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n] cWofTdafbsf] kIfkf]if0f ug{] tyf zf]ifs ;fdGtL /fHo;Qf nfO Wj+; ub{} ;j{xf/f xfdL cfkm\gf] dfu /fVg vf]Hof}F eg] pgsf] Pdfcf]afbL cWoIfn] 3f]if0ff ul/;s]sf 5g ePsf] / cGo d'n'sn] em}F rLgn] klg o; k|sf/sf] Xoflsªsf] ;d:of
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k|m8] l/v P]u+ N] ;n] cfkm\gf] hLjgsf] cToGt ofqfnfO nfO /f]Sg] lgZsif{df k'u] . o;/L kf6L{x?sf] cfvL/L lbg cfPsf] 5 . ;fd|fHoafbsf] cuf8L b]z ;'Dkg tof/ /fi6«klt af/fs cf]afdfn] cfˆgf] ;+3Lo efif0fdf cd]l/sL dxTjk"0f{ ;+/rgfdf
si6k'0f{ cWoog / cg';Gwfg af6 pQm g]kfnL qmflGtsf] xTof ug{] kf6L{ P ;+;lbo b]zn'6/] f /fhlgtLs kf6L{x? /xg] abdf;x? ;fFrf] u4f/x? x'g aflx/af6 x'g] cfqmd0f k|d'v lrGtfsf] ljifo ePsf] atfPsf lyP .
lj1fgsf] lgdf{0f ug{e' of] . ;j{xf/f ju{sf] dfcf]afbLn] jt{dfg ;dodf ;/sf/sf] h;n] cj s]xL kgL ug{j] fnf 5}gg . To;sf/0f pgLx? ufFpdf cfpg] j]nfdf cfqmd0fsf] k|d'v ;|f]t ejg ;f+3fO{sf] ufcf]lsofcf]df Ps k]6«f]s]ldsn
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sf] s'/f pFxf4f/f hf/L sDo'lgi6 3f]if0ff sDo'lgi6 gfdwf/L x? h:t} dfcf]afbL a9L ;dodf ;+;lbo kf6L{x?n] b]z / hgsfjf{xL n] pgLx?sf] k|f0fkv]? p8\g] g}
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sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ x?sf] lgdf{0f eof] . of] /fhlgtLs kf6L{sf] ;+Vofdf j[l4 eof] . nfuL ef/tsf] bnfnL dfq} ;+;lbo kf6L{x? qmflGtsf] gofF n8fO ;'? x'gj] fnf 5 Tof] cg'bfg lbPsf] 5 . /utsf] t/n kbfy{;]/d 5'6\ofpg] ;f] pks/0f s]lGb|o
s'/f ;fFrf] xf] sL dfS;{afbn] dfq} b]z / g]kfnsf] OltxfF;df ;+;lbo /fhlgtLs n] u/]sf 5g . gofF hgafbL qmflGt x'bF } n8fOdf clxn] ljz]if u/]/ lj:tf/afb , /St;~rf/ ;]jf s]Gb|åf/f b]zsf ljleGg lhNnfsf /St;~rf/ s]Gb|x?df
hgtfsf] d'lQm ug{ ;S5 / dfgjhftLsf] kf6L{x? ljr ef/lto lj:tf/afbsf] ;dfhafb / ;fDoafb ;Dd k'Ug] nIosf ;fd|fHoafbsf Psflwsf/ bnfn k'h F Lklt ;'ljwf / ;]jf j[l4 ug{ k|of]udf NofOg] atfOPsf] 5 . o;cl3 c:6«l] nofn]
:jl0fd o'u ;fDoafbsf] lgdf{0f ug{ ;S5 . bnfnsf] ?kdf elt{ x'g] ljifodf klxn] ;fy qmflGtsf] nDa] cleofgdf hgtfnfO x?;Fu xfd|f] n8fO x'g] x'gfn] ju{ljZn]if0f ;g\ !(^^ df s]lGb|o /St;~rf/ ;]jf :yfkgfdf ;xof]u u/]sf] lyof] .
of] afx]s s'g} klg bz{g n] ;j}vfnsf b]vL g} k|lt:kwf{ x'bF } cfO/x]sf] 5 . sf] g]tT[ j ug{] ;Rrf qmflGtsf/L sDo'lgi6 u/L x]bf{ g]kfnsf ;+;lbo /fhlgtLs kf6L{sf c:6«]lnofnL ljsf; ;xof]u kl/of]hgfcGtu{t\ rfn' jif{df c:6«]lnofn]
lgsf; x? ;Dej 5}g . g]kfndf klg s]xL dfG5]x?g} /]8 lni6 df kg{] ub{5g . g]kfnnfO{ :jfYo, lzIff / u|fdL0f hghLljsfsf] If]qdf lbg] ;xof]unfO{ j[l4
ef/tsf] ;j}eGbf Kof/f] / dfofn' bnfn kf6L{sf] cl:tTj dfq g]kfndf cj ;Dej u/L sl/j tLg s/f]8 !% nfv c:6«]lnog 8n/ lbg] atfPsf] 5 .
qmfGtLsf] cfj:ostf cg'?k qmflGtsf/L aGg] / ;/sf/df hfg] eGg] ljifodf 5 . clxn] b]zn'6/] fx? ;/sf/sf] s'lr{ Tof] j]nfdf plgx?sf] lg0ffos / ljlwjt
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] lgdf{0f ePsf] OltxfF;
xfdL ;fd' 5 . k|ydt g]kfndf gofF
k|lt:kwf{ rln/xFbf lxFhf] qmflGtsf]
em08fnfO p7fPsf] kf6L{ Pdfcf]afbL
afF8kmfF8 ug{ g;s]/ lgb]l{ no zf;g tkm{
b]znfO ws]Nb} 5g . of] eg]sf] b]znfO
bfx;+:sf/ x'g5] . s'g} kl/:yLtLdf hgtfn]
g} lo ;+;lbo kf6L{x?nfO hGdfpg] / x'sf{pg]
a]nfotdf a]/f]huf/sf] ;+Vofdf sdL
hgafbL qmflGt ;DkGg ug{k' g{] lgZsif{ ef/tsf] Ps gDa/ bnfnsf] ?kdf k~rfot sfndf nfg' xf] o;sf] xfdL u/]sf lyP t/ cj hgtfn] g} ug{k' 5{ nG8g . cfly{s dGbLsf] df/df k/]sf] o'/f]k]nL If]qdf a]/f]huf/Lsf]
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n] lgsfn]sf] lyof] / gofF jt{dfg ;dodf :yflkt ePsf] 5 . pQm z;Qm e08fkmf]/ / lgif]w ug{k' b{5 . ;+;lbo b]zn'6/] f u4f/x?sf] bfx;+:sf/ .=== ;+Vofdf a[l4 eO/x]sf a]nf a]nfotdf eg] ;f] ;+Vofdf s]xL sdL cfPsf]
hgafbL qmflGt x'Fb} ;dfhafb / kf6L[sf] tkm{af6 ;/sf/sf] g]tT[ j ul//x]sf pgLx? xfjfbf/L ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfjsf] sonukumarsun2@gmail.com ;Í]t ldn]sf] 5 . l8;]Da/df ;dfKt q}dfl;sdf a]nfotsf] a]/f]huf/
;fDoafbdf k'Ug] pb3f]if u/L g]kfndf afa'/fd e6\6/fO OltxfF;s} ;j}eGbf u4f/ ;+Vof 36]sf] laxLaf/ ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] tYofÍdf b]vfOPsf] ;dfrf/df
lgdf{0f ul/Psf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{] sf /0flgtL
sfo{lgtLx? clxn] ;Dd sfof{Gjog ePsf
3f]lift ePsf 5g / ef/tsf] PsgDa/
bnfnsf] ?kdf klg plg pleFPsf 5g .
ef/tsf] cGtl/If cleofg
gofF lbNnL . ef/tn] o; jif{ dËn ;+;b\sf] gofF clwj]zgnfO{ ;Daf]wg
pNn]v 5 . ;f]xL cjlwdf sfd ug{] dflg;sf]] ;+Vofdf j[l4 eP/ gofF
tYofÍ ag]sf] pSt ;dfrf/df hgfOPsf] 5 . cS6f]a/b]lv l8;]Da/;Ddsf]
5}gg . sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ ;'wf/afb , ;Qfsf nfuL pgn] slxNo} dfkmL gkfpg] u|xsf] cWoogsf nflu ;ft s/f]8 ub}{ o; cGtl/If sfo{qmdn] ef/tsf] cjlwdf sfdlaxLg dflg;x?sf] ;+Vof !$ xhf/n] 36]/ @% nfv ePsf]
cj;/afb tyf blIf0fklGy ;+;f]wgafbsf] ;j}eGbf 7'nf] /fi6«3ft u/]sf 5g . k~r] cd]l/sL 8n/ a/fa/sf] cGtl/If j}1flgs pknlAwnfO{ :ki6 kfg]{ clkm; km/ g];gn :ofl6l:6S; -cf]PgP;_ n] hgfPsf] 5 . sfd ug{x] ?sf]
lg/Gt/ l;sf/ eO/xg'sf] sf/0f g]kfndf , /fhf , Pdfn] , sf+u;] | / /f0ff n] gu/]sf] cleofg cf/De ug'{ ePsf] hfgsf/L atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] ;g\ @)!# sf Ps nfv %$ xhf/n] a9]/ b'O{ s/f]8 (& nfv k'u]sf] 5 . hgj/L
qmflGt ;DkGg x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . kf6L{leqsf /fi6«3ft clxn] afa'/fd n] u/]sf] tYo lbPsf] 5 . dËnu|xsf] kl/qmdf nflu cg]sf}F cGtl/If cleofgsf] dlxgfdf a]/f]huf/ eQfsf] bfaL ug]{ dflg;x?sf] ;+Vof !@ xhf/ kfFr
s]xL x? ;+;f]wg afbsf] , ;'wf/afbsf] sbfkL n'sfpg ;lsFbg} . Pdfcf]afbL ug{ of] dfgjljxLg ofqf ef/tLo of]hgf tof/ ul/Psf] pNn]v u/] . ;on] 36]/ Ps !% nfv $) xhf/ ePsf] 5 . cf]PgP;sf cg';f/
l;sf/ eP/ qmflGtsf/L kf6L{nfO Wj:t kf6L{sf cWoIfn] cfkm\gf] kf6L{sf] ;ftf} cGtl/If cg';Gwfg ;+:yfn] cS6f]a/ ef/tn] xfn rGb|dfdf cg';Gwfg ;du|df a]nfotdf b'O{ s/f]8 (& nfv #) xhf/ /f]huf/Lsf] cj:ydf 5g\
ug{ nfuLk/]klg ljrf/sf] /Iff sf] nfuL dxflwj]zgdf eg] l;df ljjfbsf] ljifodf dlxgfdf k|If]k0f ug]5
{ . of] ofqf #)) ul//x]sf] 5 / ;g\ @)!^ df ToxfF eg] To;df &# k|ltztn] k"0f{sfnLg ?kdf /f]huf/L kfPsf / @& k|ltztn]
Pp6f qmflGtsf/L k+lQm ;w} lhFpbf] /xg] hgdt ;+ux| ug{k' 5{ . clg pgn] eg] lbgsf] x'g] / ToxfFsf] df};d tyf dfgj k7fpg] nIo /fv]sf] 5 . cNksfnLg ?kdf sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ . l8;]Da/df ;dfKt ePsf] tLg
u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] OltxfF;df qmflGtsf/L cj of] qmflGt , cfGbf]ng , dfu oL ef}uf]lns cj:yfsf] tYofÍ ;Íng dËnu|xdf cd]l/sf, /l;of, hfkfg dlxgfdf a]/f]huf/ b/ 36]/ ;ft bzdnj cf7 k|ltzt lyof] . ;f]eGbf
ljrf/sf] /Iff ul//x]sf] sDo'lgi6 ;d'x b'lgofbf/ s'/f ug{' eg]sf] ck/fw xf] . ul/g] atfOPsf] 5 . gofF lbNnLdf tyf rLgn] cfˆgf cleofg k7fPsf cl3Nnf] q}dfl;sdf of] ;ft bzdnj gf} k|ltzt lyof] . cfFs8fx?af6 s]
hj hj zlQm df cfpg] / ;/sf/df csf{] s'/f pgsf] lgZsif{ 5 g]kfndf ef/tLo /fi6«klt k|0fj d'vhL{n] 5g\ . – Ph]G;L yfxf ePsf] 5 eg] ljQLo ;Í6 / To;kl5sf] nuQ}sf] ;g\ @))* sf]
dGbLotf a]nfotsf] cy{tGqnfO{ kl/jt{g ul/Psf] 5 . cf]PgP;sf cg';f/
;g\ @)!@ sf] cS6f]a/b]lv l8;]Da/;Ddsf] cjlwdf k"0f{sfnLg ?kdf
/x]sf /f]huf/sf] ;+Vof dGbLsf] klxnf] q}dfl;ssf] ?kdf /x]sf] ;g\ @))*
l;l/ofdf u[xo'4 cGTosf nflu k|:tfj
bdf:s;M l;l/ofdf hf/L u[xo'4 emg ;d:of yKg] eGb} jftf{ dfkm{t\ g} ;d:of Onf/]aLn] ;xdltsf] jftfj/0f algg;s]sf] e/df ljkIfLn] cfGbf]ng rsf{Psf] eGb}
sf] clk|nb]lv h'g;Ddsf] q}dfl;seGbf tLg nfv &* xhf/n] sd /x]sf]
5 . t/, klg cNksfnLg ?kdf /f]huf/sf] ;+Vof ;f]xL cjlwsf] t'ngfdf
kfFr nfv &@ xhf/n] a9L /x]sf] pSt ;dfrf/df hgfOPsf] 5 . kGw|
cGTosf nflu ?; / c/a lnun] ;/sf/ ;'Nemfpg' kg]d{ f hf]8 lbPsf 5g\ . åGb t/ ;+qmd0fsflng ;/sf/ u7g u/]/ /fi6«klt c;bn] ljkIfLl;t cfk"m ge'mSg] xhf/eGbf sd dflg;nfO{ Ps jif{eGbf a9Lb]lv a]/f]huf/ agfOP;Fu}
/ ljkIfLaLr k|ToIf jftf{ ug{ k|:tfj cl3 cGTosf nflu jftf{ x'g] elgP klg b'O{ ghfg] xf] eg] lx+;f cem} a9g ;Sg] atfpFb} cfPsf 5g\ . ljkIfL u7aGwg bL3{sfnLg a]/f]huf/Lsf] ;+Vof klg 36]/ cf7 nfv &( xhf/ ePsf] 5 .
;f/]sf 5g\ . ;+qmd0fsfnLg ;/sf/ agfP/ kIfaLrsf] b'/L al9/x]sf sf/0f ;xdlt atfPsf 5g\ . nfdf] ;dob]lvsf] u[xo'4n] klg h'g;'s} tl/sfaf6 eP klg tna j[l4sf] t'ngfdf d'b|f:kmLlt pRr /x];Fu} tnasf] jf:tljs d"Nodf
u[xo'4 cGTosf nflu cfk"mx?n] ;/sf/ / aGg ;s]sf] 5}g . ?;sf ljb]z dGqL;lxt ubf{ l;l/of b'36{ gftkm{ pGd"v /x]sf] eGb} /fi6«kltnfO{ kbRo't u/fP/} 5f8\g] s6f}tL eO/x]sf] klg ;dfrf/df hgfOPsf] 5 . n]a/ kf6L{sf k]G;G;
;lrj lnofd afog{n] To;sf] hjfkmdf eGg'eof]– …lgjf{rgotf dflg;x?sf]
ljkIfLaLr k|ToIf jftf{ rfx]sf] ?;sf c/a lnusf ljb]z dGqLx?sf] OlhK6df cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfon] lrGtf JoSt u/]sf dgl:ytLdf /x]sf sf/0f pgLx? klg
cf};t Ps xhf/ @)) kfpG8 tna s6f}tL ePsf] 5 . lsgsL /f]huf/x?
