtfnfO{ ;fy lbg cd]l/sL ;]gf a:g] bfaL ul/g\ . pgn] cfpg]5, cd]l/sfsf] sd{rf/L cfpg]5,
clkn;d]t u/] . Pd;L;L eg]sf] ;8s / ljB't\ kl/of]hgf -af“ s L clGtd k] h df_

1fg]Gb| zfxLnfO{ g]skflj?4 lbPsf] cleJolQm t'?Gt

lkmtf{ lnP/ cfdhgtfdfem dfkmL dfUg r]tfjgL
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n] /fk|kf g]kfnsf k|jQmf tyf lgh 1fg]Gb| zfxL g} x'g] s'/f ;d]t xfd|f] kf6L{ :ki6 ub{5 .Ú
h'D\ nf lhNnfsf ;f+;b 1fg]Gb| zfxLsf] gfËf] bnfn, c/fhs, o;}u/L, k|jQmf k|sf08 ;Låf/f hf/L la1lKtdf g]skf /
åGålkkfz' / k|ltufdL cleJolQm ePsf] 7x/ ub},{ o;nfO{ t'?Gt} g]t[Tjsf lj?4sf] ljif jdg ;RrfOPg eg] To;af6 lg:sg]
lkmtf{ lnP/ cfdhgtfdfem dfkmL dfUg s8f r]tfjgL lbPsf] 5 . uDeL/ kl/0ffdsf] lhDd]jf/ lgh 1fg]Gb| zfxLg} x'g] s'/f ;d]t
g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf k|jQmf k|sf08 ;Ln] !$ ut], cfOtaf/ :ki6 kfl/Psf] 5 .
Ps la1lKt hf/L ub}{ ;f] r]tfjgL lbPsf x'g\ . o; ljifodf g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf k|jQmf k|sf08 ;Låf/f
g]skfsf k|jQmf k|sf08 ;Låf/f hf/L la1lKtdf elgPsf] hf/L la1lKt o; k|sf/ /x]sf] 5– …!= lxhf] df3 !# ut] /fk|kf
5– …1fg]Gb| zfxLsf] cleAolQm # a'Fb] ;xdlt eË ug]{, g]kfnsf] cfˆgf] sfof{no rfalxn sf7df8f}Fdf cfof]lht
c/fhstf dRrfpg], b]znfO{ åGålt/ ws]Ng] / jt{dfg l;Gw'kfNrf]s ;Dks{ ;ldltsf] sfo{qmddf /fk|kf g]kfnsf k|jQmf
;Í6u|:t cj:yfaf6 b]znfO{ g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;dfhjfbL tyf h'D\ nf lhNnfsf ;f+;b 1fg]Gb| zfxLn] xfd|f] hglk|o tyf
Aoj:yfdf nu]/ qmflGtsf/L ;dfwfg lbgaf6 /f]Sg] 1fg]Gb| dxfg\ kf6L{ g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf dxf;lrj sd/]8 ljKnj ;Lsf
af/]df lbPsf] cleJolQmn] xfd|f] kf6L{nfO{ lgs}
cfqmf]lzt agfPsf] 5 . pQm cleJolQmsf]
cGto{df /x]sf] xfd|f] kf6L{ g]tT[ jsf lj?4
uDeL/ if8\oGqsf] g]kfn sDol'g\ :6 kf6L{ 3f]/
glbg] 7f] s ' j f u/] s f 5g\ . ;f] hUuf x8k]sf] 5, /ft]df6]sf !)@ atfpF b } p;sf] O08f] K ofl;lkms lgGbf / s8f eT;{gf ub{5 .
kf6L{lgs6 o'jf ;Ë7g g]kfn s]lGb|o 3/ lj:yflkt ePsf 5g\, cem} & /0fgLlt eg]sf] sdhf]/ /fi6«dfly @= g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ !) jif{]{ dxfg\
;ldlt / clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ s]lGb|o ;o /f]kgL hUuf sJhf ug]{ of]hgfdf ljsf;sf] cfj/0fdf ;}Go cv8f /fVg] g]kfnL hgo'4sf] g]t[Tj u/L g]kfndf
;ldltåf/f ;+o'Qm?kdf d+unaf/ 5, of] uDeL/ / eofgs 8/ nfUbf] / o'4 lgDTofpg] /0fgLlt ePsf] /fhtGqsf] cGTo u/]/ u0ftGq :yfkgf ug]{
g'jfsf]6sf] /ft]df6]df cfof]hgf cj:yf xf] .Ú pNn]v ub}{ ;fd|fHojfb rLgnfO{ 3]g{ g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ sf]
ul/Psf] …/fi6«3ftL Pd;L;L ;Demf}tf k|jQmf k|sf08 ;Ln] cd]l/sL / g]kfndf ljsf;sf] gfddf o'4 jt{dfg qmflGtsf/L k|ltlgwL kf6L{ xf] . of]
vf/]hLsf nflu j[xt o'jf ljBfyL{ ;fd|fHojfbn] b]vfj6L ?kdf ljB't lgDTofpg Pd;L;Laf6 k|jz ] u/]sf] g]kfnsf] sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngsf OdfGbf/
k|bz{gÚ sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ / ;8ssf] e|d lbFb} g]kfnnfO{ ;dfKt 7f]s'jf u/] . g] t f / sfo{ s tf{ s f] k| l tlglwTj ug] {
pgn] ;f] 7f]s'jf u/]sf x'g\ . kfg]{ / rLg sJhf ug]{ l8hfOgdf k| j Qmf k| s f08 ;Ln] bnfn qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ xf] . !) jif{{] dxfg\
pQm sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ Pd;L;L NofPsf] eGb} o;sf] k|lt/f]w k'h
F LjfbL Joj:yfsf lj?4 ;dfhjfbL hgo'4sf] an / !( lbg] P]ltxfl;s
k|jQmf k|sf08 ;Ln] Pd;L;L gfdsf] ;a} /fi6«jfbL :jfledfgL zlQmx?n] Joj:yfsf] ljsNk ;f/]/ hgtfsf] hgcfGbf]ngsf] ;xof]u (Support) df
sfo{qmd ;fd|fHojfbLsf] ljrf/, ug{' kg]{ atfP . pgn] ;fd|fHojfbn] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ g] k fnL hgtfn] u7g u/] s f] klxnf]
/fhgLlts, wfld{s of]hgf, cln–cln g]kfndfly lu2] gh/ 8/nfUbf] ?kdf cufl8 a9]sf] rrf{ ub}{ bnfn / ;+ljwfg;ef lj36g u/L ;fd|fHojfb / b]zL
ljsf; eP klg d'Vot ;}Go p2]Zo nufO/x]sf] atfpFb} p;sf] lu2] gu/ ;fd|fHojfbL if8\oGqsf] k/f:t kf/]/} k|ltlqmofjfbLx?n] g]kfnL hgtfdfly
ePsf] / p;n] ljsf;sf] gfd b]vfP/ g]kfnL hgtfsf] Pstf / ann] k/f:t 5f] 8 \ g ] 7f] s ' j f u/] . pgn] zfxLsf] gfËf] bnfn, c/fhs, åGålkkfz' / k|ltufdL k|ltqmflGt nfb\g] b':;fx; u/]kl5 To;sf lj?4 dxfg\ / ;fxl;s
g]kfn sJhf ug{ vf]h]sf] 7f]s'jf ub}{ x'g] bfaL u/] . ;fd|fHojfbn] /fhgLlts, cfly{s, cleJolQm ePsf] 7x/ ub}{, o;nfO{ t'?Gt} lkmtf{ lnP/ ljb|f]x u/L ag]sf] g]kfnL >lds hgtfsf] qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6
eg]– …;fd|fHojfbsf g]kfnL bnfnx?n] k|jQmf k|sf08 ;Ln] cd]l/sL ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts ?kdf x:tIf]k cfdhgtfdfem dfkmL dfUg 1fg]Gb| zfxLnfO{ xfd|f] kf6L{ s8f kf6L{ xf] .
/ft]df6]sf hgtfsf] hUuf x8k]sf ;fd|fHojfbnfO{ r'gf}tL lbg] u/L /l;of u/]sf] atfpFb} b]z lgs} ;+s6k"0f{ r]tfjgL lbg rfxG5 . olb kf6L{ / g]t[Tjsf lj?4sf] ljifjdg @)&! ;fn kf}ifaf6 k|ltqmflGtsf lj?4 PsLs[t hgqmflGt
5g\, hgtfnfO{ b'Mv lbP/ cft+lst / rLg zlQmzfnL b]z eP/ pbfPkl5 cj:yfaf6 u'h|]sf] / hgtf / /fi6«n] ;RrfOPg eg] To;af6 lg:sg] uDeL/ kl/0ffdsf] lhDd]jf/ -af“ s L clGtd k] h df_

b]z lgdf{0f ug]{ k|dv' bfloTj ljBfyL{sf] sf“wdf ‘oxL cj:yf ;x]/ a:g] xf] eg] g]kfnn]
o'qm]geGbf a9L ;f:tL v]Kg'k5{’
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf g]tf ;'zLn ;Ln] casf] ljBfyL{ sfo{;ldltnfO{ ;+u7gsf s]Gb|Lo sfof{no bfaL ub}{ s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] ultcg';f/ sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] clxn]sf] cj:yf eGbf ;of} u'0ff ;f:tL
:yfoL ;ldlt ;b:o ;'zLn ;Ln] b]z cfGbf]ng xfFSg] / b]z lgdf{0f ug]{ k|dv' ;b:o;d]t /x]sf afudtL sdf08 g} lhNnf ;ldltnfO{ klg cl3 a9\g kf]ln6Ao"/f] ;b:o aGw' ;Ln] oxL cj:yf lbg] ;d]t pgn]] 7f]sj' f ul/g\ . g]tf
lgdf{0f ug]{ k|dv ' bfloTj ljBfyL{sf] bfloTj gjlg{jf{lrt ljBfyL{x?sf] sfFwdf OGrfh{ dbg ;Ln] kb tyf uf]klgotfsf] lgb]z{ g lbP . pQm sfo{qmddf cltly ;x]/ a:g] xf] eg] g]kfnn] o'qm]geGbf aGw' ;Ln] bnfnx?n] Oltxf;d} gu/]sf]
sfFwdf ePsf] atfPsf 5g\ . clvn - cfPsf] atfpFb} Tof] lhDd]jf/L cu|df]rf{df ;ky u|x0f u/fPsf lyP . clvn -qmlGtsf/L_ sf s]lGb|o ;b:o a9L ;f:tL v]Kg'kg]{ atfPsL l5g\ . xflgsf/s Pd;L;L ;Demf}tf u/]/
qmflGtsf/L_ g'jfsf]6sf] !* cf}+ lhNnf /x]/ k"/f ug{ gofF sfo{;ldltnfO{ afudtL sdf08 OGrfh{ dbg ;Ln] tyf klZrd tfD;flnª Jo"/f] OGrfh{ g]skf pQ/ afFså] f/f cfof]lht …jt{dfg g]kfnfO{ cd]l/sfsf] clwgsf] b]z agfpg
;Dd]ngaf6 lgjf{lrt ;ldltnfO{ awfO{ z'esfdgf;xt lgb]z { g lbP . cfˆgf] ;+u7gn] cGo ;+u7gsf] t'ngfdf d]3G] b| ;Ln] Kofgn k|:tfj /fVg'sf ;fy}
lbFb} pgn] ;f] s'/f atfPsf x'g\ . pQm gjlgjf{ l rt lhNnf ljBfyL{sf d'2f alnof] ?kdf p7fPsf] awfO{ dGtJo ;d]t lbPsf lyP .
;Dd]ngsf cltly g]skfsf s]Gb|Lo
;b:o tyf g'jfsf]6 lhNnf OGrfh{ lgb]z {
;L, g]skfsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf /;'jf
lhNnf OGrfh{ ;fu/ ;L, kf6L{sf] klZrd
tfD;flnª Jo"/f]sf cfly{s ljefu k|dv '
l;h{g ;L, g'jfsf]6 lhNnf ;]qm]6/L ;+ud
;L, o'jf ;Ë7g g]kfnsf s]lGb|o ;lrjfno
;b:o tyf klZrd tfd;flnª Ao'/f] OGrfh{
lhag ;L, clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ sf s]lGb|o
;b:o /f]hL ;L, CTEVT pkTosf lhNnf /fhgLlts ;+s6sf] lgsf;Ú g]kfnL vf]hs ] f] t/ g]skfn] Tof] ;kgf sbfkL
;lrj ?k ;L, kf]v/f ljZjljBfnosf] ljz] i ftfsf] ;dfhjfb ljifos k"/f x'g glbg] k|lta4tf ul/g\ .
pkTosf ;lrj clht ;L, clvn - cGt/lqmof sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ pgn] Pd;L;L g]kfnsf] nflu
qmflGtsf/L_ sf wflbª lhNnf cWoIf pb]z ;f] s'/f atfPsL x'g\ . ljutsf ;lGw ;Demf}tfeGbf ;of} u'0ff
;Lnufotsf cltlyn] z'esfdgf dGtJo pgn]] bnfn k'h F Ljfbsf] ljsNk ;f:tL / vt/gfs ;Demf}tf ePsf] eGb}
/fv]sf lyP . g]kfnL ljz]iftfsf] ;dfhjfbdf b]znfO{ o;sf] cTofrf/ ;xg] xf] eg] g]kfnn]
lalxaf/ ;DkGg pQm ;Dd]ngn] ;r]t 9+un] glng] xf] eg] g]kfn b]z g} o'qm]geGbf a9L ;f:tL v]Kg' kg]{ atfpFb}
ljj]s ;Lsf] cWoIftfdf $! ;b:oLo g/xg] atfOg\ . oxL Joj:yfdf /dfpg] elgg\– …Pd;L;L vf/]hLsf] ljsNk 5}g,
lhNnf ;ldlt lgjf{lrt u/]sf] 5 . xf] eg] bnfn k'h F Ljfbn] hgtfnfO{ -af“ s L clGtd k] h df_
 2 @)*) ;fn df3 @! ut] cfOtaf/

j}1flgs ;dfhjfb / ;fDojfbsf] pTklQ

ltdL ltd|f] tl/sfn] n8, xfdL xfd|f] tl/sfn] n8\5f}
– s= dfcf]T;] t'ª
✍ ;DkfbsLo !_ yf]/} >d jf ljgf>dsf] wgL b'Mv dfly ;f]Rg] / To;nfO{ x6fpgsf] ;fDojfb k'h F Ljfbsf] c;n cf}ifwL xf] . b[li6n] /fd|f] xf]Og . k'FhLjfbsf]
;+;bLo Joj:yf g} e|i6frf/sf] sf/s aGg] dflg;sf] :jefljs OR5f
@_ d]l;gsf] cljisf/åf/f yf]/}
nflu cfˆgf] ;a} rLh lbg ;S5 .
To; avt k'h F Ljfb lyPg / p;sf]
;fDojfb cyf{t j}1flgsaf6 nfe lnb}
p;sf] k|ultsf] af6f] v'nf /fVb}
b'ikl/0ffd a]/f]huf/L dfq} xf]Og .
k'hF Ljfbaf6 dfgj hflt dfly eo+s/
b]zdf lbgk|ltlbg e|i6frf/ df}nfpFb} uPsf] 5 . ;fdfGo >dn] w]/} dfnj:t' tof/ ;:tf] sl7gfO{nfO{ d2t ub{Yof] / To; ;do k'h
F Ljfbåf/f v8f ul/Psf] kL8fnfO{ cfklt ljklt Nofpg] sf/0f x'g] u5{
hgtfnufot s'g} klg JolQm / ;+:yfn] /fHoaf6 lng'kg]{ ;]jf cfly{s d"Nodf a]r/] a9L d'gfkmfsf] ;'ljwf . x6fpg h'g tl/sfn] ljh'nLsf] NofDk / of] xf] dxfo'4 . ljZjsf] zflGtnfO{
#_ d] l ;gåf/f ag] s f] j:t' n ] dfly km's/] lgefpg ;lsb}g To;} ul/ e+u ug{' . x/]s Ps k'h F LjfbL b]z of]
n]gb]glagf sfo{ kmQ] u5{' eGg] g;f]r] klg x'g] l:ylt k}bf ePsf] 5 . ahf/df k|lt:kwf{ ug{ g;Sg'sf] sf/0f lj1fg (science) åf/f pTkGg rfxG5 ls To;sf] sf/vfgf rln/xf];
cfly{s n]gb]g s} sf/0f lasf; / lgdf{0f sfo{ r':t–b'?:t x'g sf/Lu/sf] k|ltof]lutf ;dfKt x'g' . ul/Psf] ;d:ofnfO{ cGwf] tk:ofn] t/ sf/vfgf tj ;Dd rln/xf]; hj
;s]sf 5}gg\ . k|x/L, k|zf;g / Gofofnonufot ;Dk"0f{ If]qdf e|i6frf/ $_ w]/} hfgsf/Lsf] cfjZostf x6fpg ;lsF b } g . j} 1 flgs ;Dd ls tof/ ePsf] j:t' ljqmL
df}nfPsf] 5, h;n] nufgL ug{ ;S5 p;}sf] sfd aGg] / hLt x'g] gx'ga' f6 cgfl8 dfG5]åf/f /fd|f] j:t' ;fDojfbLx?n] of] a'em]sf] 5 ls eO/xf]; . xfdLn] eg]sf 5f} ls !(
agfpg ;Sg' . lj1fgsf] cfljisf/ :jod\ g/fd|f] xf]Og cf} ;bLsf] eGbf klxn] krf;f} jif{
l:ylt 5 . h;sf] k'li6 e|i6frf/lj?4 jsfnt ug]{ 6«fG;k/]G;L j}1flgs ;dfhjfb ;fDojfb tj hj o; cfljisf/nfO{ k|of]u j}olQms ;Dd ljZjdf w]/} h;f] ahf/ vfnL
OG6/g]zgnn] xfn} ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] e|i6frf/ cjwf/0ff ;"rsf+s ;fd'Gg] k|s6 eof], ha p;sf] pTklQ gfkmfsf] nflu z' ¿ ul/of] tj ePsf] 5 . t/, kl5 Ps ;xLdf
-;LkLcfO{_ u/]sf] 5 . 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgnn] d+unaf/ sf7df8f}Fdf ug]{ sf/0fsf] cfjZostf eof] . ha j]/f]huf/Lsf] 7"nf] ;d:of pTkGg eof] . ablnPsf] 5 . cj t j:t' vktsf]
;LkLcfO{ k|ltj]bg ;fj{hlgs ub}{ !*) d'ns ' dWo] g]kfn #% c+ssf j:t'df dflg;sf] >d hlt a9L nfU5 dfG5]nfO{ 306fsf] sfd a/fa/ nflu s'g} ahf/ c1ft 5}g . j:t't
p;sf] d"No clws x'G5 . w]/} vg]/ afF8b\ f ;d:of xn x'g] ;DaGwdf b'Oj{ 6} ljZjsf] ;a} Joj;fo /lxt b]zsf]
;fy !)* cf}+ :yfgdf /x]sf] hgfPsf] 5 . ;"rsf+sdf 8]gdfs{ () w]/} >daf6 slxn]sfxLF lx/f e]6fpF5 ljrf/ Ps csf{sf] k'/} pN6f] 5 . b'j} g} k'h
F LjfbL b]zdf kmfF6jv/f u/L lnPsf]
c+ssf ;fy ;j}eGbf sd e|i6frf/ x'g] d'ns ' / !! c+s k|fKt ul/
;f]dflnof ;a}eGbf a9L e|i6frf/ x'g] d'ns ' sf ?kdf ;"lrs[t ePsf
t;y{ To;sf] d"No a9L x'G5 . olb
Pp6f dfG5]sf] >dn] ^ 306fdf lx/f
lqnf]s ;L lj1fgsf] cfljisf/sf] sfddf Nofpg
kIfdf 5g\ t/ hxfF k'h F Ljfb s]xL
5 s'g} ;do O+uNof08 ljZjsf]
clwsf+z jhf/sf] dflns lyof] . km]l/
5g\ . ;'rsf+sdf !)) c+sn] clt :jR5 / ) c+sn] clt e|i6 e]6fpg] xf] eg] To;sf] d"No w]/} x'g] cfly{s ;dfgtfsf] ljrf/s klg dfG5]sf] gfkmfsf] nflu ;a} dfG5] hd{gLn] sf/vfgfnfO{ a9fP/ cfˆgf]
hgfpFb5 eg] #% c+seGbf sd :sf]/ Nofpg] d'n'sx? uDeL/ lyPg . xftn] ag]sf] j:t'sf] d"No lyof] . h:tf] ls b'O{ xhf/ jif{ klxn] ;dfhsf] hLjgnfO{ g/s agfpgnfO{ nflu klg jhf/nfO{ a9fpg rfxGgYof]
w]/} x'G5 lsgls To;df >d j9L a'4n] cfˆgf] leIf'nfO{ hLjgsf] sfddf t}of/ x'G5 . ToxfF ;fDojfbsf] ljrf/ kl5 leif0f o"/f]kLo dxfo'4sf] ;do
e|i6frf/sf] ;d:ofdf k/]sf] dflgG5 . nfU5 . dfG5] s f] >dsf] sd cfpg] j:t'nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ 5 ls s]xL dflg;sf] :jfy{sf] nflu s]xL 7fpF ;'g;fg kfP/ cd]l/sf /
g]kfndf e|i6frf/ /f]Sg / e|i6frf/LnfO{ sf/afxL ug{ l;kmfl/; kl/df0fdf nfUg'n] g} d]l;gaf6 ag]sf] a/fa/ afF8g\ nufpFYof] . gjf}F ;bLsf] xf]Og ls ;a} dflg; ;dfhsf] nflu hfkfg klg ahf/nfO{ cfˆgf] xftdf
ug]{ clVtof/L kfPsf] clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u cfkm}F j:t' ;:tf] x'G5 . d]l;gsf] oxL k|dv ' dWodf ltAatsf] ;d|f6 o'lg rg kf]n] ;'v ;fdu|LnfO{ j[l4 ug{' . hj;Dd /fVg] sf]lz; u/of] . To;sf] sf/vfgf
ljjflbt 5 . clVtof/sf cfo'Qmx¿ g} e|i6frf/df d'l5Psf 5g\ sfd 5 ls j:t'nfO{ pTkfbg ug{df klg cfˆgf] /fHodf tLg kN6 wg j:t'nfO{ gfkmfsf] nflu t}of/ ul/G5, w]/} ;+Vofdf j:t' lgdf{0f ug{ yfNof] .
dfG5]sf] >dsf] yf]/e } Gbf yf]/} k|of]u ;DklQnfO{ gful/snfO{ j/fj/ u/L tj ;Dd j]/f]huf/LnfO{ x6fpgnfO{ n8fO{ aGb ePkl5 klg cfhsf]
eg] jt{dfg ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf /fhgLlts bn / To;sf g]tfsf] ul/of];\ o;sf] kl/0ffdn] d]l;gsf] afF8\of] . of] ljrf/s JolQm @) cf} 306fnfO{ afF8/] ;a} dfG5]nfO{ sfd lbg' cj:yf s:tf] ^ olb cd]l/sfn]
WofpGgg} s;/L cfk"m / cfˆgf] bn ;Qf / ;/sf/df l6ls/xg] eGg] k|of]uaf6 Toltg} j:t' pTkfbg ug{sf] ;tfAbLdf klg lyof] . dfGb}g . j:t'tM h;/L ;fO{sn tj ;Dd ;fdfgnfO{ Oª\Nof08 cfˆgf] ;fd|fHo
5 / To;sf nflu pgLx? cs't ;DklQ hf]8\g tlNng ePsf 5g . nflu Tolt g} dfG5] s f] >dsf] h;n] ;dfgtfsf] k|rf/ u/L v8f /xg ;S5 hj;Dd ;fOsn leq cfpg lbFbg} / cfpg glbg'sf]
k};f eP ;a} k|fKt x'5 eGg] ;f]r ePsf ;+;b\jfbL bn / g]tfx? cfjZostf kb}g{ hlt To;} j:t'nfO{ /Xof] . h'g j}1flgs ;dfhjfb u'l8/xG5 . k'h F Ljfb tj ;Dd rln/xG5 dtnj 5 . cfˆgf] j:t'nfO{ vkt sd
xftn] agfpg' k5{ . xftn] a'Gg] ;fDojfb k'FhLjfbsf] /f]usf] k/d hj ;Dd ls k'h F Lkltsf] j}olQms gfkmf ug{' tj cd]l/sfn] df}sf x]5{ ls
k};fsf] nflu cfˆgf] dftf / dft[e"ld;d]t a]Rg tof/ b]lvG5g . ha s3f{af6 cf7 306fdf Pp6f dfG5] cf}ifwL dfGby] Tof] xf] ;fDojfb . eO/xG5 . gfkmf k'h F Lkltsf] hLjgd/0fsf] s;/L < xfdL Oª\Nof08sf] k|dv ' nfO{
/fhgLlts bn / g]tf g} ca}w ;DklQ hf]8\g tlNng x'G5g\ ta () ld6/ sk8f tof/ u5{ eg] sd lj1fgsf] cljisf/nfO{ JolQmut lghL ;jfn 5 . cfh;Dd ljZjdf ;a} 7fpFdf x6fpg' oxL s'/f hfkfgsf] ljifodf
e|i6frf/ df}nfpg' :jfefljs xf] . o;/L e|i6frf/n] ;Ldf gf£g'df hfGg] dfG5] sk8fsf] ldndf cf7 gfkmfsf nflu z'¿ ul/G5 ta dfq dfG5] sl7gfO{ g} sl7gfO{df b]vf k5{ . 5 . c;n df luGtLdf b'O{ /f]6L 5 .
s'g} JolQm laz]ifsf] bf]if geP/ ;+;bLo Joj:yfs} bf]if xf] . t;y{, 306fdf !)) ld6/ sk8f tof/ u5{ . j]/f]huf/Lsf] ;d:of cfPsf] xf] . To;}n] sf/vfgfsf] dflns / Jofkfl/sn] g} t/ To;nfO{ vfgsf] nflu bh{gf} d'v
b]z / hgtfnfO{ e|i6frf/sf] bnbnaf6 kf/ nufpg jt{dfg ;+;bLo o;af6 of] yfxf x'G5 ls ^ hgfsf] lj1fgsf] cfljisf/ s]xL ;Lldt jhf/sf] dGbLsf] eT;gf{ ub}g{ a¿ ufpFsf] 5 . ljZjsf] /fi6« o; s'/f;Fu cjut
sfd Pp6} dfG5]åf/f ug{' / ^ hgf dfG5]sf] d'gfkmfsf] nflu geO{ ;f/f ls;fg / b]zdf sfd ug]{ JolQm dhb'/ 5 / oxL sf/0fn] h'g lgz:qLs/0fsf]
Joj:yfsf] lasNk vf]Hg' clgafo{ ePsf] 5 . a] / f] h uf/ x' g ' . d] l ;g dfG5] s f] ;dfhsf] dnfO{sf] nflu pkof]u ug{' klg o;sf] /fd|f;] uF cg'ej ub{5 . olt r]i6f eO/x]sf] 5 hj ;Dd cfˆgf]
t;y{, b]z / hgtfnfO{ jt{dfg /fhgLlts ;+s6af6 d'Qm kfg{ sfdnfO{ vf]l;lbG5 / v]tL ug{ klg k5{ . olb lj1fgn] ^ hgf dfG5]sf] zx/sf] sf/vfgf JolQm dhb'/sf] dfn j:t'sf] vktsf] nflu jhf/sf]
g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n] eg]h:tf] hgdt ;+ux| ug{s ' f] lasNk 5}g . hldg x'Fb}g / p;n] x]5{ ls s]xL sfd Pshgf dfG5]n] u5{ eg] kfFr eo+s/ cj:yfsf] jf/]df s]xL eGg' 5}g . vf];fvf]; /xG5 tj ;Dd ljZjsf]
To;sf/0f jt{dfg ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] la36g u/L hgdt ;+ux| dfkm{t\ dfG5] lbgk|ltlbg wgL eO/x]sf] / hgfsf] sfdaf6 al~rt u/L ef]sf] o'/f]k / cd]l/sfsf] cf}Bf]lus b]zx?df 6fpsf] dfly o'4sf] tnjf/nfO{ x6fpg
of] a'em\ g ;do nfu]g ls wg >ldssf] x'g lbFbg} a? sfdsf] ;do 306fdf j] / f] h uf/Lsf] ;+ V of s/f} 8 f] ; Dd ;lsb}g ahf/ / sRrf dfnsf] nflu
hgtfnfO{ Joj:yfsf] km};nf ug]{ clwsf/ lbg'k5{ . h;sf nflu >daf6 g} Ps 7fpFdf hDdf x'G5 . To; ^ hgf dfG5] hlt sk8f !@ k'lu;s]sf] 5 . h;sf] nflu hLjg gofF b]z dfly clwsf/ hdfpg'sf] nf]e
;/sf/n] tTsfn hgdt ;+ux| sf] 3f]if0ff u/L To;nfO{ sfof{Gjog hxfF v] t Lsf] dhb' / otfptf 306fdf agfpg ;S5 olb d]l;gåf/f Ho"g w]/} cfjZos j:t' e]6fpg' df @! jif{ kl5 km]l/ hd{gLn] dxfo'4
ug{ k|ultzLn ;+oQ' m ;/sf/ u7g ug{' k5{ . h'g jt{dfg /fhgLlts e8\lsg'df r'krfk klg nfUg ;S5 Pp6f dfG5] g} Tolt sk8fnfO{ !@ d'l:sn eO/x]sf] 5 . cfpg] lbg oxfF u¥of] p;n] ;f]leot ;+3 dfly cfqmd0f
;+s6 ;dfwfgsf lglDt ;a}eGbf nf]stflGqs / ;a{dfGo lalw t/ km}S6«Lsf] dhb'/ ;+ul7t e} 306fdf agfpg ;S5 tj !@ 306fsf] w]/} h;f] :qL k'?if Ho"gaf6 cK7of/f] = u/of] . k'h
F Ljfb /x] ;Dd ljZjo'4sf]
cfGbf]ng ug{'sf] klg tfst /fV5 . sfdnfO{ xfdL ^ hgf dfG5]nfO{ b'O{ eOsg cfTdxTof x'g' k5{ . dfG5]sf] rk]6fdf dfgj hflt kl//xG5 .
x'G5 . cGoyf hgtf hfUg] 5g\ . hgtf hfu] cfk"mnfO{ nf]stGqjfbL dflg;df o:tf] dfG5] klg x'G5 ls b'O{ 306f df afF8g ;lsG5 / of] olt 7"nf] ;+Vofsf] olt si6df /fvL To;}sf] sf/0fn] ljZj ;fDojfbL
eGb} hgtfdfly cfˆgf] lg/+s'ztf nfb\g] e|i6 ;+;bLo Joj:yf, cfk"m cf/fddf /x]/ klg csf]{ dfG5]sf] j]/f]huf/Lsf] ;d:of xn ug{ ;lsG5 . s]xL yf]/} dfG5]sf] ;'vL /xg' s'g} klg l;4fGtsf] hGd eof] .
;+;b\jfbL bn / g]tfx? v/fgL x'g] lglZrt 5, r]tgf eof .

