The document provides an overview of the content covered in Week 1 of an Assembly Language course. It introduces basic concepts like virtual machine models, data representation, and Boolean logic. The first chapter discusses why Assembly Language is studied, what background is needed, and example applications. It also explains how Assembly Language relates to both machine language and higher-level languages like C++. Key topics that will be covered are virtual machines, data types, binary numbers, and integer storage formats.
The document provides an overview of the content covered in Week 1 of an Assembly Language course. It introduces basic concepts like virtual machine models, data representation, and Boolean logic. The first chapter discusses why Assembly Language is studied, what background is needed, and example applications. It also explains how Assembly Language relates to both machine language and higher-level languages like C++. Key topics that will be covered are virtual machines, data types, binary numbers, and integer storage formats.
The document provides an overview of the content covered in Week 1 of an Assembly Language course. It introduces basic concepts like virtual machine models, data representation, and Boolean logic. The first chapter discusses why Assembly Language is studied, what background is needed, and example applications. It also explains how Assembly Language relates to both machine language and higher-level languages like C++. Key topics that will be covered are virtual machines, data types, binary numbers, and integer storage formats.
The document provides an overview of the content covered in Week 1 of an Assembly Language course. It introduces basic concepts like virtual machine models, data representation, and Boolean logic. The first chapter discusses why Assembly Language is studied, what background is needed, and example applications. It also explains how Assembly Language relates to both machine language and higher-level languages like C++. Key topics that will be covered are virtual machines, data types, binary numbers, and integer storage formats.
• Virtual Machine Concept • Data Representation • Boolean Operations
2 Welcome to Assembly Language
• Some Good Questions to Ask
• Assembly Language Applications
3 Questions to Ask
• Why am I learning Assembly Language?
• What background should I have? • What is an assembler? • What hardware/software do I need? • What types of programs will I create? • What do I get with this book? • What will I learn?
4 Welcome to Assembly Language (cont)
• How does assembly language (AL) relate to machine
language? • How do C++ and Java relate to AL? • Is AL portable? • Why learn AL?
5 Assembly Language Applications
• Some representative types of applications:
• Business application for single platform • Hardware device driver • Business application for multiple platforms • Embedded systems & computer games
6 Comparing ASM to High-Level Languages
7 What's Next
• Welcome to Assembly Language
• Virtual Machine Concept • Data Representation • Boolean Operations
8 Virtual Machine Concept
• Virtual Machines • Specific Machine Levels
9 Virtual Machines
• Tanenbaum: Virtual machine concept
• Programming Language analogy: • Each computer has a native machine language (language L0) that runs directly on its hardware • A more human-friendly language is usually constructed above machine language, called Language L1
• Programs written in L1 can run two different ways:
• Interpretation – L0 program interprets and executes L1 instructions one by one • Translation – L1 program is completely translated into an L0 program, which then runs on the computer hardware
10 Translating Languages
English: Display the sum of A times B plus C.
C++: cout << (A * B + C);
Assembly Language: Intel Machine Language:
mov eax,A A1 00000000 mul B F7 25 00000004 add eax,C 03 05 00000008 call WriteInt E8 00500000
11 Specific Machine Levels
12 Level 4 - High-Level Language
• Application-oriented languages • C++, Java, Pascal, Visual Basic . . . • Programs compile into assembly language (Level 4)
13 Level 3 - Assembly Language
• Instruction mnemonics that have a one-to-
one correspondence to machine language • Programs are translated into Instruction Set Architecture Level - machine language (Level 2)
14 Level 2 - Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) (see Book's Page 8 for details)
• Also known as conventional machine
language • Executed by Level 1 (Digital Logic)
15 Level 1 - Digital Logic
• CPU, constructed from digital logic gates
• System bus • Memory • Implemented using bipolar transistors
16 What's Next
• Welcome to Assembly Language
• Virtual Machine Concept • Data Representation • Boolean Operations
17 Data Representation • Binary Numbers • Translating between binary and decimal • Binary Addition • Integer Storage Sizes • Hexadecimal Integers • Translating between decimal and hexadecimal • Hexadecimal subtraction • Signed Integers • Binary subtraction • Character Storage
18 Binary Numbers
• Digits are 1 and 0
• 1 = true • 0 = false • MSB – most significant bit • LSB – least significant bit MSB LSB • Bit numbering: 1011001010011100 15 0
19 Binary Numbers
• Each digit (bit) is either 1 or 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
• Each bit represents a power of 2: 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