ljb]zdGqL ;u{O] n]e/f]en] atfP . l;l/ofnfO{ ePsf] b'Ol{ bg] a}7sn] l;l/ofsf ljkIfL 5g\ . /fi6«klt a;/ cn c;fbsf] tTsfn jftf{df a:g] ;Defjgf sd /x]sf]
cfpg clt sl7g ePsf] 5 / xfdLn] clxn] klg k|To]s Ps l/St kbsf
lx+;faf6 d'St u/fpFb} Iflt sd ug{klg b'j} u7aGwgnfO{ jftf{df a;fNg] ljifodf 5nkmn /fhLgfdf dfu ub}{ ;g\ @)!! sf] atfOPsf] 5 . b'j} kIfn] o'å lhTg rfx]sf]
nflu kfFr hgfeGbf a9Ln] kofO/x]sf] b]v]sf 5f}F .Ú of] cj:ysf afah't
kIf jftf{sf] 6]jn' df a;]/ ;dfwfgsf pkfo ePkl5 o:tf] cfu|x ul/Psf] cGt/f{li6«o dfr{dlxgfb]lv rn]sf] o'4sf sf/0f &) / s]xL s'/f u'dfP/ ;xdltdf cfpg] rfxgf
klg sfdljxLg dlxnfx?sf] ;+Vof j[l4 ePsf] / bL3{sfnLg a]/f]huf/L
vf]Hg' kg]{ pgLx?sf] egfO 5 . ?;sf ;~rf/ dfWodn] hgfPsf 5g\ . xhf/ hgf dfl/Psf] ;+oS' t /fi6«;3+ n] g/fv]sf]n] ;fFRr}sf] jftf{ / ;xdlt x'g
clxn] klg 7"nf] ;+Vofdf /x]sf] ;dfrf/df hgfOPsf] 5 . – Ph]G;L
ljb]zdGqL n]e/f]en] ;+3if{n] ;dfwfg eGbf c/a lnusf dxf;lrj gljn hgfPsf] 5 . klZrdf b]zn] pS;fPsf] g;Sg] ljz]if1x?sf] egfO 5 . – Ph]G;L
/fatOfc t]u #! gu
' fmk nf; (^)@ 4

ˆ
df]xg j}B, czf]s /fO{ / pk]Gb| ofbjsf gfddf ko{6g ljz]if
;aeGbf 7"nf] bnsf] g]t[Tjsf]
lgjf{ l rt ;/sf/ gx' g ] , :jtGq g/gf/fo0f cfq]o hgljZjf; u'ds ] f] 5}g . ;+ljwfg;ef,
;+3Lotf / u0ftGqsf] /Iffsf nflu
ko{6ssf] kvf{Od{ f ‘s]Gkf’
JolStsf] g]tT[ jsf] ;/sf/ klg gx'g,] ePsf] 5}g . lxhf] cfk"mn] u/]sf] df]h bzs laTbf klg ;lsPg . olt w]/} ul/g] cfGbf]ng / lgjf{rgsf nflu ;f]nv ' D' j' / ;+vj' f;ef lhNnfsf] ;+ud:yndf kg]{ s]Gkf, -uf}leQf tLy{:yn_
gful/s ;dfhsf cu'jfsf] g]tT[ j klg / ef]h cfh c?n] u/]sf] b]Vbf k'/fgf jftf{ / k|of; ubf{ klg ;xdltsf] df]rf{ lgdf{0f u/]/ uP x'G5 . Psh'6 ;a} ;d'bfosf] ;femf / kljq tLy{:yn xf] . ;d'b| ;txjf6 sl/a # xhf/
gx' g ] , ;jf] { R r cbfntsf bnn] ¥ofn sf9\g' / d'v 5f8\g'nfO{ k| w fgdGqLsf] 5gf] 6 ePg . eP/ hgtfsf] zlSt b]vfP x'G5 . * ;o ld6/df /x]sf] s]Gkf 8fF8f / $xhf/ % ;osf] ld6/df /x]sf] uf}leQf
k|wfgGofofwLzsf] g]t[Tjsf] ;/sf/ cGoyf dfGg klg ;lsGg . ¥ofnrflx" clglZrttf / cGof]n st} uPg . To;n] dfq} lxhf] / cfhsf] ;Qf / tLy{:yn ;f]nv ' D' a' ;b/d'sfdaf6 @) sf]if 6f9f k"js { f kb{5 . . ;f]nv
' D' a'sf]
klg gdfGg], cfk"m / cfˆgf] g]tfafx]s cln a9\t} r'x]sf] 5 . gq oltw]/} clxn]sf ;QfkIf / k|ltkIf b'a} p:t} eQfn] d}dQf ePsfx? yf]/} eP klg 5]:sfd uflj;sf] j8f g+, # / ;+vj' f;efsf] l;z'jf ufla;sf] j8f g+, ( sf]
c?nfO{ uGb} guGg] , ut sfO"sfO" x'GgYof] xf]nf . lxhf]sf eP . zf;sLo z}nLdf s'g} kl/jt{g xlRsg ;S5g\, gq xlRsb}gg\ . b]z / ;+ud:yndf kg{] uf}leQf tLy{:yn a}zfv] k"l0f{df, gfuk~rdL, hg}kl" 0f{dfsf
;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rdf xf/]sf, !@ /fhfnfO{ h:t} cfhsf /fi6«kltnfO{ b]lvPg . s;nfO{ cfˆgf] eGg], hgtfnfO{ la;]{sf, s';L{sf nflu lbg k|To]s jif{ 7"nf] d]nf nfUg] ub{5, ;f] lbg ef]hk'/, vf]6fª, ;+v'jf;ef
a'b" ] ;xdlt / u0ftGqsf la/f]wL x'gfn] klg olt w]/} ljGtLkqsf] cf]O/f] s;nfO{ k/fO{ 7fGg] < uf;]uf;], pQfplnPsf s'zf;snfO{ ;'Nemfpg / ;f]n'v'Da'af6 xhf/f}F ;+Vofdf tLy{ofqLx¿ uf}leQf tLy{wfdsf] bz{gsf]
hgtfn] klg n3f/]sf, k'/fgf / yf]qf nfUb}gYof] xf]nf . k|e' Û afa'/fdnfO{ Ps}gf;] Û eg]sf] oxL xf]Og / < klg j}B, /fO{ / pk]Gb| ofbjsf] ldng nflu cfpg] ub{5g\ . uf}leQf b]jL;Fu bz{g ugf{n] lr/GhLjL x'gs ' f
g]tfsf] g]tT[ jsf] ;/sf/ dfq x'gk' g],{ aflx/ x'TofOb]pm, xfdLnfO{ ;Qfdf cfhsf x'g\ jf lxhf]sf, zf;s clxn] s f] cfjZostf xf] . of] ;fy} ;Gtfg gx'gs ] f] ;Gtfg x'g,] wg, a'l4 / 1fg k|fKt x'g] wfld{s hgljZjfz
To;}nfO{ c?n] klg dflglbg'kg]{ c/] Û k'¥ofOb]pm . ca t clt ef], xfd|f] zf;s} x'"bf/x]5g\ . zf]ifs zf]ifs} cfjZostf k"/f ug{] k|of; slt ePsf] 5 . oxL wfld{s hgljZjfzsf sf/0f tLyf{n'x¿n] ;Gtfg gx'g]n] sfu|f],
cyf{t\ lxhf] / cfhsf zf;sx?sf klg vlt ef], ;xg} g;lsg] ef] x' " b f/x] 5 g\ . dflns dflns} 5 < clxn] s f] ;QfkIf / slyt rf}kfof dfUg]n] ufO{, e+; } Lsf] b'w, a'l4 / 1fg dfUg]n] sfkL, 86\kg] / wg,
pg} gf/f …;a} hf]uL d/, d]/} t'Daf dflns Û l5§} bx|f] sbd rfNg'k¥of], aGbf/x]5g\ . cfk"mnfO{ ck/flht / k| l tkIfsf] lgs[ i 6 s' ; L{ d f] x sf] ;DktL dfUg]n] k};f r9fpg] ul/G5 . c? wfld{s tyf tLy{:yneGbf
e? Û Sof uhasf] /fhgLlt rn]sf] afa'/fdnfO{ 9fNg'k¥of], Vjfldt\ Û ch] o eGbf/x] 5 g\ . zf] l ift / rlt{snfaf6 cflht ePsf sltko uf}leQf tLy{:ynsf] dxTj / Oltxf; klg 5'§}5 . wfdL, k'hf/Lx¿sf
5 xls g]kfndf < o;f] klg gfO", To;n] t ug{'u¥of], xfdLnfO{ aflx/ zfliftnfO{ dfG5] gubf{ /x]5g\ . of] dfG5] n ] @)$& ;fnsf] ;+ l jwfg egfOcg';f/ w]/} klxn] u'?ª e]8f uf]7fnfn] -xfnsf] uf}leQf tLy{:yn
p;f] klg gfO", 5]pdf a;]/ sfO"sfO" . kf¥of], o:t} /x] ;Qfdf hfg] 9f]sf s'g} gf}nf] /f]u ePg . of] t k'/fg} kmsf{pg] / /fhtGqsf] klg k'g:yf{kgf ePsf]_ 7fpFdf uf]7 agfP/ 9'ªufsf] r'nf]df vfgf agfpg nfUbf r'nf]jf6
df]6f3f6f / lrKnfrfnf ;'ljwfef]uL aGb unf{ h:tf] 5, ;w}Fel/ aflx/ dxfdf/L xf] . k'/fg} tl/sfn] klg ug]{h:tf s'/f p7fpg yfn]sf 5g\ . crfgs kfgLsf yf]kf -kl;gf_ cfpg yfn]5g\ / aln/x]sf] cfuf] lgEg
ljkIfLsf] Psf]xf]/f] o:tf] ln8]l9kL, kfnf{h:tf] 5 Û o:tf] c/0o/f]bg ca pkrf/ ug{ ;lsG5, tx nufpg s'g} ljsNk gkfPsf, ;'b"/ eljiosf] yfn]5g\ . lge]sf] cfuf] hlt afNg k|oTg ubf{ klg gan]kl5 uf]7fnf l/;n]
3'Sof{O" / cfGbf]ngsf s'/f ;'Gbf slt lbg x]g]{ xf] / < cfk"mn] ljsNk ;lsG5 . To;sf nflu df]xg j}B - uGtAosf] 7]ufg gePsfn] To:tf] r'/ eP5g\ / v's'/Ln] r'nf]nfO{ k|xf/ ubf{ PSsf;L r'nf]jf6 /utsf] wf/f
;Qfdf a;]sfnfO{ v'a pb]s nfUbf] glbg], c?n] lbPsf] klg glng], lxhf]sf ls/0f_ kIfw/ dfcf]jfbL, czf]s /fO{ eGg'nfO{ cGoyf dfGg klg ;lsGg . aUg yfn]5g\ . of] cfZro{ 36gf b]v]/ uf]7fnfn] ;f]r] 5g\ ls d}n] b]jL,
xf] . k|foM …clng' klg gvfg], l9sf] dflns ePs} n ] ;a} n ] dflns kIfw/ cflbjf;L hghfltx? / clg ;Qf / eQfn] d} d Qf ePsfsf] b]jtfnfO{ sf6]sf] /x]5' . / sf6]sf] 9'ËfnfO{ b]jtf agfP/ /fv]5g\ . cfh
klg gkmf]8g\ Ú] eg]/ lh2L ug{x] ? To:t} dflglbg' k g{ ] c/] Û clg cfhsf pk]Gb| ofbjjfnf dw]zL hgclwsf/ p208tfn] dfG5]nfO{ Totflt/ ;f]Rg tL uf]7fnfn] lgdf{0f u/]/ /fv]sf] tLy{:yn xhf/f}F tLy{ofqLx¿sf] ;femf
x'G5g\ . clxn]sf] /fhgLlt ln8]l9kL dflnsn] klg ;Qfdf uO;s]kl5 kmf]/dsf aLrdf ;+o'St df]rf{ aGg afWo kf/]sf] xf] . of] afWotf j}B, /fO{ kljq wfld{s:yn aGg k'u]sf] 5 . cfh klg uf}leQf tLy{:yndf k'u]/ ;f]
ug{]x?s} xftdf t 5 . o:tf] a]nfdf lxhf]sf cu|h / ;xofqLnfO{ lrGg} ;s], ;xsfo{ ug{ s] x'GYof] eGg]x? / pk] G b| ofbjn] a' ‰ g' k 5{ / 36gfsf] jf:tljs b[Zo cjnf]sg ug{ ;lsG5 . uf}leQf b]jLsf] bz{g ug{
v'lrª eg]/ sfd rNb}g . ;dosf] g;Sg], bDe / 3d08n] km'Ng'kg]{, klg 5g\ . Tolt eP klg ;Qfdf k'g?TyfgjfbL ;f]rfO Tofu]/ cu|ufdL hfFbf af6fd'lg 7"nf] kf]v/L e]l6G5, Tof]] kf]v/LnfO{ sfnkf]v/Lsf] pkgfdn]
;b'kof]u ug{ g;s] df}sfn] kv{/] klg /fh;L 7f6af"7df 8'Ng'kg]{, ;8ssf /x]/ pn{/] ljkIfLsf gfddf s'ng{ s ] f] ljrf/ lng] cj:y tof/ kfg{ klg lrlgG5 . bz{gdf hfFbf, kms{+bf Tof] kf]v/LnfO{ x]g]{ x'Fb}g eGg] hgljZjf;
a:b}g, clg u'ds ] f] df}sf kms{/] klg s' 8 fss{ 6 hlt ;a} a6' N g' k g] { , gUg rlt{snf cln sd x'GYof] ls < tLgj6} kf6L{n] ;xsfo{ ug}{k5{ . s';L{ /x]sf] 5 . sfnkf]v/L x]b}{ cfjthfjt u/]df cfˆgf] dgf]sfªIff k"/f gx'g]
cfp"b}g . of] s'/f df]xg j}B, czf]s ;dfhsf ;a} x'TofxfnfO{ cfkm}leq gq ;a} s'/f k'/fg} bf]xf]l/of], /fhgLlt :jfy{ s f nflu sfF u | ] ; –Pdfn] / ljZjf; ul/G5 . uf}leQf wfld{s lx;fan] dfq geP/ k|fs[lts lx;fan]
/fO{ / pk]Gb| ofbjx?n] a'‰g}k5{ . x'Ng'kg]{ < blIf0fsfnLnfO{ bflxgf g/fd|f] u/L kmf]xf]l/of], ;DxfNg} g;Sg] Pdfcf]jfbL–dw]zjfbL ldNg x'G5 eg] klg plQs} kl/lrt 5g\ . k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{sL vfgL / h}las ljljwtfn]
lxhf];Dd /fhfnfO{ 9f]ue]6 u/]/ / kf/]kl5 h] klg u/] x'G5 egL 7fGg], vfnsf] eof] . ljutdf yf]/} ;do cu|udg / hgtfsf] xslxtsf] /Iffsf el/k"0f{ of] 7fpFsf] ofqf klg plQs} /f]df~rs x'G5 . uf}leQf, s]Gkf k'uk] l5
blIf0f–klZrdlt/ blIf0ff r9fP/ ;QfnfO{ cfˆg} akf}tL dfGg], ef]ln ;/sf/df ;fd]n eP klg df]xg j}B, nflu j}B, /fO{ / pk]Gb| ofbjx? ldNg 9'Ëfsf] dg ePsfnfO{ klg sljtf km'5{ . s, v k9\g] lzz' em}F cfˆgf
;Qfsf] :jfb kfn}kfnf] lng] u/]sf km]l/ aflx/ lgl:sg'knf{ eGg] s'/f czf]s /fO{ / pk]Gb| ofbj kIfw/x? lsg x'"b}g < x'G5 / ldNg klg k5{ . cGt/dgsf Joyfx¿ hfgL–ghfgL s]g{ k'Ub5 . olb uf}leQf, s]Gkfsf]
cfhsf k| f of] l ht ljkIfLnfO{ k6Ss} g;f]Rg] < ;QfGwtfn] 5f]Psf] plt abgfd ePsf kfq k/]gg\ . To;/L ldn]/ ;+oS' t df]rf{ lgdf{0f u/]/ ofqfdf cfˆgf] dxFuf af;gfbf/ ;]g -;'uGw_ 5'6]df ;+sf]r gdfg] x'G5,
Pdfcf]jfbL / dw]zjfbLn] klg p;}u/L / eQfGwtfn] ax'nfPsf]df k5'tf] gug]{ ;do 5f]6f] ePsfn] vf]6f] gnfu]sf] cufl8 a9]df c/fhgLlts / :jfyL{ af6fe/L oqtq /x]sf, ;k{uGw, ;'gkftL, a}?ËkftL, of;f{u'Daf, s'sL{,
ldn]/ ;Qf / eQfsf] :jfb lnPsf] ePkl5 s;/L b]z rN5 / < rNb}g . klg x'g;S5 . uGtAo km/s eP dfG5]sf xftdf uPsf] / kmf]xf]l/Psf] kfFrcf}Fn], ;t'jfh:tf af;gfbf/ hl8a'6Lsf] ;'uGwn] s'g} sdL dx;';
x]g{} ufx|f] ePsf] 5 . gof" kf6L{n] k'/fgf lxhf] / cfhsf ;Qfwf/Lx?df klg tLgj6} kf6L{sf ljrf/df plt /fhgLlt ;k|g klg ;S5 . clxn]sf] u/fpg] 5}g . oxfF w'kL, l7u|] ;Nnf, uf]a|] ;Nnf, lrdfn, /fgL rfk, nfnL
kf6L{ / ltgsf g]tfnfO{ lsgf/df klg clnslt klg ljj]s ePg . To;}n] w] / } leGgtf b] l vF b } g klg . cGof]n x6fpg ;d'lrt bafa klg uF/f;h:tf af]6la?jfx¿ kfOg'sf ;fy} of;f{u'Daf, kbdrfn, nf]7;Nnf,
l9lKsg glbFbf slDt 8fxf / 56k6L ;+qmd0fsfn o;/L nlDaof], cfwf ;+u7gfTds zlSt klg /fd|} 5, Tolt k5{ . n]sfnL n;'g, lr/fO{tf], laif, ;k{uGw, ;'gkftL, s'sL{, kfFrcf}Fn], ;t'jfsf
;fy} ;of}+ ;+Vofdf ax'd"No hl8a'6L kfOG5 . s:t'/L, d[u, ab]n, af3,
yf/, efn', lxdfnL efn', sf7]efn', lxpF lrt'jf, lxdfnL v/fof], b'n{e
dw]zL dlxnf kqsf/sf cj:yf / r'gf}tL
lk| o + s f kf08] ;xsdL{nfO{ k5fl8 kfg's { f] ;§f cufl8
Nofpgdf slxn] klg kl5 kbf] {
x'lG5g\ eGg] d]/f] ljZjf; 5 / ;fy}
of] lhDd]jf/L k"/} OdfGbfl/tfsf ;fy
kqsfl/tf k]zfdf nfu]sf dw]zL
;d'bfo klg cfˆgf] clwsf/sf nflu
hgfjf/ /ftf]] kf08f, 8fFkm], d'gfn, sflnhh:tf jGohGt' tyf kz'kIfLx¿
o;} If]qdf kfOG5 . k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{tfsf] lx;fadf uf}leQf / s]Gkf
:jLh/Nof08eGbf sd 5}g . df3, kmfNu'gdf lxpF;Fu n8La8L v]Ng
dw]zdf a;]/ kqsfl/tf ug'{ s'g}
klg dlxnf kqsf/sf nflu w]/} /}g5g\ . pxf+x¿sf] o; ;bf;otf / lgj{xg ug{ d d]/f] kl/jf/ oflg ;+3if{/t 5g\ . dw]zL kqsf/ ;dfhsf] :jLh/Nof08 k'Ug' kb}{5g\ of] ;]jfsf nflu s]Gkf xflh/ 5 . gfuk~rdL,
r'gf}tLk"0f{ x'b+ f] /x]5 . o;df klg ha dlxnfnfO{ klg lhDd] j f/L lbg] dw]zL kqsf/ ;dfh;Fu cfa4 dfWodaf6 ljutdf klg dw] z L hg}kl" 0f{dfdf d]nf eg{ u/L e|d0f ug{ ePdf s]Gkfsf] 3fF;] d}bfgsf kmfF6dfly
pdf l;+x h:tf h'emf¿ / sd{zLn pbf/tfnfO{ x]/]/ d}n]+ Tof] k|:tfjsf] ePsf / pkTosfdf /x]sf ;a} kqsf/x¿sf] xslxt / clwsf/sf km'ns] f tL cgluGtL /ËLlj/ËL ;'Gb/ k"mnsf b[Zon] :ju{sf] cg'el" t u/fpg]
dlxnf kqsf/sf] lgb]{otfk"j{s xTof ;dy{g ub}{ cfˆgf] dGtJo /fv] ls dw] z L cu| h kqsf/x¿sf] nflu ;+3if{sf ljleGg sfo{qmdx¿ 5g\ . ;f]nv ' D' a' / ;+vj' f;efsf]] ;+ud:yn -# xhf/ *;o_ ld6/sf]] prfOdf
ul/G5 eg] Tof] r'gf}tL c´ a9]/ dlxnfnfO{ ;lrj of sf]iffWoIf cyjf dfu{ l gb] { z g, ;xsdL{ kqsf/ ul/+b} cfPsf] 5 . sf7df08"df x'g] cjl:yt s]Gkf k|fs[lts b[Zojnf]sgsf nfuL k|l;4 7fpF xf] . s]Gkf k'Ug
hfG5 . 3/ kl/jf/ ;dfhsf] ;fy pkfWoIfdf dfq} ;Lldt /fVg' x'+b}g . ldqx¿sf] ;xof] u / cGo o:tf ;+ 3 if{ s f] c;/ df] k m;nsf ;f]nv ' D' a'sf] a'ª, 5]:sfd, u'bn ] af6 & b]lv * 306f nfU5 eg] ;+vj' f;efsf]]
lagf s'g} klg sfd ug{ sltsf] ufx|f] of] ;a lhDd]jf/L t c¿ ;+u7gn] ;fyLx¿sf] ;fysf] ck]Iff /fv]sL lhNnfdf klg kg]{ u/]sf] 5 . o;sf/0f afnf, lzz'jfvf]nfaf6 Ps lbg k"/} nfUb5 . s]Gkfjf6 dxfs'nª' sf /d0fLo
x'+bf] /x]5 of] cg'ej ;a}nfO{ 5 . t/ klg lb+b} cfPsf] 5 . a¿ xfdL cfh 5" . dw] z L kqsf/ ;dfhsf] klg pkTosfsf] k|d'vsf] gftfn] d]/f] ufFpx¿sf ;fy} ljZjsf] ;jf]R{ r lzv/ ;u/dfyf, dsfn', a?0fh], rf/kft]
dlxnf kqsf/sf] xsdf pdf l;+xdfly Pp6f gof+ sLlt{ d fg agfpm+ . dfWodaf6 d pkTosfdf /x]sf lhDd]jf/L cem a9L 7"nf] r'gf}tLk"0f{ vfª\t]uf, yfd;s'{, rfDnfª, d]/f lxdfn nufPt ;of}F lxdz[+vnfx¿sf]
ePsf] 36gfn] ubf{ of] k]zf sltsf] cfh;Dd s'g}klg kqsf/ ;+u7gn] ;Dk" 0 f{ dw] z L kqsf/x¿sf] ePsf] d]/f] lgisif{ 5 . o;nfO{ b[li6ut b[Zofjnf]sgsf ug{ ;lsG5 . s]Gkf kf; u/]kl5 @ 306f kl5 k'lug]
vt/fo'Qm 5 eGg] w]/} JofVof ul//xg' lbg g;s]sf] lhDd]jf/L lbpF . / d}n] xslxtsf] ;+/If0fsf] nflu k|of;/t ub} { cfufdL lbgx¿df pkTosf
cfkm}n] cfˆgf] nflu cWoIf kbsf] /xg]5' . pgLx¿sf] ;d:ofnfO{ sfo{;ldltsf ;fyLx¿sf] ;xof]udf uf}leQf tLy{wfd o; dfu{d} ;a}eGbf cfsif{0f ko{6sLo s]Gb| xf] . o;sf]
kb}g{ . x'gt g]kfndf kqsf/ sf] ;'/Iff
ljZj:t/ d} g/fd|f]df k5{ . To;df lhDd]jf/L ;+efNg] k|:tfj /fv] . d]/f] cfˆgf] ;d:of dfg]/ To;nfO{ ;dfwfg ljleGg sfo{qmdx¿ Nofpg] / dw]zL prfO ;d'b| ;txb]lv $ xhf/ % ;o ld6/df /x]sf] 5 . t/, o; dfu{
klg dlxnf kqsf/x¿sf] ;'/Iff ts{ lyof] ls cfh;Dd df}sf g ug]{ k|of; ug]{5' . kqsf/x¿sf] kqsf/ ;dfhnfO{ pkTosfdf Pp6f eP/ cfpg] sltko ko{6snfO{ hfgsf/Lsf] cefjdf o; tLy{:ynsf]
cj:yf t ´g} 8/nfUbf] 5. of] kL8f kfPsf sf/0f xf]nf cyjf eGg Joj;flos pGglt ug]{ b]lv lnP/ ljlzi6 :yfg lbnfpg] d]/f] nIo /x]sf] af/]df yfxf g} xF'b}g . hxfFaf6 ljZjdf gfd rn]sf ;u/dfyf, dsfn'
eg]sf] 3/ b]lv sfd ug]{ clkm; / cK7\of/f] eP/ klg x'g ;S5 s'g} pgLx¿sf] cGo ;a} k|sf/ sf] 5 . cGtdf km]/L dnfO{ of] lhDd]jf/L yfd;s'{, rfDnfª, d]/f lxdfn cfdfnfKrf], rf]o", sf]ª\b], g'Da'/, g'Kr],
;dfh b]lv lx8\g] ;8s;Dddf ef]Ug' dlxnfnfO{ s'g} ;+u7gsf] k|dv ' kbsf] k|ultsf] nflu d k|of;/t /xg]5' . ;'lDkg] dw]zL kqsf/ ;dfhsf ;Dk"0f{ Nxf]T;], k'df]/L h:tf lxdfnsf] b[Zojnf]sg ug{ ;lsg'sf ;fy} ljZjsf]
kg]{ cj:yf 5 . oL ;a} kl/:lylt lhDd]jf/L cfh;Dd g lbO{Psf] xf]nf . dw]zsf lhnfx¿af6 sf7df08"df cu|h kqsf/x¿, pkTosf ;ldltdf ;a}eGbf ulx/f] c?0f pkTosf, ;f]nv ' D' a', ;+vj' f;ef, ef]hk'/nufot cGo
sf] ;fdgf ubf{ ub}{ klg cfk"mnfO{ d} n ] c7f] 6 u/] lsgeg] dnfO{ cfpg] dw]zL kqsf/ vf;ul/ dlxnf dnfO{ ;dy{g ug]{ kqsf/ ;fyLx¿ / l5d]sL lhNnfx¿sf] 8fF8fsfF8f / xl/ofnL kmfF6x¿sf] dgf]/d b[Zo ;lhn}
cufl8 a9fpg' / Pp6f lhDd]jf/Ldf cfk"mdfly ljZjf; lyof] ls d s]xL kqsf/x¿sf nflu /fd|f] dfxf}n dnfO{ o; lhDd] j f/Lsf nflu lgofNg ;lsG5 . oxL 7fpFaf6 ;+s6sfndf tfTsflng dfcf]jfbLn] k"jL{o
k'¥ofpg' klg sd ;+3if{sf] s'/f xf]Og{ . u/]/ b]vfpg ;S5' . dnfO{ ljZjf; agfpg], pgLx¿nfO{ s'g} ;d:ofsf] z' e sfdgf lbg] ;Dk" 0 f{ dw] z L hgu0ftGq g]kfn gfds 3'D6L /]l8of] PkmPd ;~rfng u/]sf lyP .