1fg]Gb| zfxLsf] cleJolQm k|fof]lht

sf7df8f} F . g] k fn sDo' l g:6 cGt/lqmofdf pgn] b] z df
clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ s}nfnL ax'dv' L SofDk;sf] cWoIfdf of]uz] d8}
sf7df8f}F . clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ ;b:o dx]z ;L, s}nfnL ax'd'vL lzIffnfO{ clgjfo{ >d / pTkfbg;Fu cl3 a9\g] k|lta4tf;lxt ;Dd]ng
kf6L{sf kf]ln6Ao'/f] ;b:o tyf o'jf ljBdfg ;+s6sf] lgsf;sf nflu s} n fnL ax' d ' v L SofDk; OsfO{ SofDk;sf k| d ' v tf] o /fh e§, hf]8\g'kg]{ atfpFb} >ddf xLgtfaf]w ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf lbP .
g]tf /lQmdn] /fk|kf k|jQmf 1fg]Gb| /fHosf] Jofks ?kfGt/0f ug{'kg]{ / ;ldltsf] gjf}F ;Dd]ngn] of]uz
] d8}sf] SofDk;sf :jljo' ;efklt od/fh xf] O g uf} / j ug] { lzIff k| 0 ffnL clvn qmlGtsf/Lsf s] G b| L o
zfxLsf] cleJolQm zflGtla/f]lw, To;sf] g]tT[ j g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n] cWoIftfdf $! ;b:oLo OsfO{ hf]zLnufotn] ;Daf]wg u/]sf lyP . cfjZos /x]sf] atfP . /fi6«nfO{ ;b:o tyf lhNnf OGrfh{ dx]z ;Ln]
u}/lhDd]jf/ / k|fof]lht /x]sf] l6Kk0fL ug]{ bfaL ;d]t u/] . ;ldlt rog u/]sf] 5 . ;Dd]ngn] ;Dd]ngnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ k|d'v cfjZos kbf{ ;+3if{ ug]{ hgzlQm ;Dd]ngaf6 h'emf¿ l6d lgdf{0f x'g]
of]uz] d8} cWoIf, ¿kf l;+x pkfWoIf, cltly aa/hË ;Ln] z}lIfs ljs[lQ pTkfbg ug{'kg]{ pNn]v ub}{ jt{dfg ljZjf; JoQm ub}{ pQm ;ldltn]
l;h{gf af]x/f ;lrj, hgs ;fsL{ / lj;+ultlj?4 ;8s af3sf ¿kdf lzIffk| 0 ffnLn] o' j fo' j tLnfO{ s}nfnL SofDk; / ljBfyL{sf] ;jf{ËL0f
;x;lrj, kljqf /fgf sf]iffWoIf,
P]Zjo{ e'n, k|ltef zfxL, ljgf]bf wfdL,
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qmflGtsf/L_ sf] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf
klZrd sdf08 OGrfh{ aa/hË ;L
k|dv' cltly /x]sf lyP eg] ljlzi6
cltyLx¿df g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf
u/] s f 5g\ . a' w af/ /f} t x6sf] clxn] s f] u0ftGqsf] r/Lq s]Gb|Lo k|ltlglw ;ldlt ;b:o ljgf]b
af} l bdfO{ d f cfof] l ht g] k fndf cfoftLt / bnfn ePsf]n] o;n] ;L, klZrd blIf0f s}nfnL ;]qm]6/L
nflbPsf] Pd;L;L, /fHo;Qfsf] ;+s6 b]znfO{ lgsf; glbg] a? kZrufdL lj¿ ;L, aemfª ;]qm]6/L ltns ;L,
/ lgsf;sf] af6f] ljifos / lab]zLx?sf] :jfy{ dfq} k"/f ug]{ clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o
cGt/lqmofdf af]Nb} g]tf /lQmdn] ePsf]n] ;dfhjfbL Joj:yfsf] lbzfdf dx]z ;L, g]skf wgu9L OGrfh{ :yflkt clvn qmflGtsf/L ljBfyL{sf] cGt/f{li6«o >dahf/df a]lr/x]sf] ljsf;sf cfk" m ;d] t nflukg] {
o:tf] l6Kk0fL u/]sf x'g . ;a} sDo'lg:6, b]zeQm / nf]stflGqs lzj/fh ;L, lhNnf ;b:o c8fg ;L, xslxtsf nflu ;b}j ;+3if{df /x]sf] cf/f]k nufP . lzIffnfO{ ;dofg'sn " k|ltj4tf JoQm u/] .
/fk|kf g]tf tyf ;f+;b zfxLn] zlQmx? cufl8 a9\g'kg]{ atfP . wgu9L ;]qm]6/L ef]h/fh ;L, clvn atfP . s} n fnL SofDk;nfO{ vf]h / cg';Gwfgdf nufpg'kg]{ / g]skf klZrd blIf0f ;]qm]6/L lj¿
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf dxf;lrj cGt/lqmofdf hgtf ;dfhjfbL -qmflGtsf/L_ s~rgk'/ cWoIf clgn ;'b"/klZrd ljZjljBfnosf] cflËs cfTdlge{/ /fi6« agfpg o'jfx¿ ;Ln] ljBfyL{x¿n] /fli6«o÷cGt/f{li6«o
ljKnjnfO{ kqmfp ug{k' g]{ egL lbPsf] kf6L{sf g]tf df]xª b]j k§]n /fjt, ;Lnufot /x]sf lyP . SofDk; agfpg cfˆgf] ;+u7gn] ;xefuL x'gk' g]{ pgsf] wf/0ff lyof] . /fhgLltaf/] hfgsf/L /fVg' k g] {
;fj{hlgs cleJolQmn] d'n'sdf dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf g]tf /fd ljnf; gf}j6f d}gaQL afn]/ pb\3f6g cu|0fL e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] atfpFb} s}nfnL ax'dv' L SofDk;sf k|dv' atfP . ljBfyL{ n fO{ /fhgLltdf
cl:y/tf / åGå lgDTofpg rfxg] /fjtn] ;d]t ljrf/ JoQm u/]sf ul/Psf] ;Dd] n gnfO{ clvn - pRr lzIffnfO{ ;j{ ; ' n e / tf] o /fh e§n] o' j f ljBfyL{ x ¿ nfUg'xbF' g} eGg]x¿n] g} ljBfyL{dfly
zlQms]Gb|x?sf] OR5f k"lt{ ug]{ p2]Zo lyP . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf g]tf qmflGtsf/L_ s]Gb|Lo sfof{no ;b:o Jojxfl/s agfpg'kg]{ / ljBfno kl/jt{gsf ;+jfxs ePsf] atfpFb} unt /fhgLlt ul//x]sf] cf/f]k
/x]sf] eGb} g]tf /lQmdn] pgn] cfˆgf] lzj zÍ/ kf08] s f] cWoIftfdf aa/hË ;L, g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf lzIff lgMz' N s / l;kd' n s h'emf¿ l6d lgdf{0f;lxt ;Dd]ng nufP . lgjf{lrt ;ldltnfO{ awfO{
cleJolQm lkmtf{ lnP/ cfTdcfnf]rgf ePsf] sfo{qmdnfO{ g]skf lhNnf s]Gb|Lo k|ltlglw ;b:o ljgf]b ;L, agfpg'kg]{ pgn] atfP . ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoQm u/] . lbF b } cfk" m x¿n] ljBfyL{ x ¿sf]
ug{k' g]{ cGoyf hgtfn] To;nfO{ ;x]/ sld6L ;b:o lzj k§]nn] ;~rfng blIf0f klZrd s}nfnL ;]qm]6/L lj¿ g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo :jljo' ;efklt od/fh hf]zLn] cleefjsTj u|x0f ug]{ k|ltj4tf
ga:g] eGb} e;{gf u/]sf 5g\ . u/]sf lyP . ;L, clvn qmflGtsf/Lsf s]Gb|Lo k|ltlglw ;ldlt ;b:o ljgf]b ;Ln] clvn qmflGtsf/L;Fu ;xsfo{ u/]/ JoQm u/] .
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clxn]sf] Joj:yf / g]t[Tjsf] ljsNk lbg'k5{

b]zsf] ljBdfg kl/l:ylt, ;+efjgf s'/f dfS;{jfb klg xf]Og . xfdLn] clxn]sf] Odfgbf/ qmflGtsf/Lx? zlQmzfnL lyP hglj/f]wL eof] . eGg vf]hs ] f] s'/f s] xf] ug{ ;Sg] l:ylt 5}g . sf+u;] | s} dflgx?;Fu of] k|j[lQsf af/]df sDo'lg:6x?n]
/ r'gf}ltaf/] oxfF ljleGg 9+un] ax; / /fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs, /fli6«otf eGg] xf] . Tof] j]nf l7s 9+un] ;f]rs
] f] eP eg] clxn]sf] ;d:ofsf] d'Vo ;|ft] g} of] 5nkmn ubf{ ;d]t ;d:of uDeL/ 5g\ ;f]Rg}k5{ . ;d:of ;dfwfg / b]zsf
;Djfb e}/x]sf] 5 . ljrf/ JoQm ug]{ / ljsf; k|lqmofsf cfwf/df x]gk' { 5{ / s] x'GYof] < b]zsf cufl8 clxn]sf /fHo;Qf xf] . ;+;bLo Joj:yf / ;Qf;Lg eg]/ pxfFx? :jLsfg{' x'G5 . P]dfn] g]tfx? ljBdfg r'gf}ltsf] ;fdgf ug{ sDo'lg:6
aQmfx¿n] ca sDo'lg:6x¿n] clnslt wf/0ff agfpg'k5{ . oL ;a} If]q / xfd|f ;d:ofx? cfpg] lyPgg . Tof] a]nf bnfn k'h F Lklt ju{ g} ;d:of xf], To;}n] klg Tof] s'/f eGg' x'G5 . To;}n] kf6L{x?n] g} kxn lng'k5{ .
gofF 9+un] ;f]Rg'k5{ klg eGg' ePsf] 5 . ;"rsf+ssf] cfwf/df x]g{ ] xf] eg] b]z ;+s6 hgtfn] h] eGof], ToxL x'g] cj:yf lyof] . ca ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug]{ eg]sf] g} of] ;fd|fHojfb / bnfn k'h F Ljfbn] klg cfˆgf] xfdLn] :ki6 ug{k' g]{ ljifo csf]{ s] 5
km]l/ gofF 9+un] ;f]Rbf st} unt 7fpFdf / gsf/fTds 7fpFdf 5 eGg ;lsG5 . Tof] a]nf sf+u;]| n] klg cfk"mnfO{ ;ldIff ;Qfsf] cGTo ug{' xf] . l:yltdf s]xL g s]xL ;'wf/ gu/L gx'Gg] eg] g]kfndf h;nfO{ j'hj' { f elg/x]sf 5f} .
dfS;{jfbL bz{g cg';f/ klg j:t'n] cfjZostf 5 . pgLx?sf] /Iffsf] lglDt pgLx? leq klg sdk|f8/ j'hj'{ f /
r]tgf agfpg] x'G5 . cfGbf]ngsf] s'g klg To;f] ug{' clgjfo{ 5, of] ;+s6 xf] 8]df]qm]l6s j'hj' { faLr km/s 5'6o\ fpg h?/L
tx÷:t/df 5f}F eGg] cfwf/df g} sDo'lg:6 pgLx?sf] . 5 . o;nfO{ ca ;f]nf]8f]nf] ?kdf Pp6}
kf6L{ / g]tfx?n] cfˆgf] ;f]r agfpg] ;fd|fHojfbnfO{ clxn] g]kfndf gofF– k|sf/n] a'em\ g' x'bF g} . 8]df]qm]l6s j'hj' { f;Fu
s'/f x'G5 . lsg ls 8]–6' 8] g} pgLx?n] gofF bnfn rflxPsf] 5 . cGo k'/fgf ;xsfo{ ug{k' 5{ . dfcf]n] hfkfgL ;fd|fHojfb
Tof] :t/df 6qmfpg' kl//x]sf] x'G5 . p;sf] kf6L{x?dfkm{t\ ca sfd rNg c;+ej lj?4 RofªsfO z]s;Fu ;+oQ' m df]rf{ u/]sf]
;+3if{ ToxfF kl//x]sf] x'G5 . To;nfO{ qm; 7fg]kl5 p;n] tL kf6L{ afx]s c?nfO{ ljifonfO{ klg :d/0f ug{k' 5{ . b]z
ug],{ ljrf/, of]hgf, gLlt / kf6L{ klg pgLx?n] k|of]u ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . arfpgsf lglDt dfcf]n] To;f] u/]sf lyP .
cfjZos x'G5 . olb tkfO{+ ;z:q 9+un] xfd|f lj?4sf k6s–k6ssf km08f, xNnf ljutsf xfd|f] /fli6«otfsf s}of}F If]qdf
cufl8 a9\g rfxg' x'G5 eg] ;+3if{ ug]{ / if8\oGqn] klg tYox?nfO{ ;fljt u/L ef/ltox?sf] x:tIf]k lyof] / 5 . sf]zL,
kmf];{ rflxG5 . olb hg;+3if{ xf] eg] g} /x]sf] 5 . xfdL ;fd|fHojfbsf] u08sL, ck/s0ff{nL pgLx?s} lgoGq0fdf
;8sdf cfpg] hgtf rflxG5 . xf]Og if8\oGqnfO{ k/f:t u/L 5f8\5f}F . lsgls 5g\ . ;Ldf ;d:of, v'Nnf l;dfgf, ;Ldf
af}l4s ljnf; dfq} ug]{ xf] eg] s]xL dfG5] xfdL hgtfsf k|ltlglw xf}F . xfdL b]zsf ljjfb, Jofkf/ / jfl0fHo,
dfq} eP klg x'G5 . p;n] h] u/] klg ;Rrf k|gLltlw xf}F . b]zsf] /Iff ug{' xfd|f] gful/stfnufotsf s}of}F d'2fx?
x'G5 . PSn} lxF8] klg x'G5 . bfloTjleq k5{ . xfdL h'g Snf;sf ef/t;Fu hf]l8Psf 5g\ . t/, kl5Nnf
g]kfnsf] cy{tGqsf] rl/q /fli6«o k|ltlglw xf},F To;sf ;Ldf, cfjZostf / lbgx?df cd]l/sL ;fd|fHofjb /fli6«o
5}g . /fli6«o x'g] eg]sf] cfTdlge{/ x'g] clgjfo{tfx? s]–s] 5g\, Tof] xfdL a'‰5f} . :jfwLgtfsf nflu vt/f eP/ cfof] .
s'/f xf] . xfd|f] cy{tGqsf] ljz]iftf k|f8] S6 To;sf/0f g} n]lggn] hgtfnfO{ sDo'lg:6 of] clxn]sf] ;To xf] . cGt/lj/f]wsf]
ug]{ vfnsf] 5}g . o;sf] ljz]iftf Jofkf/ kf6L{ rflxG5 eGg' ePsf] lyof] . clxn]sf] of] ;jfnnfO{ klg k|wfg / uf}0f
uOG5 ls eg]/ lrGtf klg AoQm ug{' o'/f]kdf hlta]nf k'hF Ljfbsf] hGd ug{k' g]{ kl/l:ylt ag]sf] lyof] . c? ug]{ dfq} 5 . ;d:of ToxfF 5 . ;/sf/sf hgtflj?4 if8\oGq e}/x]sf] a]nf To;nfO{ s] xf] eg]/ x]g'{ k¥of] . To;}n] of] j]nf
ePsf] 5 . Tof] :jefljs klg 5, lsg eof] / Tof] x'ls{of], Tolta]nf d'Vo ¿kdf /fhgLlts zlQmx?n] klg cfk"mnfO{ l/Eo" sd{rf/Lx?n] ;d]t xfd|f] cy{tGq cK7\of/f] a'‰g] / ;fdgf ug]{ c;nL sDo'lg:6 ;Rrf sDo'lg:6x?n] b]zeQmx?;Fu
ls gofF 9+un] ;f]Rg] gfddf ljutdf k'hF Ljfb ;fdGtsb;Fu n8]/ cufl8 ug{k' g]{ l:ylt ag]sf] lyof] Tof] a]nf . l:yltdf 5 eG5g . o;sf] rl/q bnfn kf6L{ rflxG5 . ;xsfo{ ug{k' 5{ . clxn] sDo'lg:6x?,
sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngdf uDeL/ uNtL / cfPsf] lyof] . Tof] tTsflng cj:yfdf clxn] t sf+u;]| x?n] g} sDo'lgi6x?nfO{ 5 . of] cfoftd'vL 5 . skf]/{ 6] k'h F Ljfbn] o:tf] j]nf sDo'lg:6x?n] cem 8] d f] q m] l 6s nf] s tGqjfbLx? /
;d:of klg k}bf ePsf 5g\ . g]kfnsf] k|ultzLn klg lyof] . k'FhLjfbsf] l/Eo" ug{ nufpFnfg h:tf] jftfj/0f pTkfbg u/]sf] dfn :jb]zdf leqfP/ qmflGtsf/L sDo"lgi6x?n] gofF 9+un] b]zeQmx?sf] df]rf{ rflxG5 . To;sf] kxn
sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngdf klg gofF u5f}+ { eGg] tTsfnLg k|ultzLn–rl/qn] g} To;n] eof] . l:ylt Pp6} 7fpFdf g/xFbf] /x]5 . To;af6 s]xL k|ltzt vfP/ ;Qf;Lg ;f]Rg'k5{ . sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngdf sDo'lgi6 qmflGtsf/Lx?n] ug{k' 5{ .
gfddf 8/ nfUbf] vf8ndf km;]sf] tLtf] o'/f]k / ljZjdf k|eT' j hdfpg ;s]sf] g]kfndf xfdLn] Pp6f o'usf] cGTo x'g] / pgLx?s} jsfng ug]{ k'h F Ljfb 5 b'ZdgnfO{ b'Zdg gb]Vg] a? ldqx?÷ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?jLr ljrf/ ldNg]x?;Fu
cg'ej klg 5 . t/, klg olta]nf xf] . k|efj kfg{ ;s]sf] xf] . t/, g]kfndf u/]s} xf] . oBlk Tof] /ftf/ft ePsf] g]kfndf . ;fdflhs ?kdf klg sf]xL efOrf/fnfO{ b'Zdg b]Vg] s'/f 8/nfUbf] Pstf ug],{ d'2f ldn]x?;Fu ;xsfo{ /
xfdLn] gofF 9+un] ;f]Rg}k5{ . ;f]Rg] tl/sf t k'h F Ljfb klg sS6]n k|sf/sf] eof] . lyPg . To;df /f0fflj/f]wL cfGbf]ngb]lv´ ;'/lIft 5}g . kl/0ffd s] eof] eg] b]zdf ;d:of xf] . xfdL of] k|jl[ tsf] ?kfGt/0f sfo{ut Pstf sfod ug]{ / Tof] klg
/ Jojxf/df klg gofFkg h¿/L 5 . cf]lh{gn a'hj' { f ;d]t x'g ;s]g . g]kfndf hgtfsf] Tofu, ;+3if{ / alnbfgsf] nfdf] gful/sx?n] cfˆgf] eljio gb]Vg] l:ylt rfxG5f}F . sDo'lg:6x?nfO{ sDo'lg:6n] g} ldn]g eg] Ps csf]s { f] lj/f]w gug]{ 9+un]
xfdLn] clxn] h'g ljifodf ax; k'h
F Ljfb ;Qf / s';L{sf] v]n ug]{ / h;af6 Oltxf; / k|lqmof 5 . Tof] t pTsif{df cfof] . o;sf] lhDd] j f/L s;n] b'Zdg b]Vg] s'/f dfS;{jfbL k|jl[ Q klg ;f]Rg'k5{ . xfdLn] cfhsf] cGt/lj/f]wsf]
ul//x]sf 5f}+ of] eg]sf] gofF s'/f kQf cfˆgf] JolQmut :jfy{ k"/f ug{ ;fwg uPsf] l:ylt dfq} lyof] . To;df lng' k 5{ < ˜: < /fHo / /fHosf xf]Og . t/, sDo'lg:6x?sf ljrf/df ;dfwfg ug{ / r'gf}ltx?sf] ;fdgf ug{
nufpg], cg';Gwfg ug]{ / ;Tosf] af/]df aGof] . rfx] Tof] sf+u;] | sf] gfddf xf];\ jf k| u ltzLn nf] s tGqjfbLx?b] l v ;~rfnsx? lhDd]jf/ x'g' kb}g{ < pgLx? leGgtfx? x'g ;S5g\, ToxfF ax;sf ljifo pGgt gofF ljrf/ / cfˆgf] Snf;sf]
lgisif{ lgsfNg] Pp6f tl/sf klg xf] . sDo'lg:6sf] gfddf eP klg . o;f] x'gd' f sDo'lgi6x?n] u/]sf ;+3if{x?nfO{ klg lhDd]jf/ x'gk} 5{ . o;sf] ;dfwfg s;/L x'g ;S5g, /fhgLlts nfOgdf cGt/x? cfwf/df dfq} ;+ej 5 .
cyjf of] ;xL / unt s] xf] eGg] s'/f sf+u;] | sf] a9L bf]if 5 . sf+u;] | k|ultzLn hf]8/] x]gk'{ 5{ . Tolt dfq xf]Og dhb'/, ug]{ ;femf b[li6sf]0f h?/L 5 . ha;Dd x'g;S5g\ . t/ Tof] b'Zdg xf]Og . ljZj qmflGt eg] s f] ;fdflhs
5'6o\ fpg] s;L klg xf] . ax;df p7fg x'g ;s]g . sDo'lgi6x¿ klg sDo'lgi6 ls;fg, dWodju{ / b]zeQmx?n] u/]sf] bnfn k'h F Ljfb / o;sf] k|0ffnL /xG5 sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng / g]kfndf klg kf6L{ cfjZostfdf ug]{ lrh xf] . Tof]
ePsf ljrf/ / ts{x? sltko u|x0fLo h:tf x'g\ ;s]gg\ . olb sf]xL ;Rrf ;+3if{sf] kl/0ffd klg xf] )^@÷)^# sf] ta;Dd ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg xf]Og ls leqsf ax;x? ljrf/ s]lGb|teGbf klg k':tfGt/0f ug]{ s'/f xf]Og . dfcf], n]lgg,
5g\, sltko dgfgLo / sltko ts{x? sDo'lg:6 x'g] lalQs} t Tof] qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ng . o;df g]kfnsf sDo'lgi6x? cem 8/nfUbf ;d:ofx? k}bf x'g5 ] g\ . kb s]lGb|t / k|lt:7f s]lGb|t eof] . To;}sf] dfS;{ s;}sf] ;dodf klg ;fdflhs
ljdz{ ug{ nfossf klg 5g\ . tyf hgtfsf] kIfw/ e}xfN5 . oxfF t / dfcf]jfbLx?n] ;dLIff ug{k' g]{ s'/f s] o'qm]g cfkm}dF f ljsl;t b]z xf] . cfwf/df km'6 / ljefhg cfpg yfn]kl5 qmflGt k':tfGt/0f ePsf] lyPg / 5}g .
cGt/lqmofsf] cfhsf] h'g ljifo 5, nf]stGqjfbL eGg]x¿ klg ab\gfd / xf] eg] Tof] a]nf hgtfnfO{ ;Qf;Lg cfly{s ;"rsx?÷ljsf;sf] :t/ /fd|} sDo'lg:6 kf6L{x?aLrsf] ;+3if{ t To;}n] xfdLn] clxn]sf] Joj:yf / g]tT[ jsf]
of] s'g} Pp6f kf6f] dfq} eGbf klg xfdL sDo'lg:6 eGg]x¿ klg abgfd eof}F . agfpg ;lsog . Tof] ;+efjgf k|jn g} ePsf] b]z xf] . clxn] p;sf pTkfbgsf u}//fhgLlts k|sf/sf] x'g] e}xfNof] . cfu|x, ljsNk lbg'k5{ .
;du|tfdf cfwfl/t 5 . b]zsf] cfhsf] cem kl5Nnf] ;dodf t emg\ /fhgLlt lyof] . Tof] a]nf hgtfnfO{ ;Qfdf NofP/ s]xL s]Gb|x? 5g\ . To;nfO{ /l;ofn] cfˆgf] k"jf{ux| / jbnfefjsf] l;sf/ eof] g]kfnsf] -g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf k|jQmf
;+s6 / ;dfwfgsf ljifodf s'/fsfgL eg]s} ;Qf / :jfy{sf nflu xf] eg] a'leFmb}5 . b]znfO{ d'Qm ug]{ ;+efjgf lyof] . olb lgoGq0fdf lnO;s]sf] 5 . () sf] sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng . To;sf/0f ;j{ky| d k|sf08 ;L åf/f @)*) df3 !# ut]
ug]{ eg]sf] cfkm}dF f ;du| ljifo xf] . of] ;Qf / :jfy{sf nflu b]znfO{ bfp xfGg], o;lj?b if8\oGq eP hgtfnfO{ ljb|fx] sf] bzskl5sf] cd]l/sL w'j| / kl5Nnf] t sDo'lgi6x? eg]sf cfˆg} dfG5]x? sf7df8f}dF f cfof]lht æjt{dfg ;+s6 /
cfkm}dF f 7"nf] ljifo xf] . o; ljifodf ljrf/ ljb]zLx?;Fu ;f}bfafhL ug]{ k|jl[ Q a9\b} clkn ug{ ;lsg] l:ylt lyof] . o;af/] ljZj zlQm;Gt'ngdf cfO/x]sf] x]/km]/ x'g eGg] b[li6sf]0f agfpg k¥of] . b[li6sf]0f ;dfwfg ljifosÆ cGt/lqmofdf JoQm
JoQm ug]{ ;a} ;fyLx¿df Pp6f ljifodf uPsf] 5 . ;Qfdf k'lu;s]kl5 /fhgLlt uDeL/ ;ldIff h?/L 5 . kl5sf] kl/0ffdsf sf/0f pTkGg l:ylt abNg k¥of] . clg ;xsfo{ ug{ ;lsG5– dGtJosf] z]/jxfb'/ ljZjsdf{åf/f
;dfgtf 5 . Tof] eg]sf] b]z Oltxf;d} zlQmsf] b'?kof]u ug]{ k|jl[ t 5 . ;+;bLo xfdLn] ljutdf n8fO{ n8\bf Psflt/ x]bf{ g]kfnsf] l:ylt s] x'bF } 5, stf hfFb5} ;lsGg ax; u/f}F . ;xsfo{ ug{ g;Sb}df ;Dkflbt ;fdu|L ;fGble{s ePsf]n]
;jf{lwt ;+s6df 5 eGg] s'/f xf] . of] /fhgLltdf of] ;d:of 5 t/ ;a} /fhgLlt ;fdGtjfb / /fhtGq lyof] eg] csf]l{ t/ ljrf/ ug{k' g]{ a]nfcfPsf] 5 . xfdLn] of] csf]n{ fO{ b'Zdgsf] leQfdf lsg ws]Ng] < k|sfzg ul/Psf] xf] _
;xL s'/f xf] . of] s'/f t clxn] /fhgLlts Joj:yfdf o:t} x'G5 eGg] xf]Og eg]/ ;+;bLo k|ltlqmofjfb lyof] . xfdL tL ljifodf Wofg lbg ;s]gf} eg] g]kfn blIf0f
ljZn]ifs / lj1x¿n] dfq} xf]Og ;fdfGo
gful/sx?n] klg eGg yfn]sf 5g\ . b]zsf]
ljifonfO{ xfdLn] :ki6 kfg{k' 5{ .
g]kfndf ;+;bLo /fhgLlt b]z /
b'js} f lj?4 n8]sf lyof}F . /fhtGqfTds
;+;bLo Joj:yfsf lj?4 n8]sf lyof}F .
Plzofsf] o'qm]g agfOb}5 . To;sf nflu
Pdl;;L xf], To;]sf nflu O08f]
clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ k"jL{ alb{ofsf] cWoIfdf sf]lknf
cfhsf] cj:yf gful/ssf] hLjgdf JoQm
eO/x]sf]n] klg ;a}n] b]z ;+s6df 5
hgtf lj?4 qmfOd ug]{ 7fpFdf kl/0ft
eof] . h;sf] df/df hgtf / b]z
t/, k|0ffnL hgtfsf] agfpg ;lsog .
q'l6 g} s] eof] eg] hgtf ;Qf;Lg ePg
Kofl;l/kms :6«f6]hL agfOPsf] xf] . lsgls
clxn]sf] ljZjsf gofF zlQm / k'/fgf
;L / klZrd alb{ofsf] cWoIfdf ;+uLtf ;L
elg/x]sf 5g . b]z ;+s6k"0f{ cj:yfdf kl//x]sf] 5 . j}rfl/s ¿kdf klg ;+;bLo a? csf]{ ju{ zlQmdf cfof] . o:tf] ju{ zlQmx?sf] 6;nn] Tof] kl/l:ylt aGb}5 . sf7df8f}F . clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ k"jL{ / klZrd alb{ofsf] ;+oQ ' m @! cf}+
5 eGg] s'/f ca ;a}n] :jLsfg]{ l:ylt /fhgLltdf lgs} 7"nf] ljrng b]lvFb5 } . ;Qfdf cfof] ls /ftf/ft bnfn ju{ g]kfnnfO{ cd]l/sf jf rLg s;sf] lhNnf ;Dd]ngn] sf]lknf ;Lsf] cWoIftfdf #! ;b:oLo k"jL{ / ;+uLtf ;Lsf]
5 . of] cfd ;xdltsf] ljifo h:tf] eof] . x'gtM cS6f]a/ qmflGtsf] ;dodf zlQmzfnL x'g] l:ylt eP/ uof] . dfS;{jfb lgoGq0fdf /fVg] eGg] bfpk]r rln/x]sf] cWoIftfdf #% ;b:oLo klZrd lhNnfdf gofF sfo{;ldlt lgjf{lrt u/]sf] 5 .
t/ ca xfdLn] b]zdf lsg ;+s6 pTkGg n]lng;d]t ;+;bdf hfg'ePsf] lyof] . jf ;dfh lj1fgdf /fhg}lts ?kdf 5 . h]nG] :sLn] oxL s'/f ghfGbf o'qm]g …g]kfnL laz]iftfsf] ;dfhjfbsf nflu xfd|f] cfGbf]ng, k'h F LjfbL lzIff k|0ffnLsf
eof] / o;sf] ;xL pkrf/ s] x'g;S5 ;+;b\df hfg] lalQs} ;+;bjfbL e}xfNg] / s;/L nfdf] ;do;Dd b'O6f af6f] of] xfnt k'us ] f] xf] . g]kfndf klg lj?4, lgMz'Ns / j}1flgs lzIff k|flKtsf nflu @!cf}+ lhNnf ;Dd]ngÚ eGg] d"n
eGg] lgrf]8 lgsfNg' /fli6«o /fhgLlt / ghfFbd} f qmflGtsf/L klg eOb}g . n]lgg x'g;S5 < /fhgLltdf ls t j'hj' { f nfOg zf;sx?n] of] s'/f ;dod} ljrf/ gug]{ gf/f;lxt k"jL{ jlb{of / klZrd alb{of lhNnfsf] lhNnf ;Dd]ng ;+oQ ' m ?kdf
b]zsf nflu h?/L ;jfn xf] . b]z / qmflGtsf lglDt b'dfdf uPsf]n] pgL x'G5, ls t >lds ju{sf] nfOg x'G5 . xf] eg] o'qm]gsf] l:ylt x'g5 ] . b]z / ;DkGg ub}{ cnu–cnu sfo{;ldlt lgjf{lrt ul/Psf] xf] .
;dfhsf nflu lg/Gt/ ;+3if{ / of]ubfg ;+;bjfbL ePgg\ . g]kfnsf sDo'lg:6x¿ ls ;Qf j'hj'{ fsf] x'G5 ls t >lds hgtfnfO{ of] vt/faf6 arfpg g]kfnsf ;Dd]ngsf k|dv ' cltly ;+ud ;Ln] ;Dd]ngsf] pb\3f6g ;qnfO{ ;Daf]wg
ul//x]sf kf6L{sf g]tfx?sf] nflu of] h?/L cfˆgf] hgjfb / ;dfhjfbsf] p2]Zo hgtfsf] ;Qf x'G5 . jLrdf s'g} o:tf] sDo'lg:6x?n] kxn lng'k5{ . ub}{ ;dfhjfbL ;Qf Nofpg] cleofgdf ljBfyL{sf] dxTjk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L x'g]
5 . o;af/]df b]zsf ;a} cy{zf:qL, 5f]8/] ;+;bjfbdf uPkl5 pgLx? abgfd ;+o'Qm ;Qf eP5 eg] klg Tof] bnfn k'h F Ljfb xfd|f] ;f/f ;d:ofsf] atfP . pgn] j}1flgs tyf Jojxfl/ lgMz'Ns lzIff k|flKtsf nflu km]l/ klg
;fdflhs, sfo{stf{, a'l4hLla / b]znfO{ 5g\ . Pdfn]n] ;a}eGbf a9L q'l6 u/]sf] ;+qmd0fsfnLg dfq} x'G5 . s]Gb| xf] . of] lgs} gflËPsf] klg 5 . ;+3if{sf] ljsNk gePsf] atfP . pgn] j'h{'jfx?n] ljBfyL{ ;+u7gnfO{ bnfn
dfof ug]x{ ¿n] uDeL/ 9+un] ;f]Rg] a]nf 7fpF g} Tof] xf] . )^@÷)^# kl5 dfcf]jfbLn] n] l ggn] t ;dfhjfb g} n]lggn] Ps k6s s:tf] j]nf b]zdf ;Qfsf] e¥ofª\ ag]sf] rrf{ ub}{ qmflGtsf/L ljBfyL{ ;+u7gn] ;r]t lab|f]xsf]
cfPsf] 5 . u/]sf] sdhf]/L klg ToxL g} xf] . ;+qmd0fsfnLg Joj:yf xf] eg]sf lyP . ljb|fx] x'G5 / ;Qf klN6G5 eGg] s'/fsf] g]tT[ j ug{' kg]{ atfP .
b]zsf] kl/l:yltnfO{ xfdLn] j:t'ut ha sDo'lgi6 kf6L{df ax; x'G5, ToxfF k'h F Lklt ju{n] lhTg] ls ;j{xf/f ljZn]if0f ub}{ zf;sx? k'/fg} 9+un] ;Qf ;Dd]ngsf ljz]if cltly s]Gb|Lo sfof{no ;b:o tyf klZrd sdf08
¿kdf x]gk' { 5{ . dfG5]sf] dgf]ut rfxgf / ;xL / untsf aLrdf ax; x'G5, o:tf] ju{n] lhTg] s'/fsf] km};nf ePsf] x'bF g} ;~rfng ug{ c;dy{ x'g' / hgtfx? OGrfh{ aa/hË ;L z}lIfs ljs[lQ / lj;+ult lj?4 ;8s af3sf ¿kdf
OR5fn] dfq} b]z rNg ;Sb}g . clxn]sf] j]nf ;r]t dflg;x?n] dfq} s] ;xL / s] ;d]t eg]sf lyP . dfcf]n] ;d]t gofF pgLx?sf] zf;gdf j:g g;Sg'÷c;dy{ :yflkt clvn qmflGtsf/L ljBfyL{sf] xslxtsf nflu ;b}j ;+3if{df /x]sf]
ljZjsf] rl/q x]of}{ eg]klg ljutdf unt eg] / 5' 6 \ o fpF 5 g\ t/ hgjfb ;+qmd0fsfnLg x'G5 ;dfhjfbdf x'g' jf oL b'O{ kl/l:ylt x'g' g} lab|fx] sf] atfP . pgn] pRr lzIffnfO{ ;j{;'ne / Jojxfl/s agfpg'kg]{ / ljBfno
k|lt:kwf{Tds cj:yfdf /x]sf] zlQm cfddfG5]x?nfO{ s] ;xL / s] unt eGg] hfgsf nflu eGg' ePsf] lyof] . j:t'ut cfwf/ x'G5 eg]sf lyP . lzIff lgMz'Ns / l;kd'ns agfpg'kg]{ atfP .
;lds/0f clxn] b'ZdgLk"0f{ cj:yfdf 5'6o\ fpg ufx|f] x'G5 . u0ftGq kl5 ePsf xfdLn] )$^ jl/kl/ klg ;+;bLo g]kfndf clxn] To:t} l:ylt 5 . csf]l{ t/ g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf alb{of OGrfh{ lxdlzv/ ;Ln]
ablng vf]Hb}5 . o'qm]g–?;, Kn]:6fOg – /fhgLlts ax;df s] ;xL lyof] / s] Joj:yf hglj/f]wL Joj:yf xf] eg]s} lyof}F . ;+s6 klg 8/nfUbf] 5 . o;sf] ;dfwfgsf lzIffnfO{ clgjfo{ >d / pTkfbg;Fu hf]8\g'kg]{ atfpFb} >ddf xLgtfaf]w
Oh/fon / O/fg –kfls:tfg o'2;Dd q'l6 lyof] eGg] s'/f Ps k6s km]l/ 5n{ª Tof] s'/f clxn] klg ;To xf] . /fhtGq lglDt xfdLn] clxn] ;f]Rg] a]nf cfPsf] xf]Og uf}/j ug]{ lzIff k|0ffnL cfjZos /x]sf] atfP . s]Gb|Lo ;b:o gf/fo0f
cfpFbf Tof] l:ylt yk :ki6 ePsf] 5 . ePsf] 5 . cfˆgf] /fhgLlt 5f]8g\ ] / x6] / To;kl5 cfPsf] ;+ ; bLo 5 . xfdL sDo'lg:6n] ;f]Rg], l8:sif{ ug]{ / ;Ln] /fi6«nfO{ cfjZos kbf{ ;+3if{ ug]{ hgzlQm pTkfbg ug{'kg]{ atfP .
of] s'/fnfO{ klg xfdLn] Wofg lbg}k5{ . a'hj'{ f /fhgLltdf hfg] s'/f g} g]kfnsf] nf]stGqnfO{ 8]lG6ª–k]lG6ª ub}d{ f x'gj] fnf lgisif{ lgsfNg] ToxfF xf] . o;df yk 5nkmn g]skfsf s]Gb|Lo k|ltlglw ;ldlt ;b:o tyf k"jL{ lhNnf ;]qm]6/L ;+lug
csf]l{ t/ xfdLn] b]zleqsf] kl/l:ylt / sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngsf] d'Vo q'l6 klg xf] . lyPg . ;+;bLo Joj:yfn] k|ltlglwTj klg ub}{ hfpm eGg] xf] . ;L, klZrd lhNnf ;]qm]6/L /fd ;L, >lds ;d'bfo df]rf{ g]kfnsf Ao"/f]
cGt/la/f]wnfO{ klg j:t';u+ t ¿kdf of] g} k|dv ' ;d:of klg xf] . bnfn k'h F Ljfbsf] u/]sf] lyof] . o;n] o:tf] a]nf sDo'lg:6x?, k|ultzLn ;+of]hs andfg ;L, dfcf]jfbL s]Gb| lgs6 clvn qmflGtsf/Lsf] s]Gb|Lo
x]gk' { 5{ . xfd|f algagfp wf/0ffaf6 x]//] )^@÷)^# ;fndf g} g]kfndf >lds g]kfnsf >lds hgtf, ;fdflhs ?kdf nf]stGqjfbL / b]zeQmx?n] l7s 9+un] ;b:o tyf alb{of OGrfh{ /]zd clwsf/L, aaO{ SofDk;sf lzIfs l;4/fh
x'bF g} . xfdLn] klxn] h] elg/x]sf lyof} ju{ klxnf] k6s zlQmzfnL ePsf] lyof] . lje]bdf k/]sf ;fd'bfosf] k|ltlglwTj u/]sf] ;f]Rg ;s]gg\ eg] b]znfO{ vt/faf6 pkfWofo nufotsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .
kl/l:yltsf] ljZn]if0fsf ;Gbe{df, ca klg o;sf] cy{ g]kfnsf] sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng lyPg . o;n] b]zsf] klg k|ltlglwTj u/]sf] arfpg ;lsGg . clxn] ljBdfg Joj:yf blIf0f s0ff{nL Ao'/f] OGrfh{ xl/ ;L sf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg ;Dd]ngsf] ;+rfng
ToxL elg/xg'k5{ eGg] xf]Og . To;/L ;f]Rg] zlQmzfnL lyof] eGg xf] . g]kfnsf lyPg . o;sf] rl/q g} b]zlj/f]wL / l7s 5 eg]/ zf;sx?n] klg jsfnt ;+u7gsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf lhNnf OGrfh{ l8NnL ;L n] u/]sf lyP .
 4 @)*) ;fn df3 @! ut] cfOtaf/