ut xˆtf dw]zL kqsf/ ;dfhsf] lyof] ls d]/f] k|:tfjnfO{ Toxf+ pkl:yt ;fdgf ug{ gk/f];\ eGg] s'g} 7f]; kqsf/x¿ k|lt cfef/ JoSt ub}{ ;a}sf] uf}leQf 8fF8fdf Eo" 6fj/ lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsof] eg] ko{6g ljsf;sf] k|a4{gdf
sf7df08" pkTosfsf] bf]Z/f] clwj]zg xfd|f cu|hx¿n] klg ;sf/fTds of]hgf Nofpg] k|of; ug]5 { '. dfu{bz{g, ;'emfj, ;Nnfx / ;dy{gsf lgZro klg 7"nf] 6]jf k'Ug] b]lvG5 . o;sf] nflu :yfgLo ;d'bfo tyf
x'b+ f dklg pkTosfdf sfd ug]{ Pp6f ¿kdf lng' x'g]5 . / d 7Ls klg x'gt dw]zL ;d'bfo clxn] klg nflu xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5' .
lyP+ . d]/f] To; b[i6tfnfO{ ;a}n] cfˆgf] clwsf/sf] ;+3if{d} 5g\ . dw]z bk{0ffaf6
af6 /fHon] ;+o'St ¿kdf kxn ug{] h?/L 5 . oltsf w]/} cfGtl/s / afXo
dw]zL kqsf/sf] gftfn] ;xefuL
eP+ . Toxf+ cf}krfl/s pb\3f6g r'gf}tLsf] ¿kdf lnP / d}n] u/]sf] ko{6ssf] nflu k|r'/ wfld{s, ;fF:s[lts tyf k|fs[lts ko{6sLo ;Defjgf
dGtAo kl5 g]tT[ j rog ug]{ ljifodf k|:tfjsf] ;Ddfg ub}{ pxf+x¿n] d g] k fn ;/sf/ eP klg k|rf/–k|;f/sf] cefjdf s]Gkf / uf}leQf b'/b/fhdf n's]/ a;]sf]
s'/fsfgL e} /x]sf] lyof] . Pshgf dfly Pp6f 7"nf] lhDd]jf/L ;'lDkg'
eof] .
>d tyf /f]huf/ dGqfno 5 . uf}leQf tLy{:yn vf]6fªsf] xn];L, sf7df8f}Fsf] kz'kltgfy, /;'jfsf]
uf];fO{s0' 8eGbf sd 5}g, dfq ko{6ssf] kvf{Od { f t8\lk/x]sf] 5 . tkfO{x+ ¿
dlxnf kqsf/ ;fyLn] dlxnf
kqsf/x¿sf] xssf] ljifodf s'/f
/fVb} o;kfnL dlxnf kqsf/nfO{
ddfly cfPsf] lhDd] j f/Lsf]
cfwf/df cfh d of] eGg rfxG5' ls
>d lae
laefusf] cToGt h?/L ;"rgf klg hLjgdf Ps k6s uf}leQf b]jLsf] bz{g u/L k'0o sdfpg ge'Ng'
xf]nf . ;do ldn]df df3, kmfNu'gdf s]Gkfsf] lxpFdf, r}q, a}zfvdf ;'Gb/
sfo{;ldltdf ;b:odf dfq glbO{ s'g} dw]zsf ljleGg lhNnfaf6 cfP/ >d P]g,@)$* sf] bkmf @ sf] v08 -v_ df pNn]v u'/fF;;Fu dfof ufF:g, gfuk~rdL / hg}kl' 0f{dfdf a/ dfUg cfpg g5'6fpg'
kbflwsf/Lsf] lhDd]jf/L klg lbg'k5{ pkTosfdf sfd ug]{ dw]zL kqsf/sf] xf]nf . s]Gkf, -uf}leQf--_ ;b}a oxfFx¿sf] kvf{O{df /lx/xg]5 .
eg] cfjfh p7fO{g\ / To;sf] ;a}n] lxt g} d]/f] lxt x'g]5 . pkTosfdf eP jdf]lhdsf Æs'g} pBf]u Jojzfo jf ;]jf ;~rfng
;dy{g u/] lsgls pxf+sf] egfO{ lyof] a;]/ kqsfl/tf If]qdf ;+3if{/t ;a}
dlxnf kqsf/nfO{ ;lrj of sf]iffWoIf dw]zL kqsf/x¿sf] lrGtf d]/f] klg ug]{ p2]Zon] k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd :yflkt !) hgf l;d]G6 pBf]usf] pTkfbgdf /f]s
sf7df8f}F . u'0f:t/ tyf gfktf}n sf/vfgfdf lznaGbL u/L xfnsf]
h:tf lhDd]jf/ kb lbg' k5{ . To; lrGtf ag]sf] 5 . dw]zL kqsf/ jf ;f] eGbf a9L sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L sfo{/t /x]sf]
clwj]zgdf pkl:yt cGo ;fyLx¿n] ;dfhnfO{ ;+k0" f{ dw]zL kqsf/x¿sf] ljefun] >L l;d]G6; / cDa] l;d]G6n] nflu pTkfbgdf /f]s nufPsf] u'0f:t/
klg pxf+sf] egfO{nfO{ ;dy{g ub}{ ;femf ;+ u 7gsf] ¿kdf cufl8 s'g} sf/vfgf sDkgL ;+u7g kmd{ jf ltgsf] ;d'x Æ n] tf]lsPsf] dfkb08ljk/Lt pTkfbg u/L tyf gfk tf}n sfof{no jL/uGh ;|ft] n]
pkfWoIf;Ddsf] lhDd] j f/L lbg a9fpg] d]/f] k|of; x'g5] . pkTosfdf pkef]tf{nfO{ 7uL u/]sf] cf/f]kdf tL hgfPsf] 5 . ;|ft] sf cg';f/, ljefun]
;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf $ -s_ adf]lhd o; ljefusf] l:js[lt sf/vfgfsf] pTkfbgdf /f]s nufPsf] u'0f:t/xLg l;d]G6 pTkfbg ug{ tL
pbf/tf b]vfP . of] ;a b[io x]/]/ /x]/ kqsfl/tf k]zfdf cfa4 @))
Pp6f s'/fsf] uj{ s] eof] eg] c¿ eGbf a9L dw]zL kqsf/x¿sf] of] lnP/ dfq u}/ g]kfnL gful/snfO{ sfddf nufpg 5 . s]xL lbgcl3 u/]sf] cg'udgsf sf/vfgfsf] pTkfbgdf /f]s nufP/
;dfhdf dlxnfx¿nfO{ h] h:tf kl/jf/ sf] g]t[Tj kfp+bf d]/f] dfly qmddf tL l;d] G 6 sf/vfgfaf6 To;sf ;~rfns;Fu :ki6Ls/0f
Jojxf/ u/] k lg dw] z L vf;ul/ 7"nf] lhDd]jf/L cfPsf] d}n] dx;"; ;lsg] sfg'gL Joj:yf ePsf]n] ;f] cg';f/ ug'{ u/fpg' pTkflbt l;d]G6n] tf]lsPsf] dfkb08 ;f]lwPsf] 5 . :ki6Ls/0f cfPkl5 dfq
kqsfl/tf If] q df sfd ug] { u/]sf] 5' . kl/jf/ hlt 7"nf] of ;fgf] x'g ;DjlGwt ;j}sf] hfgsf/Lsf nflu cg'/f]w 5 . k"/f gu/]sf] kfOPsfn] ljefun] yk yk sf/afxLsf] k|lqmof cl3 a9fpg]
k' ¿ if;fyLx¿ cfˆgf dlxnf xf];\ kl/jf/nfO{ rnfpg dlxnf ;Ifd cg';Gwfg / 5fglagsf nflu tL tof/L ljefusf] 5 .
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dlxnf e]befj / j}bl] zs /f]huf/L 6]lnsdn] PglhPg ;]jf ;'? ug]{
sf7df8f}F . -g]kfn 6]lnsdn] cfpFbf] r}tleq d'ns
h]g/] ;
' sf * 7fpFdf g]S:6
] g g]6js{PglhPg_ ;]jf ;'? ug{] ePsf] 5 . sDkgLn] /fhwfgL;lxt
cfh klg dlxnfx? ;fdflhs, lx+;fsf] l;sf/ ePsf 5g\ . ul/aL / jL/uGh, g]kfnuGh, e}/xjfnufot 7fpFdf PglhPgcGtu{t dN6L ;le{;
cfly{s / /fhg}lts If]qaf6 pTkLl8t
/ pk] l Ift 5g\ . ;/sf/L tyf
ax;dfly ax; a]/f]huf/L jt{dfg g]kfnsf] h'DNofxf
;d:of x'g\ . oL ;d:of;Fu h'Wgsf
PS;]; u]6j]-PdP;PhL_ ;]jf ;'? ug{ nfu]sf] xf] .Ú ;]jf ;'? ug{] tLa|
?kdf pks/0fx? h8fg eO/x]sf] 5,Ú 6]lnsd lkmS:8 6]lnkmf]g nfOg
u}/;/sf/L If]qaf6 dlxnf xs, lxt sNkgf kf}8n
] nflu g]kfnLx? ljb]lzg] qmd hf/L 5 . ;]jfsf lgb]{]zs eutdfg l;+x k|wfgn] eg], …r}tb]lv u|fxsnfO{ ;]jf
/ clwsf/sf lglDt ul/Psf k|oTgsf j} b ] l zs /f] h uf/ laefusf] ljt/0f ;'? ug{5 ] f}+ .Ú 6]lnsdn] lrlgofF sDkgL h]8l6O;Fusf] ;fem]bf/Ldf
afah'b dlxnfx?sf] l:yltdf tflTjs /vjfnf jt{dfg /fHo Joj:yfsf sfg'gdf anfTsf/l;4 ug]{ kof{Kt clen]vcg';f/ xfn;Dd g]kfnaf6 of] ;]jf lj:tf/ ug{ nfu]sf] xf] . PglhPg ;]jf ;'? ePkl5 u|fxsn] Pp6}
cGt/ cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . dlxnfdfly gfOs]x?n] ljjfxnfO{ k|lti7fsf] ljifo cfwf/ gxFb' f d'2f xfl/g] l:ylt klg >d :jLs[t lnP/ ljb]lzg]sf] ;+Vof tf/af6 EjfO;, 8f6f / lel8of] ;]jf kfpg ;Sg]5g\ . xfnnfO{ eg] sDkgLn]
x'g] cg]s pTkL8gdWo] 3/]n' lx+;faf6 agfpg] / s/f]8f}F vr{ ug{] kl/kf6Ln] 5 . dft[Tj Ifdtf af]ss ] f dlxnfx?sf] @% nfv gfl3;s]sf] 5 . o;df lel8of] jf 6]lnlehg ;]jf lbg]5}g .Ú clxn]nfO{ EjfO; / 8f6f ;]jf dfq
klg g]kfnL dlxnfx? plQs} k|efljt bfOhf] k|yf lg?T;flxt ug's { f]] ;f6f] /h:jnfnfO{ 5fpk8L k|yfn] cToGt} dlxnfx?sf] ;+Vof klg pNn]vgLo 5 . rnfOg]5,Ú pgn] eg], …OG6/g]6df cfwfl/t l6eL rnfpg eg] tof/L
5g\ . lat]sf Ps jif{df Ps ;o %@ a9fjf lbg] sfd ePsf] 5 . u}/;/sf/L 3[l0ft / ckdflgt t'NofPsf] 5 . cf=j @)^*÷^( sf] tYofÍcg';f/ x'bF 5
} .Ú ;fwf/0f 6]lnkmf]g nfOg -lkP;l6Pg_ PglhPgdf kl/0ft ePkl5
hgf dlxnfsf] xTof @ ;o !! hgfsf] tYofÍcg';f/ #^ k|ltzt dlxnfx? /h:jnfsf] ;d:ofdf dlxnfnfO{ kof{Kt ljb]lzg] #,*$,^^% dWo] @@,(%* pRr ultsf] OG6/g]6 / u'0f:t/Lo cfjfh;lxtsf] 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf u|fxsn]
anfTsf/ -h;dWo] @# hgf dlxnf bfOhf] k|yfsf] ;d:ofn] kLl8t 5g\ . cf/fd / kf}li6s vfgfsf] cfjZostf dlxnf lyP . xfn}sf] g]kfn hLjg:t/ k|of]u ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . PglhPgdfkm{t\ ljt/Lt 6]lnkmf]g rnfpg u|fxsn]
cfˆg} kl/jf/sf ;b:oaf6 anfTs[t_, dfgj ;dfhn] @! cf}F ztfAbLdf kfOnf x'G5g† t/ ;'b"/ klZrdsf s]xL ;j]I{ f0fcg';f/ sl/a %%=* k|ltzt k'/fg} kmf]g ;]6 k|of]u ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . t/, OG6/g]6 rnfpg eg] df]8d ]
!@ hgf dlxnfåf/f cfTdxTof / &% 6]Sbf;Dd klg g]kfnL ;dfhdf af]S;Lsf] lhNnfx?df /h:jnf ePsf dlxnfnfO{ 3/w'/Ln] lak|i] f0f cfo leq\ofpg] u5{g\ . hf]8\g'k5{ df]8]d hf]8]/ sDKo'6/df OG6/g]6dfkm{t\ 6]lnlehg;d]t x]g{
hgf dlxnf af]S;Lsf] cf/f]kdf kLl8t gfddf dlxnfx?nfO{ dnd"q v'jfpg] uf]7df /fVg] / b"w, bxLh:tf kf}li6s h;cg';f/ g]kfnsf] s'n ufx{:y ldN5 . clxn] klg u|fxsn] Pp6} tf/dfkm{t\ ;Fu} 6]lnkmf]g / OG6/g]6 rNg]
ePsf] tYofÍn] b]vfPsf] 5 . dlxnf h:tf ck/fwhGo sfd x'g' Hofb} vfgfaf6 al~rt ul/G5 . lj1fgn] pTkfbgdf lak|]if0fsf] of]ubfgsf] Pl8P;Pn ;]jf k|of]u ul//x]sf 5g\ . PglhPgdf eg] u|fxsn] yk ;]jf /
lx+;flj/f]wL !^ lbg] cleofgs} qmddf nHhfhgs s'/f xf] . ;dfhdf af]S;L oltsf k|ult ul/;Sbf klg g]kfnL cfwf/df ljZjel/df kfFrf}F :yfgdf pRr u'0f:t/ kfpg] k|wfgn] hfgsf/L lbP . pgsf cg';f/ klxnf] r/0fdf
dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL # xhf/ & ;o ToxL x'G5, hf] c;xfo, sdhf]/, ;dfhsf] dfgl;stf p7g ;s]sf] g]kfn k/]sf] 5 . xfn b}lgs ;/b/ sDkgLn] * 7fpFdf % xhf/sf b/n] sl/a $) xhf/ 6]lnkmf]g nfOg
$( ph'/L btf{ ePsf 5g\ . bf; clzlIft / ul/a 5g . cfh;Dd 5}g . wd{sf] gfdaf6 klg dlxnfx? !,))) eGbf a9L g]kfnLx? /f]huf/Lsf lj:tf/ ug]{5 . oxL ;]jfdf ;x/L If]qsf u|fxssf nflu eg] a|f]8AofG8
Joj:yfdf dfG5]sf] klg Jofkf/ wgL, alnof] dfG5] af]S;L ag]sf] 5}g . plQs} 7luPsf 5g\ . ;+;f/sf ;a} vflt/ d'n's aflx/ lg:sG5g\ . OG6/g]6 klg ;d]l6Psf] 5 . o;nfO{ 6]lnsdn] …kmfOa/ 6' xf]d -
ul/GYof] . Toltv]/ dfG5]nfO{ a]Rg], s'6g], s] af]S;L ljwf sdhf]/, c;xfo, wd{ lkt[;QfTds 5g\ . ;+;f/sf ;a} k|ltjif{ g]kfnL o'jfx? j}bl] zs >d Pkml6l6Pr_Ú k|ljlwsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug{5 ] . PglhPg ;]jf lnPsf u|fxsn]
/ dfg]{ klg ul/GYof] . Tolt a]nf oL clzlIftn] dfq l;Sg] ljwf xf] / < wfld{s u|Gyx? k'?ifn] g} agfPsf x'g\ . ahf/df rf/ nfvsf] xf/fxf/Ldf cfpg] OG6/g]6 k|f6] f]sn -cfOkL_df cfwfl/t sn;d]t ug{ ;Sg]5g\. …OG6/g]6
36gfdf k/]/ slt hgf uxel/ cfFz' o;af6 of] k|:6 x'G5 ls af]S;L x]nf wfld{s JofVof, ljZn]if0f / k|jrg ug{] u/]sf] kfOG5 . :jb]zdf /f]huf/Lsf] hf]l8Psf ;+;f/sf h'g;'s} sDKo'6/, :df6{kmf]gnufotsf] k|of]u u/L lel8of]
emfb}{ eg] sltko l/;n] r'/ x'Gy] . u/]/ k|of]u ul/g] zAb xf] . af]S;L sfo{ klg k'?ifn] g} u/]sf 5g\ . 7"N7"nf cj;/ l;h{gf gx'~h]n a}b]lzs sn / OGofG6 Dof;]h k7fpg ldNg] ;]jf o;df ylkFb5 } ,Ú k|wfgn] eg], …of]
sltko bf/f ls6\y] . sltko d'¶L olb ljBf xf] eg] To;sf] u'? sf] < Tof] bz{g, l;4fGtsf JofVofsf/ klg k'?if /f]huf/df nfUg]x?sf] z[v + nf /f]lsg] cfw'lgs k|ljlw ePsfn] u|fxsn] gofF–gofF ;]jf kfpg]5g\ .Ú PglhPg ;]jf
s;]/ Tof] cGofok"0f{ Joj:yfsf] lj/f]w s'g ljZjljBfnodf k9fOG5 . Tof] ljBf g} 5g\ . o;/L ;a} If]qdf k'?ifn] ljho 5}g . cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# n] ;'? ePkl5 kl5Nnf] ;do cfwf/e"t 6]lnkmf]gaf6 df]afOnlt/ cfslif{t
ub{y] . cfh Tof] qm'/ / lgr k|sf/sf] k'?ifn] lsg k9\bg} g\ < o;sf] hjfkm sfod ul/;s]kl5 pgLx?n] cfkmgf] /f] h uf/sf] clwsf/nfO{ df} l ns u|fxsdWo] s]xL u|fxs cfwf/e"t 6]lnkmf]gdf kms{g] sDkgLsf] cg'dfg 5 .
dflgg] bf; Joj:yf clttsf] ljifoj:t' af]S;L egL cf/f]k nufpg]x?n] lnË cg'sn ' tfdf lgod agfP / nfu" clwsf/sf] ?kdf /fv]sf] 5 . ;/sf/n] k|wfgn] PglhPgdfkm{t\ lbOg] ;]jfsf] u'0f:t/ /fd|f] x'gs ' f ;fy} gofF ;]jf
alg;s]sf] 5 . ;fdfGo ?kdf x]bf{ lx+;f lbg'k5{ . jt{dfg ljZj lj1fg / u/] . o;/L lx+;fsf ljleGg ?kx?dWo] cfly{s ljsf; / ;d[l4sf] tTsfnLg ylkP klg z'Ns eg] xfns} sfod x'g] hfgsf/L lbP . …EjfO;sf nflu
zAb zf/Ll/s oftgf jf s'6lk6;Fu k|ljlwn] olt zlStzfnL alg;Sbf klg b]psL k|yf, 5'jf5't cflb klg lx+;fsf sfo{ o f] h gf @)^* / ;' z f;g lkP;l6Pg / 8f6fsf nflu Pl8P;Pns} z'Ns x'g5 ] ,Ú pgn] eg], …kl5
;DalGwt b]lvG5 t/ o;n] Jofks g]kfnL dfg;k6ndf af]S;Lsf] e"t x6\g ?kx? x'g\ . af6f]df lxFl8/x]sf] a]nf sfo{of]hgf @)^* df klg /f]huf/ o;df cfO6L l6eL, lel8of] cg l8dfN8nufot ;]jf ylkg]5g\ .Ú 6]lnsdn]
cy{ cf]u6\l:5 . cfh klg dlxnfx? ;s]sf] 5}g . g]kfnL dfgl;stf cem dlxnfnfO{ k'?ifn] lh:sfpF5 eg] Tof] j[l4df hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . rfn' cfly{s ;g\ @)!% leq ;a} 6]lnkmf]g nfOgnfO{ OG6/g]6df cfwfl/t agfpg]
7"nf] ;+Vofdf 3/]n' lx+;faf6 cftlÍt klg ;fdGtL, ?l9jfbL / cGwljZjfzsf] klg lx+;fsf] ?k xf] . s;}nfO{ dfgl;s jif{nfO{ nufgL jif{sf ?kdf 3f]if0ff of]hgfcg'?k PglhPg ;]jf ;'? u/]sf] xf] . PglhPgsf] klxnf] r/0fdf
5g\ . Pp6f ;j{]If0fcg';f/ *@ 3]/faf6 dfly p7\g ;s]sf] 5}g . af]S;L ?kdf cK7\of/f]df k'¥ofOG5 eg] Tof] u/]sf] 5 . ;/sf/sf] o; tTk/tfnfO{ s'n Ps nfv cfwf/e"t 6]lnkmf]gnfO{ of] k|ljlwdf ?kfGt/0f ug{] sDkgLsf]
k|ltzt dlxnfx? 3/]n' lx+;faf6 h:tf] cnf}lss zlStsf] s'/f u/]/ klg lx+;f xf] . o;/L ;fdflhs, cfly{s, Jojxfl/s agfpg ;+jb] gzLn If]qdf of]hgf 5 . sDkgLn] lrlgofF sDkgLx? x'jfj] / h]8l6O{;uF PglhPg
k|efljt 5g\ . ;f;'n] a'xf/Ldfly ug]{ dlxnfnfO{ oftgf lbg] / dnd"q v'jfpg] /fhg}lts, ;f+:s[lts, wfld{s ?kaf6 /f]huf/sf laz]if Kofs]h sfo{qmd nfu" k|ljlw lj:tf/sf nflu pks/0f lsGg] ;Demf}tf u/]/ vl/b ul/;s]sf] 5 .
/ kltn] kTgLdfly s'6lk6 ug{], sfo{ x'g' lj8Djgfsf] ljifo xf] . k5fl8 kfl/Psf / 7luPsf dlxnfx? ug'k' g]{ b]lvG5g† h;n] ubf{ lx+;faf6 sDkgLn] of] ;]jf ;'? ePkl5 u|fdL0f tx;Dd pRr ultsf] OG6/g]6 /
dlxnfsf] OR5f ljk/Lt of}g b'/frf/ ;dfhdf cfh klg ;of}F af]S;Lsf] dfga clwsf/sf] dfldnfdf ;a}eGbf d'lSt kfpg ljb]z tfSg] k|jl[ Qaf6 6]lnlehg kxF'r lj:tf/ x'g] hgfPsf] 5 . of] ;]jfnfO{ clxn] lglZrt
ug],{ k'q nfe gePsf]df dlxnfdfly cf/f]kdf k|tfl8t alg/x]sf 5g\ . 7luPsf 5g\† lsgeg] ;dfg ?kdf dlxnfnfO{ lg?T;flxt ug{ ;lsof];\ . :yfgdf ;'? ul/P klg &% j6} lhNnfdf lj:tf/ ug]{ sDkgLsf] of]hgf
x'g] dfgl;s oftgf cflb 3/]n' lx+;fsf r]nLa]6L a]rlavg g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df lhpg kfpg' tyf ;dfg cj;/ kfpg' dlxnfx?nfO{ sfg'gL pNemgaf6 d'St 5 . ut d+l;/;Ddsf] tYof+scg';f/ 6]lnsdsf] cfwf/e"t 6]lnkmf]g k|of]u
s]xL pbfx/0f x'g\ . w]/} dlxnfx? kltsf] Pp6f k|dv ' ;d:ofsf] ag]sf] 5 . dfG5]n] dfG5] eO{ afRg kfpg' dfgj u/L cfly{ s ;zStLs/0fsf ug]{ u|fxssf] ;+Vo ^ nfv ## xhf/ # ;o &) /x]sf] 5 . kl5Nnf
ha/h:tL s/0fLaf6 kLl8t 5g\† t/ g]kfndf j;]l{ g % b]lv & xhf/;Ddsf] clwsf/sf] dfGo l;4fGt xf] . o; sfo{qmdåf/f cfTdlge{/ agfpg ljb]z jif{x?df cfwf/e"t 6]lnkmf]gsf u|fxs vf;} a9\g ;s]sf 5}gg\ . of] ;]jf
pgLx? o;nfO{ ph'/Lsf] laifo agfpg] ;+Vofdf g]kfnL r]nLx? ef/tsf] cj:ydf ;jn / ;d'Ggt ;dfh knfog x'gaf6 /f]Sg'kb{5 . ljb]zdf ;'? ePkl5 o;df ;'wf/ x'g] 6]lnsdn] hgfPsf] 5 .
;fx; ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ . oBlk 3/]n' a]Zofnodf a]lrg] u5{ . 8]9 nfveGbf lgdf0fsf nflu cfwfeGbf a9L ;+Vofdf sfdsf] k|sl[ t / a;fOFsf lx;fan]
lx+;f;DaGwL ck/fw, cg';Gwfg tyf
;hfosf] Joj:yf ug{ ag]sf] ljw]os
a9L g]kfnL dlxnfx? ef/tsf ljleGg
zx/df zl// a]lrPsf 5g\ . clxn]
/x]sf dlxnfx?sf] ;du| kIfdf ;'wf/
ug{' clxn]sf] d'Vo sfo{ef/ xf] . 3/]n'
ljz] i ftM vf8L d' n ' s df 3/] n '
sfdbf/sf ?kdf hfg] dlxnfx? a9L
:jf:Yosf nflu gl/jnsf] kfgL
ef/tsf] af6f] x'Fb} ;+;f/sf cGo lx+;f / ul/aLn] kLl8t w]/} g]kfnL sf7df8f}F . gl/jnsf] kfgL vfg' dfG5]sf] :jf:Yosf nflu nfebfos
kfl/t eO;s]sf] 5† t/ 3/]n' lx+;faf6 zf]if0f / lx+;fdf kg{] u/]sf 5g\ . Tolt
d'ns ' df k'¥ofOPsf g]kfnL r]nLx?sf] dlxnf j}bl] zs /f]huf/Ldf nfUg afWo 5 . cem gl/jnsf] kfgL vfg' k'?ifsf] nflu eGbf dlxnfsf] nflu al9
kLl8t dlxnfx?n] ph'/L lbg] ;fx; dfq geO{ :jb]zdf kmls{Pkl5 klg
cj:yf Hofb} 8/nfUbf] 5 . o;/L 5g\ . kl/jf/ / cfˆgf] eljionfO{ kmfObfhgs x'G5 . cg';Gwfgn] gl/jnsf] kfgL dlxnfsf] :jf:Yosf nflu
w]/} sdn] dfq ub{5g\ . cfhsf] ;fdflhs nf~5gf, >Ldfg\–>LdtLaLr
ef/tsf] v'nf ;Ldfgfsf sf/0f dfgj cfly{s 6]jf k'¥ofpg dfq xf]Og, 3/]n' lgs} nfebfos b]vfPsf] 5 . lk;fa kf]Ng], z/L/df kfgLsf] sdL cyf{t\
;dfh, ;+:s[lt, wd{ cflbn] k'?ifn] j}dg:otf h:tf ;d:ofn] yk lx+;f
t:s/LnfO{ ;xhtf k}bf ePsf] 5 . lx+;faf6 d'St x'g, n}lËs, ;f+:s[lts, l8xfO8«];g x'g] ;d:ofaf6 d'lSt kfpg dfq xf]Og 5fnfsf] ;'Gb/tf /
dlxnfdfly ug{ lx+;fnfO{ j}wflgstf lelqPsf] 5g† h;sf] kl/0ffd:j? Ps
ljz]if u/L b'u{d a:tLsf l;wf, ;fdflhs zf]if0f / k'/' ftgjfbL d"No, :jf:Yosf ;fy} df]6f]kg 36fpg ;d]t gl/jnsf] kfgL sfdofaL x'G5 .
lbg] sfd u/]sf] 5 . To;sf/0f k'?ifsf] k6s a}bl] zs /f]huf/df uPsfdWo] w]/}
clzlIft ul/a dlxnfx?nfO{ gf]s/L dfGotfaf6 5'6sf/f kfpgsf nflu cem ue{jtL dlxnfsf nflu gl/jnsf] kfgL lkpg} emg} kmfObfhgs x'g]
HofbtLlj?4 ph'/L lbFbf dlxnfx? dlxnfx? k'gM ljb]z kms{g] u/]sf] tYofÍ
lbg] axfgfdf jf ljjfx u/]/ 3'Dg n}hfg] klg g] k fnL dlxnfx? c:yfoL atfOPsf] 5 . gl/jnsf] kfgLn] dlxnfdf k'¥ofpg] cGo nfe o;k|sf/
cfk"mnfO{ c;'/lIft dx;'; u/]sf] l:ylt 5 . 5f]/f, a'xf/L, 5f]/Lx? lab]lzFbf
axfgfdf r]nLa]6Lx?sf] a]rlavg x'g] sfdbf/sf] ?kdf lab]lzg] qmd a9\bf] 5g\– gl/jnsf] kfgL lkpgfn] ue{jtL dlxnfdf laxfgkv x'g] afGtf /f]Sg
5 . ax'ljjfx klg dlxnfx?sf nflu s]6fs]6Lsf] x]/rfxdf j[4 dftf–lktf,
u/]sf] 5 . cfkmGthgaf6 klg o:tf 5 . o;/L ljb]lzg] dlxnfx? ;'?b]lv ;3fp k'/fpF5 . gl/jnsf] kfgLdf x'g] ljleGg k|sf/sf nj0fx?, le6fldg
Ps k|sf/sf] pTkL8g g} xf] . …db{sL ;f;'–;;'/fnfO{ yk af]em eO/x]sf] 5 .
lqmofsnfk k|z:t} x'g] u/]sf] kfOG5 . cGTo;Dd} lx+;fdf kg]{ u/]sf 5g\ . ;L nufotsf tTj ue{jtL dlxnf / ue{sf] aRrfnfO{ lgs} kmfObf k'/fpF5g\ .
bz j6LÚ eGg] pvfg} 5 . k'?ifn] csf]{ o;n] ubf{ kfl/jfl/s lavG8g, rsf]{
dfG5]n] dfG5]nfO{ laqmL ug]{ h:tf] :jb]zd} bnfnn] cgfjZos sld;g gl/jnsf] kfgL lgoldt lkpg] dlxnfdf d'qgnLsf] ;+qmd0fsf] vt/f klg
ljjfx u5{ . To;nfO{ ;dfhn] ;fdfGo Aofh b/sf] C0fef/, cfl>t kl/jf/hg
h3Go ck/fw xF ' b f ;d] t /fHo vf]H5g\ . sltko cj:yfdf cfˆg} sd x'G5 . o;n] 9';L k}bf ug{] AofS6]l/ofnfO{ dfl/lbG5 . To;}n] lk;fa
?kdf lnG5 . ToxL sfd Pp6L dlxnfn] s'ntdf km:g] h:tf ;fdflhs ;d:of
d" s bz{ s eP/ a;] s f] b] l vG5 . kl/jf/sf dfGohgn] ljb]z k7fpg ;DaGwL ;d:of ePsf dlxnfn] klg b}lgs gl/jnsf] kfgL lkpg' lgs}
u5{ eg] Tof] ck/fwhGo x'G5 . ljifo klg b]lvg yfn]sf 5g\ . ctM a}bl] zs
r]nLa]6L a]rlavg dfgj t:s/x?sf] bafj l;h{gf u5{g\ . lx+;f ljdfg:ynd} pQd dflgG5 . z/L/df kfgLsf] cfk"lt{nfO{ ;Gt'lnt ug{ / ljiffSt
Pp6} x'G5 t/ dfkb08 a]Un} x'G5 . /f]huf/Lsf sf/0f sdhf]/ xFb' } uPsf]
gfkmf sdfpg] 7"n} wGbf alg;Sof] . x'G5 . ;]N6/ xf]ddf e]8f–afv|f h:tf] tTjnfO{ aflx/ Nofpg gl/jnsf] kfgLn] ;xof]u k'/fpF5 . gl/jnsf] kfgLn]
o;/L Pp6} ljifodf ;dfhsf] b'O{ d"No–dfGotfnfO{ a]nd} f klxrfg u/L
of}g Jofkf/sf] /fhwfgL dflgg] ef/tsf] u/L 3/dflnssf] kvf{Odf w]/} ;+Vofdf jhg lgoGq0f cyf{t\ df]6f]kg 36fpg ;xof]u u5{ . gl/jnsf] kfgL
k| s f/sf] dfkb08 a] U n} x' G 5 . ;'wfg]{ / dlxnfdfly x'g] u/]sf lx+;f
zx/ d'DaO{df j]Zofj[lQ ug]{ s'n nfdf] ;do s'/fpF5g . tf]s] hlt tna lkpgfn] z/L/df hd]sf] cgfjZos af];f] 36fpg'sf ;fy} /utdf
;j]I{ f0fcg';f/ ^$ k|ltzt dlxnfx? /f]Sgsf nflu ;/sf/L / cGo ;DalGwt
dlxnfx?sf] cfwf ;+Vof g]kfnLx? /x]sf] glbP/ Hofnfsf] zf]if0f x'G5 . ladf/L sf]n:] 6]/f]nsf] dfqf klg sd u5{ . gl/jnsf] kfgLsf] lgoldt ;]jg ugf{n]
ax'ljjfxaf6 kLl8t /x]sf] b]lvG5 . lgsfox?n] Wofg lbg' h?/L ePsf] 5 .
cg'dfg 5 . o;/L nfvf}F dlxnfx? kbf{ /fd|f] pkrf/ x'Gg . of}ghGo 5fnf :j:y tyf ;'Gb/ aG5 . gl/jnsf] kfgL lkpg'sf] csf]{ kmfObf s] xf]
b'ud{ ufpFdf uP/ x]g{] xf] eg] o;sf] – xfn Oh/fOn
ef/tsf] j]Zofnodf gf/sLo hLjg eg] o;n] of]gLsf] ;+qmd0fnufotsf sf/0faf6 of]gLdf x'g] hngnfO{ sd
;+Vof cem a9L kfpg ;lsG5 . …db{sf
Joltt ug{ afWo agfpg] dfgj u5{ . olb lk;fa kf]Ng] ;d:of 5 eg] To;af6 d'lSt kfpg gl/jnsf]
bz j6LÚ eGg] pvfgn] ;dfhdf lhof]nfO6 k|ljlwsf] vfg]kfgL of]hgf
tis/x? ;dfhdf v'nc ] fd lxFl8/x]sf kfgL lkpg' pQd pkfo dflgG5 .