;xsf/L sf08df d'l5Psf /lj nfld5fg]dfly 5fglag ug{ cfn6fn lsg <
l;s] /fpt g]t[Tjsf] hgdt pgnfO{ ;f]wk'5sf lglDt af]nfPsf] ;j{;fwf/0fn] cfz+sf ug{' :jfefljs} ub}{ 5tf5'Nn ePsf] 5 . hgtf kLl8t 5g\ . ltgs} k};f hxFfklg hLaL /fO{;Fu} b]lvGy]+ .
kf6Ln] ;/sf/nfO{ lbPsf] ;dy{g 5}g\ . kLl8t artstf{ ;LcfO{aLnfO{ xf] . cGo kf6L{sf] of]hgf klg oxL g} pgsf] gfdaf6 Uofn] S ;L ;xsf/Ldf 8' a ] s f] 5 . pgLx? 6]lnlehg vf]Nbf pgL g} k|aGw
lkmtf{ lng] b]lvPsf] 5 . hgdt ;f]W5g\, …/lj nfld5fg] e"k" u[xdGqL 5 . Pdfn] cWoIf s]kL zdf{ cf]nL, 6]lnlehgsf] vftfdf /sd 6«fG;km/ nfld5fg]sf] kIfdf ca ;8sdf lgb]z{ s lyP . To;kl5 km'Q nfP/
aflxl/g] ePkl5 k|wfgdGqL k'iksdn eP/ 8/fPsf] xf] ls lhNnf–lhNnfaf6 sf+u|];sf ;efklt z]/axfb'/ b]pjf ePsf] va/x? klg aflxl//x]sf] 5 . cfpFbg} g\ . @)%* ;fndf dfcf]jfbLsf] /fhgLltdf k|jz ] ul/xfn] . g]tfx?n]
bfxfn …k|r08Ú n] /fli6«o :jtGq kmfOn dufP/ gf}6+sL b]vfPsf] <Ú klg pgnfO{ hf]ufpg'kg]{ kIfdf pgnfO{ ef]6 lbg]x?nfO{ clxn] lgs} hgo'4 rln/x]sf] lyof] . pgL cfkm\gf] s]xL gu/]sf] elg hgtfn] u'gf;f]
kf6L{nfO{ ;/sf/df Nofpg] sf]l;z e'6fgL z/0ffyL{ sf08df d'ns ' sf pRr b]lvG5g\ . pgL;Fu ePsf] @! ;L6n] k5' t f] nfu] s f] cj:yf 5 . HofgnfO{ vt/f x'g] eGb} cd]l/sf ul//x]sf] a]nf pgn] klg …df}sfdf
ul//x]sf 5g\ . k|r08nfO{ ;/sf/ kb:yx? ;dfTbf ;j{ ; fwf/0fn] ;/sf/df hfg ;lsG5 ls < eGg] 6]lnlehgdf lrRofP/ rrf{ sdfPsf k'u] . @)&! ;fndf g]kfn kmls{P . rf}sfÚ xflgxfn]+ . r'gfj lhTg]lalQs}
9Ng] xf]ls eGg] 8/ ePsf] 5 . oBlk, k|x/Lsf] …jfxjfxLÚ ePsf] lyof] . k|x/Ln] bfpk]rdf 5g\ ;a} . k|r08nfO{ s;/L pgL klxn]klg cf/f]kaf6 c5'tf] pgL cfPkl5 sf08afx]s c? s]xL ;/sf/df uP . 5f]6f] ;dosf nflu
/f:jkfsf ;efklt /lj nfld5fg] ;xsf/L sf08 klg To;/L g} ;Qf l6sfpg] < eGg] lrGtf 5 . cGo lyPgg\ . kqsf/ zflnu|fd k'8f;}gLsf] pknlAw xfl;n ePsf] 5}g\ . k'8f;}gL ePklg pkk|wfg / u[xdGqL vfP .
sf08}sf08n] 3]l/Psf JolSt x'g\ . uDeL/tfsf ;fy lng h?/L 5 . cfTdxTof k|s/0fdf kqmfp u/]sf / csf{ Ps 8«fOe/n] Hofg u'dfP . gful/stfsf] d'2fdf km};nf ug]l{ alQs}
slxn] of] sf08 t slxn] Tof] sf08 . hLaL /fO{ ;d"xsf ljleGg ;xsf/Ldf pgn] ;a}nfO{ ;8sdf ptf/] . /, cfk"m k'8f;}gLn] t lrRrfOlrRofO eg] t/ ;a} kb u'dfPsf pgL km]l/ lgjf{lrt
xfn pgLdfly ;xsf/Lsf] artstf{sf] nfld5fg]sf] gfd hf]l8Psf] 5 . ar] . ljleGg ;~rf/dfWodb]lv s;}n] kTofPgg\ . pgsf] 8«fOe/ /flt eP . u[xdGqLsf nflu k'gM bf}8w'k
art lxgfldgfsf] cf/f]k nfu]sf] 5 . pgLlj?4 ph'/L klg kl/;ssf] lnP/ /fhfjfbLx? ;8sdf plqP, 5taf6 n8]/ d/] . t/, ;To s] xf] < z'? eof] . u[x kfP ;/sf/nfO{ ;dy{g
;xsf/L ljefudf klg pgLlj?4 ph'/L cj:yf 5 . t}klg sf/afxL k|lqmofdf pgnfO{ arfP . hasL k'8f;}gLn] 7f]; v'n]sf] 5}g\ . pgn] kfOnfkfOnfdf ug]{, geP ;/sf/af6 aflxl/g] egL
k/]sf] 5 . ljefun] 5fglagsf nflu l9nf;':tL lsg < ;j{;fwf/0f / pRr k|df0f 5f]8]/ uPsf lyP . k|df0f sfg' g sf] wHhL p8fP . bf] x f] / f] bafa lbg yfn] . t/, k|wfgdGqL
;LcfO{aLnfO{ kq n]lv;s]sf] 5 . kb:yx?nfO{ k|x/Ln] ug]{ sf/afxL x'Fbfx'Fb} klg pgL hf]luP . To;kl5 gful/stf, /fxbfgLdf hf]l8P . oBlk, k|r08 u[x glbg] c8fgdf lyP .
ut k' ; @% ut] u[ x dGqL k|lsof leGgleGg b]lvPsf] 5 . klg gful/stf / /fxbfgL sf08, sf/afxL ePg\ . ;kmnn] ph' / L To;sf] emf]sdf pgn] dGqL vfO/x]sf
gf/fo0fsfhL >]i7;lxt a;]sf] e"ld s'g} JolStlj?4 s;}n] ph'/L lbof] u[xdGqL x'Fbf g]kfnLsf] JolStut xfNbfxfNb} pgsf] kb v'l:sof] . cfkm\gf kf6L{sf ;a} ;+f;bnfO{ lkmtf{
;'wf/, ;xsf/L tyf ul/aL lgjf/0f jf eGof] eg] k|x/Ln] ;f]wk'5sf nflu ljj/0f vf]Ng]u/L lghL sDkgL;Fu clg dfq gful/stf lnP . pgsf] af]nfP . pgn] JolStut lx;fan]
dGqfno, ;xsf/L ljefu, ;LcfO{aL af]nfOxfN5 . gq cfkm}F+ ltgsf] 3/ cg';f yfkf ePsf] ;Demf} t fx? aflxl/of] . sf/0fn] lrtjg lgjf{rg If]q gDa/ dfq ;f]R5g\ eGg] t oxFfaf6 k'li6
/ g]kfn k|x/Lsf kbflwsf/Lsf] a}7sn] vf]Hb} k'luxfN5g\ . t/, nfld5fg]sf] kf6L{ nfld5fg]nfO{ e¥ofª agfP/ pgLdfly cf/f]k nfUb} uof], pgn] @ df b'Ok{ 6s lgjf{rg u/fpg'k¥of] . ePsf] 5 . clxn] ;xsf/Lsf] sf08df
nfld5fg] s f] gfd hf] l 8Psf] xsdf t 5'§} cj:yf b]lvPsf] 5 . ;Qfdf hfg] of]hgfdf 5g\ . h;sf] c?dfly lxnf] 5\ofk]/ cfk"m hf]luFb} hgtfn] lt/]sf] s/ ;j{:j eof] . d'l5Psf pgLdfly 5fglag x'g}k5{ .
;xsf/Lpk/ 5fglag ug]{ lgZsif{ pgLdfly 5fglag x'gk' g]{ elg kLl8t df/df ;xsf/L kLl8t k/]sf 5g\ . uP . 6]lnlehgaf6 /fhgLlttkm{ l;w} hgtfn] kfPsf] b' M v 5' § } 5 . ;j{;fwf/0fn] vfO{gvfO{ art
lgsfn]sf] lyof] . l;Gw'nLsf o'j/fh artstf{ b ] l v lnP/ /fhgLlts ;Qfsf] v]ndf pgLx?sf] ;d:of xfDkmfn]sf nfld5fg]nfO{ ca hf]ufpg lrtjgsf hgtfn] km]l/ lgjf{lrt u/]/ u/] s f] /sd lxgfldgf ug] { 5' 6
;kmnn] ljefub] l v ;+ ; b bn;Ddn] dfu ul//x] s f 5g\ . bafpg vf]lhPsf] 5 . kLl8tx? eg] sf]xL 5}g\ . Go"h @$ 5f]8/] Uofn]S;L k7fP . clxn] km]l/ ;xsf/L sf08df s;}nfO{ 5}g\ . nfld5fg] dfq xf]Og\,
;lrjfno;Dd ph'/L btf{ u/]sf ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfodf ph'/L klg ;LcfO{aLn] slxn] sf/afxL cl3 vf]n] . Uofn]S;L aGb eO;s]sf] 5 . hf]l8Psf 5g\ . cfkm}F+ sf08}sf08n] hlt klg ;xsf/L sf08df
5g\ . pgn] ljefudf nfld5fg]dfly kl/;s]sf] 5 . ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfon] a9fpF5 < eg]/ s'/]/ a;]sf 5g\ . ToxfF s f kqsf/n] tna gkfP/ 3]l/Psf] JolStn] b]z agfpF5 < pgL d'l5Psf 5g\, pgLx?dfly wdfwd
5fglag / sf/afxL ug{ dfu u/]sf 5fglagsf nflu ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ pgnfO{ ;f]wk'5sf nflu;d]t xl/lahf]u 5 . eGg] u5{g,\ …d b]z agfpgsf nflu sf/afxL x' g ' k 5{ . artstf{ x ?
5g\ . otf, ;lrjfnodf btf{ u/]sf] kq klg n]lv;s]sf] 5 . t/, k|x/Ln] gaf]nfPkl5 artstf{x? tgfjdf otf, pgnfO{ /fhfjfbLx?nfO{ cd]l/sf 5f]8]/ cfPsf] .Ú t/, pgL ;fx| } tgfjdf 5g\ . o;nfO{
ph'/Ldf ;f+;b kbaf6 x6fpg dfu s'g} …PS;gÚ g} lnPsf] b]lvFb}g\ . 5g\ . nfld5fg] eg] cGodfly lxnf] ;xof]u ub}g{ g\ . cfkm\g} kf6L{ vf]ns
] f g]kfnnfO{ n'6L vfg] ef8f] agfpg ;/sf/n] uDeL/tf ;fy lng'k5{ .
ul/Psf] 5 . cl3Nnf] ;ftfsf] nfld5fg]dfly sf/afxL ga9fpg'sf] 5\ofk]/ cfk"m plDsg] k|oTg ul//x]sf 5g\ . nfld5fg] s f] ;dy{ g sf cfPsf] t clxn];Dd k|i6} ePsf] 5 . ;xsf/Lx?n] w] / } n fO{ …3/ g 3f6Ú
cfOtaf/ nfld5fg] n fO{ af] n fP/ k5fl8 k|wfgdGqL k|r08sf] xft xf]ls 5g\ . s]xL dlxgfcl3 pgn] u[xdGqL Tolta]nf lrtjgsf hgtf ;8sdf sfg'g yfxf kfOkfO{ a'em\ krfPem}+ ug]{ sf] agfOlbPsf] 5 . ;xsf/Ldf
;f] w k' 5 ug{ ' elg ljefun] eGg] cfz+sf ;j{;fwf/0fn] u/]sf 5g\ . >]i7dfly cfk"mnfO{ km;fpg vf]]h]sf] cfPsf lyP . nfld5fg]nfO{ 5'6fpg clg hjfkmdf dnfO{ yfx} ePg\ eGg] . nfvf} + artstf{ s f] c/\ a f} + ?k} o fF
;LcfO{aLnfO{ kq n]v]sf] 5 . pgnfO{ ;/sf/df NofP/ ;Qf cf/f]k nufPsf lyP . hasL pgn] lrtjgsf hgtf hf]8tf]8sf ;fy Uofn]S;L 6]lnlehg vf]Nbfsf km;]sf] 5 . ;/sf/n] Wofg tTsfn
oBlk, ;LcfO{ a Ln] xfn;Dd l6sfpg] v]ndf k|r08 b]lvPsfn] u/]sf st{'tx? clxn] Pskl5 csf]{ nfu]sf lyP . clxn] t lrtjgs} xtf{stf{ t nfld5fg] klg lyP . pgL o;tkm{ s] l Gb| t x' g h?/L 5 .

] df3 @% ut]bl] v ljQLo ;+:yf lagf g} cgnfOg shf{ lng]÷lbg] Joj:yf Û

Sofg OGkmf]6s
sf7df8f}F . Sofg OGkmf]6]s df3 Ph' s ] z g kmfp08] z g, 8fod08 x'g b]zleqaf6 ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf sf7df8f}F . g]kfn /fi6« a}s+ n] a}s
+ aLrsf] ;dembf/L eO n]gb]g x'g5 ] . alnof] ;'k/Lj]If0fsf] cfjZostf
@% b]lv df3 @( ut];Dd sf7df8f}s F f] :kf]G;/df g]kfn 6]lnsd tyf uf]N8 k|ljlw dGqfno, ;"rgf k|ljlw ljefu, tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;xeflutf ljgf o;/L x'g] n]gb]g s] s:tf] p2]Zosf x' G 5 . g] k fnsf] ;Gbe{ d f pQm
e[s6' Ld08kdf x'g] ePsf] 5 . sDo'6/ :kf]G;/x¿df OGkmf] 8]enk;{ / ds{G6fOn g]kfn b"/;~rf/ k|flws/0f, g]kfn pBf]u shf{ lng÷lbg ;lsg] cgnfOg nflu ug{ ;lsg] eGg] ljifdf s]Gb|Lo cgnfOg Kn]6kmd{af6 shf{ lng rfxg]
Pzf]l;P;g g]kfn -Sofg_ laxLaf/ clkm; l;i6d k|fln /x]sf 5g\ . jfl0fHo dxf;+3, g]kfn r]Da/ ckm Kn]6kmd{sf] Joj:yf ug]{ ePsf] 5 . a}+sn] tf]Sg]5 . To;sf ;fy} lk6'kL JolQmsf] ;"rgf kof{Kt pknAw gx'g]
kqsf/ ;Dd] n g u/L d] n faf/] o:t} l;Ne/ :kf]G;/x¿df cg{ sd;{, g]kfn pBf]u kl/;+3, ;'la;' a}s
+ n] klxnf] r/0fdf …lko/ 6' lko/ - / qmfp8 km08Lªsf df]8]nx¿ ;d]t x'Fbf hf]lvd x'g ;Sg] s]Gb|Lo a}+ssf]
hfgsf/L u/fPsf] xf] . Sofgsf l;Ssf -cglnld6]8 6]Sgf]nf]hL_, OG;];G] 6 nufotsf ;+:yfn] ;xof]u u/]sf 5g\ . lk6'kL_ NoflG8ªÚ / …qmfp8 km08LªÚ to u/L a}s + tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] cWoogn] b]vfPsf] 5 . o:tf] ljQLo
dxf;lrj lr/~hLjL clwsf/Ln] /]g k|fln, lxdsd÷Pg6]s / kLPgjO{ d]nfsf] l6s]6 O;]jfdfkm{t\ sf6\g] sf] nflu k|lqmof cl3 a9fpg cfjZos ;xeflutf ljgf nufgL h'6fpg] dWo:ytf ;~rfngsf nflu lgodg
cfof]hgf ug]{ d'n'ss} 7"nf] ;"rgf /x]sf 5g\ . k|bz{gLsf] l6s]l6ª kf6{g/df ;lsg]5 h;cGtu{t ;j{;fwf/0fsf cWoog ;s]/ 5nkmn cl3 a9fPsf] j}slNks ljQLo dWo:ytf ljsf; ug{ 9fF r f tof/ ug{ ' kg] { cWoogn]
k|ljlw;DaGwL k|bz{gL Sofg OGkmf]6s] O–;]jf k|fln, OG6/g]6 kf6{g/df l8z nflu ?= !)) / ljBfyL{sf nflu ¿=%) xf] . a}s
+ n] ljQLo dWo:ytfdf nfUg] vf]h]sf] a}+sn] hgfPsf] 5 . pQm cf}FNofPsf] 5 . ;fy} o:tf] vfnsf]
vr{ s6f}tL ug]{ tyf k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t Kn]6kmd{ dfkm{t\ OlSj6L nufgL, shf{ ljQLo sf/f] a f/df 7uL, ;DklQ
ljZjsf] kl5Nnf] cEof;nfO{ cg';/0f tyf cg'bfg ;+sngsf] sfd ug{ z'4Ls/0fsf] hf]lvd klg plQs} x'g]
ug{ vf]hs ] f] xf] . o;df s]Gb|Lo a}s+ n] ;lsg] a}+sn] hgfPsf] 5 . ePsfn] lgofds rgfvf] x'gk' g]{ x'G5 .
lk6'kL / qmfp8 km08Lª sf nflu 5'§} a}s
+ sf] cWoog k|ltj]bg cg';f/ o;sf nflu lgofdsn] nufgLstf{sf
Kn]6kmd{ tof/ ug]5 { . lk6'kL NoflG8ª g]kfnsf nflu gofF nflu / C0fLsf nflu ;Ldf tf]Sg'kg]{
pQm cgnfOg Kn]6kmd{ dfkm{t\ xf] . o:tf] Kn]6kmd{ ;~rfngsf nflu x'G5 eg] k'h
F L cfjZostfsf] ljifodf
nufgL ug{ rfxg] / nufgL lng rfxg] k|efjsf/L lgodg tyf cg'udg / lgb]z{ g lbg'kg]{ x'G5 .