dlxnfdfly ;f}tf xfNgsf] nflu v'nf
5g\ . anfTsf/ cToGt} ;+jb] gzLn sf7df8f} F . s~rgk' / sf] wft'sf kfFrj6f 6\ofÍLdf kfgL k7fpg]
5'6 lbG5 jf k|fT] ;fxg lbG5 . o;/L
ax'ljjfxn] k'?ifnfO{ Ps} k6s PseGbf ljifo xf] . anfTsf/n] dlxnfnfO{ eLdbQgu/kflnsf–! efF;Ldf g]kfnd} Joj:yf ug]{ / To;df k|ltlbg @)) uf]xL u0fgf ;DkGg
a9L dlxnf;Fu Jolerf/ ug{] 5'6 lbG5 zf/Ll/s dfq xf]Og, dfgl;s ?kdf klxnf]k6s lhof]nfO6 k|ljlwsf] lsnf] l9s] g'g xfn]/ kfgLdf /x]sf] sf7df8f}F . lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] ;Ldf If]qdf aUg] /fKtL /
eg] dlxnfx? ;DklQsdf ;dfg ;d]t uDeL/ cf3ft k'Ub5 . t/ vfg]kfgL of]hgf ;~rfngdf cfpg] SoflN;od Go"gLs/0f u/L d'Vo 6ofÍLdf gf/fo0fL gbLdf 3l8ofn uf]xL u0fgf sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . gf/fo0fLsf]
clwsf/sf] cefjdf cg]s oftgf ;x]/ g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df anfTsf/sf s}o} f}F ePsf] 5 . kfgLdf ePsf] SoflN;od kfgL k7fO{ kfOknfOgdfkm{t\ pkef]StfnfO{ l;v|f}nLb]lv lqj]0fL;Dd / /fKtLsf] lhGbufgL 3f6af6 bf]efg;Dd gbL
klg ;f}tf / nf]Ug];uF } si6k|b hLjg 36gf aflx/ cfpg ;Sb}gg\ lsgeg] Go"gLs/0f ug{sf nflu lhof]nfO6 cfk"lt{ ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfOg] k|dv ' 5]pdf uf]xL u0fgf ul/Psf] lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~hsf ;xfos ;+/If0f
latfpg afWo 5g\ . bfOhf] k|yf klg ;dfhn] dlxnfsf] cl:dtfnfO{ of}g k|ljlwsf] k|of]u u/L vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf 8f]6n] n] atfP . pgsf cg';f/ o;/L clws[t j]b v8\sfn] hfgsf/L lbP . tLglbg nufP/ uf]xL u0fgf ul/Psf]
dlxnf lx+;fsf] Pp6f ?k xf] . vf;u/L z'4tf;Fu hf]8/] x]g{] ub{5 . olt x'bF fxFb' } ;~rfng x'g nfu]sf] xf] . SoflN;od - 6ofÍLd} SoflN;od Go"gLs/0f ePkl5 xf] . kfgLaflx/ afn'jfdf k|ToIf x]/]/ ul/Psf] u0fgfnfO{ le8fP/
t/fO{nfO{ o; ;d:ofn] lgs} ufh]sf] klg o'4sf] ;dodf xf];\ of zflGtsf] r'g_ n] cfof]hgfsf kfOkx?df cj/f]w kfgLsf kfOkx? Ans x'g] ;d:of x'bF g} . Psdlxgfleqdf olsg ;+Vof cfpg] v8\sfn] atfP . ;g\ @)!! df u0fgf
5 . bfOhf]] dfu]adf]lhd lbg g;s]sf ;dodf, anfTsf/sf 36gf lbgx'h F ;f] l;h{gf u/L cfof]hgf g} s]xL jif{kl5 …of] k|ljlw vlr{nf] eP klg cfof]hgfnfO{ ubf{ /fKtL gbLdf ## / gf/fo0fL gbLdf $* j6f uf]xL e]l6Psf] lyof] eg]
sf/0f nf]Ug] / ;f;' ldn]/ a'xf/Lsf] 3l6/x]sf 5g\ . & jif{sf] aRrfb]lv aGb x'g] cj:y l;h{gf x'g glbg pSt bL3{sfnLg?kdf ;~rfng ug{ ;3fp b]ze/df @)@ j6f uf]xL e]l6Psf lyP . gf/fo0fL / /fKtLafx]s s0ff{nL /
xTof;Dd ul/Psf y'k}| 36gf 5g\ . &) jif{sf] a[4 dlxnfx? anfTsf/sf k|ljlwsf] k|of]u ug'{ k/]sf] vfg]kfgL tyf k'¥ofpg] ePsfn] pkef]Stfsf] cfu|xd} aaxL gbLdf 3l8ofn uf]xL /x]sf 5g\ . ljZjd} g]kfn / ef/tdf dfq}
o;/L >LdtLnfO{ hLjg;fyLsf] ?kdf lzsf/ eO/x]sf 5g\ . anfTsf/ h:tf] ;/;kmfO ;j l8lehg sfof{no ;~rfng x'g nfu]sf] xf]Ú pGn] eg] . kfOg] nf]kf]Gd'v 3l8ofn uf]xL ;+/If0fsf nflu g]kfndf @)#% ;fnaf6
xf]Og, j:t'sf] ?kdf x]g{] Jofkfl/s / h3Go ck/fwdf ;d]t s7f]/ sfg'g dx]Gb|gu/sf k|dv ' k|d] 8f]6n] n] atfP . Pl;ofnL ljsf; a} + s sf] ?= !! cleofg yflnPsf] xf] . xfn;Dd rf/ gbLdf *&! j6f uf]xL 5fl8;lsPsf]
;dfGtjfbL lrGtgaf6 u|l;t xFb' f o; aGg g;Sbf anfTsf/Lx? v'nf ?kdf ;f] k|ljlwsf] k|of]u u/L vfg]kfgL s/f]8eGbf a9Lsf] nufgLdf pSt 5 . ;xfos ;+/If0f clws[t v8\sfsf cg';f/ of] jif{sf] tYofÍdf uf]xLsf]
k|sf/sf 36gfn] 7fpF kfO/x]sf] lxFl8/x]sf 5g\ . Ps u}/;/sf/L cfof]hgf ;~rfng x'g nfu]sf] of] cfof]hgf lgdf{0f x'g nfu]sf] xf] . ;f] ;+Vof a9\g] lglZrt 5 . kfgLaflx/ dfq x]//] u0fgf ul/g] xFb' f tYofÍnfO{
b]lvG5 . bfOhf]nfO{ g]kfnLdf sfg'gL ;j{I] f0fcg';f/ ## k|ltzt dlxnfx? g]kfnd} klxnf] xf] pgn] eg] . lhof]nfO6 cfof]hgfaf6 Ps xhf/ % ;o pkef]Stf Go"gtd?kdf lng ;lsg] pgn] atfP . t/fO{ e"kl/lw sfo{qmd / /fli6«o
dfGotf k|fKt geP klg sfg'gsf anfTsf/sf] lzsf/ alg/x]sf 5g\ . k|ljlwcGtu{t cfof]hgfn] lgdf{0f ug{] nfeflGjt x'g] atfOPsf] 5 . k|s[lt ;+/Ô0f sf]Èsf] cfly{s ;xof]udf uf]xL u0fgf ul/Psf] xf] .
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ˆ
Oh/fon e"ldaf6 l;Sg' kg]{ s'/f
xfdL lab]zdf cfˆgf] ;–;fgf h;df clt g} w/}tf, ;xgzLntf /
/f]huf/Lsf nflu b}lgs !% ;o;Dd o'jf
sf7df8f}F . /fhgLlts cl:yt/tfsf sf/0f rfn" cfly{s jif{df ;ft dlxgfdf
/f]huf/Lsf nflu lab]l;g] o'jfsf] ;+Vof ## k|ltztn] a9]sf] 5 . ;ft dlxgfdf
;Gtfg / a'9f a'9L cfdf clg dfof lgzf cof{n nuglzntfsf] cfaZo kb{5, cfˆgf] dn]l;of, vf8Lnufot d'ns ' df @ nfv #& xhf/ ^ ;o *^ o'jf uPsf 5g\ .
ug{ >Ldfg\ jf >LdtL kl/jf/nfO{ xdnfsf] l;sf/ eO/xg] / xFb' } cfPsf kmnfpg] / d/e'dL xl/of] ;'Gb/ au}rf l/z, qmf]w clg 3d08nfO{ k/} /fvL ut jif{ oxL cjlwdf ! nfv &* xhf/ & ;o !% o'jf lab]lzPsf lyP . of]
5f8L ef]lnsf] lbgsf] z'v zflGt / l:yltdf klg ;g\ !(^& h'g % tfl/s / ljleGg kmnk'mnsf af]6 la?jfn] pgLx?sf] tfndf rNg' kg]{ s'/fn] aLrdf dn]l;of, vf8L d'ns ' df sfdbf/ dfu klg a9]sf] 5 . ;a}eGbf a9L
;Gtfgsf] pHjn eljiosf] nfuL sfd klxn] klg % c/a b]zn] PSs} k6s zf] e fodfg agfpb} , s[ l if If] q xfdLnfO{ w]/} s'/f l;sfO /x]sf] x'G5, dn]l;ofdf ** xhf/ * ;o () g]kfnL uPsf 5g\ . ;fpbL c/adf $* xhf/
ug{cfPsf 5f} xfdLn] cfk"mn] sfd rf/} lt/af6 ^ lbg;Dd 7'nf] cfqmd0f pTkfbgdf klg cfˆgf] b] z nfO{ of] l;Sg] qmddf cfˆgf a'8f a'8L ^, stf/df $) xhf/ & ;o *%, ;+oS' t c/a Old/]6; \ -o"PO{_df @* xhf/ &
ug{cfpbf lsg lab]zLsf] gSsn cfdf afafnfO{ 6f8fsf] gh/n] x]g{] ;o @$, s'jt] df & xhf/ *(, cf]dfgdf ! xhf/ * ;o @! / ax/fOgdf !
u/]sf lyP, tf pgLx? /lt e/ klg vfBGoaf6 cfTdflge{/ /fVb} cg]sf} xhf/ ^ ;o *( o'jf uPsf 5g\ . dn]l;ofn] ut jif{ cj}w sfdbf/nfO{ j}w
/f]dfG; clg km]zg rf8} l;S5f}, g8udufO{ o'2 u/L cfˆgf] b]zsf] b]zdf ;d]t lgof{t u/L lab]zL d'Gb|f ;Gtfgsf] nfuL t emg Pp6f lazfn
To;} s f] gSsn u5f} { t/ /fd| f ] ;b{wf, elSta9]/ cfpg] / cfˆgf] agfpg] sfo{qmd ;'? u/]/ gofF ljb]zL sfdbf/ lng aGb u/]sf] lyof] . of]
/Iffsf] nfuL Oh/fonLx?n] cˆgf] /fi6« cfh{ g ug{ ;kmn ePsf 5g\ , jif{bl] v sfdbf/ lng ;'? u/]s} sf/0f oxfFaf6 hfg]sf] ;+Vof a9]sf] j}bl] zs
pgLx?sf] s'/fsf] gSsn ub}{gf}, / /fli6«otf arfpg xhf/f} cfˆgf pgLx?sf] lg:jfy{ clg kl/>dL 5g\ a'8f a'8L cfdf afaf ;f;' ;;'/f /f]huf/ ljefusf dxflgb]z { s k"0f{rGb| e§/fO{n] atfP . JolStut >d:jLs[ltdf
l;Sb}gf},Æ ;fFRr} o;f] ljrf/ u/]/ la/ ;k'tx? u'dfotf klg cfˆgf] cfk"mnfO{ dfq x} c?nfO{ klg ;xof]uL clg ;–;fgf ;Gtfgsf] nflu s8fO ul/Pkl5 ;+:yfut ?kdf hfg] sfdbf/ a9]sf] e§/fO{n] atfP . …;+:yfut
x]g-{ ] xf] eg] xfdL o:tf] e"lddf sfd b]zsf] uf}/ado jL/tf /fVg ;kmn sf] efjgfn] x]g{] pgLx? clt g} sd{ cklg{oddtfdoL Aoaxf/n] :ofxf/ -Dofgkfj/ Ph]G;L_ dfkm{t\ lab]lzg]sf] ;+Vof ^% k|ltzt j[l4 ePsf] 5,Ú pgn]
ug{cfPsf 5f} . hxfF af6 w]/} s'/f eP, Û pgLx? dfly cfqmd0f / d]xgtL cfˆgf] sfd cfkm} ug{ ;';f/ ubf{ cflTdotf, dfof x'g'sf] eg], …JolStut >d:jLs[lt (# k|ltzt 36]sf] 5 .Ú JolStut ?kdf hfFbf
hfGg l;Sg ;S5f},Ú b]zelSt e"ld ug{cfpg] c/a b]zx? cGtdf xf/ ?rfpg], hfthflt 5'jf5't, t ;fgf] ;fy} cfTd ;Gt'li6 k|fKt x'g] s'/f sfdbf/ ;d:ofdf kg]{ ePsfn] ;+:yfutnfO{ k|fT] ;flxt ul/Psf] pgn] atfP .
Oh/fon …oxfFsf] x/]s gful/sdf vfP/ pgLx? ;+u} xft]dfnf] ub}{ d 7'nf] eGg] s'/fdf e]befj gu/L dfq geO{ cfˆgf] 3/ Aoaxf/k|ltsf] o;}aLr, >d tyf /f]huf/ dGqfnon] a]/f]huf/ o'jfnfO{ nlIft u/L tflnd /
Pstf 5 / cfˆgf] e"ldsf] nfuL x/ zflGtk"0f{ /xg] eg]/ ;+oS' t /fi6« ;F3 Ps} ?kn] x]bg}{ , Û pgLx?df dfq b]z ;Dk"0f{lhDd]jf/L dx;'; x'g] s'/f of] /f]huf/ k|Tofe"t ug]{ gLlt Nofpg] ePsf] 5 . a;]l{ g a]/f]huf/ tyf lab]lzg]
Ps gful/s rfx] hjfg x'g\ jf a'9f ;Fu} ldn]/ a:g argj4 ePsf 5g, Û k|lt elStefj / /fli6«otf, clg cfh xfdLn] ub}{ cfosf lso/ o'jfsf] ;+Vof a9\b} uPsfn] /f]huf/nlIft gLlt Nofpg nfluPsf] dGqfnon]
cfˆgf] hLjg b]zsf] nfuL ;dk0f{ To:tf Oh/fonLx?sf] b]zk|ltsf] /fi6«kl| tsf] ;dk{0f g} pgLx?sf] /fd|f] lue/sf] sfdn] xfdLnfO{ dxTj hgfPsf] 5 . dGqfnosf ;lrj ;'/z ] dfg >]i7sf] ;+of]hsTjdf s[lif, ef}lts
ug{kl5 kb}g{ g Tof] xfdLn] l;Sg of]Uo k"0f{lhDd]jf/L af]w u/fO/x]sf] 5, of]hgf tyf lgdf{0f, cy{ ;fdfGo k|zf;g, lzIff / ul/aL lgjf/0f dGqfnosf
alnbfg xfdL sfd ug{cfPsfn] l;Sg kl/0ffd xf] of] s'/f xfdL lab]zdf ;x;lrj ;b:o x'g] u/L lgb]z { s ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] 5 . gLltsf] d:of}bf
5, Û ;w}sf] qf; of] b]znfO{ rf/} of]Uo 5 Û cfh klg pgLx? cfˆgf] /f]hL /f]l6 sdfpg sfd ug{cfPsf l;sfO /x]sf] 5, Û b]z lasfzsf]
lt/af6 c/a /fi6«x?n] 3]/]/ /x]sf] nfuL cfkm} leq 4Gb x} Pstf x'g' tof/ ug{ >d ;x;lrj k'?iff]Qd kf}8n ] sf] ;+of]hsTjdf pk;ldlt klg u7g
b]zsf] lasfzsf] nfuL lbg /ft gegL ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLx?n] l;Sg of]Uo 5 ,Û ul/Psf] 5 . ;ldltn] b'O{ dlxgfleq d:of}bf tof/ u/L lgb]z { s ;ldltdf k];
of] Oh/fon b]z $) aif{ klxn] vl6 /x]g] logLx?,Æ gf/L b]zsf] gfpn] emg eGg' kbf{ clt g} uDeL/ laifo k5{eGg] clt g} /fd|f] kf7 xfdLn] ug{5 ] . ljleGg If]qdf sfd vf]Hg] / ToxfFsf a]/f]huf/ o'jfnfO{ /f]huf/ lbg]
:jtGq ePsf] xf], h'g;'s} a]nf klg lrlgg] of] b]zdf afn'jfdf ;'g eg]sf] xfd|f] lso/ lue/ sf] sfd, l;Sg kfPsf 5f} Û – xfn O{h/fon vfnsf] gLlt agfOg] dGqfnon] hgfPsf] 5 . sfdbf/nfO{ ;DalGwt sfddf bIf
agfpg cfjZos tflnd lbg'kg]{ Joj:yf;d]t gLltdf cfpg]5 . ;fy}, ljleGg
dGqfnodftxt /x]sf tflndk|bfos ;+:yf -;L6LO{eL6L, Joj;flos tyf ;Lk
;+:yfut ljBfno dfkb08 tyf ;~rfng lgb]l{ zsf, @)^( hf/L
sf7df8f} F . ut d+ u naf/sf] lhNnfnfO{ lgb]{zg lbO;s]sf] pgn] ;qdf lhNnf z'Ns lgwf{/0f ;ldltn] cfwf/df dfq ljBfnon] z'Ns lng
ljsf; tflnd s]Gb|, 3/]n' ;dfgsf] tflnd_ nfO{ /f]huf/ dGqfnocGtu{t /fVg]
jf clxn]s} dGqfnodf /fVg] eGg]df klg gLltn] :ki6 kfg]5 { . /f]huf/ dGqfno
u7g ePkl5 p;n] s] ug{ eGg] cGof]n 5 . of] gLltaf6 /f]huf/ l;h{gf x'g]
dGqL:t/Lo lg0f{on] ;+:yfut ljBfno hgfP . o;}u/L sIff ( eGbf dflysf tf] s ] s f] z' N snfO{ g} pgLx?n] kfpF5g\ . sf7df8f}+ lhNnfdf ut u/L ;a} dGqfno;Fu ;dGjo x'g5 ] . ;x;lrj kf}8n ] n] /f]huf/L l;h{gf;Fu
dfkb08 tyf ;~rfng lgb]l{ zsf, ljBfyL{n] * lsnf];Dd jhg ePsf] lg/Gt/tf lbg' k g] { 5 . lzIff jif{;ldltn] …uÚ ju{df ljBf{onfO{ ;DalGwt ;a} dGqfno ;d]6/] lgb]z { s ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] atfP . pgsf
@)^( hf/L u/]sf] 5 . lzIff ljefun] :s'n Jofu af]Sg kfpg] dfkb08 lgodfjlncg';f/ utjif{ g} z'Ns clwstd dfl;s z'Ns k|fylds / cg';f/ cGo dGqfnosf ;b:osf] gfd eg] cem} 6'u+ f] nfu]sf] 5}g . …of] gLltsf]
dGqL:t/Lo lg0f{ o af6 :jLs[ t tf]lsPsf] 5 . …kf7\oqmd ljsf; a9fOPsfn] of] jif{ a9fpg gkfpg] lgdflj txdf qmdzM ! xhf/ ! ;o d'Vo p2]Zo /f]huf/L l;h{gfd} s]lGb|t x'g5 ] ,Údpgn] eg], …s[lif, :yfgLo ljsf;,
lgb]l{ zsf b]ze/ nfu' u/fpg lgb]z { g ef}lts of]hgf, ko{6g, lzIffdGqfnodf 7"nf] cfof]hgf x'G5g\, ToxfF a9L /f]huf/L
s]Gb|n] tf]s]cg';f/ ljBfyL{n] k9\g] lg0f{o ul/Psf] lzIff ljefun] hgfPsf] / ! xhf/ @ ;o %) tyf dfWolds
l;h{gf x'G5 . To;}n] pgLx?nfO{ klg ;d]6/] ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] xf] .Ú clxn]
lbPsf] ljefusf lgb]z { s 6]sgf/fo0f d'Vo lstfa * j6f dfq x'g,\ Ú kf08]n] 5 . ut h]7df lghL ljBfnosf] txdf ! xhf/ & ;o ?k}ofF sfod u/]sf] >d tyf /f]huf/ gLlt @)^@ sfof{Gjogdf 5 . To;nfO{ ;dofg'sn " kl/jt{g
kf08]n] hgfP. lgb]l{ zsfdf cfwf/e"t eg], …t/ lghL ljBfnon] ;Gbe{;fdu|L z'Nsaf/] ;jf{]Rr cbfntn] u/]sf] lyof] . …uÚ ju{df ljBfnosf] z'NsnfO{ ub}{ /f]huf/L l;h{gfdf s]lGb|t x'g] u/L gofF gLlt agfOg] kf}8n ] n] atfP .
tx -sIff ! b]lv *_ / dfof{lds tx eg]/ sIff ! sf ljBfyL{nfO{ #) km};nfnfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ o:tf] lg0f{o cfwf/ dfg]/ …vÚ ju{n] @% k|ltzt
a}7ssf cfof]hgf u/L slyt sfof{no
-sIff ( b]lv !@_sf nflu 5'§} j6f;Dd -sl/a !) lsnf]_ lstfa ul/Psf] ;ldltsf ;b:o ;'k|eft a9fpg ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . …uÚ ju{sf /fi6«kltsf]=== agfP/ cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf afFsL /x]sf
kl/R5]bdf 8|]; sf]8 tf]lsPsf] 5. af]sfPsf] cleefjssf] u'gf;f] 5 .Ú e08f/Ln] atfP . ;jf]{Rrn] Ps cfwf/df …sÚ ju{n] %) k|ltzt;Dd h'g 3f]if0ff ul/of], Tof] 3f]if0ffaf6 ;fj{ef}d wf/fx?nfO{ klg afwf c8\sfp k'msfp wf/fsf]
dfkb08df – h+s k'm8df k|ltaGw, afnaflnsfnfO{ dfgl;s / zf/Ll/s jif{z'Ns a9fPkl5 tLg jif{;Dd a9fP/ z'Ns lng kfpF5g\ . clwsf/ ;DkGg Joj:yflksfnfO{ ;dfKt b'?kof]u u/]/ cGtl/d ;+ljwfgnfO{ ;dfKt
:s' n a;n] ljBfyL{ af] S g] b' / L zf]if0faf6 arfpg :s'n Jofu / a9fpg gkfOg] km};nf u/]sf] lyof] . lzIff lgodfjnLcg';f/ k|lqmof ug{ / g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# ug{ ( a'bF ] k|:tfjsf] if8\oGq ul/g' cGtl/d
lglZrt, ljBfyL{n] …r'h kfOG6Ú k|of]u kf7ok':tssf] dfkb08 tf]lsPsf] ut jif{ ljBfnox?sf] cfu|xdf z'Ns k"/f u/] klg clwsf+z ljBfnon] sf clwsf+z wf/fx?nfO{ ;d]t lj:yflkt ;+ljwfg ;+ljwfgn] kl/sNkgf gu/]sf]dfq
ug{gkfpg] • sDd/eGbf sDtLdf ! ljefun] hgfPsf] 5 . lghL ljBfnon] lgwf{/0f ;ldltn] k|lqmofcg';f/ z'Ns lgwf{l/teGbf a9L z'Ns lng] u/]sf] u/]/ cGtl/d ;+ljwfg;efsf] d'n cfTdfnfO{ xf]Og ;+ljwfgsf] d'n k|:tfjgfsf]
OGrdfly kfOG6÷:s6{nufpg'kg{ • ;jf/L ;fwg k|of]u ubf{ sIff !–% a9fPsf] lyof] . cleefjsx?sf] u' g f;f] 5 . ;dfKt ul/of] . efjgfljk/Lt lgb{nLo ;/sf/ u7g
:s6{fs] tNnf] efu 3'8F feGbf sDtLdf ;Ddsf ljBfyL{nfO{ !@ lsnf]ld6/sf] z'Ns Joj:yfkg s]lGb|o ;ldltn] df] k m;nsf ljBfno tyf z' N s o:tf] cj:yfdf ;+ljwfgsf] ;+/Ifs / ug{h ] :tf k|ltufdL ultljlwx? /fi6«kltHo"sf]
kfnssf] ;+jw} flgs lhDd]jf/L;lxtsf] ;+/If0fdf eO/x]sf]n] tL c;+jw} flgs sfo{x?