@@ j6f lgdf{0f sDkgL sfnf] ;"rLdf

sf7df8f} F . k| w fgdGqL tyf k/]sf] 5 . of] sDkgLnfO{ ;8s l8lehg o;}u/L ;8s l8lehg bdf}nLsf]
dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no cGtu{tsf] sfof{no e/tk'/n] sfnf];r " Ldf /fVg l;kmfl/;df ;'/G] b|/fh l/hfn d'Vo JolQm
;fj{hlgs vl/b cg'udg sfof{non] l;kmfl/; u/]sf] lyof] . ePsf] b]jL /d0f sG:6«S;g sDkgLnfO{
sfo{;Dkfbg /fd|f] gePsf @@ lgdf{0f o;}u/L s0f{axfb'/ v8\sf d'Vo JolQm ;f9] @ jif{ sfnf];r " Ldf /flvPsf] 5 .
Joj;foLx?nfO{ sfnf];r " Ldf /fv]sf] 5 . ePsf] h]s] laN8;{, sf]xnk'/–!! afFs] klg ;8s l8lehg bdf}nLs} l;kmfl/;df
tL lgdf{0f Joj;foLx? # b]lv ! jif{ cjlwsf tLg jif{sf nflu sfnf];r " Ldf k/]sf] 5 . v8\ub]jL sG:6«S; aGbLk'/nfO{ b'O{ jif{
@)@$ sf] tof/L clGtd r/0fdf ldl8of k|fln, OGgf]e;] g kf6{g/df P*/]; ?k}ofF z'Ns tf]lsPsf] 5 . nflu sfnf];r " Ldf k/]sf 5g\ . sfnf];r" Ldf of] sDkgLnfO{ sfnf];r " Ldf /fVg cfGtl/s sfnf];r " Ldf /flvPsf] 5 . o;sf] d'Vo
k'us
] f] atfpFb} eg]– …Sofg OGkmf]6s
] df u|fkm g]kfn k|fln, OG:of/]G; kf6{g/df o;jif{ Sofg OGkmf]6s ] df g]kfnd} k/]sfx? sfnf];r " Ldf /flvPsf] cjlwe/ dfldnf tyf sfg'g dGqfno wgu9Ln] JolQm l8naxfb'/ u'?ª 5g\ .
;"rgf ;~rf/ k|ljlw If]qsf lelqPsf cfO{hLcfO{ K?8]lG;on OG:of]/G] ; k|fln, ljsf; ul/Psf] h]g/] l] 6e PcfO{ l;i6d ;fj{hlgs lgsfosf] s'g} klg vl/b l;kmfl/; u/]sf] lyof] . tLg jif{ sfnf];r" Ldf o;}u/L bLks uf}td d'Vo JolQm
gjLgtd k|ljlw tyf ;]jfsf] ljz]if 6«l] gª kf6{g/df a|f8] j] OGkmf]l;; k|fln, …sfG5LÚ /f] a f] 6 sf] a] 6 f ;+ : s/0f sf/afxLdf efu lng kfpFbg} g\ . k/]sf cGo lgdf{0f Joj;foLx?df kßf ePsf] uh'/d'vL lgdf{0f sDkgL, Onfd,
k|bz{gL tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?aLr uxg l8lh6n l8:Kn] kf6{g/df l8nS; /]l8of] ;fj{hlgs ul/g] cfof]hsn] hgfPsf] sfnf];r " Ldf k/]sfx?df nf]xgL P08 s'df/L zfxL d'Vo JolQm ePsf] zld{nf /fhfaxfb'/ emf d'Vo JolQm ePsf] gj
5nkmn x'g]5 .Ú ;le{;, Ph'sz ] g kf6{gdf kf6g sn]h 5 . ;fy} PgkL;6{ / ;LP;cf/cfO{sf] a|bz{ k|fln e/tk'/ & lrtjg nufot lgdf{0f ;]jf, ;fGgL lqj]0fL–* sflnsf]6 / lgdf{0f laN8;{ k|fln, hgsk'/, :jlKgn
@(cf}F Sofg OGkmf]6s] sf] 6fO6n km/ k|fk] m]zgn :6l8h -kL;LkLP; sn]h_ kxndf ;fOa/ ;] S o' / L6L x] N k 5g\ . vf]klglw nf]xgL, z+s/ k|;fb nf]xgL cf]d uf}/Lz+s/ OGkmf:6«Sr/ k|fln sLlt{k/' kf}8n] d'Vo JolQm ePsf] P;=la=Pd=
:kf]G;/df P; kfj/ aLkLO{ k|fln /x]sf] /x]sf 5g\ . 8]:s;d]t ;~rfng ul/g] Sofg / n]vlglw nf]xgL d'Vo JolQm ePsf] of] 5g\ . cf]d uf}/Lz+s/sf] d'Vo JolQm OlGhlgol/ª P;f]l;o6\;, sf7df8f}F b'O{
5 eg] Knfl6gd :kf]G;/df n8{a4' k|bz{gLnfO{ ;kmn ?kdf cfof]hgf dxf;+3n] hgfPsf] 5 . sDkgL tLg jif{sf nflu sfnf];r " Ldf dLgaxfb'/ e08f/L 5g\ . jif{sf nflu sfnf];r " Ldf k/]sf 5g\ .
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;xof]unfO{ ;f] b]zsf] k//fi6« ;DaGwsf] kIfx¿sf af/]df lj1 ;d"x / /fhgLlts Pd;L;L ;D´f} t f eg] g] k fnsf] df Pdl;;L ;xof]u lng] b]zn] kfngf ;D´f}tf Pp6f cy{df s8f 5g\ . Tof] s] ;xdlt;lxt ;';l" rt / ;'ljrfl/t lg0f{o
cf}hf/sf ?kdf klg a'‰g] ul/G5 . zlQm txdf uDeL/ n]vfhf]vf x'gk' g]{ lyof], ;+ljwfgsf dfGotf ;d]taf6 aflx/ uP/ ug{' kg]{ zt{x¿ :ki6;Fu pNn]v ul/Psf] eg] ljb]zsf PlShd a}s + af6 g]kfnn] ug{k' g]{ b]lvG5 .
/fi6«x¿sf] xsdf t j}bl] zs ;xof]u t/ x'g ;s]g . tby{ a'´fOsf cfwf/df k|rlnt sfg'gsf] alv{nfk x'g] ;D´f}tf 5 . ;f]cg';f/ g]kfnn] ;xL u/]sf] lng] C0fdf ToxL b]zsf pks/0f lsGg' ;Gbe{ ;fdu| L
/fli6«o ;'/Iff gLlt;Fu klg hf]l8Psf] k|s[of cufl8 a9fOof] / ;/sf/n] xf] . To;}n] of] ;D´f}tfnfO{ ;+;baf6 Pdl;;L sDKofS6 ;D´f}tfsf] wf/f #=# kg]{ of b]zsf] 7s]bf/nfO{ 7]Ssf lbg'kg]{ !_ Rose, Sarah, and Franck
df cd]l/sfsf] Pd;L;L P]g @))# sf] zt{ x'G5g\ . ef/t, rLg of cGo ;a} Wiebe. "Defining the
;"o{/fh cfrfo{ bkmf ^)& nfu" x'g] Joj:yf 5 . ;f]
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Pd;L;L ;D´f}tfsf zt{x¿ cd]l/sfsf] ;x>fAbL r'gf}tL kl/of]hgf -Pd;L;L_ P]g @))#sf ;xof]u lng] b]zn] olb 3/]n' of ljb]lz Pd;L;Lsf /fhgLlts / /0fgLlts Global Development .
k|jwfgcg';f/ to ul/Psf 5g\ . of] P]gsf] bkmf ^)& df Pdl;;L ;xof]u lng] b]zn] kfngf ug{' kg]{ u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿nfO{ lgodg of k|sl[ tsf zt{sf] t'ngf ts{;uF t 5}g . Http://Www. Cgdev.Org/
zt{x¿ :ki6;Fu pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . ;f]cg';f/ g]kfnn] ;xL u/]sf] Pdl;;L sDKofS6 ;D´f}tfsf] wf/f Jojl:yt ug]{ s'g} lgod sfg'g nfu" To:t} c? bftfsf ;D´f}tfdf klg ljb]zL Publication/Ft/Defining-
ug{ vf]Hof] eg] Pd;L;Lsf] Wofgfsif{0f sfg'g nfu" x'g] zt{ 5g\ eGg] ts{ klg n e x t - T e n -
#=# df cd]l/sfsf] Pd;L;L P]g @))# sf] bkmf ^)& nfu" x'g] Joj:yf 5 . ;f] bkmf ^)&df /fhgLlt, x'g] eGg] Joj:yf ;d]t 5 . To;}n] Pd;L;Lsf kIfw/af6 af/Daf/ ;'lgG5 . Ye a r s m i l l e n n i u m -
cfly{s / ;fdflhs Joj:yfaf/]sf zt{sf cltl/Qm Pdl;;L ;xof]u lng] b]zn] olb 3/]n' of ljb]lz Pdl;;L ;+´f}tfsf sltko o:tf a'bF f j} b ] l zs ;xof] u sf ;D´f} t f of Challenge-Corporation,
u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿nfO{ lgodg of Jojl:yt ug]{ s'g} lgod sfg'g nfu" ug{ vf]Hof] eg] Pd;L;Lsf] xfd|f] ;+ljwfgsf] k|fjwfgsf] ;d]t cfof]hgfsf] 7]Ssf–k§f s/f/df s]xL 2016.
Wofgfsif{0f x'g] eGg] Joj:yf ;d]t 5 . To;}n] Pdl;;L ;+´f}tfsf sltko o:tf a'Fbf xfd|f] ;+ljwfgsf] alv{nfkdf 5g\ . jf:tjdf /fhgLlts lglZrt ljifodf ljb]zL sfg'g of @_ Rastriya Prasaran grid
d"No–dfGotfsf ljifox¿ j}b]lzs lgb]l{ zsf nfu" x'g;Sg] g]kfnsf] k|rlnt company limited.
k|fjwfgsf] ;d]t alv{nfkdf 5g\ . jf:tjdf /fhgLlts d"No–dfGotfsf ljifox¿ j}b]lzs ;xof]usf ;xof]usf ;+´f}tfdf zt{sf ¿kdf /flvg' sfg'g d} ePsf] Joj:yf xf] . h:tf] ls "Transmission System
;+´f}tfdf zt{sf ¿kdf /flvg' cToGt} cfklQhgs s'/f xf] . xfdLn] ;a} ldq/fi6«x¿af6 ljsf; ;xof]u cToGt} cfklQhgs s'/f xf] . xfdLn] ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g @)^# sf] bkmf Development Plan of
lng'kg]{ x'G5 . t/, x/]s bftfn] o:tf ljsf; ;xof]usf ;+´f}tfdf cf–cfˆgf /fhgLlts / ;fdflhs ;a} ldq/fi6«x¿af6 ljsf; ;xof]u ^&n] bftfsf] ;xof]usf cfof]hgfdf Nepal. Page 25," July
d"No–dfGotfsf zt{ /fVg] / xfdLn] o:tf ;+´f}tf ;+;baf6 kfl/t ub}{ hfg] xf] eg] xfdL sxfF k'uf}+nf < lng'kg]{ x'G5 . t/, x/]s bftfn] o:tf ;fj{hlgs vl/b Joj:yf bftf s} lgod– 2 0 1 8 .
ljsf; ;xof]usf ;+´f}tfdf cf–cfˆgf sfg'gcg';f/ x'g] pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . To;} https://nepalindata.
xfd|f] /fhgLlts ;Dk|e'tfsf] s] cy{ /xnf < /fhgLlts / ;fdflhs d"No–dfGotfsf u/L 7]Ssf–k§f ljjfb eof] eg] s/f/df com/media/resources/items/15/
zt{ /fVg] / xfdLn] o:tf ;+´f}tf Joj:yf eP cg';f/ s'g} t]>f] b]zsf] bTransmission-System-
x'G5 . t/ Pd;L;L cg'bfg xsdf of] ;D´f}tfdf ;xL ul/;s]kl5 dfq of] kf; u/]/ g]kfnsf] sfg'g ;/xsf] dfGotf ;+;baf6 kfl/t ub}{ hfg] xf] eg] xfdL ;d]t sfg'gcg';f/ x'g;Sg] klg g]kfnsf] Development-Plan-of-
ljz'4 ljsf; ;xof]u dfq ePsf] eGg] d'2f ;fj{hlgs ax;sf] ljifo aGof] . lbg' kg]{ afWosf/L cj:yf cfOk/]sf] 5 . sxfF k'uf}n+ f < xfd|f] /fhgLlts ;Dk|et' fsf] k|rlnt sfg'gn] 5'6 lbPsf] 5 . o:tf Nepal. pdf.
sYo lgdf{0f ul/Psf], / s]xL xb;Dd :jefljs lx;fan] Pd;L;L cg'bfg of] tYonfO{ ;/sf/sf lhDd]jf/ dGqL s] cy{ /xnf < rfn' Pd;L;L ax;df b[i6fGt b]vfP/ g]kfnsf] sfg'gdfly x'g] #_ /fd]Zj/ vgfn M æcd]l/sf xfd|f]
g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts g]tT[ j of] e|dk"0f{ cd]l/sfsf] /fli6«o ;'/Iff /0fgLltsf] c+u tyf kbflwsf/Lx¿n] z'?b]lv g} tf]8d/f]8 of] dxTjk"0f{ / ljrf/0fLo d'2f xf] . / sltko xfd|f] ;+ljwfgdf pNn]lvt zq' eGg] 3fts syg lgdf{0f
sYoaf6 k|efljt ePsf] b]lvG5 . xf] . olb ca cd]l/sfsf] blIf0f Plzofsf ub}{ e|d km}nfPsf 5g\ . g]kfnsf] tfGhflgof, lgsf/fu'jf, dnflj, dfGotfsf] alv{nfkdf x'g] zt{ ;dfj]z gu/f} + – efu !Æ
cd]l/sfsf tkm{af6 eg] g]kfndf nflu s'g} gofF /0fgLlt aGof] eg] ;f] ;+;baf6 kf; ug{' k/]sf] sf/0fdf Pdl;P d8fuf:s/ h:tf d'ns ' df Pd;L;L ul/Psf] Pd;L;L ;D´f}tfsf] kIfdf k}/jL Setopati.Accessed June
Pd;L;L ;D´f}tf dfkm{t\ cfˆgf] k|efjsf] /0fgLlt nfu" ug{sf nflu klg Pd;L;L g]kfnn] g]kfnnfO{ lbg] Pdl;;L cg'bfg ;D´f}tfdf pNn]lvt ;Qf kl/jt{g of ug{' /fli6«o clxtsf] sk6k"0f{ sfd xf] . 1 4 ,
lj:tf/ ug]{ of]hgf cg';f/ g} a8f] ;D´f}tfdf ePsf k|fjwfgsf] pkof]u cd]l/sfsf] ;+;baf6 kf; ePsf]n] r'gfjL clgoldttfsf sf/0f b]vfP/ uDeL/ d'2f cfof]hgf sfof{Gjogsf 2020.htps://www.setopat.icom/opn
io
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s'zntfsf ;fy cl3 a9fPsf] b]lvG5 . x'g;S5 . Pd;L;L klxn] g} cfPsf] t/ kf:kfl/stfsf] cfwf/df Pdl;P g]kfnn] cd]l/sfn] PstkmL{ ?kdf ;D´f}tf nflu agfOPsf] æPdl;P g]kfnÆ eGg] $_ Millennium Challenge
k|;f/0f nfOgsf] cfof]hgf g]kfnn] dfu]sf] cfOkLP; kl5 cfPsf]n] s'g} ;DaGw klg ;+;baf6 kf; ug{' kg]{ egL ;/f;/ lgnDag of e+u u/]sf] cj:yf 5 .( lgsfo;Fu ;DalGwt 5 . g]kfnsf] cy{ Corporation. :
eGbf klg Pd;L;Lsf] cfˆgf ;f´]bf/ 5}g eGg' l;km{ …oflGqsÚ ts{ x'g hfG5 . ´"6 s'/f n]vs ] f] 5 .& jf:tljstf s] xf] 3fgfdf k|;f/0f nfOgsf] lghLs/0f dGqfno cGtu{tsf] of] lgsfosf] ultljlw "Millennium Challenge
b]zx¿aLr …qm;–af]8{/Ú k"jf{wf/nfO{ o:tf ts{df clN´g h?/L 5}g . xfd|f] eg] Pdl;;L af]8n { ] Pdl;;L cg'bfg Pd;L;Ln] eg]cg';f/sf] zt{df ug{ eg] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] clwgdf xf]Og Act of 2003." Accessed
k|fyldstf lbg] gLlt cg';f/ g]kfnnfO{ /fhgLlts g]tT[ jn] Pd;L;LnfO{ l;km{ ;DaGwL lg0f{o cd]l/sL ;+;bsf] j}bl] zs ;/sf/n] gdfGbf Pd;L;Ln] cg'bfg Pd;L;Lsf] v6g–k6gdf x'g] Joj:yf 5 . February 3, 2022.
…dfUg nufOPsf]Ú xf] .Æ ljsf;] cg'bfgsf ¿kdf dfq glnO{ ;DaGwaf/] s f] ;+ ; bLo ;ldltnfO{ lgnDag u/]sf] 5 .!) tL sf/0fsf] @)!( sf] sfof{Gjog ;D´f}tfsf] bkmf https://www.Pd;L;L .
Pd;L;L ;D´f}tfdf z'?s} r/0fdf o;df cGtlg{lxt cd]l/sfsf] /0fgLlts hfgsf/L lbg] Joj:yf 5, ;+;bsf] km'n cf}lrTosf af/]sf] s'/f 5'§,} t/ /fhgLlts @=( df Pdl;P – g]kfnn] ug]{ ;a}h;f] gov/resources/doc/millennium-
g]kfn r'ss ] f] 5 . Pd;L;L cGtu{tsf] :jfy{sf] klxrfg / uDeL/ n]vfhf]vf xfp;n] kf; u/]sf] xf]Og . To:t} ;a} / cfly{s dfldnfdf bftfn] bjfj lbg ultljlw cd] l /sfsf] Pd;L;Lsf] challenge-act-of-2003-
cd]l/sL cg'bfg ;xof]u cGo j}bl] zs u/L plrt lg0f{odf k'Ug'kg]{ cj:yf kIfsf] :jfldTjsf nflu of /fhgLlts ldNg] ;D´f}tf s'g} klg d'n'ssf] k"j;{ xdltdf x'gk' g]{ pNn]v 5 . cy{ amended.
cg'bfgeGbf leGg k|sl[ t xf] eGg] s'/fdf l;h{gf ePsf] 5 . cl:y/tfn] cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog l9nf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf / cfTdlg0fo{sf] clwsf/sf dGqfnocGtu{tsf] of] lgsfonfO{ g]kfn %_ Mawdsley, Emma."The
g]kfnsf] ;/sf/L ;+oGq vf;} rgfvf] g/x]sf] of] ;D´f}tfsf] kIf / ljkIfsf gxf];\ eGgsf nflu ;+;baf6 kf; ul/g' lx;fan] jf~5gLo x'bF g} . ;/sf/n] s'g} lgoGq0f ug{ g;Sg] k|fjwfg Millennium Challenge
:ki6 b]lvG5 . s'g} klg bftf b]zsf] j}bl] zs ax;df b'j} tkm{df s]xL e|d / clt/~hgf kg]{ ts{ agfj6L dfq x'g\ . w]/} b]zn] bf]xf]¥ofP/ lnPsf]n] g]kfnn] 5 . Pd;L;Lsf ;a} lg0f{oaf6 l;h{gf Account: Neo-Liberalism,
;xof]unfO{ ;f] b]zsf] k//fi6« ;DaGwsf] klg 5g\ . Pd;L;Lsf] kIfdf k}/jL ug]n { ] Pdl;;L ;+´f}tf ;+;baf6 kfl/t ug{' klg lng'k5{ eGg] ts{ lgs} ;txL x'g] bfloTj eg] g]kfn ;/sf/n] axg Poverty and Security1."
cf}hf/sf ?kdf klg a'‰g] ul/G5 . zlQm -h;df ;/sf/sf axfnjfnf / k"j{ kg]{ eGg] g]kfnsf] sfg'g dGqfnosf] /fo b]lvG5 . x/]s /fi6«x¿sf cGt/f{li6«o ug{k' g]{ 5 . Pdl;P– g]kfnsf] af]8d{ f /xg] Review of International
/fi6«x¿sf] xsdf t j}bl] zs ;xof]u /fli6«o dGqLx¿ tyf cGo kbflwsf/L ;d]t ;d]t ljjfb:kb aGg k'u]sf] 5 . ;DaGwsf cf–cfˆg} kl/j]z x'G5g\ . s'g} kb]g afx]ssf tLg ;b:osf] lgo'lQmdf Political Economy 14,
;'/Iff gLlt;Fu klg hf]l8Psf] x'G5 . t/ 5g\_ ;'?b]lv g} e|fds ;"rgf / sk6k"0f{ tTsfnLg cy{dGqL 1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{n] b]zsf] 3f]lift gLlt g} zlQm /fi6«sf] k|eT' j Pd;L;Lsf] k"j; { xdlt rflxg] Joj:yf no.3 (2007): 487-509.
Pd;L;L cg'bfg xsdf of] ljz'4 ljsf; JofVof cl3;f/]sf 5g\ . o;n] ubf{ cfd Pd;L;L ;+´f}tf ;xL ug{ hfg' klxn] lgDTofpg] x'G5 . Pd;L;L bf]xf]¥ofP/ 5 . bkmf @=( -h]_ df t c´ af]8s { f] ^_ /fd]Zj/ vgfn M æcd]l/sf xfd|f]
;xof]u dfq ePsf] eGg] sYo lgdf{0f hgdfg;df :jefljs cfzª\ s f ;+´f}tfsf] d;f}bf sfg'g dGqfnoaf6 lnPsf] egL g]kfndf lgs} rrf{df cWoIf / ;b:osf] x]/km]/ ug{k' bf{ ;d]t zq' eGg] 3fts syg lgdf{0f
ul/Psf] / s]xL xb;Dd g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts hGdfPsf] 5 . tyflk, cfnf]rgf ug]{ …lSnP/]G;Ú ePsf] x'g' kb{5 . Tof] a]nfdf NofOPsf] d+uf]lnof ;g\ !(() sf] Pd;L;Lsf] ;xdlt vf]lhPsf] 5 . o;sf] gu/f} + – efu !Æ
g]tT[ j of] e|dk"0f{ sYoaf6 k|efljt ePsf] kIfsf sltko sdhf]/ ts{n] ubf{ g} sfg'g dGqfnon] …;+;baf6 kfl/t b;sb]lv g} gf6f] ;}lgs u7aGwg;Fu ;Lwf cy{ nufpFbf Pdl;P – g]kfnsf] Setopati.Accessed June
b]lvG5 . cd]l/sfsf tkm{af6 eg] g]kfndf Pd;L;Lsf] k}/jL ug]x{ ¿n] cfnf]rgf gul/sg of] d;f}bf nfu" x'g g;Sg]Ú /fo ;}lgs ;f´]bf/Lsf] ultljlwdf ;+nUg af]8s { f] kb]g cWoIf x'g] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] 1 4 ,
Pd;L;L ;D´f}tf dfkm{t\ cfˆgf] k|efjsf] ug]s{ f ;a} ts{nfO{ …c;"lrt / cNk1fgLÚ lsg lbPg < ;+´f}tfdf ;xL u/] kl5 /x]sf] lyof] . sf];f]ef] tyf ckmuflg:tfgdf cy{ ;lrjsf] x]/km]/df ;d]t cd]l/sfsf] 2020.htps://www.setopat.icom/opn
io
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lj:tf/ ug]{ of]hgfcg';f/ g} a8f] s'zntfsf eGg] ;+1f lbg ;xh ePsf] 5 . dfq lsg o:tf] /fo lbof] < of] ljifodf cd]l/sL ;]gf;Fu} d+uf]lnofn] cfˆgf Pd;L;Lsf] ;xdlt rflxg] eGg];Dd &_ ldn]lgod Rofn]~h Psfp06 ljsf;
;fy cl3 a9fPsf] b]lvG5 . k|;f/0f nfOgsf] Pd;L;L ;D´f}tf ;+;baf6 kfl/t sfg'g dGqfnosf] sdhf]/L b]lvG5 . ;}lgs kl/rfng u/]sf] lyof] . ;g\ JofVof x'g;S5 . ;fdfGo lx;fan] klg ;ldlt æPd;L;L g]kfn sDKofS6
cfof]hgf g]kfnn] dfu]sf] eGbf klg eP/ nfu" x'bF f o;n] g]kfnsf] c;+nUg g]kfnsf] sfg'lg Joj:yf cg';f/ g]kfnsf] @)!@b]lv cf}krfl/s ?kdf g} gf6f]sf] pb]s nfUbf o:tf k|jwfg ePsf] ;DaGwL hfgsf/L, @)&^ df3 .
Pd;L;Lsf] cfˆgf ;f´]bf/ b]zx¿ aLr k//fi6« gLltdf ljrng Nofpg] s'/fsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @&( df tf]lsPsf ljifo …kf6{g/ d'ns ' Úsf] dfGotf kfPsf] 5 .!! ;D´f}tfdf cy{dGqL txsf] JolQmn] ;xL *_ sflGtk'/ b}lgs æPd;L;Laf/] ;+;bLo
…qm;–af]8/{ Ú k"jf{wf/nfO{ k|flydstf lbg] cfFsng ug{ ;lsG5 . t/ Pd;L;Lsf] of ;+´f}tfdf ;+;baf6 cg'df]bg ul/g' g]kfnsf] cj:yf d+uf]lnofsf] eGbf ug{' g]kfnsf] /fli6«o cl:dtf pk/sf] ;ldltdf 5nkmn x' g ' k g] {
gLlt cg';f/ g]kfnnfO{ …dfUg nufOPsf]Ú lj/f]wdf ;'lgg] s]xL ts{x¿ klg e|dk"0f{ kg]{ eg]/ n]lvPsf]df afx]s ljb]zL lgtfGt leGg 5 . blIf0f PlzofnL b]z uDeL/ c;+jb] glzntf xf] . To;}n] of] ;f+;bx¿sf] dfuÆ Accessed
xf] .! Pdl;;L cg'bfgsf nflu xfn 5g\ . h:tf] ls of] ;D´f}tf ;+;bn] kfl/t ;/sf/;Fusf ;+´f}tf ;+;baf6 cg'df]bg >Lnª\sfn] lsg Pd;L;L c:jLsf/ u¥of] s'/f p7\bf …of] t g]kfn ;/sf/ cGtu{t February 3, 2022.
5flgPsf] k|;f/0f nfOgsf] cfof]hgf ljZj u/]kl5 g]kfndf t'?Gt} cd]l/sL ;]gf g} ug]{ Joj:yf gePsf] / Pdl;;L ;+´f}tf eGg] g]kfnsf] nflu ;fGble{s ljifo s} lgsfo xf], lsg zª\sf <Ú eGg] h t t p s : / / e k a n t i p u r.
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+ sf] ;xof]udf ;g\ @)!%df tof/ cfOxfN5, k|;f/0f nfOgsf nflu clws/0f cg'df]bgsf nflu ;+;bdf btf{ ug{ g} xf] . To:t} Pd;L;L ;xof]usf nflu Pd;L;Lsf s]xL kIfw/x¿sf] ts{ jf:tjd} com/news/2020/06/25/159309501032621054h.tm.l
ul/Psf] k|;f/0f nfOg u'? of]hgfdf k/]sf] ul/g] hdLg Pd;L;Lsf] :jfldTjdf hfG5 gldNg] /fo ;+;b ;lrjfnosf clwsf/Lsf] ef/t klg of]Uo d'ns ' sf] ;"rLdf kb{5 s'l6n ts{ dfq xf] . (_ Center For Global
lyPg .@ eGg] s'/f ;xL xf]Og . a? Tolt ax;df /x]sf] ;dfrf/ klg 5 .* / %) s/f]8 cd]l/sL 8n/sf] cg'bfg To:t} @)!(sf] ;D´f}tfsf] bkmf Development.
Pdl;;L k|lqmofdf ;+nUg g]kfn gcfPsf] ;D´f}tfsf] Pp6f uDeL/ k|fjwfg Pd;L;L ;D´f}tfsf s]xL a'bF f % ef/ts} nflu klg cfsif{s /sd xf] . @=!! df rfvnfbf] s'/f s] 5 eg] Pdl;P "Cancellation of U.S. Aid
;/sf/sf Ps k"j{ ;lrjsf] egfO{ klg s] xf] eg] Pd;L;L cg'bfgaf6 ag]sf] jif{df ;lsg] xf]Og rL/sfn;Dd nfu" t/ ef/tdf Pd;L;L lsg k'ug] < s] – g]kfnn] o;sf sd{rf/L;Fu u/]sf] Leads to Blame Game in
æ;DalGwt d'ns ' n] cfˆgf] kfOknfOg k"jf{wf/ -k|;f/0f nfOg_sf] k|of]u cd]l/sfsf] x'g] s'/f ;g\ @)!&sf] d'n ;D´f}tf / ef/tsf] ;/sf/L ;+oGqn] Pd;L;L h:tf] ;D´f}tf, sG;N6\of06;Fu u/]sf] ;D´f}tf Nicaragua. "Accessed
;"rLaf6 lgsfn]sf] cfof]hgf xf]Og˜, xfj{8{ cfly{s tyf ;'/Iff clxtdf x'g gx'g] ;g\ @)!(sf] sfof{Gjog ;D´f}tfdf ;fj{ef}d;Qfdf g} cfFr cfpg] ;D´f}tf / sG6«ofS6/;Fu u/]sf] ;D´f}tfx¿ February 3, 2022.
ljZjljBfnosf cy{zf:qL 8\ofgL ;D´f}tfsf] k|jwfgdf 5 . k|;f/0f nfOg pNn]v 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] Pd;L;LnfO{ :jLsf/ unf{ < t/ Pd;L;Lsf ;fj{hlgs hfgsf/L gx'g] u/L uf]Ko /flvg] https://www.cgdev.org/article/cancellation-
/f]l8{snufotsf] 6f]nLn] agfPsf] …u|fy] h:tf] …lqml6sn OGk|mf:6«Sr/Ú sf] k|of]u of] af/]df k|Zg;d]t ;f]ws ] f] lyof] . o;sf] kIfw/x¿df of] ;DaGwdf vf;} ax; 5 . ljsf; cfof]hgf;Fu ;D´f}tf lsg us-aid- leads-blame-
8foUgf]l:6s 6'nÚ k|of]u u/]/ cfly{s j[l4sf] cd]l/sfsf] cfly{s / ;'/Iff lxtsf] cg'sn" pQ/df Pd;L;Ln] …cfof]hgfsf] k|efj ug]{ ?rL b]lvGg . olt / plt b]zn] uf]Ko /flvg' kg]{ < Pd;L;L ;D´f}tfsf game-nicaragua.
afwf c8\rg klxrfg ul/Psf] cfwf/df x'g] ul/dfq ug{ kfOg] eGg] k|fjwfg -Tof] d"NofªsgÚsf nflu ePsf] :ki6Ls/0f lnO;s] xfdLn] lsg glng] eGg] arsgf o:tf c:jefljs k|fjwfgn] :jefljs !)_ Center For Global
5fg]sf cfof]hgf dfq Pdl;;LcGtu{t klg rL/sfn;Dd /xg] zt{sf ¿kdf_ lbPsf] 5 . t/ of] k"0f{ ;"rgf xf]Og . z}nLsf] Psf]xf]/f] l9kL 5 . cfzª\sf hGdfPsf] 5 . Development. "MCC
sfof{Gjog ug]{ gLltÆ /x]sf] eGg] 5 .# jf:tj d} uDeL/ ljifo xf] . Pdl;;L d'n ;D´f}tfsf] #=& -u_df Pd;L;Ln] csf]{ Tolt rrf{df gcfPsf] ljifo dfly pNn]lvt cfklQhgs a'bF fx¿sf Terminates Mali
Pd;L;L cGt/utsf] cd]l/sL h:tfsf] t:t} kf; x'gk' 5{ eGb} k}/jL ub}{ v6fPsf JolQmnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfnsf] phf{ If]qsf] gLltut kl/jt{gdf cltl/Qm cGo a'bfFx¿ klg g]kfnsf] /fli6«o Compact. " Accessed
cg'bfg ;xof]u ;D´f}tfsf] dfWodaf6 cfPsf Ps hgf g]kfn ;/sf/sf k"j{ Pd;L;Laf6 lgld{ t k" j f{ w f/sf] Pd;L;Lsf] v6g–k6g xf] . Pd;L;Lsf] lxtdf /x]sf] af/]df ;fj{hlgs ax;df February 3, 2022.
5flgPsf ul/a b]zx¿sf] /fhgLlts, ;lrjn] o:tf] zt{ ;+´f}tfdf /x]sf] :jLsfb}{ k'g/fjnf]sg, d"Nofª\sg / lg/LIf0fsf zt{sf] ¿kdf ljB't lgodg P]g ;+;baf6 kof{Kt rrf{ ePsf] 5 . oL ;a} ljifox¿nfO{ https://www. cgdev.
cfly{ s / ;fdflhs k| 0 ffnLdfly To;sf] :kil6s/0fdf æcfk"mn] ;xof]u u/]sf] nflu rL/sfn;Dd a]/f]s6f]s kx'r F lbg' kfl/t u/L nfu" ePsf] cj:yf 5 . phf{ xfdLn] Ps7fpFdf hf]8/] x]¥of}+ eg] Pd;L;L org/blog/mcc-
cd] l /sfsf] k| e ' T j /fVg] tyf cfof]hgfaf6 ;[lht ;DklQ k|of]u u/]/ kg]{ jfWosf/L Joj:yf 5 . k|;f/0f ljsf; / Joj:yfkgsf j[xQ ljifo ;D´f}tf ljsf;sf] cfof]hgfsf nflu dfq terminates-mali-
gjpbf/jfbsf cfwf/e"t dfGotfnfO{ s'g} klg nfeu|fxL b]zn] cd]l/sL cy{tGq nfOgh:tf] ;'/Iffsf b[li6n] ;d]t ;d]l6Psf] csf]{ P]g ;+;bdf 5nkmnsf] xf]Og a? of] dxfzlQm /fi6« cd]l/sfn] compact.
zt{sf ?kdf nfb\g] dgzfo cd]l/sfsf] / ;'/Iff dfldnfdf xflg k'¥ofpg] sfd ;+ j ] b gzLn k" j f{ w f/df ljb] z LnfO{ qmddf 5 . gLltut ;'wf/sf] cfj/0fdf g]kfndf cfˆgf] e"/fhgLlts cfofd !!_ Ekuful, Cliff. "Ghana:
…ldlnlgod Rofn]Gh P]g @))#Úsf gu/f];\ eGg] pgLx¿sf] dg;fo a'l´G5Æ rL/sfn;Dd a]/f]s6f]s kx'r F x'g' pko'Qm g]kfnsf] ;du| phf{ If]qnfO{ lghLs/0f km/flsnf] agfpgsf] nflu cf}krfl/s ?kdf Following Termination of
k| f jwfgdf k| i 6 b] V g ;lsG5 . $ eg]sf 5g\ .^ xf]Og . crDdsf] s'/f s] eg] ;D´f}tfsf / pbf/Ls/0fsf] af6f]df nUg] Pd;L;Lsf] cGt/f{li6«o ;lGwsf] dfGotf x'g] u/L cToGt} Pds Agreement - Govt
Pdl;;Lsf] of] Joj:yfnfO{ klZrdf To:t} ljsf; cg'bfgsf] cfof]hgf rL/sfn;Dd /xg] cGo k|fjwfgsf af/]df p2]Zo b]lvG5 . oxL dgzfon] ljB't sk6L / rf]/ af6f]af6 o;nfO{ l5/fpg Draws Roadmap for Ecg to
hut s} s]xL k|f1 / ljsf; cWo]tfx¿n] ;D´f}tf lsg cGt/f{li6«o ;D´f}tf x'gk' g]{ eg] Pd;L;Lsf] hjfkm df}g 5 . n]vf / lgodg lgodfjnLdf lgodg cfof]usf] vf]lhPsf] Ps uDeL/ pkqmd xf] eGg] Take Over Power
ljZj a}s + / cfOPdPkmdfkm{t\ nfu" eGg] cfnf]rgf klg ;xL xf]Og . g]kfn km/kmf/s ;DaGwL ;D´f}tfsf s]xL a'bF f ;b:o …gjpbf/jfbÚsf] bz{gsf] cg'ofoL :ki6 ¿kdf a'l´G5 . of] ;D´f}tfsf Distribution Us Govt
ul/Psf] t/ ;+;f/e/ g} c;kmn dflgPsf] ;lGw P]g @)$&sf] bkmf ^ cg';f/ g]kfn ;do ;Ldf tf]s/] cfof]hgf ;lsP kl5 x'gk' g]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . phf{ h:tf] k]6af]nLsf s'/fx¿sf cltl/Qm ;doqmddf Cancels $190m
…gj–pbf/jfbÚsf] df]8n ] nfO{ ul/a / ;/sf/n] ;xL u/] s f ;a} ljb] z L klg /xg] k|fjwfg cGo ;D´f}tfdf klg cy{tGq / /fli6«o ;'/Iffsf lx;fan] ;d]t cd]l/sL kIfaf6 k|ToIf / ck|ToIf ?kdf Outstanding Balance.
åGåf]Q/ ;+:yfut Joj:yf aGb} u/]sf ;xof] u sf ;D´f} t f cGt/f{ l i6« o x'G5 . t/ of] afx]ssf uDeL/ k|sl[ tsf dxTjk"0f{ If]qdf s'g} Ps zlQm /fi6«sf] k|s6 ePsf cfzoaf6 klg o;sf] yk Ghanaian Times. October
b]zx¿df ;'?b]lv g} c´ s8fO{sf ;fy ;D´f}tfsf] dfGotf kfPsf] x'G5 . of] cgGtsfn;Dd /xg] zt{ /fVg' s'g} klg v6g–k6gdf sfg'g lgdf{0fb]lv uDeL/ k'li6 x'G5 . 24, 2019, sec. News.
nfg] cd]l/sL /0fgLltsf ?kdf cfnf]rgf ;DaGwdf Pd;L;L ;D´f}tf lsg lx;fan] pko'St 5}g . gLltut x]/km]/ x'g' s'g} klg lx;fan] g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts g]tT[ jn] of] d'2fnfO{ https://allafrica.
u/]sf] klg kfOG5 .% ;+;baf6 kfl/t ul/g' kg]{ eGg] d"n Pd;L;L ;D´f} t fsf zt{ x ¿ /fli6«o lxtdf x'bF g} . o;sf] kIfdf k}/jL ug]s { f e|dk"0f{ efiosf c o m / s t o r i e s /
To;}n] Pdl;;L k|lqmofdf g]kfn d'2f xf] . cGo j}bl] zs ;xof]usf ;D´f}tf cd]l/sfsf] ;x>fAbL r'gf}tL kl/of]hgf g]kfn ;/sf/n] c? bftfx¿;Fu cfwf/df ;Qf bfpk]rsf] ;fF3/' f] bfo/faf6 201910240470 . html.
k|jz ] ug{' k"j{ g} cg'bfg elgPsf] of] g]kfnsf] k|rlnt sfg'gsf] cwLgdf /xL -Pd;L;L_ P]g @))#sf k|jwfgcg';f/ u/]sf ;D´f}tf Pd;L;LeGbf s8f 5g\ xf]Og, j:t'ut tYo / ljZn]if0fdf 6]s/] –hgklqsf dfl;saf6
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sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf lgs6 ljBfyL{ ;+u7g clvn -
qmflGtsf/L_ bfr{'nf lhNnfsf] ( cf}+ lhNnf ;Ddn]gn] g/]z hf]zLsf] g]t[Tjdf
@# ;b:oLo lhNnf ;ldlt rog u/]sf] 5 . ;f]daf/ ;DkGg ;f] ;Dd]ngn]
jl/i7 ;flxTosf/, k|sfzs, n]vs l8h]naf6 rNg] ldn x'Gy] . b'Oh { gf nf7]n] JolQmjfbL ljDa / cfb]zfTds z}nLk|lt pgn] EofOg eg]5g\ . /f0ff, /fhf, ;fx'h:tf]
cWoIfdf g/]z hf]zL, pkfWoIfdf bLks 7u'Ggf, ;lrjdf 8Da/ hf]zL,
zfGtbf; dfgGw/sf] kf7s lyPF . e]6g\ ,] OlGhg …:6f6{Ú ug{k' Yof]{ . 7"nf] lkmQfjfn klg c;xdlt hgfPsf lyP . kf6L{ km'6g\ ' x'gk' g]{ lsg eGb} of] klg pxL …h'h' wf} t
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] f] OlGhg ljB'tLo e¥ofªh:t} ;'nn' ' ;k{em}+ x'Gy]g . ToxL+ a;]/ cfˆgf] kIf alnof] xf] lgÚ eGb}lyP .
3'DYof] . OlGhgsf] w'jfF pT;h{g x'g] Kjfndf agfpg' kYof]{ . km'6k] l5 t ToxfF leqsf nfdf] 5nkmnkl5 zfGtbf;n]
lunf;h:t} efF8f] /fv]kl5 lg:sg] cfjfh /fd|f dfG5] klg zq' eP/ uP eGb} lyP . ætkfO{n + ] olQ w]/} ;'Gg'eof] . Tolt w]/}
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grn]sf] yfxf kfpFy] . tL dfG5] . /dfOnf] 5nkmnn] d]/f] cg'xf/
;Gbe{x¿ ;Dem]/ xfF:b} ældnsf] /ftf] eof] xf]nf . /Qm ;~rf/ a9\of]
cfjfhn] ufpF vfcf},+ ufpF vfcf}+ xf]nf . d ! lbg a9L afFRg] ePF efOÆ
eg] e m} + nfu] s f] lyof] .Æ xfF:b} eg]y] . ætkfO{n + ] rf;f] /fVbf,
;x;lrjdf x]dGtL ;L / sf]iffWoIfdf ;Gtf]if ;L;lxt @# ;b:oLo lhNnf
lrtjgsf] o:t} k|;Ë plwg]sf kf7sn] dfof ubf{ ;Ddflgt, uf}/jflGjt
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lyP pgn] . eOG5 . afFRg] cfzf a9\5Æ To;a]nf
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d pgsf] lgjf;df k'Ubf eg] pgL uDeL/ d'bf| df lyP . d}n]
g]kfnsf] ;dfhjfbL z}lIfs cfGbf]ngsf] g]tT[ jnfO{ ;dfNg ;Sg] ljBfyL{ ;+u7g
j/k/ ;flxlTos kqklqsf /fhgLlts bf}8w"k / l5s]{ bfpsf] h'jfsf]
lgdf{0f ug{ ;a} sld6Ln] cf–cfˆgf] txdf v6\g'kg]{ atfPsf 5g\ . pgn]
5l/Psf lyP . pgL afn v]naf6 d'Qm ePem}+ cg'el" t u/]sf] lyPF .
clgn lj/xL ;L sf] z ] n Lsf ;Dkfbs / pgn] …;Demgfdf ef/tLo h]nÚ klxn] g}
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lsl;dsf] tof/Ldf h'6\g sld6Lx?nfO{ lgb]{zg ;d]t lbPsf 5g\ . ;fy} g]tf
lyPg . sflQs @* ut], ltxf/sf] dfrf] k|sfzs klg lyP . xfdL kl9;s]sf /x]5g\ .
;d/n] gjlgjf{lrt ;ldltnfO{ ;kmn sfo{sfnsf] z'esfdgf JoQm u/] .
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pQm ;Dd]ngdf cltlyx?df kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o sdn ;L, clvn -
;fdflhs ;~hfndf dfgGw/sf] d[To'sf] z}nLsf] 3/df lyof}+ . xfd|f] j/k/ ljb]zL t/ k|ltlqmof lbg plrt nfu]g . p7fP . dfwjs'df/ g]kfn ;/sf/df
qmflGtsf/L_ s]GbLo ;lrj k|sfz ;L, clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ dxfsfnL Ao'/f] OGrfh{
va/ /x]5 . Pp6f c;n cu|hsf] d[To' hfF8sf af]Qn lyPgg\ . …clnslt lng] dfgGw/nfO{ a'‰gdf tlNng lyPF . ePsf] ;dodf pkrf/ vr{ lbg
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' f ;lrj d'lQm ;Lnufot ljBfyL{x¿ ;xeflu /x]sf lyP .
cfkm}dF f b'Mvb\ / kL8fsf] ljifo lyof] . bfO ÛÚ eGg] cfw'lgs h08x¿ klg zfGtbf; afn–syfsf ;h{s x'g\ . vf]hs ] f /x]5g\ . ædh:tf ;a}n] kfpF5g\
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clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ sflnsf]6sf] cWoIfdf ;fu/ ;L
emf]5+ ,] cf]daxfn, h};Lb]jn sf7df8f}s F f ;flng efjdf cnk eOg\ . xfdL km]l/ dfof / ;dfgtfsf] Jojxf/ ug{k' 5{ . …/]Ú xf] . bfOn] lng' ePgÆ eg]5g\ . Pdfn]n] sf7df8f}F . clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ klZrd sflnsf]6sf] !$ cf}+ lhNnf
oL k'/fgf g]jf/ a:tLk|lt 5'§} cg'/fu 5 ulkmg yfNof}+ . nufP/ af]nfpF5g\ eGb} …d t aRrfnfO{ lbg] eg]sf] hgtfsf] lbg] t xf] eGg] ;Dd]ngn] ;fu/ ;Lsf] cWoIftfdf @! ;b:oLo gofF sfo{;ldlt lgjf{lrt
Åbodf . ljBfyL{ g]tf ;LkL bQ xfd|f] 5nkmn /fhgLltlt/ df]l8of] . tkfO{+ g} eG5'Ú pgL eGy] . To;kl5 d]/} pgsf] egfO{ lyof] . u/]sf] 5 . h;df pkfWoIf clgtf ;L, ;lrj g]q ;L, ;x;lrj dxfjL/ ;L
cf]daxfndf a:y] . d sf7df8f}F k'Ubf zfGtbf;n] g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf] v/Lkf6L ljifodf l6Kk0fL ug{ yfn] . æs]xL gu/f];,\ d]/f] k':tsfnodf zfGtbf;sf] nufot /x]sf 5g\ .
ToxL+ a:y]+ . ToxL j/k/af6 hgo'4df e]nfsf] k|;Ë kl:sP . snfsf/x¿, s]xL gn]vf];\ eg]/ zf;sx¿n] tkfO{n+ fO{ afnsyf 5 . Pp6f cÍdf …afn–;flxTo ;Dd]ngsf k|dv ' cltly g]skf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o lj/f6 ;Ln] ;Dd]ngnfO{
cu|h g]tf lbk]Gb| zdf{ / ;fyL ldng sljx¿ ljDadf af]N5g\ . ljDadf h]ndf xfn] . t/ h]ndf h]ns} ljifodf n]vg / k|fyldstfsf] s'/fÚ n]vdf eg]sf ;Djf]wg ub}{ PsLs[t hgqmflGtdf ljBfyL{x?sf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'g] atfP .
g] k fnL lu/ˆtf/ ePsf lyP . af]Ng]nfO{ lau|s ] f] 6]k /]s8{em}+ nDa]tfg n]lvlbg'eof] . n]vsnfO{ s;n] /f]Sg 5g\, æno hxfF klg x'G5, x'gk' 5{ . lx+8b\ f pgn] Pd;L;L tyf tdfd /fi6«3ftL ;lGw ;Demf}tfdf o'jf ljBfyL{x?n] g} ;+3if{
hgo'4sfndf of] a:tLn] xfdLnfO{ ;'/Iff af]Ng' kb}g{ . oGq dfgjn] em}+ ljDan] ;S5 <Æ pgL eGb} lyP . no ldn]g eg] lx+l8/x]sf] dfG5] n8\5 . ub}{ cfPsf] / km]l/ klg b]z / hgtfsf] d'lQmsf nflu ;+3if{ ul//xg'kg]{ atfP .
lbPsf] lyof] . dfgGw/ bfOsf] 3/ glhs cfkm}F af]N5 . æcgGtn] tkfO{x+ ¿nfO{ 5nkmnsf] d]nf]d;] f] lyPg . dgdf}hL no 5fl8 9nkn u/]/ lx+l8/x]sf] dfG5]n] ;Dd]ngsf cltly g]skfsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf sflnsf]6 lhNnf OGrfh{ anjfg
k'u/] kmf]g u/]+ . ljBfnosf] 5]pdf pleP/ …h'h' wf}Ú vfg] ;"rgf hf/L u/]sf /x]5g\ . bu'g{ ] :jtGqtf lyof] . pgn] @)@* ;fnsf] s'g} s'/fnfO{ l;nl;nf ldNg]u/L b]Vg ;Ln] ljBfyL{x?sf] sfFwdf km]l/ klg ;dfhjfbL qmflGtsf] lhDd]jf/L ylkPsf] atfP .
e]63f6sf] k|ltIffdf lyPF . ;]t} skfn, tkfO{x+ ¿ v'zL x'ge' P5 . h'h' wf} cyf{t\ Pp6f k|;Ë ;'gfP . To;lbg lrlgofF ;Sb}g . of] s'/f dgdf /fv]/ n]lvPsf
;]tf] sldh ;'?jfn nufPsf cu|h /fhf bxL, /fhf t v/fa xf] gL . b"tfjf;n] /fqLef]hsf] lgDtf] k7fPsf] sljtf jf k|:t'tL :jtM nofTds x'G5 .
zfGtbf; cfP . cl3Nnf] lbg ;do tkfO{+x¿nfO{ /fhf eg]/ km'sf{pg], /x]5 . pgL bf}/f–;'?jfnd} uP5g\ . efjfg'kf| ;n] ÅbonfO{ 5'G5, zAbfg'kf| ;n]
dfUbf ætkfO{+ sf7df8f}F aflx/af6 tkfO{x+ ¿ km'sg{ ] Û of] cfO:of];–\ uO:of];s
\ f] OGb|rf]ssf] lrg]hfg]sf] ;fx'n] …P, zfGtbf; sfgnfO{ ld7f] nfUg] agfpF5 .Æ zfGtbf;
cfpg'ePsf] dfG5], tkfO{s + } cg'sn" df ofqf stf sf] xf] <Æ xfF:b} pgn] eg]y] . s] u/]/ cfPsf], To:tf] klg xf]Ú eg]5g\ . bfOnfO{ e]6/] d kmls{PF . 8fo/Ldf Tof]
cfpg';\ gÆ eg]sf lyP . pgn] lblnk dxh{gsf] ljifodf s'/fsf] pgn] EofOg eg]5g\ . /f0ff, /fhf, ;fx'h:tf] lbgsf] l6kf]6 /fv]sf] /x]5' . To; lbg
enfs';f/L z'? eof] . dfgGw/ @)!@ kf]of] km'sfP . ælblnknfO{ dfS;{jfb x'gk' g]{ lsg eGb} of] klg pxL …h'h' wf} t km]l/ e]6g\ ] ;Nnfx u/]/ xfdL 5'l§Psf
;fndf klxnf] k6s lrtjgsf] k'/fgf] a'em]sf] 5}g egf}+ eg] alnbfg ug{ hf] xf] lgÚ eGb}lyP . lyof}+ . /fhgLlts sfdsf] r6f/f]n] e]6g\ ]
ufpF h'6kfgL k'us ] f /x]5g\ . To;a]nf kfof] ToxL hfFbg} . ga'em]sf] eGg ldn]g . 5nkmnsf] d]nf]d;] f] lyPg . dgdf}hL cj;/ ldn]sf] lyPg . k5'tf] nfu]sf]
sf7df8f}aF f6 lrtjg hfg] gf/fo0fu9– t/ k|r08lt/} lsg nfu]sf] xf]nf . ofd bu'g{ ] :jtGqtf lyof] . pgn] @)@* ;fnsf] 5, cu|hsf] ;Ddfg / cg'ejhGo 1fg
d'lUnª ;8s ag]sf] lyPg . eLdkm]bL– km]l/Pkl5 /f]u nfUg ;S5 . ofd km]l/of] Pp6f k|;Ë ;'gfP . To;lbg lrlgofF lng] cj;/ u'dfPF . g]kfnL ;flxTo tyf
x]6f}8+ f eP/ hfg'kYof]{ . pgn] To;a]nfsf g]tfx¿nfO{ /f]u nfu]sf] 5Æ pgn] b"tfjf;n] /fqLef]hsf] lgDtf] k7fPsf] ;+:s[ltsf] If]qdf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x
;Demgfx¿ km// ;'gfOxfn] . p;a]nf elgxfn] . /x]5 . pgL bf}/f–;'?jfnd} uP5g\ . u/]sf cu|h JolQmTjnfO{ zAb–
lrtjgdf ljB't lyPg . leqL dw];df d ;'gfpg xf]Og ;'Gg, cu|haf6 l;Sg] OGb|rf]ssf] lrg]hfg]sf] ;fx'n] …P, zfGtbf; >4f~hnL Û –hgklqsf cf7f}F cÍaf6 klZrd sflnsf]6 lhNnfsf ;]qm]6/L ;fx;L ;Ln] ;Dd]ng P]ltxfl;s
ePsf] atfP . ;Dd]ngsf ljz]if cltly tyf clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ sf s]Gb|Lo