@ OGr tn;Dd x'gk' g]{ • 3fF6LeGbf dfkb08 tf]Sb} ToxL cg';f/ a; ut jif{d} z'Ns sfod u/]/ cWoog– lgwf{/0f ;ldltn] /fhwfgLsf tLg /fi6«fWoIfsf] x}l;otn] ;DdfggLo clanDa /f]lsof];\ / k|wfgdGqLsf] cGtl/d
# OGr tn;Dd dfq ;6{sf] 6fFs Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ 5 . ^ sIffb]lv cWofkgnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] lg0f{o lhNnfsf ljBfnodf sfod ul/Psf] /fi6«kltHo"af6 k|wfgdGqLsf] pSt ;+ljwfgljk/Lt 3f]if0ff / lg0f{ox?nfO{ vf/]h
vf]Ng kfOg] • s'tf{ ;'?jfn ePdf dflysf ljBfyL{ eP !* u/]sf] cleefjs ;+3sf cWoIf;d]t z'NsnfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ z'Ns sfod c;+jw} flgs 3f]if0ffnfO{ ab/ u/]/ cGtl/d u/L cGtl/d ;+ljwfgnfO{ k'gM lqmofzLn
3fF6LeGbf ! OGr tn;Dd dfq v'Nnf lsnf]ld6/;Ddsf] b'/Ldf dfq a; /x] s f e08f/Ln] atfP . …s' g } ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . KofA;g cWoIf ;+ljwfg @)^# sf] /Iff ul/g'kb{Yof] . k/Gt' u/fOof];\ egL hf]8bf/ dfu ub}{
x'gk' g]{ • ;ftfdf b'O{ lsl;dsf] dfq rnfpg kfOg]5 . pkTosfaflx/sf ljBfnon] sf/0fjz a9fpg}kg]{ eP kf]v/]nsf cg';f/ d'n'se/ sl/a ( ;DdfggLo /fi6«kltHo"åf/f k/f]If?kdf pSt c;+jw} flgs sbdx?sf] lj/f]wdf of]
kf];fs x'gk' g]{ • tLg jif{;Dd 8]«; lghL ljBfnon] sIff !–% ;Ddsf :ki6 sf/0f;lxt lhNnfl:yt z'Ns xhf/ lghL ljBfno ;~rfngdf 5g\, 3f]if0ffnfO{ :jLsf/ u/]/ k|wfgdGqLsf] lj/f]wkq k|:t't u/]sf 5f}+ . ! df]xg j}B
sf]8 km]g{ gkfOg] • kfFr;Ddsf ljBfyL{nfO{ !% lsnf]ld6/ / sIff ^ lgwf{/0f ;ldltdf lnlvt k|:tfj k]; hxfF sl/a @) nfv ljBfyL{ c;+jw} flgs sbdnfO{ j}Btf lbg] k|of; …ls/0fÚ cWoIf, g]skf–dfcf]jfbL @ Clif/fd
ljBfyL{nfO{ $ lsnf]eGbf ef/L Jofu b]lvdfly @% lsnf]ld6/ b'/Ldf dfq ug{;S5g\,Ú pgn] eg], …lnlvt ?kdf cWoog/t 5g\ . !) nfv ljBfyL{ t u/L la8Dagfsf] ljifo xf] . o:tf] l:yltdf s§]n, s]lGb|o ;b:o g]skf -PsLs[t_#
o;af6 kf7 l;s]/ c;+jw} flgs sbx?nfO{ dft[sf ofbj, g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ $ dl0frGb|
af]sfpg gkfOg] • ^ b]lv * sIffsf :s'n a; rnfpg'kg]{ 5 . cfPsf] k|:tfj pk/ ;ldltn] 5nkmn /fhwfgLsf tLg lhNnfdf dfq} ;RofP/ cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# nfO{ yfkf dxf;lrj, sflGtsf/L sDo'lgi6 kf6L{,
ljBfyL{sf] Jofu a9Ldf ^ lsnf] x'gk' g]{ lgb]{lzsfdf ljBfyL{n] k|of]u ug{ u/]/ clGtd lg0f{o u5{ k|:tfj k95g\ . gofF z}lIfs ;qdf ljBfno lqmofzLn u/fpg' s f] ;§f afx[ o g]kfn % s'df/ lnªb]g, cWoIf ;+3Lo
• sIff ( eGbf dflysf ljBfyL{sf] vfhf -l6lkmg_;DaGwL dfkb08 klg pko'St nfu] a9g klg ;S5 .Ú cg'udgnfO{ tLj|tf lbg] lg0f{o zlSts] G b| x ?sf] u' ? of] h gfdf nf]stflGqs /fli6«o d~r ;Da4, ;+3Lo
Jofusf] jhg * lsnf]eGbf a9L x'g tf]lsPsf] 5 . ljBfnodf h+s k'm8 ljefusf dxflgb]{zs 8f=njb]j ;ldltn] u/]sf] 5 . ljut jif{df gofF k|wfgGofofwLznfO{ k|wfgdGqL agfP/ lnDa"jfg /fHo kl/ifb\ Hof]lt bg'jf/, ;b:o,
gx'g] tf]lsPsf] 5 .Ú :jLs[t lgb]l{ zsf k|of]udf k|ltaGw nufOPsf] 5 . cj:yL ;+ o f] h s /x] s f] s] l Gb| o z} l Ifs ;q ;' ? x' g ' e Gbf b' O { Gofokflnsf;d]t lj:yflkt ub}{ n}hfg], cWoIfd08n, ;fdflhs nf]stflGqs kf6L{Ú
cg' ; f/ ca k" j { k| f yldstxsf ljBfyL{n] rfprfp, lrhan, n]h ;ldltdf KofA;g cWoIf afa'/fd dlxgfcufj} gofF ljBfyL{sf nflu ;+jw} flgs Joj:yf ljk/Lt rf/ kIfsf /x]sf 5g\ .
ljBfyL{n] ef/L Jofu af]Sg kfpg] s's'{/] h:tf h+s km'8 l6lkmg nfg] kf]v/]n, PgKofA;g cWoIf uLtf /f0ff, ;~rf/dfWoddf lj1fkg ug{ k/Dk/f
5}gg\, lzIff ljefusfÚ lgb]{zs kfpg] 5}gg\ . :s'nsf SoflG6gdf klg cleefjs ;+3sf e08f/Lnufot x6fpFb} ;ldltn] Ps dlxgf agfPsf]
6] s gf/fo0f kf08] n ] eg] , o:tf vfhf laqmL ljt/0f ug{kfOg] lzIff ljefusf k|ltlglw ;b:o 5g\ . 5 . lgod kfngf gu/]/ c6]/ u/]
…k"j{k|fyldstxsf afnaflnsfsf] 5}g . /;fogo'St tof/L vfhfn] ljefun] ;+/rgf / ;]jf–;'ljwfsf To:tf ljBfnonfO{ ;ldltn]
l6lkmg / kfgL klg cleefjsn] ljBfyL{sf] :jf:Yodf k|lts"n c;/ cfwf/df lghL ljBfnonfO{ …sÚ b]lv lgodfjnLcg' ; f/ sf/afxL ug{
:s'ndf k'¥ofpg' kg]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf] k/]sf] ;/sf/L 7x/kl5 ;/sf/n] …3Ú ;Ddsf] :t/ lgwf{ / 0f u/L atfPsf] 5 . lgodfjnLdf btf{
5 .Ú gofF lgb]l]{ zsfdf sIff ! b]lv % ljBfnodf o:tf] vfhf lgif]w u/]sf] juL{s/0f u/]sf] 5 . oxL juL{s/0fsf vf/]h;Ddsf] sf/afxL Joj:yf 5 .
;Ddsf ljBfyL{n] a9Ldf $ lsnf]sf] kf08]n] atfP .
:s'n Jofu af]Sg ;Sg] / sIff ^–* o;}aLr, cfufdL z}lIfs ;q - kG5Lx?sf] aw ug]{ tyf df;'sf] pkef]u ug]{ k|j[lQ kl/jt{g u/f}+ .
;Ddsf ljBfyL{n] ^ lsnf];Ddsf] Jofu j}zfv_df lghL ljBfnox?n] z'Ns a8{km\ n h:tf kG5LhGo /f]ux?sf] lgoGq0fdf ;xefuL agL,
af]Sg kfpg] Joj:yfsf nflu ;a} a9fpg gkfpg] ePsf 5g\ . rfn" cfk"m klg arf}+ ;dfhnfO{ klg arfcf}+ .
– kG5Lx?sf] aw 3/aflx/ kfgLsf] ;|f]teGbf 6f9f ug]{ u/f}F .
u'unnfO{ sf/jfxL ug]{ r]tfjgL –
–
s'v'/f sf6]kl5 e'OF /fd|f];Fu kvfNg], k'5\g] -lg;+qmd0f_ u/f}F .
aw ul/;s]kl5 s'v'/f tyf sfFrf] df;'sf] n;k;af6 afnaflnsfx?nfO{ ldlxg]tsf] sdfOsf] ;Ddfg
sf7df8f}F . cfˆgf k|of]ustf{sf] lak/Lt gePsf] bfaL u/]sf] 5 . 6f9} /fvf}F .
uf]klgotf;DaGwL gLlt kl/jt{g gu/] u'unn] cl3Nnf] aif{ k|of]ustf{x?;Fu
o'/f]lkog o"lgogn] OG6/g]6 b'lgofFsf] ul/g] JolStut uf]klgotf;DaGwL
– df;' sf6]kl5 lg:sg] kmf]xf]/, ;'nL, Kjfn cflbnfO{ hyfefjL gkmfnL
vfN8f]df uf8\g] jf hnfpg] u/f}F .
ug]{ afgL a;fnf},+
x:tL sDkgL u'unnfO{ sf/jfxL ug]{ zt{nfO{ Ps} 7fpFdf /fv]/ ;Demf}tf ug{] – s'v'/f;Fusf] n;k; tyf df;' sf6\g] sfd ;lsPkl5 ;fa'g kfgLn] /fd|f];Fu
ePsf 5g\ . u'unn] cfˆgf] 5'§f5'§}
;fO6sf] k|of]ustf{x?sf] JolStut
gLlt NofPsf] lyof] . of] gLltn] k|of]ustf{n]
lbg grfx]sf] JolStut hfgsf/L;d]t
xft w'g] u/f}F . e|i6frf/d'Qm ;dfhsf]
– leqL efu;Dd /fd|f];Fu kfs]sf] s'v'/fsf] df;' dfq vfg] u/f}F .
hfgsf/L Ps} 7fpFdf e08f/ ug]{ gLltn]
k|of]ustf{sf] JolStut uf]klgotfsf] xs
afWo eP/ lbg'kg]{ o'/f]lkog o'lgogsf]
bfaL 5 . u'unsf] lhd]n, o'6o'a,
–
–
la/fdL jf d/]sf s'v'/fsf] df;' s'g} klg cj:yfdf vfg] gu/f}F .
c08fsf] leqL;Dd ;fx|f] x'g] cj:yf;Dd pdfn]/ of ksfP/ vfg] u/f}F .
lgdf{0fdf d2t k'¥ofof}+ .
vt/fdf k/]sf] o"lgogsf] 7x/ 5 . u'unK;n, Anuh:tf 5'§f5'§} ;fO6x?
uf]klgotf clwsf/;DaGwL cg'udg 5g\ . oL ;a} ;fO6 k|of]ustf{x?sf] a8{km\ n' /f]usf] /f]syfd / lgoGq0fdf xfdL ;a}sf] k|lta4tf
ug{ k|mfG;]nL lgsfon] * dlxgf nufP/ JolStut hfgsf/L u'unn] Ps} 7fpFdf
lgsfn]sf] lgZsif{df o'/f]lkog o'lgog e08f/0f u5{ . o'lgogn] o;cl3 klg
g]kfn ;/sf/
cfj4 cGo /fi6«x?n] ;xdlt hgfPsf k6s k6s gLlt kl/jt{gsf] nflu s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfno kz' ;]jf ljefu g] k fn ;/sf/
5g\ . o'lgogn u'uunfO{ cfˆgf] of] gLlt u'unnfO{ r]tfjgL lbFb} cfPsf] lyof] .
kl/jt{gsf] nflu u'unnfO{ $ dlxg] ca, klg gLlt gu/] s]xL dlxgfleq} Pleog OGk\mn'oGhf lgoGq0f cfof]hgf ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno
cjlw lbPsf] lyof] . t/, u'unn] eg]
cfˆgf] gLltn] o'/f]lkog o'lgogsf] sfg'g
u'unnfO{ sf/jfxL sf] k|lqmof cufl8
a9fOg] o'lgogn] atfPsf] 5 . a"9fgLns07, sf7df8f},F kmf]gM $^%)!@*&, $^%)$(!, $^%)!@* ;"rgf ljefu
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;lbof}b+ l] v g]kfn Ps ;fj{ef}d / k|j]z ug]{} cf}Bf]lus dfnsf sf/0f ;fdGt / s]xL ;De|fGtx¿af6 dfq ef/tLo gLlh sDkgLnfO{ lhDdf
:jflwg /fi6«sf] ¿kdf /xLcfPsf] 5 .
g] k fnsf] k| d fl0fs Oltxf; x] b f{
g]kfnsf] pBf]uwGbf km:6fpg ;s]g
/ Aofkf/df gfkmfdf x|f; cfpg
ax;dfly ax; ;fdflhs ;xof]u vf]Hb}gg\ a? d'Vo
¿kdf /fli6«o a'hj{' fx¿af6 vf]H5g\\ .
nufpg] s'/fn] ef/tLo :jfy{l;4 ug]{
u/L afa' / fd ;/sf/ ef/tLo
ls/ftsfnLg Oltxf;af6 ;'? x'G5 . yfNof] . ;g\ !(@# sf] csf]{ la|l6z kjgdfg >]i7 cy{tGqdf /fli6«o k'FhL, d"n ¿kdf lj:tf/jfbsf] ;]jfdf ;dlk{t ePsf]
t/ Oltxf;sf k|dfl0fs tYox¿ eg] ef/t;Fu ePsf] ;lGwn] g]kfnsf] gLlh k'FhL h'g :yfgLo / ljb]zL 5 . afa'/fd ;/sf/sf] u7aGwg
lnR5jLsfnsf a9L 5g\\ . To;}n] ahf/nfO{ la|l6z ef/tsf] klg ;femf kf6L{leq cGt/;+3if{df k|r08 s;/L sfod u/]/ cfkm\gf] :jtGqtfsf] 3f]if0ff k'hF Lsf] ;xeflutfdf ;+oQ' m pBd4f/f ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbsf] cfh ;jf]T{ s[i6
lnR5jLsfnsf] Oltxf; cem a9L Jofkf/ agfPkl5 Jofkf/ k'/} 3f6fdf k|:t't eP eGg] s'/f tyf k|r08n] u/] s f d' n ' s x¿nfO{ clwg:y lgdf{0f x'g] ub{5 . of] d'n ¿kdf bnfnsf] ¿kdf / s7k'tnL ;/sf/sf]
yfxf x'G5 . g]kfndf ;fdGtjfbsf] hfg yfNof] . :jtGq ef/tdf ePsf] …b lxGb' Ú df lbPsf] cGt/jftf{ n ] agfp5 . cfly{s ;xof]u / c? bf]xg / cf}Bf]lus pTkfbgsf] ¿kdf ¿kdf e'ldsf lgefO/x]sf] l:ylt 5 .
ljsf; lnR5jL sfndf ePsf] ;g\ !(%)sf] ;lGwkl5 la|l6zsf] ef/tLo lj:tfjfbsf] cufl8 pgL\ ¿kx¿4f/f pgLx¿n] tL b]zx¿df cufl8 b]lvG5 . gjf]lbt :jtGq To;}n] g]kfns} Oltxf;df g]kfnsf]
b]lvG5 . lnR5jLsfndf zf;g ;Qf cw{ p klgj] z af6 ef/tsf] :x¿sf] cfTd;dk{0fnfO{ k|i6 kf/]sf] cfkm\gf dfux¿sf nflu ahf/, sRrf /fi6«x¿nfO{ Psflwsf/jfbLx¿n] ljZj /fli6«o :jflwgtf / :jtGqtfsf] s'/f
;'b9[ kfg's{ f ;fy} ef/t;Fu dfq xf]Og cw{pklgj]z agfpg] sfd eof] . 5 . afj' / fd–k| r 08x¿ /fli6« o kbfy{x¿sf] ;|f]t, pklgj]zsf nflu k'h F LjfbL pTkfbg;Fu hf]l8Psf] pBf]u ;a}eGbf u+eL/ ;+s6sf] cj:yfdf
ltAat / rLg;Fusf] Jofkf/sf] ljsf; g]kfnnfO{ tLglt/af6 3]l/Psf] ljzfn cfTd;dk{ 0 fjfbL / juL{ o sDkgL jf tl/sf k|fKt ub{5g\\ . pBd4f/f lgdf{0f x'g] ub{5 / of] d'n /x] s f] 5 . cfh ;a} b] z eQm,
ePsf] b]lvG5 . sf7df8f}+ pkTosf tyf zlQmzfnL /fi6« ef/tn] To;kl5 cfTd;dk{0fjfbL wf]sa] fh / u4f/sf] wgbf} n t n' 6 \ 5 g\ / tL b] z sf ¿kdf bf]xg / cf}Bf]lus pTkfbgsf] u0ftGqjfbL / ;+3LotfkIfw/ cToGt}
ljzfn ;dy/ e"efu ePsf] / oxfFsf] u/]sf !(^% sf] ;'/Iff;DjGwL c;dfg ¿kdf kl/0ft eO;s]kl5 !@ a'bF ] hgtfx¿sf] /ut r' : b5g\ \ . ¿kdf cufl8 b]lvG5 . gjf]lbt u+eL/ x'g'kg]{ cj:yfdf 5 .
df6f] cToGt dlnnf] x'bF f pTkfbsTj ;lGw, sf]zL, u08s ;Demf}tf, Aofkf/ ;Demf}tf lglZrt ¿kdf ef/tLo To;afx]s To;k|sf/sf d'n'sx¿sf] :jtGq /fi6« x ¿nfO{ cw{;fdGtL / cw{cf}klgj]lzs
cToGt a9L ePsf] sf/0f k|z:t tyf kf/jxg;F u ;DalGwt lxtdf u/]sf] s'/f k|i6} 5 . To;}n] cfGtl/s dfldnfdf x:tIf]k ug{, tL Psflwsf/jfbLx¿n] ljZj k'FhLjfbL cj:yfsf] cfly{s cfwf/ eg]sf]
dfqfdf cGgsf] pAhgL x'g] / csf]l{ t/ ;Demf}tfx¿ ax'bn sfndf ul/Psf ef/tLo lj:tfjfbsf] g] k fnL b]zx¿dfly ;}lgs x:tIf]k ug{, tL pTkfbg;Fu hf]l8Psf] pBf]u s[lifdf ;fdGtL pTkfbg ;DaGw / gf]s/zfxL
g] k fnx' F b } ltAat hfg] gfsf 6gsk'/ tyf dxfsfnL ;Demf}tf, c?0f /fhgLltdf k|eT' j a9\g' :jfefljs} b]zx¿dfly ;}lgs, cfly{s, ;f+:s[lts cfwfl/t b]zdf ¿kfGt/0f ul/lbG5 . k' F h Ljfb xf] . b] z cw{ ; fdGtL
lnR5jLsfndf v'n]kl5 ltAat / t];|f], ck/sgf{nL, ef/tLo gLlh lyof] . b/jf/ xTofsf08 cl3 g]kfnsf] cfqmd0f ug{ ;+oQ' m /fi6;+3n] dxTjk"0f{ ;fd|fHojfbn] ljsf;Gd'v /fi6«sf cw{ c f} k lgj] l zs cj:yfaf6
ef/taLr Jofkf/sf] sf7df8f} + sDkgLnfO{ lbg] ;Demf}tfdf g]kfn /fhgLltdf b/jf/sf] k|ToIf e"ldsf xltof/sf] ¿kdf k|of]u ub{5g\\ . pTkfbgdf k|efj yf]kg{ ljZj k'h F LjfbL cw{ ; fdGtL / gjcf} k lgj] l zs
pkTosf 6«flhG6 KjfOG6sf] ¿kdf u+eL/ ¿kdf 7lub} cfPsf] 5 . x'g] ub{Yof] / p;sf] klg /fhgLltdf hlta] n f pgLx¿ t b] z x¿df ahf/df d' N o gLltsf cfwf/df cj:yfdf kl/0ft ePkl5 o;sf]
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cw{ pklgj]z agfpg] sfd eof] . lks] xld{h4f/f ;g\ @)!@ h'nfO{ @% cfwf/ ldnfP/, ;+3x¿ / ;d'bfosf] bafjsf] ¿k / tl/sfx¿df w]/} lsnf]eGbf s]xL a9L tf}nsf] 5 . ;f+lup kxf8df km]nf kf/]sf lyP .
To;a]nfb]lv ef/taf6 v'Nnf ¿kdf df OlG8og PS;k|; ] df k|sflzt n]vdf :yfkgf u/]/ tyf s7k'tnL zf;g kl/jt{g ePsf 5g\\ . ;fd|fHojfbLx¿n] blIf0fk"jL{ km'lhofg k|fGtsf] nf]U+ ofgdf of] 9'+uf v}/f] /+usf] 5 .
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k|wfgGofowLznfO{=== …pgsf /rgfx¿n] snfåf/f ;dfhsf]
;]jf ePsf] 5 .Ú pgn] l/j]n ckm
o;sf] nIo s] x'g] < dfcf]jfbL lsg
aGb's p7fpFb} 5 < lsg hgjfbL qmflGt
eP kZrft ;a}vfn] ;+zf]wgjfbL /
k|ltlqmofjfbLx?sf] SofDkdf x'g k'g 7"nf] cfhsf] d'Vo ax; M rf/ bnsf] ;+j}wflgs x}l;ot s] <
bn;Fusf] 5nkmnkl5 af/sf cWoIf
xl/s[i0f sfsL{n] k|wfgGofofwLznfO{ dfp06]gdf /fhg}lts ljrf/ a9L cfjZos 5 < of] nufot tdfd :s]nsf] e'sDk k}bf ePsf] 5 .
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l;4fGtljk/Lt x' g ] atfP . ljrf/ cfPsf 5g\ .Ú uf}tdsf] ljrf/df dfcf]jfbL_ n] æ hgo'4sf] P]ltxfl;s hudf hgljb|fx] Ú sf] sfo{lbzf kfl/t ;+ljwfg;efnfO{ d'Vo elgPsf slyt rf/ bn, /fi6«klt, k|wfgdGqL
k|wfgGofofwLznfO{ ;/sf/sf] g]tT[ j lbFbf n]vsn] qmflGt k"/f gePsf] cfzo AoSt kxnsf nflu ;}4flGts k|lta4tfx?Æ u/] kZrft sfo{lbzfljlxg x'g k'us ] f] / ;jf]R{ r cbfnt ldn]/ vfP . ;+ljwfg;efsf] lj36g klg ug]{ clg
Tof] cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] k|:tfjgfsf] klg u/]sf] kfOG5 . …o; n]vgn] cGt/f{li6«o gfd lbP/ & a'bF ] k|lta4ftfx? JoQm Pdfcf] j fbLn] cfkm\ g f ;Dk" 0 f{ k'/fg} ;+ljwfg;efleqs} x}l;ot vf]lh/xg], bfbflul/ b]vfO/fVg] / l;lG8s]6 sfod
ljk/Lt x'g] / d'ns ' km:g] l6Kk0fL u/] . bfloTj k"/f u/]sf] 5Ú eGb} uf}tdn] eg], u/]sf] lyof] / To;sf] l7s * dlxgfkl5 k|ltqmflGtsf/L Ph]08fx?nfO{ cg'df]bg ul//xg] k|jl[ Q clxn]sf] /fli6«o ;+s6sf] d"n sf/0f xf] . csf]{ b[li6af6 x]bf{ lxhf]sf]
5nkmnkl5 Pdfn] g]tf /3' kGtn] af/sf …pxfFsf] n]vgdf JofVofeGbf abNg] s'/fdf dfcf]jfbLn] dxfg hgo'4sf] z'?jft u/fpFb} / Pdfn]eGbf klg cem}+ lgs[i6 ;a} 7"nf bnx¿ ljeflht 5g eGg] 3fdhlQs} 5n{Ë tYonfO{ 5f]Kg vf]lhPsf] 5
kbflwsf/Ln] ;+ljwfgsf] efjgfljk/Lt hfg hf]8 lbOPsf] kfOPsf] 5, 9'Ss eP/ u/]sf] lyof] . h;n] ;a}vfn] ;+zf]wgjfbL, ?kdf tn lu/]/ a'hj{' f ;'wf/jfbL, / ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg rf/ bnaf6 dfq ug]{ b':;fx; ul/Psf] 5 . xfn} dfq
gx'g] ;'emfj lbPsf] hfgsf/L lbP . o:tf ljrf/ AoSt ug{] 7"nf] s'/f xf] .Ú k|ltlqmofjfbLx?sf] :ju{df 7"nf] e'Or F fnf] k'h
F LjfbL Pj+ v|Z' r]eklGy cfw'lgs k|wfgGofowLzsf] cWoIftfdf r'gfjL ;/sf/ agfpg] lg0f{onfO{ pTs[if{df k'¥ofOPsf]
o;}aLr, jfxfnjfnf k|wfgGofofwLz o:t} hg;f+:s[lts dxf;+3sf ;+of]hs NofOlbPsf] lyof] . clg qmflGtsf/L ;+zf]wgjfbL sfo{lbzf kfl/t ub}{ e/v/} 5 / Tof] lg0f{onfO{ r'gf}tL lbg] bnx¿sf] w|j' Ls/0f klg pTs[if{lt/ g} k'Ub}5 . olb
lvn/fh /]UdL k|wfgdGqL aGg]ePkl5 O{Zj/rGb| 1jfnLn] n]vssf] AolStTjsf] hgtf, ljZjsf efOrf/fx?df dxfg x]6f}8+ f dxflwj]zg kms]s { f] 5 . o;n] of] w|j' Ls/0f a9\b} uof] eg] b]zdf km]l/ b'Oj{ 6f ;Qf aGg] lglZrt 5 . rf/ bn t
pxfFsfaf/]df klg k|Zg p7fpg] ;do rrf{ u/] . pgn] n]vs;Fusf] ;xsfo{sf] qmflGtk|ltsf] cfzf / pT;fxsf] ;+rf/ g]kfnL qmflGtsf] af6f]nfo{ ;kmf / ;lhnf] Gjf/fgb]lv g} c;kmn 5Fb} lyP, Tof] c;kmnx¿sf] ;"lrdf /fi6«klt / k|wfgGofowLz
cfPsf] /fhgLlts bnsf o'jf g]tfx¿n] rrf{ ub} { g] k fnL hgo' 4 nfO{ k}bf ul/ lbPsf] lyof] . agfOlbPfs] 5 lsgls gj;+zf]wgjfbdf klg ylkg] lglZrt 5 . ljb]zLx¿sf] x:tIf]k:j¿k cg'df]bg ul/Psf] of] k|:tfj
atfPsf 5g\ . l/kf]6; \{ { Snan] u/]sf] cGt/f{li6«os/0f u/] . …of] ofqf hf/L /xf];Ú\ ;a}nfO{ 1fg ePs} s'/f xf] . dxfg ktg eO;s]sf k|r08– afa'/fdx?n] w]/} sf/0fn] c;kmn x'g5 ] . klxnf] t of] k|:tfj c;+jw} flgs / c/fhgLlts 5 .
;fIffTsf/df pgLx¿n] /fhgLlt l5/]kl5 pgsf] yk egfO 5 . n]vs /fhg hgo'4 g]kfndf bz jif{;Dd ;+rfng qmflGt / ljb|fx] sf rsf{ gf/fx? lbP/ ;+ljwfgsf] ;+zf]wg gu/L of] k|:tfjn] j}wtf kfpg ;Sb}g . ;+ljwfgsf] ;+zf]wg ug]{
k|wfgGofowLzsf] ul/df gaRg] atfP . kf]v/]nn] cfˆgf tLg s[lt cd]l/sfdf eof] . dxfg hgo'4 ;du| o'4 lyof] . hgtfnfO{ e|ddf kfl//x]sf lyP / g]kfnL Joj:yflksf ;+;b\ 5}g . o:tf] c:yfdf s]xL bnx¿n] dfq u/]sf] l;kmfl/;nfO{
sf+u;] | o'jf g]tf uug yfkfn] kf6L{ lg0f{o k|sflzt ePsf] / ;f] s[ltn] g]kfnL To;n] g]kfnL ;dfhsf] cfly{s, qmflGtsf] g]tT[ j k|r08 afa'/fd afx]s j}wflgs dfGg ;lsFbg} . ctM cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# nfO{ xr'jfsf] e/df s]xL
ljk/Lt k|wfgGofofwLzsf] g]tT[ j :jLsfg]{ qmflGtsf] cGt/f{li6«os/0f ug{ ;3fPsf] ;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts k|lqmofnfO{ ;d]6s ] f] c?n] ug{ ;Qm}gg\ eGg] h'g e|d bnx¿nfO{ ljb]zLx¿sf] bafadf t}F r'k d} r'k agfP/ ul/g] ;+zf]wgnfO{ sbflk
g]tfx¿nfO{ 7]ufg nufpg] r]tfjgL lbP . atfP . …g]kfnL qmflGtnfO{ lrgfpg] lyof] . bz jif{;Dd ;+rfng ePsf] pQm km}nfOP/ g]kfnL qmflGtsf] af6f]df h'g :jLsfg{ ;lsFbg} . rf/ bndWo]sf klg Pdfn] / sfFu;] | leq cNkdtdf /x]sf] of]
yfkfn] /fhgLlts JolSt;Fu n;k; n]vsx¿sf] Pp6f l6d agfpg h?/L dxfg hgo'4sf] k|lqmofdf 5fkfdf/ b:tf æclhof;sf] ta]nfÆ em}+ kmf]x/ t'NofPsf k|:tfj cfkm}dF f cfTd3ftL ;fljt x'g] lglZrt 5 .
ug]n{ fO{ k|wfgGofofwLz k|wfgdGqL dfGg 5Ú n]vs kf]v/] cufl8 eg], …o;tkm{ x'bF } hgldlnl;ofsf] lgdf{0fs} k|lqmofaf6 lyP, Tof] kmf]x/ k|r08– afa'/fd cfkm}n] bf];f| ] s'/f of] lg0f{o zlQm k[ysLs/0f jf zlQm;Gt'ngsf] ;fj{ef}d l;4fGtljk/Lt
g;lsg] atfP . sf+ u | ] ; kf6L{ g]kfnsf n]vsx¿n] ;f]Rg kb{5 . lsgls rLgdf ;g\ !( !(&^ ;]K6]Da/ ( df x]6f}8+ faf6 ;kmf ug]{ af6f] vf]nL lbPkl5 5 . sfo{kflnsf / Joj:yflksfsf] k|dv ' Pp6} JolQm x'g ;Sb}gg\ . Tof] klg
k|wfgGofowLz k|wfgdGqL aGg gx'g] kIfdf cGt/f{li6«o ¿kdf ef/t / kfls:tfgsf sd/]8 dfcf]T;]tª' sf] lgwg kZrft qmflGtsf/L dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ g]kfnL goff Joj:yflksf gePsf] cj:yfdf t ;/sf/sf tLgj6} cËnfO{ sAhf ug]{ Pp6}
/x]sf] yfkfn] k|i6\ofP . g]skf–dfcf]jfbLsf s]xL n]vssf] dfq k9fO{ ePsf] kfOof] .Ú ljZjsDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngd} ;a}eGbf 7"nf] hgjfbL qmflGtnfO{ ljhosf] lbzflt/ JolQm x'gh ] :tf] csNkgLo / czf]egLo cj:yf x'g hfG5 . o;af6 zlQm
g]tf n]vgfy Gof}kfg]n] eg] sf]7fdf a;]/ / zlQmzfnL tyf j}1flgs lbdfu / cufl8 a9fpg af6f] ;kmf ePsf] 5, k[ysLs/0fsf] l;4fGt g} k"0f{ c;kmn x'G5 . o:tf] cnf]stflGqs / c/fhgLlts
s]xL g]tfn] k|wfgGofowLznfO{ k|wfgdGqL
;'/Iff=== xftx/ ePsf] hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfnsf] ;lhnf] ePsf] 5 . k|:tfj lsg cd]l/sf, o'/f]lkog o'lgog / ef/tsf] tkm{af6 cfof] eGg] s'/f
c+s lbg ldNg] u/L to ul/Psf] a9'jf lgdf{0f ul/Psf] lyof] / h'g ;ftf}+ oBlk gj;+zf]wgjfbLx?n] dxfg ;dLIffof]Uo 5 . sfg'gL /fHosf] b'xfO{ lbg] /fi6«x¿sf] c;nL lgot o;af6 k|:t
agfpFbd} f dfGo gx'g] :ki6 kf/] . pgn] ;ldltsf] %) c+s ef/nfO{ & bzdnj
;+ljwfg aGg] s'g} Uof/]G6L gePsf] l8lehg ;Dd ljsf; x'g k'us ] f] lyof] . hgo'4n] lgdf{0f u/]sf] hgd'lQm ;]gf, ePsf] 5 . t];f| ] s'/f of] lg0f{oa6 ax'bnLo jf bnLo Joj:yfsf] l;4fGt / dd{dfly
% df emf/]sf] 5 . To;}u/L, ;DalGwt g]kfnsf clwsf+z u|fdL0f e"efux?df cfwf/ Ofnsfx?, hg;Qf, hgcbfnt k|xf/ ePsf] 5 . of] lg0f{o sfof{Gjog eO{ glh/sf] ¿kdf ljsl;t eof] eg] o;}
cj:yfdf k|wfgGofofwLzsf] g]tT[ j dfGo lhNnfsf k|dv ' lhNnf clwsf/LnfO{ ;d]t
gx'g] atfP . bnx¿n] o;/L cfk"mv';L cfwf/ Onfsfx?sf] lgdf{0f ul/Psf] / hg;/sf/ nufot ;Dk"0f{ ;+/rgfx? g]kfnh:tf ul/a jf ljsf;f]Gd'v b]zx¿df bnLo Joj:yf c;kmn x'g5] . eljiosf]
!) c+ssf] clwsf/ lbOPsf] 5 . lyof] . gofF hg;Qf / hgcbfntx? sfg'gL ?kdf eTsfP/ vf/]h ul/ ;s]sf] nflu klg of] olt ;+jb] gzLn ljifo xf] ls bnx¿aLr dgd'6jf eof] ls cbfntnfO{
lg0f{o u/] To;n] csf]{ cfGbf]ngsf] ¿k ToxLcg';f/ kl5Nnf] k6s a9'jf ePsf
lng] g]tf Gof}kfg]sf] egfO{ 5 . lgdf{0f u/]/ ;+rfngdf NofOPsf] lyof] . ePtf klg xfdL ca ToxL dxfg u'xfg'k{ g]{ /f]u nfUg]5 . xfd|fh ] :tf] b]zdf w]/h} ;f] bn / bnsf g]tfx¿ sxLF g sxLF
kfFr P;P;kLx?sf] a9'jfdf ;d]t ljjfb hg;/sf/x? lgdf{0f u/]/ k'/fgf] hgo'4x?sf] hudf 6]s/] hgljb|fx] ljb]zLx¿af6 k|eflt / ;~rflnt 5g\ . o:tf] c:yfdf ljleGg vfn] ljb]zL
6]lnsdsf]=== ePsf] lyof] . cfof]u u7g eP/ sfd /fHo;Lt ;dfGt/ ;/sf/ ;d]t ;+rfng dfkm{t g]kfnL qmflGt ;DkGg ug]{ Ps :jfy{x¿ xfd|f g]tfx¿dfkm{t\ 6Ss/fpg] cj:yf /lx/xg]5 . /fli6«o ;xdltsf]
ljifonfO{ p7fg ug{ cfu|x u/]sf] 5 . ;'? ubf{ oxL ;fdfGo l;4fGtnfO{ cfwf/ x'g k'us ] f] lyof] / d'ns ' sf] s/Lj *) P]ltxfl;s df]8df cfOk'us ] f 5f}+ . af6f]df sf]xL hfg grfxg] c:yf 5 . ctM of] sbd eljiosf nflu emg\ a9L
o;cl3 klg …/cÚ, 6]lnsd ljefu / agfpg] / clxn] h]–h;/L a9'jf ePsf k|ltzt e" efu g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] gj;+zf]wgjfbLx?n] hgo'4sf ;Dk"0f{ r'gf}tLk"0f{ / vt/gfs glh/ aGg] lglZrt 5 . of] /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] cIfdtf
k//fi6« dGqfnon] lrlgofF sDkgL;Fu 5g\ To;/L g} a9'jf x'g] atfOPsf] 5 . sAhfdf cfO;s]sf] lyof] . dxfg ;+/rgfx? Wj:t kfl/;s]sf] cjj:yfdf xf] . of] 7"nf7fn' / ;fdGtL g]tfx¿sf] ljjs]zG" otf xf] . g]kfnsf bnx¿nfO{
…Pg;]nÚsf] ;Demf}tfnfO{ lnP/ rf;f] /fv]sf u[x k|zf;gcGtu{t\ 7"n" f] g]kfn k|x/Ldf hgo'4s} qmddf g]kfnL cfdfsf b;f} s;/L hgo'4sf] hudf hgljb|fx] ;kmn c;kmn ;fljt ug],{ g]tfx¿nfO{ ckdfg ug]{ / kl/0ffd:j¿k /fi6«nfO{ g} c;kmn
lyP . ef/tLo ;'/Iff Ph]G;Ln] Pg;]nsf] ^! xhf/ sd{rf/L 5g\ eg] ;z:q k|x/Ldf xhf/ c;n 5f]/f5f]/Lx?n] hLjg pT;u{ x'G5 < dfcf]jfbLn] of] s] sfo{lbzf kfl/t agfpg] lgof]lht if8\oGqaf6 o:tf] k|:tfj NofOPsf] 5 . To;}n] rf}yf] s'/f of] lg0f{o
8f6f ;]G6/ agfpg] lhDdf rLgnfO{ lbg #) xhf/eGbf a9L sd{rf/Lx? 5g\ . u/]/ dxfg ;xLbx?sf] sf]6Ldf nfda4 u/]sf] xf] / o;af6 s;/L g]kfnL qmflGt /fi6«3ftL 5 . ljb]zLx¿sf] qmL8f:yn agfOPsf] 5 . ;/sf/ agfpg] / lu/fpg]
gx'g] eGb} cfklQ k|s6 u/]sf lyP . ;fwg–;| f ] t sf] sdL / sdhf] / x'g k'us ] f lyP . xhf/f}n + fO{ tTsflng ;DkGg x'G5 eGg] k|Zgx? klg p7\g] v]ndf ljb]zL zlQms]Gb|x¿sf] n8fOFnfO{ :yflkt ul/g]5 . k|wfg GofowLznfO{
…/cÚn] Tolta]nf Pg;]nsf] 8f6f a}s + Joj:yfkgsf sf/0f /fli6«o cg';Gwfg /fHon] Hofg j]kQf kf/]sf] lyof] hf] u/]sf 5g\ . jf:tljstf s] xf] eg] k|wfgdGqL agfpg] lg0f{o rLg lj/f]wL cGt/f{li6«o cGt/åGå a9\of] eg], To;n] xfd|f]
agfpg] kl/of]hgfdf x:tIf]k ug{;d]t ljefusf] cf}lrTo g} gePsf] eGg] ul/P cfh;Dd ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] 5}g . g]kfnL gofF hgjfbL qmflGtsf] hu eg]s} /fli6«otf emg} ;+s6df km:g]5 . xfdL rfx]/ klg Tof] åGåaf6 plDsg c;dy{ x'g]
k//fi6« dGqfnonfO{ cfu|x u/]sf] lyof] . klg dGqfnon] To;sf] ;'wf/sf nflu xhf/f}s + f] ;+Vofdf 3fOt] / ckfË kfl/Psf] dxfg hgo'4 g} xf] . hgo'4sf] hu 5f}F . kfFrf}F s'/f o;n] sfg'gL /fHosf] pkxf; u/]sf] 5 . rf/ bnn] eg]kl5 h] klg
g]kfn 6]lnsdn] lrlgofF sDkgL;Fu em08} 5'§} sfo{ljlw agfpg nfu]sf] 5 . lyof] . / o;}sf] kl/0ffd :j?k @$) eg]sf] To;af6 k|fKt 1fg g} xf] . xfdLn] x'g] c/fhstfsf] ;+:yfut ljsf; x'g5 ] . rf/ bnnfO{ ;+ljwfg / sfg'geGbf dfly
tLg ca{ ?k}ofF vr{ u/]/ PghLPg k|ljlw u[x;lrj l3ld/]n] /fli6«o cg';Gwfg jif{bl] v zf;g ub}{ cfPsf] zfx j+zLo hgo'4sf] qmdfd h'g hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] /fVg'kg]{ csf]{ vfnsf] lg/ª\sz ' sf] ljsf; x'g5] . rf/ bnaLr c;xdlt x'bF f jf
…OG:6nÚ ul//x]sf] 5 . ;DejtM ef/tLo ljefusf] k|efjsfl/tf a9fpg tof/ ;fdGtL /fhtGqfTds /fHoJoj:uyfsf] lgdf{0f u/]sf lyof}, cfwf/ Onfsfx?sf w|j' Ls/0f x'bF f dfq sfg'g jf ;+ljwfgsf] kfngf ug'k{ g]{ cGoyf h] u/] klg x'g]
rf;f] ePs} sf/0f 6]lnsdsf] PghLPg …OlG6lnh]G; kf]ln;LÚ cg'df]bgsf nflu cGTo u/]/ nf]stflGqs u0ftGq cyf{t\ lgdf{0f u/]sf lyof}, gofF hg;Qf / cj:yf cfpg]5 . csf]{ zAbdf rf/ bnsf] ;xdlt g} sfg'g jf ;+ljwfg aGg]
kl/of]hgfnfO{ clVtof/ b'?kof]u dlGqkl/ifb\df k]; eO;s]sf] klg atfP . j'hj{ ' f k"h F LjfbL u0ftGqfTds Joj:yfsf] hgcbfntx? lgdf{0f u/]sf lyof}+ / cj:yfnfO{ lsdfy{ :jLsfg{ ;lsFbg} . rf/ bnn] d'G6f] xNnfpgf;fy afwf, c8\sfp
cg';Gwfg cfof]un] klg 5fgljgsf] 3]/fdf l3ld/]sf cg';f/ u[x dGqfnon] ;'/Iff :yfkgf x'g k'us ] f] xf] . To;af6 h'g hftLo, If]qLo, n}l+ us, k'msfpg] clg c? bnsf] x}l;ot g} gx'g] of] k/Dk/fnfO{ tf]8g\ k} 5{ .