jt{dfg /fli6«o ;+s6sf] ;dfwfg g]kfnL ljz]iftfsf] ;dfhjfb

sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] sf/0f b]z Oltxf;s} ;af{lws ;+s6df la/jn ;Ln] k|:t't u/]sf lyP . qmflGtsf/L sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ g]kfn
;b:o Pjd\ dWos0ff{nL Jo'/f] OGrfh{ t'n/fh ;Ln] ljBfyL{x?n] qmflGtsf]
afFsL sfo{ef/ k'/f ug]{ a]nf cfPsf] atfP .
;Dd]ngdf k"jL{ sflnsf]6 lhNnf ;]qm]6/L /d]z ;L, k|ltlglw ;ldlt
kf]ln6Ao"/f] ;b:o ;lGhj ;Ln] jt{dfg /x]sf]n] c;kmnl;4 bnfn ;+;bLo k| : t' t cjwf/0ff kqdf /fli6« o Ko"7fgsf OGrfh{ l6sf/fd kf}8]n, ;b:o ;du| ;Lnufotsf] cfltYotf /x]sf] lyof] .
/fli6«o ;+s6sf] ;dfwfg g]kfnL Joj:yf vf/]h u/L uf;, af;, skf;, :jfwLgtfsf] ;+s6cGtu{t ;g\ !*!% g]skf Pdfn] Ko"7fgsf k|ltlglw sfo{qmdsf] cWoIftf clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o wg/fh ;L n]
ljz]iftfsf] ;dfhjfb ePsf] atfPsf lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/, ;~rf/ / b]lvotf ljleGg ;dodf ef/t;Fu /fdrGb| s]=;L=, gful/s cleoGtf u/]sf lyP eg] sfo{qmddf ljBfyL{x?sf] pNn]lvo ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .
5g\ . g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ klZrd
n'lDjgL Jo"/f]cGtu{t k'jL{ Ko"7fgåf/f
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;'dg ;'jb] L, af; g]kfn lhNnf zfvf
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;dfwfg, ;dfhjfbL df]rf{ / g]kfnL lgb]z
{ s k|sfz vgfnnufotn] k|:t't g]kfn lkmtf{ ePsf 5g\ . tfdfaf6 lgld{t !^cf}+ ztfAbLsf] e}/jsf] d's0' 8f] tyf
ljz] i ftfsf] ;dfhjfbnufotsf cjwf/0ffkqdfly l6Kk0fL tyf ljrf/ !^cf}+ ztfAbLs} pdfdx]Zj/sf] k|:t/ d"lt{ / !&cf}+ ztfAbLsf] b'uf{sf] k|:t/
ljifox? ;d]l6Psf] lyof] . dGtJo /fv]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf d"lt{ a'waf/ k'/ftTj ljefunfO{ x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] xf] .
cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf af]Ng] g]skf klZrd Ko"7fgsf ;]qm]6/L e}/asf] b'O{ d's'08f] bf]nvfsf] led]Zj/ gu/kflnsf @ l:yt u'/sf]6
jQmfx?n] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ 6'6km'6 / kl/jt{g ;L, g]skf Ko"7fgsf k"jL{ 6f]naf6 @)%) ;fn kmfu'g @@ ut] rf]/L eP/ cd]l/sfsf] 8\ofnf; Do"lhod
ljefhgdfkm{t\ l5GgleGg ePsf]n] ;a} ;]qm]6/L tyf ljz]if sld6L ;b:o ckm cf6{ / ?ljg Do'lhod ckm cf6{df k'us ] f lyP . o:t}, pdfdx]Zj/sf]
jfdkGyL, b]zeQm tyf sDo'lgi6 s]zj ;Lnufotsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] d"lt{ kf6gsf] cf]djxfn kl/;/af6 ;g\ !(*) sf] bzsdf x/fPsf] lyof] eg]
kf6L{x? Pstfa4 x'gk' g]{ ;'emfj lbFb} lyof] . sfo{qmd g]skfsf s]lGb|o b'uf{sf] d"lt{ eQmk'/sf] xg'dfg3f6af6 rf]/L eP/ cd]l/sf k'u]sf lyP .
jt{dfg /fli6«o ;+s6sf] Psdfq ;b:o tyf Ko'7fg OGrfh{ hfu[lt Go"of]s{l:yt g]jfM u'yLsf] cfly{s ;xof]udf Go"of]s{sf] g]kfnL afl0fHo
;dfwfg eg]sf] bnfn k'FhLjfbL ;Lsf] cWoIftf, g]skf k"jL{ Ko"7fgsf b"tfjf;, cd]l/sfsf] Dofgx§g l8l:6«S6 c6gL{ clkm; Go"of]s,{ cd]l/sf 8nf;
rl/qsf] Joj:yf vf/]h u/L g]kfnL ;]qm]6/L d':sfg ;Lsf] ;Grfng / Do'lhod ckm cf6{ / ?lag Do'lhod ckm cf6{ nufot ;+:yfx?sf] kxndf
ljif] z tfsf] ;dfhjfb g} /x] s f] lhNnf ;lrjfno ;b:o pdf/fd ;Ln] tL d"lt{ / d's'08f] g]kfn NofOPsf] xf] . cd]l/sfaf6 k'/ftflTjs dxTjsf &@
ljifodf hf]8 lbPsf lyP . sfo{qmddf :jfut dGtJo /fv]sf lyP . yfg snfTds j:t' g]kfn NofO{;s]sf] ljefun] hgfPsf] 5 .

æjt{dfg /fli6«o ;+s6 / ;dfwfgÆ

ljifos cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf pgn]
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;xh} x'g] s'g} ;+efjgf 5}g . To;}n] cfhsf ;Gbe{df dxTjk"0f{ vf]hLsf] ljsf;sf] dfu ub}{ l;+xb/af/sf] 9f]sf ef/tLon] cfkm\gf]eGb} sAhf ug]u{ /]sf k'Tnf bxg u/]sf] 5 . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{lgs6 ;f] ;+u7gn] g]skfsf
xf]nf oxfFsf] zf;g ;Qfdf cfpg]x? ljifo ePsf] 5 . b]zsf lhDd]jf/ 9s9SofPsf] klg bzsf}+ ePsf] 5 . 5g\ . kl5Nnf jif{{x?df ef/tLon] dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Lsf] af/]df lbPsf] u}/lhDd]jf/ cleJolQmlj?4 ;f]daf/
;s];Dd ;Ldf ;d:of ;dfwfg bnx?n] o;tkm{ Wofg lbg'k5{ . t/ l;+xb/af/n] ;':tfaf;Lsf] /f]bg gf/fo0fLn] g]kfnL e"ld s6fg ug]u{ /L ;fFem 3f]/fxLsf] t'n;Lk'/ rf]sdf zfxLsf] k'Tnf bxg u/]sf] xf] .
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g]kfndf ;d]t sfd ug{ kfPsf 5}gg\ . afofF eg] s'g} lkn/ ufl8Psf] lyPg . k'Tnf bxg bfª;lxt b]ze/ ePsf] atfP . pgn] cfˆgf] kf6L{ / g]t[Tjsf]
h'g sfo{ xfn ;':tfjf;Lsf nflu lj?4 lbPsf] u}/lhDd]jf/ cleJolQmnfO{ tTsfn g;RofP To;af6 lg:sg]
nfO;]G; agfpg kfPsf 5}gg\ . a}s + vftf vf]Ng;d]t kfPsf 5}gg\ . xfn clezfk ag]sf] 5 . kl/0ffdsf] lhDd]jf/ lgh 1fg]Gb| zfxLn] lng'kg]{ pb\3f]if u/] .
g]kfn / ef/tsf] ;Ldf+sgsf ;/sf/ / g]skfaLr ePsf] tLg a'Fb] ;xdltnfO{ eË ug]{, c/fhstf
cfP/ klZrd gjnk/f;Lsf] ;':tfsf afl;Gbfn] ;/sf/n] tTsfn ;Ldf nflu ag]sf] ;+oQ ' m k|fljlws ;ldltn] dRrfpg] / b]znfO{ åGålt/ ws]Ng vf]Hg] 1fg]Gb| zfxLsf] gfËf] c/fhstf
;d:of ;dfwfg gu/] s]Gb| ;/sf/lj?4 cbfnt hfg] r]tfjgL;d]t lbPsf ;g\ @))& d} lå–b]zLo ;Ldfsf !*@ ePsf] ;+u7g cWoIf kbd ;Lsf] egfO lyof] .
:yfgsf] gS;f tof/ kf/]sf] elgPsf] df3 !# ut] /fk|kf g]kfnsf] cfˆgf] sfof{no rfaflxn sf7df8f}d+F f cfof]lht
5g\ . ;Ldf ;d:of ;dfwfg gx'bF f cfk"mx? ;w}eF /L ef/tLo ;'/IffsdL{sf] lyof] . sfnfkfgL / ;':tfnfO{ afFsL l;Gw'kfNrf]s ;Dks{ ;ldltsf] sfo{qmddf /fk|kf g]kfnsf k|jQmf tyf h'Dnf
/fv]/ cGo :yfgsf] ef}uf]lns ;"rgf lhNnfsf ;f+;b 1fg]Gb| zfxLn] g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf dxf;lrj ljKnj
bdg / x]kfO ;x]/ a:g'k/]sf] / hldg cltqmd0f eO/x]sf] eGb} pgLx?n] k4ltcg';f/ ;Ldf+gu/L l:6«k Dofk ;Lsf af/]df lbPsf] u}/lhDd]jf/ cleJolQmnfO{ t'?Gt} ;Rofpg / cleJolQm
;/sf/lj?4 ;jf]R{ r cbfntdf d'2f xfNg] tof/L u/]sf] ;dfrf/ aflx/ tof/ ePklg b'O{ b]zsf] /fhgLlts t'?Gt lkmtf{ lnP/ hgtfdfem dfkmL dfUg g]skfn] r]tfjgL lbPsf] 5 .
txdf oBlk x:tfIf/ x'g afFsL /x]sf] sf]0f;efsf] ;xhLs/0f ;+u7gsf pkfWoIf lzlz/ ;Ln] u/]sf lyP .
cfPsf] 5 . ;':tfjf;Lsf] ;fdfGo ljjfb;d]t ;'Nemfpg Wofg glbg]x?n] k"a{
d]rLb]lv klZrd dxfsfnL;Ddsf] ljjfb ;'Nemfpg] sNkgf;d]t ug{ g;lsg]
5 . ;':tf / sfnfkfgL If]qsf] ljjfb
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g;lsg] g]kfnL kIfsf] egfO/xg] sf7df8f}F . o'jf ;+u7g g]kfn t'n;Lk'/ gu/ sld6Lsf] cWoIfdf u0f]z
ePsf] 5 . ;':tfsf] ;w}F rx¥ofO/xg] 3fpdf slxn] dNxdk§L nufpg] u/]sf] 5 . sfnfkfgL If]qsf] ljjfb rGb lgjf{lrt ePsf 5g\ . a'waf/ g]skf lgs6 o'jf ;+u7g g]kfn t'n;Lk'/
emg ulxl/Fb} uPsf] 5 . g]kfnsf gu/sf] bf];f| ] ;Dd]ngn] rGbsf] g]tT[ jdf !& ;b:oLo gu/ sld6L lgjf{lrt
;/sf/ < sltko zf;sx?n] g]kfn / ef/tsf] u/]sf] xf] . h;sf] pkfWoIfdf k|lbk rf}w/L, ;lrjdf laho g]kfnL, ;x;lrjdf
ug]÷{ u/fpg] k|of; g} ub}g{ g\ . at{dfg gjnk/f;L -ab{3f6–;':tf klZrd_ ;'lg/x]sf] 5}g . :yfgLo gful/sx? hldg ;§fk§f u/]/ ldnfpg] s'/f gjLg kl/of/, sf]iffWoIfdf l/ofg hLjLnufot /x]sf 5g\ .
;/sf/ ;Qfdf cfPkl5 klg sf] ;':tf ufpFkflnsf–% sf] !$ xhf/ @)^@ ;fnaf6 ;' : tf arfcf} + p7fPsf 5g\ . ha g]kfns} 7"nf] ;Dd]ngnfO{ k|dv ' cltlysf] ?kdf g]skfsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o k|lbk ;Ln]
ef/ttkm{sf] ;Ldfsfaf/]df vf;} rf;f] %)) x]S6/ hldg ef/tn] cltqmd0f cleofg gfds ;+:yfdfkm{t\ ;+ul7t e"efu ef/ttkm{ kl/;s]sf] cj:yfdf ;Daf]wg ub}{ Pd;L;L k|fh ] S] 6dfkm{t\ g]kfndf cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb cfOk'us ] f]
lbPsf] b]lvPsf] 5}g . ;Ldfdf ;z:q ul/;s]sfn] g]kfnsf] gofF gS;fdf ePsf 5g\ / ef/tLo HofbtLlj?4 g]kfns} e"ld;Fu g]kfnsf] yk e"ld atfP . pgn] clxn];Dd s;}sf] u'nfd gePsf] d'ns ' , s;}sf] bf;tdf gafFrs] f
k|x/L kl/rfng ul/Pkl5 sltko ;':tfsf] If]qkmn :ki6?kdf pNn]v lg/Gt/ cfjfh p7fpFb} cfPsf 5g\ . ;§fk§f ubf{ efjL k':tfsf nflu xfdL g]kfnLx?nfO{ cd]l/sfn] bf; agfpFb} nu]sf] lhls/ u/] .
;Ldf :tDex?sf] dd{t / k'g:yf{kgf ug{ :yfgLon] dfu u/]sf 5g\ . ToxfFsf :yfgLojf;Ln] ;w} ef/tLo ;d:of emg\ hl6n x'g] cj:yf 5 .
pgn] eg] …ca g]kfnsf qmflGtsf/L o'jfx? cd]l/sfsf] bf;tdf afFRg] ls
ul/Psf ;dfrf/x? aflx/ cfP . Tof] ef/tn] cltqmd0f u/]sf e"efux?df gful/s / ;Ldf ;' / Iff an - hfgsf/x?sf cg';f/ u08s afFw
lab|fx] L aGg], /fOkmn af]Sg] < 5fGg] a]nf cfO;s]sf] 5 . xfdLn] /fOkmn af]Sg]
;Fu;Fu} g]kfnL gful/sx?n] cfkm\gf] ;Ldf+sg u/L h+u] lkn/ ;Ldf:tDe P;P;aL_ sf] HofbtL ;x]/ a:g'k/]sf] lgdf{0fsf nflu cfPsf ef/tLo >lds
;lbof}b+ l] v ef]urng ul/Psf] hldgg} sfod ug{k' g]{ ;':tf arfp cleofgsf cj:yf 5 . g]kfnLn] cfkm\gf] hUufdf cfkm\gf] sfd ;lsPkl5 ;':tfd} cfF6 u/]gf} eg] cd]l/sfn] of] d'n'snfO x]bf{x]b}{ o'qm]g agfpg]5 .Ú
ef/ttkm{ kfl/Psf]eGb} u'gf;f] u/]sf cleoGtfx?sf] dfu /x]sf] 5 . sl/a nufPsf] afnL;d]t /fd|/L :ofxfg{ a;]sfn] ToxfFsf] e"ld cltqmd0fn] ;Dd]ngdf z'esfdgf dGtJo /fVb} g]skfsf s]Gb|Lo k|ltlglw ;b:o tyf
;dfrf/ klg cfP . t/, To;km{ !( xhf/ $*) x]S6/ hldg lajflbt kfPsf 5}gg\ . ToxfFsf :yfgLon] v]tL tLj|tf kfPsf] xf] . gbL s6fgsf]
;/sf/sf] Wofgfsif{0f ePsf] b]lvPg . eGb} ef/tn] ;':tfjf;LnfO{ pkof]u nufpg] a]nfdf g]kfnLsf] hUufdf ljjfb ;'Nemfpg ag]sf] ;+oQ ' m ;Ldf
o:tf] cj:yfdf Ps;fy ut;ftf ug{ lbPsf] 5}g . afFsL /x]sf] sl/j ef/tLon] vghf]t ubf{ P;P;aLn] cfof]usf] k6s–k6ssf a}7sx?n]
Psflt/ k//fi6«dGqL PgkL ;fpbn] ;ft xhf/ x]S6/ dfq ;':tfjf;Ln] ;fylbg] t/ g]kfnsf ;'/IffsdL{n] klg ;xdlt ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ .
g]kfn—ef/t ;Ldf ;d:of ;dfwfgsf xfnsf] cj:yfdf ef]urng ub}c { fPsf a]jf:tf ug]{ sf?l0fs cj:yf klg @)@& ;fndf tTsfnLg ;':tf ufpF
nflu s"6gLlts kxn z'? eO;s]sf] 5g\ . g]kfndf /fhgLlts ;+qmd0f em]Ng'k/]sf] 5 . @)@( ;fn ;fpg k~rfot /x]sf] ;f] If]qdf gfkgS;f
atfpg' eof]eg] csf{lt/ g]kfnsf] /x]sf] @)^@–@)^$ sf] ;dofjwLdf gf}ut] tTsfnLg >L % sf] ;/sf/af6 ug{ uPsf g] k fnL sd{ r f/LnfO{
;' : tfsf afl;Gbfx?n] cfkm\ g f] ef/tn] ;':tf If]qdf a9L dfqfdf nfnk'hf{ kfPsfx?sf] hldg;d]t kqmfpu/L Psjif{;Dd ef/tsf] a]ltof
;d:ofdf Wofg glbPsf sf/0f s]Gb| cltqmd0f u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . s:tf] ef/tLon] x8\k]/ ef]urng u/]sf h]ndf /flvPsf] pbfxf/0f klg /x]sf]
;/sf/lj?4 ;8s cfGbf]ng / sfg"gL la8Dagf 5 eg] ToxfFsf hgtfn] xfn 5g\ . gf/fo0fL gbLsf] af9Lsf sf/0f 5 . xfn} ;fj{hlgs ePsf] Ps
pkrf/df hfg] of]hgf agfPsf] eGg] ef]urng ub}{ cfPsf] ;ft xhf/ x]S6/ g] k fnLx? tLg k6s ;' : tfaf6 tYof+scg';f/ ;':tfdf xfn tLg xhf/
s'/fx?sf] l6sfl6Kk0fL eof] . ut;ftf hldgsf] nfnk'hf{ ;d]t kfPsf lj:yflkt x'Fbf ef/tLox?n] df}sf !## hg;+Vof /x]sf] 5 . h;dWo] @(& /fKtL Ao'/f] sfof{no ;lrj ljsfz ;Ln] cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbn] g]kfnnfO{
!% ut] ef/tsf] &% cf}+ u0ftGq 5} g g\ . tTsfn gfkL gS;fu/L 5f]k]/ hUuf sAhf u/]sf 36gfx? hgfsf] dfq g]kfnL gful/stf /x]sf] o'4e"ld agfpg vf]hs ] fn] To;sf] k|lt/f]w ug{ o'jfx? Psk6s ;fd|fHojfbsf
lbj;sf] cj;/df sf7df8f} F d f hUufwgL k'hf{ ljt/0f ug{'kg]{df klg /x]sf 5g\ . @)^% ;fndf :yfgLosf] egfO{ 5 . ;':tfdf pd]/ lj?4 86]/ n8\g'kg]{ wf/0ff /fv] .
cfof]lht sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ ;/sf/L kIfn] Wofg glbPsf] b]lvPsf] P;P;aLsf] cf8df ef/tLox?n] k'lu;s]sf sl/a Ps xhf/ ^)) g]skf klZrd bfªsf ;lrj lgd{n ;Ln] g]kfnL o'jfx? Psk6s qmflGtdf
k//fi6« d GqL ;fpbn] k| w fgdGqL 5 . ;':tfdf @)@@ ;fnb]lv xfn;Dd %)÷^) j6f 6\ofS6/ k|of]u u/]/ hgfn] tTsfn gful/stf kfpg'kg]{ ;xefuL eO{ ;dfhjfbL Joj:yfsf nflu h'emf? 9+un] ;+ul7t x'g'kg]{ a]nf
k'iksdn bfxfn ef/t e|d0fdf uPsf lg/Gt/ a;f]af; /xFb} cfPsf] 5 . g]kfnLx?sf] afnL;lxtsf] g]kfnL e"ld cj:yf 5 . gful/stf gePsf cfPsf] atfP .
a]nf ef/tLo ;dsIfL g/]Gb| df]bL;Fu @)#$ ;fndf gf/fo0fL gbLdf cfPsf] sAhfu/]sf lyP . ;':tfjf;Ln] ;':tf sf/0fn] ToxfFsf :yfgLon] g]kfndf o:t} o'jf ;+u7g g]kfnsL /fKtL Ao'/f] OGrfh{ lhjgL ;Ln] clxn]sf]
;Ldf ;d:ofsfaf/] d f ePsf] af9Lsf sf/0f tTsfnLg ;' : tf arfcf}+ cleofg rnfPkl5 ptf ;d]t sfd ug{ kfPsf 5}gg\ . nfO;]G; /fhgLlts kl/l:ylt km]l/Psfn] qmflGtsf/L o'jfx? rgfvf] x'g]a]nf cfPsf]
;xdltcg';f/ ;dfwfgsf] kxn cl3 k~rfot -xfnsf] lajflbt elgPsf] ef/tsf] laxf/sf /dk'/jfjf;Ln] agfpg kfPsf 5}gg\ . a}+s vftf atfOg\ .
a9fOPsf] atfpg' ePsf] lyof] . dGqL !( xhf/ $*) x]S6/ If]qkmn hldg_ wg}of arfp cleofg ;~rfng u/]sf vf]Ng;d]t kfPsf 5}gg\ . xfn cfP/ sfo{qmddf ;a} hj;÷df]rf{sf] tkm{af6 z'esfdgf dGtJo JoQm ub}{
;fpbn] ;Ldf ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ubf{ df /x]sf gf}j6f ufpFsf hgtfnfO{ 5g\ . h;nfO{ P;P;aLn] k6s–k6s klZrd gjnk/f;Lsf] ;' : tfsf u0ftflGqs v]ns'b dxf;+3sf n'lDagL k|bz ] OGrfh{ ?b| ;Ln] g]kfnsf] bnfn
/fhgLlts ;xdlt x'g' kg]{;d]t klSnxjf / lqj]0fLnufotsf :yfgdf prfn]/ g]kfnLdfly cfqmd0f u/fpg] afl;Gbfn] ;/sf/n] tTsfn ;Ldf
k'FhLjfbL /fHoJoj:yfsf sf/0fn] nfvf}+ o'jfx? ef}tfl/g' k/]sf] atfP .
atfpg' ePsf] 5 . :yfgfGt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . g]kfn– u/]sf] 5 . ljjflbt eg]/ b'a} kIfn] ;d:of ;dfwfg gu/] s] G b|
g]tf ?b|n] ufF;, af;, skf;, lzIff, :jf:Yo / /f]huf/sf] Uof/]G6L x'g]
pxfFn] k|zf;lgs?kdf /x]sf] ef/taLr ePsf] u08s 5f8]sf] elgPsf] sgf}lhof 8fF8fb]lv ;/sf/lj?4 cbfnt hfg]
k|0ffnL lqmofzLn eO{ tYosf] cfwf/df ;Demf}tfcg';f/ ef/tn] lgdf{0f u/]sf blIf0ftkm{ s f] sl/a @)) la3f r]tfjgL;d]t lbPsf 5g\ . ;Ldf ;dfhjfbL Joj:yfsf nflu Psk6s o'jfx? PsLs[t hgqmflGtdf ;xefuL
b'j} b]zaLr ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu ;+/rgfsf sf/0f gf/fo0fL gbLsf] axfj hldgdf klg ef/tLox?s} cfFvf ;d:of ;dfwfg gx'bF f cfk"mx? ;w}eF /L x'g'kg]{ atfP .
s"6gLlts kxn rln/x]sf] v'nfzf kl/jt{g eO{ ;':tftkm{ s]lGb|t x'bF f u9]sf] 5 . ToxfFsf :yfgLosf nflu ef/tLo ;'/IffsdL{sf] bdg / x]kfO g]skfsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o k|lbk ;Lsf] k|dv ' cfltYotfdf ;DkGg ePsf]
klg ug'{ePsf] 5 . pxfFn] ef/tsf ;':tfjf;Ln] ;d:of ef]Ub} cfPsf g]kfnsf] ;/sf/n] lzIffsf];d]t ;x]/ a:g'k/]sf] / hldg cltqmd0f ;Dd]ngdf g]skfsf lhNnf ;]qm]6/L lgd{n ;L, kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo k|ltlglw ;b:o
ljb]zdGqLsf] ut k'; !( ut]sf] 5g\ . slt;Dd eg] ;':tfdf g]kfn / k|aGw ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . k|fylds eO/x]sf] eGb} pgLx?n] ;/sf/lj?4 ljsfz ;L, o'jf ;+u7g g]kfn /fKtL Ao'/f] OGrfh{ lhjgL ;L, g]skfsf t'n;Lk'/
g]kfn e|d0fsf] l;nl;nfdf klg ;Ldf ef/tsf] ;Ldf 5' 6 \ o fpg] s' g } txkl5 ToxfFsf afnaflnsf :s"n ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf d'2f xfNg] tof/L gu/ OGrfh{ e'jg ;L, u0ftflGqs v]ns'b dxf;+3 n'lDagLsf OGrfh{ ?b| ;L,
;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ k|lta4tf JoQm :tDex?;d]t 5}gg\ . hxfF ;8s, ?v 5f8\g afWo x'G5g\ . ToxfF lah'nL aQL u/]sf] ;dfrf/ aflx/ cfPsf] 5 . g]skf t'n;Lk'/sf ;]qm]6/L lzj ;L, o'jf ;+u7g g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ;'bz{g
ul/;s]sf] atfpg' ePsf] 5 . t/, / gbLnfO{ ;Ldf dfGg] ul/Psf] 5 . lbOPsf] 5} g . ;/sf/L ;':tfjf;Lsf] ;fdfGo ljjfb;d]t ;L, o'jf ;+u7g g]kfn klZrd bfªsf cWoIf cfsfz ;L, ls;fg dxf;+3sf
g t k|d bfxfnsf] ef/t e|d0fsf ToxfFsf :yfgLo afl;GbfnfO{ cfkm\g} clen]vcg';f/ ;g\ !*!^ sf] ;'uf}nL ;' N emfpg Wofg glbg] x ?n] k" a { s]Gb|Lo ;b:o laho ;L, hgkqsf/ ;+u7g g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o x]dGt
qmddf ;Ldf ;d:ofaf/] ePsf] j8f sfof{no, ufpFkflnsf sfof{no ;lGw ubf{ gjnk/f;Lsf] gf/fo0fL gbL d]rLb]lv klZrd dxfsfnL;Ddsf] k|sfz cf]nL, g]skf klZrd bfªsf lhNnf ;b:ox? e/t ;L, k|lt/f]w ;L,
;xdltsf tYout a'bF fx? ;fa{hlgs tyf g]kfnL e"lddf k'Ugsf nflu klg k"j{sf] efu ef/t / klZrdsf] efu ljjfb ;'Nemfpg] sNkgf;d]t ug{ dgf]h ;L, sdnf ;L, wtL{ ;L, gjLg ;L nufotsf] cfltYotf /x]sf] lyof] .
ePsf 5g\, g hoz+s/sf] g]kfn ef/tsf] af6f] k|of]u ug'k{ g]{ cj:yf g]kfndf kg]{ elgPsf] lyof] . gf/fo0fL g;lsg] ePsf] 5 . ;':tfsf] ;w}F o'jf ;+u7g g]kfn klZrd bfªsf cWoIf cfsfz ;Lsf] :jfut dGtJoaf6
e|d0fsf qmddf ;Ldfaf/] 5nkmn 5 . gf/fo0fL gbLdf ;fdfGo emf]n'+u] gbLn] @$ lsld g]kfn–ef/t ;Ldf rx¥ofO/xg] 3fpdf slxn] dNxdk§L ;'? ePsf] ;Dd]ngsf] cWoIftf u0f]z rGbn] u/]sf lyP eg] ;Dd]ngsf]
ePsf] s;}nfO{ yfxf 5 . To;}n] k'n;d]t gePsf sf/0fn] 8'+ufsf] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] lyof] . ;doqmddf ;f] nufpg] ;/sf/ < ;+rfng g]tf s[i0f ;Ln] u/]sf lyP . –x]dGt k|sfz cf]nL
 8 sf= lh= k|= sf= b= g+= !^#÷@)^#÷^$ @)*) ;fn df3 @! ut] cfOtaf/

‘pTkfbgdfkmt{ \ g]kfnL hgtfsf tdfd ;d:of xn ug{k' 5{’ g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts ;+s6sf] lgsf; g]kfnL ljz]iftfsf] ;dfhjfb
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf pBf]u pb\3f6g sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg gu/kflnsfsf gu/ k|dv ' cho yfkfn] sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf lgsf; g]kfnL ljz]iftfsf] ;dfhjfbaf6 ePsf] atfpFb} eg]– …cbfnt /fHosf]
dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Ln] pTkfbgdfkm{t\ ub}{ pgn] ;f] s'/f atfPsf x'g\ . kf6L{sf] pTkfbg gLltn] cfk"m k|efljt k|jQmf k|sf08 ;Ln] g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts dfq x'g] atfP . c+u xf], /fHosf] xf]n g]tT[ j ;/sf/n]
g]kfnL hgtfsf tdfd ;d:of xn ug{k' g]{ dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Ln] pTkfbg ePsf] atfPsf lyP . ljho ;Lsf] ;+s6sf] lgsf; g]kfnL ljz]iftfsf] k|jQmf k|sf08 ;Ln] cGtjf{tf{sf] u5{, ;/sf/sf] lg0f{o cbfntn] dfGg'
atfPsf 5g\ . ;f] kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo pTkfbg k|0ffnLdfkm{t\ j}bl] zs /f]huf/Lsf b/ cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng ;dfhjfbaf6 dfq x'g] 7f]sj' f u/]sf qmddf g]skfsf] cbfnt g]kfnL hgtf k5{ . sf7df8f}F lhNnf cbfntn]
lbg]z ;Ln] u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf 5g\ . a'wjf/ PkL jfg 6]lnlehgnfO{ dfq ePsf] eGb} j'hj'{ f ;+;bjfbL lg0f{o gdfg]/ # a'Fb] ;xdltsf]
k|lzIfssf] ?kdf ;lGbk ;fksf]6f / pNn+3g u¥of] .Ú
k|sfz clwsf/L /x]sf lyP . k|jQmf k|sf08 ;Ln] k|Zg ub}{ eg]–
g]skf s]Gb|Lo pTkfbg ljefuåf/f …# a'Fb] ;xdlt gb]Vg] cbfntsf
df3 !@ b]lv ;~rfng ul/Psf] GofofwLzx? s] cGwf 5g\ < …# a'Fb]
tflnd !^ ut];Dd kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo ;xdltsf] gf]l6; ls t cbfntn]
sfo{nodf slknj:tdf ;~rfng ;/sf/;Fu dfUg' k¥of] ls t ;/sf/n]
ul/Psf] lyof]] . pQm sfo{qmddf cbfntnfO{ lbg'k¥of] . t/ pNn+3g
;xefuL k|lzIffyL{x?nfO{ k|df0fkq / u/]/ kqmfp k'hL{ hf/L ug{ kfOFbg} .ÚÚ
k|lzIfsx?nfO{ ;Ddfg kq tyf o;}u/L, k|jQmf k|sf08 ;Ln] g]kfn
dfofsf] lrgf] k|bfg ul/of] lyof]] . sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ / g]t[Tjsf] lj?4
sfo{qmdsf ljlzi6 cltly gu/ 1fg]Gb| zfxLnfO{ gaf]Ng / jf]ns ] f] s'/f
k|d'v cho yfkfnfO{ ;f]xL 7fpFdf ;Rrfpg g]skfn] cfu|x u/]sf] eGb}
ljefuåf/f slknj:t' ;~rflnt 36fpg kxn ug{k' g]{ eGb} /fHosf] pTkfbg ul/Psf] pkxf/ lkmg]n, # a'bF ] ;xdltsf] lvnfddf sf]xL klg
Joj;flos of]hg;lxtsf] ;Lk ljsf; gLltn] ;dfwfg vf]Hg'kg]d{ f hf]8 lbP . xflk{s, XofG8jf;, l8;jf;, sf]lng hfg gkfpg] r]tfjgL lbP .
tflnd sfo{qmdsf] ;dfkg;lxt ;L pQm sfo{ q mddf lzj/fh k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof]] . k|jQmf k|sf08 ;Ln] b]znfO{
åGålt/ ws]Ng / km]l/ kl/jt{gsf

‘qmflGt ;DkGg ug{ klxnf lbdfunfO{ ;z:q agfpg'k5{’

sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf clgjfo{ af]Sg' kg]{ atfP . ljrf/df ;L, s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf bf]nvf lhNnf
lbPsf] cGt/jftf{dfkm{t\ pgn] ;f]
7f]sj' f u/]sf x'g\ .
k| j Qmf k| s f08n] hgo' 4 /
Joj:yfsf] cbfntsf] cfb]z g]kfn
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n] gdfGg] r]tfjgL
lbP . pgn] # a'bF ] ;xdlt pNn+3g
lj?4 hfg] zlQmx?n] # a'Fb] ;xdlt
lj?4 af]Ng] u/]sf] 7f]sj' f u/] . pgn]
Pdfn] / sf+ u | ; ] n ufotsf ;a}
zlQmnfO{ ;dfhjfbL df]rf{df cfpg
kf]ln6Ao'/f] ;b:o e]if/fh ;Ln] qmflGt kl/kSj ePkl5 dfq} kl/kSj g]tf OGrfh{ ch{g' ;L, lzv/ lyP . hgcfGbf]ngsf] dd{lj?4 clxn] ;+;bjfbL u/]/ sf7df8f}F lhNnf cbfntn] hf/L cfu|x ub}{ b]z ajf{bLsf] lbzfaf6
;DkGg ug{sf nflu klxnf lbdfunfO{ aGg ;Sg] cGoyf nIo ge]l6g] eGb} ;f] sfo{qmdsf] cWoIftf kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo zlQm guPsf] eGb} of] /fhgLlts ;+s6sf] u/]sf] cfb]z b]z / hgtfsf lj?4 arfpg clkn u/] .
;z:q agfpg' kg]{ atfPsf 5g\ .

jt{dfg ;+s6sf] ;dfwfg g]kfnL ljz]iftfsf] ;dfhjfb

g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ k"jL{ tfD;flnª
Ao'/f]df ePsf] kfFr lbg] sDo'lg:6
:s'lnª ;dfkg sfo{qmddf pgn] ;f]
s'/f atfPsf x'g\ . df3 !@ ut]bl] v sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf ;f] 7f]sj' f u/]sf x'g\ . laleGg /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx?n] klg
;+rfng ePsf] kfFr lbg] sDo'lg:6 kf]ln6Ao'/f] ;b:o cfwf/ ;Ln] clxn]sf] /fHo g]tf cfwf/ ;Ln] jt{dfg ;+;bLo ;Daf]wg u/]sf lyP . pgLx¿n]
:s'lnª ;dfkg sfo{qmdsf k|d'v
cltly;d]t /x]sf s]Gb|Lo :s'n
ljefusf k|dv ' e]if/fh ;Ln] x/]s
l;4fGtnfO{ sDo'lg:6 Jojxf/df k/LIf0f o; dfldnfdf uDeL/ aGg :s'ndf ;b:o tyf Ao'/f] OGrfh{ ljsNk ;Ln]
u/]/ dfq k|dfl0ft x'g] atfP . ;xefuL ;a}nfO{ lgb]z { g u/] . u/]sf lyP . ;dfkg sfo{qmddf Ao'/f]
lbdfunfO{ ;z:q gafP;Dd qmflGt sfo{qmddf cltlyx? s]Gb|Lo :s'lnª OGrfh{ ljsNk ;Ln] k|lzIfsx?nfO{
;DkGg x'g gSg] ;d]t 7f]sj' f u/] . ljefu ;b:ox? kf6L{sf kf]ln6 Ao'/f] k"mndfnf / wGojfbkq ;Ddfg;lxt
lg/Gt/tf qmflGtsf/L aGg] eg] s'/f ;b:o c;n ;L, kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo ;b:o labfO{ u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmdsf] ;+rfng
ljrf/ljgf ;Dej gx'g] / qmflGtsf/L k|of; ;L, kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo ;b:o lty{ ;L, kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf sfe|] lhNnf
Jojxf/sf] lglDt qmflGtsf/L ljrf/ s]Gb|Lo ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldlt ;b:o ofbj OGrfh{ laGb' ;Ln] u/]sL lyOg\ .
b]znfO{===== lqmoflzn 5 . jt{dfg cj:yfdf bnfn k'h
F Ljfbsf] cGTo u/L g]kfnL laz]iftfsf]
qmflGtsf/L 6«]8 o'lgog dxf;+3sf] k'h
F LjfbL ;+;bLo Joj:yfn] /fi6« / g]kfnL ;dghjfbdf hfg'sf] ljsNk 5}g .Ú
s]Gb|Lo k|lzIf0fnfO{ kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo hgtfsf] hLjgdf k}bf u/]sf] r/d ;Í6sf] pgn] cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] ;}Go
sfof{no slknj:t'df ;Daf]wg ub}{ ;dfwfgfy{ j}slNks /fhgLlts sfo{qmd cv8f / k/]8 v]Ng] b]z g]kfn s'g}
pgn] ;f] s'/f atfPsf x'g\ . k|:t't u/L lqmoflzn e} /x]sf] j}slNks klg xfntdf x'g g;Sg] r]tfjgL lbFb}
dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Ln] b]zdf sDo'lg:6 qmflGtsf/L zlQm xf] . ;fd|fHojfbL x:tIf]k / bnfn k'h F Ljfbsf
/fhg}lts ;+s6 cfPsf]n] To;sf] #= ;fd|fHojfb / of] b]zsf gfËf lj?4 ;a}nfO{ ;+3if{sf] df]rf{df cfpg
g]t[Tj qmflGtsf/Lx?n] gu/] b]z bnfnx? # a'Fb] ;xdltnfO{ eË u/]/ clkn;d]t ul/g .
;fd|fHojfbsf] r+u'ndf hfg] / xfd|f] b]zdf czflGt / åGå dRrfpg rfxG5g\ . pQm cGt/lqmof sfo{ q mddf ;Qfdf b]lvPsf ;+s6sf] ;dfwfg ug{ g]kfnL Joj:yfsf] sf/0f g]kfnL /fhgLlt ;Daf]wgsf qmddf b]zsf] /fhgLlts
/fi6« emg\ aaf{b x'g] ePsf]n] b]znfO{ xfd|f] kf6L{;Fu # a'Fb] ;xdlt u/]sf] em08} cjwf/0ffkq jfrg;lxt cfˆgf] wf/0ff ljz]iftfsf] ;dfhjfb cfjZos /x]sf] 7f]sj' f c:tJo:t ag]sf] atfpFb} eg]–æclxn]sf] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug{sf nflu Psrf]l6
To;f] x'gaf6 hf]ufpg' kg]{ atfP . # jif{{ k'Ug nfUbf klg /fHon] To;sf] /fVb} g]skf pQ/ afFs]sf OGrfh{ u/]sf 5g\ . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ s}nfnLn] ;Qf s]an bnfnx?sf] xftdf 5 h;sf ;a} bnx? ;fFem ;xdltn] cufl8
pgn] qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6 jfdkGyL sfof{Gjog gug{' / ug{ glbg' o;sf] /0flbkn] casf] /fHosf] ;+s6sf] cfOtaf/ cfof]hgf u/]sf]Újt{dfg /fhgLlts sf/0f hgtfn] lbgk|ltlbg ;a} If]qdf a9\ g ' k g] { hf] 8 lbP . cGt/s[ o f
kIfw/ ;Rrf nf]stGqjfbLx?nfO{ csf6\o k|df0f xf] . dª\l;/ !) ut] cfb]z ;dfwfg g]kfnL ljz]iftfsf] ;dfhjfb ;+s6 / o;sf] ;dfwfg pkfoÚ ljifos ;f:tL v]Kg k/]sf] 5 .Æ sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng g]skf ;]tL Ao'/f]
Pstfa4 u/]/ qmflGtsf/L 9+uaf6 u/]/ !* ut] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] sf7df8f}F ePsf] 7f]sj' f u/]sf lyP . cGt/lqmof sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ pgn] pQm cGt/lqmof sfo{qmdnfO{ sfof{no ;lrj lg/s ;Ln] u/]sf lyP .
/fi6«nfO{ cu|udglt/ lng'kg]{ atfP . lhNnf cbfntsf] kqmfp k'hL{sf] cfb]z pQm sfo{qmddf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL
dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Ln] g]kfndf
qmflGtsf/L sDo'lgi6nfO{ Ps x'g glbg]
if8\oGq ;'? ePsf]n] qmflGtsf/L
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?aLr ;xdlt /
# a'Fb] ;xdlt eË ug]{ if8oGqsf]
kl5Nnf] s8L xf] . h;sf] kf6L{n] ;zQm
k|ltjfb ul//fv]sf] 5 .
$= …ljKnjnfO{ kqmfp k'hL{ hf/L
s]Gb|_, g]skf Pdfn], g]skf -P;_ zlxb
kl/jf/, gful/s pGd'lQm kf6L{sf
k|dv' x?n] g]kfnL ljz]iftfsf] ;dfhjfb
ckl/xfo{ ePsf] / o;sf] g]t[Tj
lr;f] df};ddf d'6n' ufot :jf:Yo ;d:ofjf6 aRg
tfnd]n ub}{ b]znfO{ d'Qm ug{'sf]
ljsNk g/x]sf] ;d]t atfP .
ePsf] xf] ls xf]Og <, ltgnfO{ kqmfp
ug]{ ls gug]{ of] b]zdf <, sfg'g ;a}sf
kxnstf{ ljKnjn] ug{' kg]{ wf/0ff
/fv]sf lyP
Ø lr;f]df Gofgf] sk8f nufP/ dfq aflx/ lg:sf},+
/fli6«o ;Dd]ng tf]lsPsf] ;dodf nflu a/fa/ xf] ls xf]Og <, s] of] afFs] lhNnf ;]qm]6/] L sNkgf ;Lsf]
ug{, To;sf] tof/L :j?k kf6L{
e"uf]nsf] :s'lnª / k|lzIf0f ;s]nuQ}
g]kfnLn] agfPsf] sfg'g xf] <, kqmfp k'hL{ cWoIftf kf]ln6Ao'/f] ;b:o aGw' ;Lsf] Ø w'dk| fg, dBkfg gu/f},F
cfPsf] dfG5] k|wfgdGqL;Fu ldl6ª ub}{ k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGg pQm
hj;sf] k|lzIf0f ;'? ePsf] atfOPsf]
5 . h;cg';f/ z'qmaf/ clvn g]kfn
lxF8]sf 5g\ .Ú eGg] 1fg]Gb| zfxLsf]
cleAolQm # a'Fb] ;xdlt eË ug]{,
sfo{qmddf cltly g]skf s]Gb|Lo
;b:o Pjd\ afFs] lhNnf OGrfh{
Ø ?3fvf]sL nfUgaf6 arf},F
qmflGtsf/L 6«]8 o'lgog dxf;+3sf] c/fhstf dRrfpg], b]znfO{ åGålt/ /0flbknufot /x]sf lyP .
k|lzIf0f ePsf] xf] .
Zofd ;Lsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf]
ws]Ng] / jt{dfg ;Í6u|:t cj:yfaf6 Pd;L;L===== Ø lrNnf] tyf jf];f]oQ' m vfg]s/' f ;s];Dd gvfcf},F
b]znfO{ g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;dfhjfbL
^@ ca{ k};f b]vfP/ ;8s ljB'ts \ f
s]Gb|Lo k|lzIf0f hglk|o kf6L{ g]kfn
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf dxf;lrj ljKnj
Aoj:yfdf nu]/ qmflGtsf/L ;dfwfg
lbgaf6 /f]Sg] 1fg]Gb| zfxLsf] gfËf] bnfn, s'/f u/]/ lj:tf/} g]kfnL hgtfdfly Ø zfl//Ls JofodnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbcf},+
;Lsf] k|d'v cfltYotf /x]sf] lyof] . c/fhs, åGålkkfz' / k| l tufdL r/fnfO{ 8f]sf]df y'g] h:t} ug]{ 5 .Ú
sfo{qmddf kf6L{ :yfoL sld6L ;b:o
tyf dhb'/ ˆ|ofS;g OGrfh{ lzn'
cleJolQm ePsf] 7x/ ub},{ o;nfO{ t'?Gt} pgn] Pd;L;L vf/]h ug{'sf]
ljsNk gePsf] atfpFb} Pd;L;L
Ø bd, Åbo /f]u, df]6f]kg, sf]n:] 6«fn] , /Qmrfk, dw'dx] h:tf
lkmtf{ lnP/ cfdhgtfdfem dfkmL dfUg
g]kfnaf6 vf/]h geP;Dd o'jf
;L, kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ljho ;L,
s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ;'zLn ;L, ldgf ;Lsf]
1fg]Gb| zfxLnfO{ xfd|f] kf6L{ s8f r]tfjgL
lbg rfxG5 . olb kf6L{ / g]t[Tjsf ljBfyL{x?sf] cfGbf]ng hf/L /xg] ;d:of ePsf JolQmn] ;do ;dodf :jf:Yo k/LIf0f u/f},+
pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . k|lzIf0f r]tfjgL;d]t lbOg\ .
sfo{qmdsf] ;+rfng dxf;+3sf s]Gb|Lo
dxf;lrj 6]s ;Ln] u/]sf lyP .
lj?4sf] ljif jdg ;RrfOPg eg]
To;af6 lg:sg] uDeL/ kl/0ffdsf] :yfoL ;ldlt ;b:o lzn' ;Ln]
g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ ljsf; lj/f]wL
hf8f]sf] hf]lvdaf6 cfk"m klg arf}+ / c¿nfO{ klg arfcf}+ .
lhDd]jf/ lgh 1fg]Gb| zfxLg} x'g] s'/f
1fg]Gb|=====
;+rfng ul//x]sf] kf6L{ xf] . PsLs[t ;d]t xfd|f] kf6L{ :ki6 ub{5 . gePsf] k|i6 kfb}{ g]kfndfly ;}Go
%= kf6L{ k|jQmf / ;f+;b eP/ xfd|f] cv8f /fVg] / rLg 3]g]{ /0fgLltdf
hgqmflGts} qmddf s]kL cf]nL ;/sf/n] NofOPsf] Pd;L;Lsf] ljsf; g]skfnfO{
@)&% df3 @* ut] k|ltjGwsf] cfj/0fdf kf6L{ / g]t[Tjsf lj?4 1fg]Gb| zfxLn]
lbPsf] u}/lhDd]jf/ cleJolQmnfO{ t'?Gt} :jLsf/] gePsf] bf]xf]¥ofOg .
bdgrqm rnfO{kl5 @ jif{{ To;sf lj?4 pQm sfo{ q mddf g] s kfsf
;Rrfpg nufpg ;DjlGwt kf6L{ / g] k fn ;/sf/

lj1fkg af]8{
b[9tfsf ;fy ;zQm / ;z:q k|lt/f]wu/L pkTosf Jo"/f] OGrfh{ s[lt ;L, o'jf
k|ltaGwnfO{ w'nf] r6fPkl5 tTsflng g]t[Tjaf6 xfd|f] kf6L{ ck]Iff ub{5 .Ú
;+u7g g]kfnsf cWoIf kf6g h+unL,
s]kL cf]nL ;/sf/;Fu jftf{ eO{ @)&& oxL===== clvn -qmflGtsf/L_sf cWoIf k|sfz
kmfu'g @! ut] P]ltxfl;s # a'Fb] ;xdlt gq g]kfn cd]l/sLx?sf] k/]8 v]Ng] b]z ;L, pkfWoIf g/]Gb| ;Lnufotsf g]tf,
u/]sf] kf6L{ xf] . # a'bF ] ;xdltsf] dd{ x'g5
] . /fli6«o :jfwLgtfsf] /Iff / sfo{ s tf{ / :yfgLo hgtfsf]
cg';f/ xfd|f] kf6L{ /fli6«o /fhgLltdf g]kfnsf] cu|ufdL lgsf;sf nflu bnfn pNn]vgLo ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .
If]Kof:q k|sfzg s]Gb|åf/f k|sflzt, ;Dkfbs M /fh]Gb|k|;fb lrdf}l/of, sfof{no M yfkfufpF, sf7df8f}F, df]afOn M (*$!$)#*%!,
E-mail : chhepyastra@gmail.com,website: www.janakhabar.com d'bs
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