/fv]sf] lyof] . …/cÚn] g]kfn;Fu} dflNbE;sf] k|zf;g ;'wf/sf nflu ^ dlxgfcl3 lj8Dagf zflGt k|lqmofdf cfpg] dlxnf, blnt, lk5l8Psf] hghflt, kfFrf}F s'/f k|wfgGofowLznfO{ k|wfgdGqL agfpg] s'/f rf/ bnLo g]tfx¿sf]
kl/of]hgfdf klg x:tIf]k ug{ cfu|x u/]sf] Ps}rf]l6 ljleGg %& ljifodf yfn]sf] k|lqmof;Fu} dxfg hgo'4sf] d'Vo g]tT[ j d'l:nd cflbdf h'g r]tgfsf] pRr kfunkg jf afnfkg xf] . pgLx¿ klg y]Ug} g;Sg] bafasf sf/0f ;xdt x'g
5 . …lrgLofF 6]lnsd sDkgLsf] g]kfn / cWoog nueu k"/f x'g nfu]sf] / s]xLsf] ub}{ cfPsf] k'ik sdn bfnxf k|r08 / ljsf; eof], Tof] g} hgo'4sf] hu x'g\ . afWo kfl/Psf] rrf{ rln/x]s} 5 . o;af6 Ps k|sf/sf] cft+s jf qf;sf] kbf{kmf;
dflNbE;df a9\bf] pkl:yltn] ;'/Iff Ph]G;L d:of}bf;d]t tof/ eO;s]sf 5g\ eg] 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{df ;}4flGts ljrng cGt/ /fli6«o efOrf/f kf6L{x?;Fusf] ePsf] 5 . Ps k|sf/sf] ckx/0fsf] z}nLaf6 g]tfx?nfO{ afWo kfl/Psf] ;dfrf/
…Pn6{df 5g\,Ú Osf]gf]lds 6fOD;n] n]vs ] f] s]xLsf] d:of}bf tof/ x'bF } 5g\ . u[x cfof] / To;sf] k/fsfi7fsf] ?kdf k'u/] ;DaGw, xhf/f}s + f] alnbfg, 3fOt], ckfË, cfPsf 5g\ . wDsLsf cfwf/df ;dy{g ul/Psf s'/fx¿ aflx/ cfPsf 5g\ . ctM
5 . rLgn] dflNbE;df ;"rgf k|ljlw dGqfnon] tof/ u/]sf u'08f lgoGq0f gj;+zf]wgjfbdf ktg x'g k'Uof] . To; a]kQfx?sf] Tofu, h;n] r]tgfsf] cfwf/ olb rf/ bnsf g]tfx¿ kfun eP eGb}df o;nfO{ ;a}n] :jLsfg'k{ 5{ eGg] 5}g .
k"jf{wf/ kl/of]hgfsf nflu kfFr s/f]8 P]g, dxfgu/Lo k|x/L P]g, a]jfl/;] xltof/ kZrft k| r 08– afa' / fdn] pRr ?kdf v8f x'g k'us ] f] 5, hgo'4sf] bafa cfPkl5 h] klg ug]{ g]tfx¿af6 b]z / hgtfsf] lxt x'g ;Sb}g .
&) nfv 8n/ C0f k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . tyf lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ Joj:yfkg ;fd|fHojfbLx? / lj:tf/jfbLx? d"ntM cfwf/ eg]sf] g} To;af6 k|fKt 1fg, Au:5}7f}F s'/f n8fOF k|wfgdGqLdf dfq /x]5, dGqLx¿df t afF8Lr'8F L vfg]
rLg=== P]gnufotsf] d:of}bf cg'df]bgsf nflu ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbLx?sf ;fd' ndk;f/ cg'ej xf] . oL ;a} rLh xfdLl;t 5g\ . efuj08f ldNbf/x]5 eGg] tYo pmhfu/ ePsf] 5 . k|wfgdGqLdf rflxF k|wfg
eg] ;8sn] l5gf]kmfgf] ug]5{ , pgn] eg] . dlGqkl/ifb\df k7fO;s]sf] 5 . kb}{ ;qfdf k'Ug / l6sLx/gsf lglDt oL rLhx? g} dxfg hgo'4sf hu GofowLz /xg] t/ dGqLx¿df eg] bnLo g]tfx¿ g} /xg] ;xdlt ePsf] 5 .
g]kfnsf] /fhgLlt g]kYoaf6 rln/x]sf] dfcf] jfbL === ltg} ljb] z L dxfk| e ' x ?sf ;fd' x'g\ . log} lrhx?sf] ;+/If0f ub}{ / c? o;n] s] b]vfpF5 eg] ;/sf/df a:g] bnx¿n] r'gfjdf ;Qfsf] b'¿kof]u u/L
bfaL ub}{ pgn] eg], …;a} lrh gfË} 5fkfdf/ o'4df hfg] gLlt gePsf] cfTd;dk{0f ug{ k'u/] dxfg\ hgo'4 j}1flgs 9+un] ljsf; / ;+Zn]if0f ub}{ r'gfj lhTg] s'lT;t ;kgf dfq g]tfx¿df ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;ftf}F s'/f ;]gf, k|x/L
tl/sfn] cfPsf 5g\ . sfFu;] | / Pdfn]sf af/] cfk"m :ki6 ePsf] atfpg'eof] . yfngL ug]{ a]nf kf6L{åf/f k|ltj4tf hfx]/ g]kfnL qmflGtnfO{ ljhosf] lbzflt/ / sd{rf/L klg of] lg0f{oaf6 t/lËt ag]sf] 5 . ;]gfsf] k|wfg;]gfklt, k|x/Lsf]
g]tfx¿ klg crDd k/]sf] b]V5f}F . ToxfF gofF lgjf{rgsf] af6f] af6} ;d:ofsf] ul/Psf & a'bF ] k|lta4tfx?nfO{ nTofpFb,} a9fpg' kb{5 eGg] sfo{lbzf g} hgo'4sf] cfOlhkL / sd{rf/Lx¿sf] d'Vo ;lrjnfO{ klg k|wfgdGqL aGg kfP x'GYof] eGg]
klg Psdt 5}gg\ .Ú …k|r08hLn] eg]sf] ;dfwfg vf]Hgsf] lglDt dfcf]jfbL g]kfnL qmflGtk|lt u4f/L ug{ k'us ] f] g]kfnL hudf hgljb|fx] elgPsf] xf] . k'/fgf cfsf+Iff a9fOlbPsf] 5 . o;sf] kl/0ffd:j¿k k|wfg;]gfkltn] t 3'dfp/f]
;"q klg g]kfnsf] /fli6«o cl:dtf kf6L{nfO{ cg'/f]w klg ug{'eof] / qmflGtsf] em08fnfO{ af6}df nTofP/ rLhx?n] dfq ;a} s'/fsf] k|fKtL x'g kf/fdf cfˆgf] wf/0ff cleJoQm ul/;Ps]sf 5g\ . k|wfgGofowLz k|wfgdGqL x'g
lgld6\ofGg kfg]{ cEof; eO/x]sf] kfOof] pxfFx¿n] cfk"mx¿ g]kfnsf] zflGt / qmflGtb]lv efu]sf] / d'lQmsfdL g]kfnL ;Qm}g gofF oL rLhsf] lgdf{0f / ljsf; ldN5 eg] k|wfg;]gfkltrflxF lsg gldNg] < cfOlhkL jf d'Vo ;lrjrflxF lsg
eGb} pgn] eg], …Joj:yflksf gePsf] nf]stGq k|fKt ug]{ cleofgnfO{ hgtf / cfd sfo{stf{x?nfO{ wf]sf lbFb} ug{ cfjZos x'G5 . Tof] eg]sf] gofF gldNg] < o:tf] unt cfsf+IffnfO{ a9fpFb} hfFbf cGttM b]z ;}Go zf;gtkm{
a]nf sfo{kflnsf / Gofokflnsf Ps} ;dy{g ul//xg] / Pp6f ;d'Ggt k|ltlqmofjfbL SofDkdf ;fd]n x'g k'us ] f] 9+usf] qmflGtsf/L sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] lgb]l{ zt x'g5 ] . a?, k|wfg GofowLznfO{ eGbf sd{rf/LnfO{ r'gfjL ;/sf/sf]
AolStdf x'g] s'/f :jLsf/ ug{nfos 5}g .Ú g]kfnsf] rfxgf /fv]sf] s'/f :ki6 s'/f ;j{ljlbt} 5 . To; kZrft lgdf{0f, hg;]gfsf] lgdf{0f, ;+o'Qm g]tT[ j ug]{ lhDdf lbPsf] eP s]xL ljj]s ;xL x'GYof] . o;} klg b]z sd{rf/Ln]
pgn] ^)! hgf ;ef;b\nfO{ cj1f kfg{e
' of] .Ú dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ leqsf qmflGtsf/Lx?n] /fhgLlts df]rf{ cflb elgPsf] xf] . rnfO/fv]sf 5g\ . d'Vo ;lrjnfO{ k|wfgdGqL / ;lrjx¿nfO{ dGqL agfPsf]
ug]x{ ¿n] km]l/ ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj rfxg' gj;+zf]wgjfb;Lt ;DaGwljR5]b u/]/ qmflGtsf/L kf6L{ g]skf–dfcf]jfbL lgdf{0f eP a? s]xL ;xh x'GYof] ls < olb bnx¿ c;kmn eO;s]sf x'g eg] a? of]
/ xf]nf eg]/ ljZjf; ug{ g;lsg] bfjL dxfg\===
cj;/jfbaf6 g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng
g]kfnL qmflGtsf afFsL sfo{ef/x? k"/f ul/;s]sf 5f}+ . qmflGtsf/L ljrf/ lg0f{o jf ljsNkdf uP s;f] xf]nf <
u/] . pgsf] egfO 5, …o;}n] xfdLn] ug]{ p2]Zosf ;fy gofF 9+usf] qmflGtsf/L xfdLl;t} 5 . xfdLn] hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] ctM lgisif{df s] s'/f ;xL xf] eg] ;+ljwfgsf] ;+zf]wg gu/L lgsf; lgl:sFbg} .
…clhof;sf] ta]nfÚ sf] kmf]x/n] k"/} sfd sDo'lgi6 g]skf–dfcf]jfbLsf] k'gu{7g lgdf{0f, ;+o'Qm df]rf{sf] lgdf{0f /
cfGbf]ngsf] cfx\jfg u/]sf 5f}F .Ú cWoIf gnfUg] eO;s]sf] lyof] . To:tf] a]nf ;+ljwfgsf] ;+zf]wg ug]{ Joj:yflksf 5}g . o:tf] cj:yfdf afwf, c8\sfp, k'msfpsf]
df]xg j}B …ls/0fÚ n] n]vs /fhg ul/;s] k l5 g] k fnL sDo' l gi6 cfjZostf cg';f/ cGo ;+/rgfx? s'/f ul/Psf] 5 . bnLo ;xdlt a]u/ of] klg ;Dej 5}g . bnLo ;xdltsf] cy{
g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf …clhof;sf] cfGbf]ngsf] qmfGtsf/L wf/f leq / lgdf{0f u/]/ g]kfnL gofF hgjfbL qmflGt
kf]v/]nsf s[ltx¿n] ljZjsf] ;fd' g]kfnL ta]nfÚ ;kmf ug{ tTsflng g]kfn rf/ bnsf] dfq ;xdlt lsdfy{ dfGg ;lsFbg} . ;a}eGbf ;xh lgsf; xf]–
hgo'4nfO{ k'¥ofpg] sfo{ ;x|flgofF sfd efOrf/f zlQmx?sf aLrdf qmflGtk|ltsf] k"/f ug]{ k|ltj4tf hfx]/ ul/;s]sf 5f}+ . ;j{kIfLo uf]nd]r ;ef, /fli6«o ;+oQ' m ;/sf/ / hgtfsf] ;+ljwfg . of] g} clxn]sf]
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ qmflGtsf/L cfzf / pT;fx k'gM hfu[t x'g k'Uof] . of] P]ltxfl;s sfo{ef/ k"/f ug]{
ePsf] atfP . …o;df k|of]u ePsf efiff xs'n{ ;sf] e"ldsf k"/f ug{ dxfg hgo'4 ;'N6f] lgsf; xf], ;'N6f]nfO{ 5f8]/ p;Nf] lgsf; vf]Hg] bnx¿ / ltgsf g]tfx¿
/ k|sfzssf] rrf{ ;'Gbf ;dfhjfbL Tolx qmddf g]skf–dfcf]jfbLn] ut lhDdf xfdL dfcf]jfbL qmflGtsf/Lx?sf] hgtfsf] s73/fdf pleg'kg]{ 5 . hlt g} ax; u/] klg ;+jw} flgs / sfg'gL
tof/Ldf hfg] k|lta4tf JoQm u¥of] . dlxgf dfq cfkm\gf] P]ltxfl;s ;ftf}+ sfFwdf cfPsf] 5 . qmflGtsf] af6f] ;f]emf]
oyfy{jfbdf cfwfl/t 5 ls 5}g eg]/ h'g @)%! ;fn kmfNu'g @ b]lv $ lx;fan] lgsf; lgl:sg ;Sb}g . lgsf;sf nflu /fhgLlts lg0f{o clgjfo{ 5 .
x]g{} kg]{ pTs07f hfu]sf] pgn] atfP . dxflwj]zgaf6 …hgo'4sf] hutdf /]vfaf6 cuf8L a9\g ;Qm}g . jfË /fhgLlts lg0f{o of t 7"nf7"nf hgcfGbf]ng, qmflGtaf6 ul/G5 of t ;j{kIfLo
ut];Dd uf]/vfdf a;]sf] t]>f] lj:tfl/t hgljb|fx] Ú gfd lbOPsf] g]kfnL gofF l6Ëf 3'dfp/f] tyf sl7g / cgluGtL
k|f= ;'/z ] cfn]du/n] l/j]n ckm b a}7sn] hgo'4df hfg] g]kfnL gofF uf]nd]r ;ef, ;Dd]ngaf6 . /, Tof]afx]ssf] t];f| ] ljsNk klg 5, Tof] xf], h+uL
dfp06]gn] g]kfnL qmflGtsf] l/kf]6h { :t} hgjfbL qmflGtsf] jt{dfg sfo{lbzf ck7\of/fx? alnbfg, of]ubfgx? k|fKt zf;g . of] tLgj6f ljsNkeGbf aflx/af6 lgsf; lgsfNg vf]Hg b'36{ gf lgDTofpg'
hgjfbL qmflGt /fhgLlts tyf kmf}hL kfl/t u/] kZrft ;a} v fn] u/]/ dfq cufl8 a9\5 . Oltxf;n]
nfu]sf] atfP . pgn], …o;n] g]kfnL sfo{lbzf kfl/t u/]sf] lyof] . To;kl5 dfq xf] . b]znfO{ l:y/tf xf]Og, cl:y/tflt/, zflGt xf]Og, czflGtlt/ / ;xdlt
qmflGtnfO{ cGt/f{li6«os/0f ug{ ;3fPsf] ;+zf]wgjfbLx? / k|ltlqmofjfbLx?sf] ;'Dk]sf] of] P]ltxfl;s bfloTj k"/f ug{ xf]Og åGålt/ ws]Ng' dfq x'g5 ] , ;a}nfO{ r]tgf eP /fd|f] .
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5 .Ú o;n] tLg b]znfO{ 5f]Psf] k|;u+ s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] a}7sn] dxfg hgo'4sf bishnupantha010@gmail.com
rrf{ ub}{ ljifoj:t' g]kfn, n]vg Sofg8f 5 . / ;a}vfn] ;+zf]wgjfbLx? / ;fdgf ug'k{ g]{ 5 . dxfg hgo'4n]
nflu …rf/ cfwf/ / rf/ tof/LÚ h:tf k|ltlqmofjfbLx? Pp6} lsQfdf Psh'6 l;sfPsf] kf7 klg oxL g} xf] . dxfg\ ;d]t x/ If]qsf] j}1flgs 9+un] ;ldIff sDo' l gi6 cfGbf] n gdf ljutsf]
/ k|sfzg cd]l/sfdf ePsf] klg atfP . P]ltxfl;s hgo'4sf] klxnf] of]hgf kfl/t
pgsf] ljrf/df ;flxTosf dfWodaf6 x'bF 5} g\ . / oxL kmfNu'g ! ut]bl] v g]skf– hgo'4sf] o; P]ltxfl;s !*cf}+ hgo'4 u/]/ To;af6 k|fKt lzIffnfO{ cfTd;fy Oltxf;sf] h'g Jofh vfg] k/Dk/f 5
ub}{ sfddf nfUg ;Dk"0f{ kf6L{ k+lQmnfO{ dfcf]jfbLn] hgjfb, hghLljsf, /fli6«o lbj; eJo ?kdf dgfO/x]sf] of] dxfg\ ub}{ g]kfnL qmflGtnfO{ ljhosf] lzv/df To;nfO{ g tf]8;
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ofb 5 eg] To;} qmddf dfcf]jfbL Ph]08f ;lxt ;zQm 9+un] hgk|lt/f] d"NofÍg, ;ldIff ug{ h?/L 5 . xfdLn] of] dxfg\ hgo'4 lbj; dgfPsf] /xFbg} .
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